UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
(Mark One)
¨ | Registration statement pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
or
x | Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
or
¨ | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the transition period from to
or
¨ | Shell company report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
Commission file number 001-33821
VisionChina Media Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
1/F Block No.7 Champs Elysees
Nongyuan Road, Futian District
Shenzhen 518040
Peoples Republic of China
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Chief Financial Officer, telephone: (86 755) 8293-2222; fax: (86 755) 8298-1111
At the address of the Company set forth above
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class |
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | |
Common Shares, par value US$0.0001 per share |
Nasdaq Global Market | |
American Depositary Shares, each representing one Common Share |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the Issuers classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
68,386,838 Common Shares
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer x
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registration has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP x
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ¨
Other ¨
If Other has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which consolidated financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
Item 17 ¨ Item 18 ¨
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Yes ¨ No x
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 20-F
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
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CONVENTIONS THAT APPLY TO THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 20-F
Unless otherwise indicated, references in this annual report to:
| ADSs refers to our American depositary shares, each of which represents one common share, and ADRs refers to the American depositary receipts that may evidence our ADSs; |
| China or the PRC refers to the Peoples Republic of China, excluding, for the purpose of this annual report only, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau; |
| local operating partners refers to the local television stations with which we established our direct investment entities, or the local mobile digital television operating companies with which we entered into exclusive agency agreements or from which we buy advertising time; |
| RMB or Renminbi refers to the legal currency of China; $, dollars, US$ and U.S. dollars refer to the legal currency of the United States; |
| shares or common shares refers to our common shares; preferred shares refers to our Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares and Series B convertible preferred shares; and |
| we, us, our company, our and VisionChina refer to VisionChina Media Inc., a Cayman Islands company, its predecessor entities and subsidiary, and its consolidated affiliated entities, including China Digital Mobile Television Co., Ltd., or CDMTV, and its subsidiaries. Although VisionChina does not directly or indirectly own any equity interest in CDMTV, VisionChina effectively controls CDMTV through a series of contractual arrangements. We treat CDMTV as a variable interest entity and have consolidated its financial results in our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP. |
This annual report includes our audited consolidated financial statements for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005 and for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 and as of December 31, 2006 and 2007.
We completed the initial public offering of 13,500,000 ADSs, each representing one common share, in December 2007. On December 6, 2007, we listed our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol VISN.
ITEM 1. | IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS |
Not Applicable.
ITEM 2. | OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE |
Not Applicable.
ITEM 3. | KEY INFORMATION |
A. | Selected Financial Data |
The following selected condensed consolidated statement of operations data for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005 and for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 and the condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this annual report. The following selected condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2005 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are not included elsewhere in this annual report. You should read the selected condensed consolidated financial data in conjunction with those financial statements and the related notes and Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects included elsewhere in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods.
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For the Period from April 8, 2005 to December 31, 2005 |
For the Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2006 | 2007 | ||||||||
(US$, except number of shares) | |||||||||
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: | |||||||||
Revenues |
|||||||||
Advertising service revenues |
| 2,033,284 | 27,489,391 | ||||||
Advertising equipment revenues |
290,521 | 1,839,598 | 1,896,200 | ||||||
Total revenues |
290,521 | 3,872,882 | 29,385,591 | ||||||
Cost of revenues |
|||||||||
Advertising service cost |
| 3,967,081 | 12,801,957 | ||||||
Advertising equipment cost |
261,504 | 1,639,895 | 1,583,325 | ||||||
Total cost of revenues |
261,504 | 5,606,976 | 14,385,282 | ||||||
Gross profit (loss) |
29,017 | (1,734,094 | ) | 15,000,309 | |||||
Operating expenses |
386,215 | 2,067,291 | 5,098,576 | ||||||
Government grant |
| 125,953 | | ||||||
Loss from equity method investees |
(104,475 | ) | (469,841 | ) | (1,262,273 | ) | |||
Operating profit (loss) |
(461,673 | ) | (4,145,273 | ) | 8,639,460 | ||||
Interest income |
45,264 | 98,873 | 505,888 | ||||||
Other expenses |
| (22,608 | ) | (95,719 | ) | ||||
Net income (loss) before income taxes |
(416,409 | ) | (4,069,008 | ) | 9,049,629 | ||||
Income taxes |
| | 332,386 | ||||||
Minority interest |
| | 11,343 | ||||||
Net income (loss) |
(416,409 | ) | (4,069,008 | ) | 9,393,358 | ||||
Deemed dividend on convertible redeemable preferred shares |
| 1,583,333 | 6,625,262 | ||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to holders of common shares |
(416,409 | ) | (5,652,341 | ) | 2,768,096 | ||||
Net income (loss) per common share: |
|||||||||
Basic |
(0.02 | ) | (0.26 | ) | 0.11 | ||||
Diluted |
(0.02 | ) | (0.26 | ) | 0.11 | ||||
Shares used in computation of net income (loss) per share: |
|||||||||
Basic |
22,000,000 | 22,000,000 | 24,709,522 | ||||||
Diluted |
22,000,000 | 22,000,000 | 25,771,702 | ||||||
Share-based compensation expenses during the related periods included in: |
|||||||||
Cost of revenues |
| 37,576 | 34,431 | ||||||
Selling and marketing expenses |
| 5,374 | 135,722 | ||||||
General and administrative expenses |
| 35,802 | 51,209 |
As of December 31, | ||||
2006 | 2007 | |||
(US$) | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
5,215,693 | 131,139,659 | ||
Total assets |
17,043,776 | 175,300,276 | ||
Total current liabilities |
1,241,783 | 10,618,779 | ||
Total shareholders equity |
581,666 | 164,028,819 |
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As of December 31, | ||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | ||||
Selected Operating Data: | ||||||
Number of digital television displays in our mobile digital television advertising network: |
||||||
Exclusive agency cities |
| 9,291 | 31,476 | |||
Direct investment cities |
667 | 7,518 | 9,726 | |||
Total |
667 | 16,809 | 41,202 | |||
Number of digital displays in our stationary advertising platform |
| | 208 |
For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||
2006 | 2007 | |||
Total hours of broadcasting(1) |
30,640 | 77,925 | ||
Average revenue per hour(1)(2) (US$) |
56 | 341 | ||
Average advertising minutes sold per hour |
1.08 | 7.04 |
(1) | Includes all of the cities in our network and stationary advertising platform. |
(2) | We calculate average revenues per hour by dividing our advertising service revenues derived from our network and stationary advertising platform by the total hours of broadcasting in the cities of our network and stationary advertising platform. |
Exchange Rate Information
Certain RMB-denominated figures used in this annual report are accompanied with U.S. dollar translations. These translations are based on the noon buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers of RMB as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. We make no representation that any RMB or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or RMB, as the case may be, at any particular rate, the rates stated below, or at all. The PRC government imposes control over its foreign currency reserves in part through direct regulation of the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and through restrictions on foreign trade. On March 31, 2007, the noon buying rate was RMB7.0120 to US$1.00.
The following table sets forth information concerning exchange rates between the RMB and the U.S. dollar for the periods indicated. These rates are provided solely for your convenience and are not necessarily the exchange rates that we used in this annual report or will use in the preparation of our periodic reports or any other information to be provided to you. The source of these rates is the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Noon Buying Rate | ||||||||
Period |
Period End | Average(1) | Low | High | ||||
(RMB per US$1.00) | ||||||||
2003 |
8.2767 | 8.2772 | 8.2800 | 8.2765 | ||||
2004 |
8.2765 | 8.2768 | 8.2771 | 8.2765 | ||||
2005 |
8.0702 | 8.1826 | 8.2765 | 8.0702 | ||||
2006 |
7.8041 | 7.9579 | 8.0702 | 7.8041 | ||||
2007 |
7.2946 | 7.6072 | 7.8127 | 7.2946 | ||||
September |
7.4928 | 7.5210 | 7.5540 | 7.4928 | ||||
October |
7.4682 | 7.5019 | 7.5158 | 7.4682 |
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Noon Buying Rate | ||||||||
Period |
Period End | Average(1) | Low | High | ||||
(RMB per US$1.00) | ||||||||
November |
7.3850 | 7.4210 | 7.4582 | 7.3800 | ||||
December |
7.2946 | 7.3682 | 7.4120 | 7.2946 | ||||
2008 | ||||||||
January |
7.1818 | 7.2405 | 7.2946 | 7.1818 | ||||
February |
7.1115 | 7.1644 | 7.1973 | 7.1100 | ||||
March |
7.0120 | 7.0722 | 7.1110 | 7.0105 |
(1) | Annual averages are calculated from month-end rates. Monthly averages are calculated using the average of the daily rates during the relevant period. |
B. | Capitalization and Indebtedness |
Not Applicable.
C. | Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds |
Not Applicable.
D. | Risk Factors |
Risks Related to Our Company and Our Industry
We have a limited operating history, which may make it difficult for you to evaluate our business and prospects.
We began operations in April 2005. We entered into our first direct investment arrangement in Chengdu in May 2005, and we secured our principle exclusive mobile digital television advertising agency arrangements in Beijing and Shenzhen in October and December 2006, respectively. Accordingly, we have a very limited operating history upon which you can evaluate the viability and sustainability of our business and its acceptance by advertisers and consumers. It is also difficult to evaluate the viability of our mobile digital television advertising network on mass transportation systems because we do not have sufficient experience to address the risks frequently encountered by early stage companies using new forms of advertising media and entering new and rapidly evolving markets. These circumstances may make it difficult for you to evaluate our business and prospects. In addition, due to our short operating history and recent additions to our management team, some of our senior management and employees have only worked together at our company for a relatively short period of time. As a result, it may be difficult for you to evaluate the effectiveness of our senior management and other key employees and their ability to address future challenges to our business.
If PRC regulators order one or more of our local operating partners to stop their mobile digital television operations due to violations of applicable regulations, our operations would be harmed and our financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.
On March 27, 2006, the PRC State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, or SARFT, promulgated the Notice Concerning Experimental Mobile Digital Television, or the March 2006 Notice. The March 2006 Notice regulates experimental mobile digital television operations and primarily contains the following provisions:
| no experimental mobile digital television operations shall be conducted without approval of SARFT; |
| no formal operation of mobile digital television shall be conducted before the establishment and adoption of national standards for mobile digital television; |
| after the adoption of the national digital mobile television standards, all mobile digital television operations must comply with such national standards; and |
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| existing mobile television network operations must apply for SARFT approval before April 30, 2006, and must stop operating as of June 15, 2006 if they fail to submit their applications by April 30, 2006 or their applications are disapproved by SARFT. |
These regulations apply directly to our local mobile television operating partners because they operate mobile television networks, and SARFT and its local branches have the authority to order any mobile television operators who have violated the March 2006 Notice or other applicable laws to stop operating their mobile television networks.
Our PRC legal counsel, has advised us that, since the mobile digital television industry is relatively new in China, there are significant uncertainties regarding the implementation and interpretation of the laws, rules and regulations applicable to mobile digital television operations, including the March 2006 Notice. Furthermore, the mobile digital television industry is encouraged under the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006 2010) of the PRC government. To date, our local mobile television operating partners in Shenzhen, Beijing, Zhengzhou, Guangzhou and Ningbo have obtained SARFT approvals for operating mobile digital television networks in these cities. However, our local operating partners in cities other than those five cities are currently in violation of the March 2006 Notice by operating mobile digital television networks without the required approval from SARFT. Because our local mobile television operating partners in such cities (except in Changzhou and Dalian) submitted applications to SARFT before April 30, 2006 as required under the March 2006 Notice and none of the applications has been rejected by SARFT as of the date hereof, our PRC legal counsel has advised us that it believes that there is no substantial or material risk that the operations of local mobile digital television networks in these cities will be ordered to stop. We cannot assure you, however, that SARFT or its local branches will not order any of our local operating partners to stop their operations. If any of our local operating partners are ordered to stop their mobile digital television operations, we may not be able to continue our advertising business in the affected city through other media or channels at acceptable costs, or at all. In that case, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.
The mobile digital television networks of our direct investment entities and the digital television broadcasting infrastructure of our local operating partners currently do not comply with the newly adopted PRC national standards for mobile digital television operations. If and when our local mobile television operating partners and our direct investment entities are required to comply with the national standards, we may spend significant capital and other resources.
Our local operating partners have adopted two different digital television technology standards in operating their networks. In addition, our direct investment entities have installed digital television receivers that were made in conformity with the technology standards our local operating partners have adopted. The National Standard of Frame Structure and Channel Code and Modulation of Digital Television Ground Broadcasting Transmission System, or the National Standard, was approved by the Standardization Administration of the PRC on August 18, 2006, and became effective on August 1, 2007. Under the March 2006 Notice, all of our local operating partners must adopt the National Standard for their mobile digital television operations. As of the date of this annual report, the mobile digital television network of our direct investment entities and the digital television broadcasting infrastructure of our local operating partners are not in compliance with the National Standard. Our direct investment entities and our local operating partners will be required to spend significant capital and other resources on new equipment to bring their operations in compliance with the National Standard. Under our exclusive advertising agency agreements, we are responsible for the portion of such expenditures relating to the displays. Neither the March 2006 Notice nor the National Standard provides a specific timeline for full compliance with the National Standard. In addition, the components necessary for mobile digital television operators to comply with the National Standard currently are not readily available in China. Therefore, we are unable to accurately estimate the amount of capital expenditures required for us to comply with the National Standard. Furthermore, during the period when new technology and equipment are installed, no programming or advertising can be broadcast, which will disrupt our advertising business. If the PRC regulatory authorities set a tight time table for the compliance with the National Standard or if the purchase of equipment required for such compliance involves substantial expenditure, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.
We may be subject to, and may expend significant resources in defending against, government actions and civil suits based on the content and services we provide through our mobile digital television advertising network.
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PRC advertising laws and regulations require advertisers, advertising operators and advertising distributors, including businesses such as ours and our local operating partners, to ensure that the content of the advertisements they prepare or distribute is fair, accurate and in full compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations. Violation of these laws, rules or regulations may result in penalties, including fines, confiscation of advertising fees, orders to cease dissemination of the advertisements and orders to publish an advertisement correcting the misleading information. In circumstances involving serious violations, the PRC government may revoke a violators license for its advertising business operations.
As an operator of an advertising medium, we are obligated under PRC laws, rules and regulations to monitor the advertising content aired on our network or stationary advertising platform for compliance with applicable laws. Although the advertisements shown on our network generally have previously been broadcast over public television networks and have been subjected to internal review and verification by these broadcasters, we are required to separately and independently review and verify these advertisements for content compliance before displaying these advertisements. In addition, for advertising content related to special types of products and services, such as alcohol, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and medical procedures, we are required to confirm that the advertisers have obtained requisite government approvals including the advertisers operating qualifications, proof of quality inspection of the advertised products, government pre-approval of the contents of the advertisement and filing with the local authorities. We employ, and our local direct investment entities are required by the applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations to employ, qualified advertising inspectors who are trained to review advertising content for compliance with applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations. We endeavor to comply with such requirements, including by requesting relevant documents from the advertisers. Our reputation will be tarnished and our results of operations may be adversely affected if advertisements shown on our mobile digital television advertising network or stationary advertising platform are provided to us by our advertising clients in violation of relevant PRC content laws and regulations, or if the supporting documentation and government approvals provided to us by our advertising clients in connection with such advertising content are not complete, or if the advertisements that our local operating partners have broadcast on our network have not received required approvals from the relevant local supervisory bodies, or if the advertisements are not content compliant.
All forms of outdoor advertisements must be registered before dissemination with the local branches of the State Administration of Industry and Commerce, or SAIC, which regulates advertising companies, and advertising distributors are required to submit a registration application form as well as the content of the advertisement to the local SAIC branch in order to receive an advertising registration certificate. The applicable PRC laws and regulations are not clear as to whether advertising on public transportation systems or other out-of- home locations would be considered outdoor advertising. In practice, local SAIC branches have discretion in determining whether such advertising constitutes outdoor advertising which would require registration with the relevant local SAIC branch. Local SAIC branches in different regions of the PRC may reach different conclusions with respect to this issue and such conclusions may also be subject to further revisions or amendments. Our PRC legal counsel has advised us that local SAIC branches in nine of the cities where we operate our advertising business, namely Changchun, Dalian, Guangzhou, Harbin, Nanjing, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Wuxi and Zhengzhou, require that advertising on public transportation systems or other out-of-home locations be registered as outdoor advertising. We would need our local operating partners cooperation to effect the required registrations. Our direct investment entities in Changchun, Harbin and Zhengzhou have completed the required registrations. Our direct investment entities in Dalian and Suzhou and our local operating partner in Shenzhen are in the process of completing the required registration. However, our local operating partners in Guangzhou, Nanjing and Wuxi have advised us that they do not believe such registrations are necessary. If advertising on public transportation systems or other out-of-home locations is determined by a local SAIC branch to be outdoor advertising and a registration is not effected as required by the local SAIC branch, our local operating partner or direct investment entity in the jurisdiction city of the local SAIC branch would be subject to a fine and may be ordered to stop disseminating the advertisements and as a result, our business in that city would be materially and adversely affected, which may have a material and adverse effect in our overall business.
Moreover, civil claims may be filed against us for fraud, defamation, subversion, negligence, copyright or trademark infringement or other violations due to the nature and content of the information displayed on our advertising network. If viewers find the content displayed on our advertising network to be offensive, bus and subway companies that display our content on their buses and subway platforms may seek to hold us responsible for any claims by their passengers or they may terminate their relationships with us.
In addition, if the security of the broadcasting network we use to send our signals is breached despite the efforts of our local operating partners to ensure the security of the content management system, and unauthorized images, text or audio sounds are
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displayed on our advertising network, viewers or the PRC government may find these images, text or audio sounds to be offensive, which may subject us to civil liability or government censure. Any such event may also damage our reputation. If our advertising viewers do not believe our content is reliable or secure, our business model may become less appealing to viewers in China and our advertising clients may be unwilling to place advertisements on our advertising network.
If SARFT determines that the regulations on radio and television advertising operation are applicable to advertising on mobile digital television or establishes similar regulations for mobile digital television, our business and prospects could be harmed.
SARFT promulgated Interim Measures of Administration of Advertisement Broadcasting of Radio and Television in 2003 that became effective on January 1, 2004. This regulation is applicable to advertisement broadcasting on all radio and television stations and channels. This regulation contains a number of restrictions, including that the total advertising time of a radio or television station or channel shall not be greater than 20% of its total broadcasting time each day. On average, approximately 12% of the total broadcasting time each day on our network was sold for advertising for the year ended December 31, 2007. Our PRC counsel has advised us that the provisions of this regulation restricting advertising time are only applicable to traditional radio and television broadcasting and that as of the date hereof, SARFT has not indicated that this regulation shall apply to mobile digital television. As a result, we believe that this regulation is not applicable to the mobile digital television industry. However, SARFT may determine that this regulation is applicable to the mobile digital television industry or promulgate new rules that are similar to this regulation to regulate or restrict the advertising time of mobile digital television networks. If any of these events occur, the total advertising time on our network will be limited and, as a result, our business and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Our failure to maintain relationships with local television stations or local mobile digital television companies would harm our business and prospects.
Our ability to generate revenues from advertising sales depends largely upon our ability to air advertisements on large mobile digital television networks on mass transportation systems in economically prosperous cities. This, in turn, requires that we develop and maintain business relationships with local television stations, local mobile digital television companies, local governments, and mass transportation services through which we obtain programming, broadcasting and space for our mobile digital television advertising networks. As of December 31, 2007, we provided advertising services through approximately 41,500 digital displays in 14 economically prosperous cities in China. We have entered into seven exclusive advertising agency arrangements and 11 direct investment arrangements. We cannot assure you that we can maintain these relationships on satisfactory terms, or at all. Our local operating partners may unilaterally terminate our agreements with them before the expiration of these agreements if there are events of force majeure or if we have breached the agreements. For example, our agreement with our local operating partner in Beijing requires us to install digital television displays in new buses pursuant to the terms of the agreement between our local operating partner in Beijing and the local bus company in Beijing. If we fail to perform our contractual obligations, we will be in breach of our agreement and our local operating partner may unilaterally terminate our agreement. If we fail to maintain relationships with our local operating partners, advertisers may find advertising on our network unattractive and may not purchase advertising time from us, which would cause our revenues to decline and our business and prospects to deteriorate.
We do not completely control the operations of our direct investment entities; any dispute with the local television stations could harm our business.
We operate in 11 cities through direct investment entities formed with the local television stations. PRC law provides that the television stations or entities controlled by them must own no less than 51% of the equity interests in any mobile digital television operating company. We own a 49% equity interest in those direct investment entities, except the direct investment entity in Shenzhen in which we own a 25% equity interest and the direct investment entity in Wuxi in which we own a 14% equity interest. Most of our direct investment agreements provide that we have the right to nominate the general manager of the direct investment entity, who will be in charge of the day-to-day operations of the direct investment entity. Our local operating partners, the local television stations, control the broadcasting and are responsible for compliance matters. We cannot assure you that disputes will not arise between us and our local operating partners, and that any such disputes will be resolved in our favor. Further, our interests and the interests of our local operating partners may be different. In some cases, we may have to rely on court proceedings to resolve the disputes between us and our local operating partners. Any litigation will divert our resources and may result in a judgment against us. If any dispute between us and our local operating partners arises, our business operations could be harmed, and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
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Our failure or our local operating partners failure to maintain existing relationships or develop new relationships with local bus companies or subway companies would harm our business and prospects.
In most of the cities where we operate, our business relationships with local bus companies or other selected operations are secured and provided by our local operating partners or our direct investment entities. Our operations on the stationary advertising platform in Shenzhen and Guangzhou were secured by our agreements with the subway companies in the two cities, respectively. The foregoing arrangements generally have terms ranging from two to ten years. However, we cannot assure you that we and our local operating partners can maintain these relationships with the local bus companies or subway companies on satisfactory terms, or at all, or that the local bus companies or subway companies will not terminate these relationships before their expiration. If we or our local operating partners fail to maintain these relationships, advertisers may find advertising on our network unattractive and may not purchase advertising time from us, which would cause our revenues to decline and our business and prospects to deteriorate.
If advertisers or the viewing public do not accept, or lose interest in, our mobile digital television advertising network, our revenues may be negatively affected and our business may not expand or be successful.
The mobile digital television advertising market in China is relatively new and its potential is uncertain. We compete for advertising revenues with many forms of more established advertising media. Our success depends on the acceptance of our mobile digital television advertising network by advertisers and their continuing interest in this medium as part of their advertising strategies. Our success also depends on the viewing publics continued receptiveness towards our mobile digital television advertising model. Advertisers may elect not to use our services if they believe that viewers are not receptive to our network or that our network does not provide sufficient value as an effective advertising medium. Likewise, if viewers find some element of our network, such as the audio feature of monitors, to be disruptive or intrusive, mass transportation companies may decide not to install our digital displays, and advertisers may view our network as a less attractive advertising medium compared to other alternatives. In these events, advertisers may reduce their spending on our network. If a substantial number of advertisers lose interest in advertising on our network for these or other reasons, we will be unable to generate sufficient revenues and cash flows to operate our business, and our financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.
The process of developing a relationship with a local television station or its mobile digital television operating company, and then installing digital displays on the mass transportation systems can be time- consuming and requires us to commit a substantial amount of resources, from which we may be unable to recognize the anticipated benefits.
Our success depends largely on our ability to establish relationships with local television stations and mass transportation companies. The process of establishing these relationships can be lengthy because mobile digital television is a relatively new form of media, and we often need to convince counterparties about the benefits of establishing a mobile digital television network on mass transportation systems. We may be required to commit substantial resources during this process, and counterparties may decide not to proceed with deployment. If these counterparties do not accept mobile digital television network as an effective medium on mass transportation vehicles, we may not be able to grow our business or our revenues.
Once a mass transportation company agrees to install our mobile digital television displays on their buses or other vehicles, we must invest substantial time and resources to install digital television displays before we receive any revenues from such efforts. Such investments typically include the purchase and the installation of digital television displays, or expenses relating to the acquisition of interests in the local direct investment entities. We may experience increased distribution and operations costs during and/or after deployment. We may also experience delays in revenue generation, if any, due to deployment delays or difficulties in selling advertising time to new or current advertisers to be aired on these buses and other mass transportation vehicles. We may be unable to generate sufficient revenues from advertising packages on these buses and other mass transportation vehicles to offset the related costs.
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Defects in the local mobile digital television networks, which we rely on to conduct our advertising operations, could result in a loss of advertisers and audience and unexpected expenses.
Our advertising operations rely on the combination of the broadcasting network infrastructure of the local television stations and digital television displays. This combined infrastructure is complex and must meet stringent quality and reliability requirements. Due to the complexity of this infrastructure and the impracticability of testing all possible operating scenarios prior to implementation, certain errors or defects may not be detectable. The existence of errors or defects in this combined infrastructure may result in loss of, or delay in, acceptance of our advertising services by advertisers and public viewers. In addition, mass transportation companies could cancel their arrangements with our direct investment entities or our local operating partners if their respective networks experience sustained downtime. Any errors or defects in the local mobile digital television networks which we use to conduct our advertising operations could damage our reputation, result in revenue loss, divert development resources and increase service and support costs and warranty claims.
When our local mobile digital television advertising networks reach saturation in the cities where we operate, we may be unable to grow our revenue base or satisfy all of our advertisers needs, which could hamper our ability to generate higher levels of revenues over time.
Air time allocated to programming and advertising on our mobile digital television network is generally provided in the agreements with our local operating partners. In cities where demand for time by advertisers is high, such as Beijing, Shenzhen and Nanjing, our local mobile digital television networks may reach saturation, meaning we cannot sell additional advertising time without further increasing the proportion of advertisements to programs. If our local networks reach saturation in any particular city, we will be forced to request additional advertising time from our local operating partners or increase our advertising rates to increase our revenues. However, we cannot assure you that our local operating partners will grant our requests, and advertisers may be unwilling to accept rate increases or a decrease in the amount of programming, which in turn may decrease the attentiveness of the audience to their advertisements. If we are unable to increase the length of advertising time on our network or the rates for advertising time in saturated cities, we may be unable to generate higher levels of revenues over time.
If we fail to attract advertisers to our network, we would be unable to maintain or increase our advertising prices, which would negatively affect our ability to grow revenues.
The actual prices we can charge advertisers for time on our mobile digital television network and non- broadcast advertising platform depend on the size and quality of our networks and the demand by advertisers for advertising time. Advertisers choose to advertise on our advertising network in part based on the size of the network and the desirability of the cities where we operate. If we fail to maintain or increase the number of cities, diversify advertising channels in our network, or solidify our brand name and reputation as a quality provider of advertising services, advertisers may be unwilling to purchase time on our network or to pay the advertising fees we require to remain profitable. Any significant decrease in demand could cause us to lower the prices we charge for advertising time on our network and could negatively affect our ability to increase revenues in the future.
We face significant competition, and if we do not compete successfully against new and existing competitors, we may lose our market share, and our profitability may be adversely affected.
We compete with other mobile digital television advertising companies and other new media advertising companies in China. We compete for advertising clients primarily on the basis of network size and coverage, location, price, range of services and brand name. We also face competition from other mobile digital television advertising network operators for access to the most desirable cities and mass transportation systems in China. Our major competitors include other companies that operate out-of-home advertising media networks such as Focus Media, and other smaller mobile digital television companies. We also compete for overall advertising spending with other advertising media, such as television, mass transportation posters, billboards, newspapers, radio, magazines and the Internet. Some of our competitors operate digital television advertising networks installed on mass transportation systems primarily playing prerecorded content saved on compact flash cards or DVDs. For example, Towona Mobile Digital Co., Ltd. and Bus Online each operate a network on mass transportation systems utilizing compact flash cards, DVDs and, to a lesser extent, mobile digital television broadcasts in China including Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Shenzhen and several other cities where we operate our business. Towona was reported to be the largest mobile television group in China in a report released in November 2007 which was reported to be jointly sponsored by four market research firms.
Many smaller mobile digital television companies operate in cities outside of our network pursuant to exclusive agreements, and we expect to encounter barriers-to-entry as we attempt to expand our network into these cities. For example, in Shanghai, Shanghai
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Oriental Pearl Mobile Television Inc. operates the largest mobile digital television advertising network using broadcasting technology. As a result, we face barriers-to- entry to expand our network to Shanghai. In addition, we will face barriers-to-entry as we attempt to expand our out-of-home advertising network to different media platforms such as in-building displays or large outdoor LED displays because other companies have already signed exclusive placement agreements to secure the most desirable locations.
Further, we may also face competition from new entrants into the mobile digital television advertising sector. As is customary in the advertising industry, we do not have exclusive arrangements with our advertising clients and we do not have exclusive arrangements with the local operating partners in a number of cities in which we operate. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will succeed in gaining a greater market share or maintain our market share. In addition, since December 10, 2005, wholly foreign-owned advertising companies have been allowed to operate in China, which may expose us to increased competition from international advertising media companies attracted to opportunities in China.
Increased competition could reduce our operating margins and profitability and result in a loss of market share. Some of our existing and potential competitors may have competitive advantages, such as significantly greater financial, marketing or other resources, and others may successfully mimic and adopt our business model. Moreover, increased competition will provide advertisers with a wider range of media and advertising service alternatives, which could lead to lower prices and decreased revenues, gross margins and profits. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully compete against new or existing competitors.
We operate in the advertising industry, which is particularly sensitive to changes in economic conditions and advertising trends.
Demand for advertising time on our network and stationary advertising platform, and the resulting advertising spending by our clients, are particularly sensitive to changes in general economic conditions and advertising expenditures typically decrease during periods of economic downturn. Advertisers may reduce the money they spend to advertise on our network and stationary advertising platform for a number of reasons, including:
| a general decline in economic conditions; |
| a decline in economic conditions in the particular cities where we conduct business; |
| a decision to shift advertising expenditures to other available advertising media; and |
| a decline in advertising spending in general. |
A decrease in demand for advertising media in general, and for our advertising services in particular, would materially and adversely affect our ability to generate revenues, and our financial condition and results of operations.
Four major cities in China have accounted, and will continue to account, for a substantial majority of our revenues. Our business and financial conditions are particularly subject to general economic conditions and the relationships with our local operating partners in these four cities.
A substantial majority of our revenues are currently generated from our operations in four major cities in China: Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing and Shenzhen. These four cities in the aggregate accounted for 41% and 83% of our total revenues in 2006 and 2007, respectively. We expect to continue to generate a substantial portion of our revenues from these four cities. If any of these cities experiences an event negatively affecting its mobile digital television advertising industry, such as a serious economic downturn, a decline in the use of mass transportation systems, changes in government policy, a natural disaster or change in advertising preferences, our advertising network and our ability to generate adequate cash flow would be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if we fail to maintain our relationships with the local operating partners in any of these cities, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.
Our quarterly operating results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly from period to period in the future.
Our quarterly operating results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly from period to period based on the seasonality of consumer spending and advertising trends in China or other factors. Factors that are likely to cause our operating results to fluctuate include:
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| our ability to maintain and increase sales to existing advertising clients, attract new advertising clients and satisfy our clients demands; |
| the frequency of our clients advertisements on our network; |
| the price we charge for our advertising time or changes in our pricing strategies or the pricing strategies of our competitors; |
| effects of strategic alliances, potential acquisitions and other business combinations, and our ability to successfully and timely integrate them into our business; |
| technical difficulties, system downtime or interruptions; |
| changes in government regulations in relation to the advertising industry; and |
| economic and geopolitical conditions in China and elsewhere. |
Many of the factors discussed above are beyond our control, making our quarterly results difficult to predict, which could cause the trading price of our ADSs to decline below investor expectations. You should not rely on our operating results for prior periods as an indication of our future results. If our revenues for a particular quarter are lower than expected, we may be unable to reduce our operating expenses for that quarter by a corresponding amount, which would harm our operating results for that quarter relative to our operating results from other quarters.
Failure to manage our growth could strain our management, operational and other resources, which could materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.
We have been expanding our operations and plan to continue to expand rapidly in China. To meet the demand of advertisers for a broader network coverage, we must continue to expand our network by installing more digital television displays on buses and other mass transportation vehicles in the cities in which we currently operate and by entering into other target cities. We also plan to expand our network within and beyond mass transportation systems. For example, we plan to expand our network to include additional media platforms, such as personal mobile devices and in-building displays. The continued growth of our business has resulted in, and will continue to result in, substantial demand on our management, operational and other resources. In particular, the management of our growth will require, among other things:
| increased sales and sales support activities; |
| our ability to develop and improve our existing administrative and operational systems; |
| information technology system enhancement; |
| stringent cost controls and sufficient working capital; |
| strengthening of financial and management controls; |
| our ability to secure a reliable supply of digital television displays for our network, which are manufactured by third-party suppliers according to our specifications; and |
| hiring and training of new personnel. |
As we continue this effort, we may incur substantial costs and expend substantial resources. We may not be able to manage our current or future operations effectively and efficiently or compete effectively in new markets we enter. If we are not able to manage our growth successfully, our business and prospects would be materially and adversely affected.
We depend substantially on the continuing efforts of our executive officers, and our business and prospects may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.
Our future success is dependent on the continued services of key members of our management team. In particular, our future success is dependent upon the continued service of Limin Li, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer and our largest shareholder. We rely on his experience in our business operations, and in particular, his business vision, management skills, and working relationships with our employees, our other major shareholders, many of our clients and our local operating partners. We face competition for personnel from other mobile digital television advertising companies or general advertising companies and other organizations. Such competition for these individuals could cause us to offer higher compensation and other benefits in order to attract and retain them, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. We may
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be unable to attract or retain the personnel required to achieve our business objectives and failure to do so could severely disrupt our business and prospects. The process of hiring qualified personnel is also often lengthy. If our recruitment and retention efforts are unsuccessful in the future, it may be more difficult for us to execute our business strategy.
We do not maintain key-person insurance for members of our management team. If we lose the services of any senior management, we may not be able to locate suitable or qualified replacements, and may incur additional expenses to recruit and train new personnel, which could severely disrupt our business and prospects. Furthermore, as we expect to continue expanding our operations and developing new products, we will need to continue attracting and retaining experienced management. In addition, if any of our executive officers joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose some of our customers. Each of our executive officers has entered into an employment agreement with us that contains confidentiality and non-competition provisions. However, if any disputes arise between our executive officers and us, we cannot assure you, in light of uncertainties associated with the PRC legal system, that any of these provisions could be enforced in China, where the majority of our executive officers reside and hold some of their assets.
We may not be able to recruit and retain necessary personnel, particularly sales and marketing personnel, which could have material and adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain senior management, as well as sales, marketing, engineering and other key personnel. Because of intense competition for these employees, we may be unable to attract and retain key technical and managerial personnel. If we are unable to retain our existing personnel, or attract, train, integrate or motivate additional qualified personnel, our growth may be restricted. The loss of any of these key employees could slow our programming, distribution and sales efforts or harm the perception of advertisers, venue providers and investors. We may also incur increased operating expenses by forcing senior executives to divert their attention to recruiting replacements for key personnel.
In particular, we depend on our sales and marketing team to sell advertising time. We market our advertising services directly to advertisers, as well as to advertising agencies. As of December 31, 2007, we had 120 dedicated sales and marketing personnel and ten consultants to support our sales and marketing efforts. We depend on our sales staff to market service offerings to existing and potential clients and to cover a large number of clients in a wide variety of industries. We need to further increase the size of our sales and marketing staff as our business continues to grow. If we are unable to hire, retain, integrate or motivate our current or new marketing personnel, our sales would not be successful and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.
We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may force us to incur substantial legal expenses and could potentially result in judgments against us, which may materially disrupt our business.
We cannot be certain that our advertising content, entertainment content or other aspects of our business do not or will not infringe upon patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. Although we are not aware of any such claims, we may become subject to legal proceedings and claims from time to time relating to the intellectual property of others in the ordinary course of our business. If we are found to have violated the intellectual property rights of others, we may be enjoined from using such intellectual property, and we may incur licensing fees or be forced to develop alternatives. In addition, we may incur substantial expenses in defending against these third party infringement claims, regardless of their merit. Successful infringement or licensing claims against us may result in substantial monetary liabilities, which may materially and adversely disrupt our business.
If we are unable to adapt to evolving advertising trends and preferences of advertisers and viewers, we will not be able to compete effectively.
The market for mobile digital television advertising requires us to continuously identify new advertising trends and the technology needs of advertisers and public viewers, which may require us to develop new features and enhancements for our network. The majority of our displays use LCD screens. We currently air programs and advertisements on our network through the television broadcasting network of our local operating partners or their affiliated television stations. In the future, subject to relevant PRC laws and regulations, we may use other technologies available in the market. We may be required to incur development and acquisition costs in order to keep pace with new technology needs but we may not have the financial resources necessary to fund and implement future technological innovations or to replace obsolete technology. Furthermore, we may fail to respond to these changing technology needs. If we cannot succeed in developing and introducing new features on a timely and cost-effective basis, advertisers demand
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for our advertising time may decrease and we may not be able to compete effectively or attract advertising clients, which would have a material and adverse effect on our business and prospects.
We may need additional capital and we may not be able to obtain it at acceptable terms, or at all, which could adversely affect our liquidity and financial position.
We may need additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments. If these sources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of convertible debt securities or equity securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations and liquidity.
Our ability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including:
| investors perception of, and demand for, securities of alternative advertising media companies; |
| conditions of the U.S. and other capital markets in which we may seek to raise funds; |
| our future results of operations, financial condition and cash flow; |
| PRC governmental regulation of foreign investment in advertising service companies in China; |
| PRC governmental regulation of the mobile digital television industry; |
| economic, political and other conditions in China; and |
| PRC governmental policies relating to foreign currency borrowings. |
We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition. Without additional capital, we may not be able to:
| upgrade our mobile digital television advertising network; |
| further develop or enhance our services; |
| acquire necessary technologies or businesses; |
| expand operations; |
| hire, train and retain employees; |
| market our programs, services and products; or |
| respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated capital requirements. |
We may acquire other companies or assets of other companies as part of our growth strategy, and these acquisitions may expose us to significant business risks.
One of our strategies is to pursue acquisition opportunities which are complementary to our business. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to identify and secure suitable acquisition opportunities. Our ability to effectively consummate and integrate any future acquisitions on terms that are favorable to us may be limited by the number of attractive acquisition targets, internal demand on our resources and, to the extent necessary, our ability to obtain financing on satisfactory terms, if at all, for larger acquisitions.
Moreover, if an acquisition candidate is identified, the third parties with whom we seek to cooperate may not select us as a potential partner or we may not be able to enter into arrangements on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. The negotiation and completion of potential acquisitions, whether or not ultimately consummated, could also require significant diversion of management time and resources and potential disruption of our existing business. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the expected synergies from future acquisitions will actually materialize. In addition, future acquisitions could result in the incurrence of additional indebtedness, costs, and contingent liabilities. Future acquisitions may also expose us to potential risks, including risks associated with:
| the integration of new operations, services and personnel; |
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| unforeseen or hidden liabilities; |
| the diversion of financial or other resources from our existing businesses and technologies; |
| our inability to generate sufficient revenues to recover costs and expenses of the acquisitions; and |
| potential loss of, or harm to, relationships with our employees or customers. |
Any of the above risks could significantly disrupt our ability to manage our business and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights could have a negative impact on our business.
We believe our brand, trade name and other intellectual property are critical to our success. The success of our business depends in part upon our continued ability to use our brand, trade names and trademarks to increase brand awareness and to further develop our brand. The unauthorized reproduction of our trademarks could diminish the value of our brand and its market acceptance, competitive advantages or goodwill. In addition, our information and operational systems, which have not been patented or otherwise registered as our property, are a key component of our competitive advantage and our growth strategy.
Monitoring and preventing the unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult. The measures we take to protect our brand, trade names, trademarks and other intellectual property rights may not be adequate to prevent their unauthorized use by third parties. Furthermore, application of laws governing intellectual property rights in China and abroad is uncertain and evolving, and could involve substantial risks to us. If we are unable to adequately protect our brand, trade names, trademarks and other intellectual property rights, we may lose these rights and our business may suffer.
We rely on computer software and hardware systems in managing our operations, the failure of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are dependent upon our computer software and hardware systems in supporting our network and managing and monitoring programs on the network. In addition, we rely on our computer hardware for the storage, delivery and transmission of the data on our network. Any system failure which interrupts the input, retrieval and transmission of data or increases the service time could disrupt our normal operation. Any failure in our computer software or hardware systems could decrease our revenues and harm our relationships with advertisers and consumers, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have limited insurance coverage for our operations in China.
The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited insurance products. We have determined that the risks of disruption or liability from our business, the loss or damage to our property, including our facilities, equipment and office furniture, the cost of insuring for these risks, and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability, disruption, litigation or property insurance coverage for our operations in China except for insurance on some company- owned vehicles. Any uninsured occurrence of loss or damage to property, or litigation or business disruption may result in the incurrence of substantial costs and the diversion of resources, which could have an adverse effect on our operating results.
We may become a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, which could result in adverse U.S. tax consequences to U.S. investors.
Based upon the past and projected composition of our income and valuation of our assets, including goodwill, we dont believe that we were a passive foreign investment company for 2007, and we do not expect to become one in the future, although there can be no assurance in this regard. If, however, we become a passive foreign investment company, such characterization could result in adverse U.S. tax consequences to you if you are a U.S. investor. For example, if we become a PFIC, our U.S. investors will become subject to increased tax liabilities under U.S. tax laws and regulations and will become subject to burdensome reporting requirements. Our PFIC status is determined on an annual basis and depends on the composition of our income and assets. Specifically, we will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. tax purposes if either: (i) 75% or more of our gross income in a taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of our assets by value in a taxable year which produce or are held for the production of passive income (which
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includes cash) is at least 50%. The calculation of the value of our assets will be based, in part, on the then prevailing market value of our ADSs, which is subject to change. In addition, the composition of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend the cash we raise in our initial public offering. We cannot assure you that we will not be a PFIC for 2008 or any future taxable year.
We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and as a result we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or Section 404, requires that we include a report from management on our internal control over financial reporting in our annual report on Form 20-F beginning with our annual report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2008. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm must report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management or our independent registered public accounting firm may conclude that our internal controls are not effective. Either of these possible outcomes could result in an adverse reaction in the financial marketplace due to a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our reporting processes, which could materially and adversely affect the trading price of our ADSs.
In addition, our reporting obligations as a public company will place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future. We may identify additional control deficiencies as a result of the assessment process we will undertake in compliance with Section 404, including but not limited to internal audit resources and formalized and documented closing and reporting processes. We plan to remediate any identified control deficiencies in time to meet the deadline imposed by the requirements of Section 404, but we may be unable to do so. Our failure to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial reporting processes, which in turn could harm our business and negatively impact the trading price of our ADSs.
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
If the PRC government determines that the agreements establishing the structure for operating our China business do not comply with applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, we could be subject to severe penalties including being prohibited from continuing our operations in the PRC.
The PRC government requires any foreign entities that invest in the advertising services industry to have at least two years of direct operations in the advertising industry outside of China. We have not directly operated any advertising business outside of China and therefore, we currently do not qualify under PRC regulations to directly provide advertising services. In addition, the March 2006 Notice prohibits foreign investment in any mobile digital television operating company in China. We are a Cayman Islands corporation and a foreign legal person under Chinese laws. Accordingly, our subsidiary, China Digital Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., or CDTC, is currently ineligible to apply for the required licenses to provide advertising services in China. Our advertising business is currently provided through our contractual arrangements with our consolidated affiliated entity in China, CDMTV. CDMTV is currently owned by Limin Li and Yanqing Liang and holds the requisite licenses to provide advertising services in China. CDMTV and its subsidiaries directly operate our advertising network, enter into direct investment and exclusive and non-exclusive advertising agency agreements, and sell advertising time to our clients. We have been and expect to continue to be dependent on CDMTV and its subsidiaries to operate our advertising business. We do not have any equity interest in CDMTV but receive the economic benefits of it through various contractual arrangements.
There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, rules and regulations, including but not limited to the laws, rules and regulations governing the validity and enforcement of our contractual arrangements. Although we have been advised by our PRC counsel that the structure for operating our business in China (including our corporate structure and contractual arrangements with CDMTV and its shareholders) complies with all applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and does not violate, breach, contravene or otherwise conflict with any applicable PRC laws, rules or regulations, we cannot assure you that the PRC regulatory authorities will not take a view that is contrary to the above opinion of our PRC counsel, and determine that our corporate structure and contractual arrangements violate PRC laws, rules or regulations. We have been further advised by our PRC counsel that if the PRC government determines that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our PRC advertising businesses do not comply with applicable restrictions on foreign investment in the advertising industry or the mobile digital televisions industry, we may be subject to severe penalties including, among other things, being prohibited from continuing our operations in the PRC.
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If we, CDMTV or any of its current or future subsidiaries, our direct investment entities, or our local operating partners are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities, including the SAIC and SARFT, would have broad discretion in dealing with such violations, including:
| revoking the business and operating licenses of CDMTV or our PRC subsidiary and affiliated entities; |
| discontinuing or restricting the conduct of any related-party transactions between our PRC subsidiary and affiliated entities; |
| imposing fines, confiscating the income of CDMTV or our income, or imposing other requirements with which we or our PRC subsidiary and affiliated entities may not be able to comply; |
| shutting down the network of CDMTV; |
| requiring us or our PRC subsidiary and affiliated entities to restructure our ownership structure or operations; or |
| restricting or prohibiting our use of the proceeds from our initial public offering to finance our business and operations in China. |
The imposition of any of these penalties could result in a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business and our financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on contractual arrangements with CDMTV, our consolidated affiliated entity in China, and its shareholders, which may not be as effective in providing us with operational control or enabling us to derive economic benefits as through ownership of controlling equity interest.
We have in the past relied, and will continue in the future to rely, on contractual arrangements with CDMTV, our consolidated affiliated entity in China, and its shareholders to operate our advertising business. For a description of these contractual arrangements, see the section titled Our Corporate Structure. These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as ownership of controlling equity interest would be in providing us with control over, or enabling us to derive economic benefits from operations of, CDMTV and its subsidiaries. If we had direct ownership of CDMTV and its subsidiaries, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to (i) effect changes in the board of directors of those companies, which in turn could effect changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management level, and (ii) derive economic benefits from operations of CDMTV and its subsidiaries by causing CDMTV and its subsidiaries to declare and pay dividends. However, under the current contractual arrangements, as a legal matter, if CDMTV or any of its subsidiaries and shareholders fails to perform its, his or her respective obligations under these contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and resources to enforce such arrangements, and rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure you will be effective. For example, if shareholders of CDMTV were to refuse to transfer their equity interests in CDMTV to us or our designated persons when we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, we may have to take legal action to compel them to fulfill their contractual obligations.
We expect to continue to depend upon our contractual arrangements with CDMTV and its shareholders to operate our advertising business in China due to the PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investments in our industry. If (i) the applicable PRC authorities invalidate these contractual arrangements for violation of PRC laws, rules and regulations, (ii) CDMTV or its shareholders terminate these contractual arrangements or (iii) CDMTV or its shareholders fail to perform their obligations under these contractual arrangements, we would not be able to continue our business operations in China or to derive economic benefits from operations of CDMTV, and the value of your ADSs would substantially decrease. Further, if we fail to renew these contractual arrangements upon their expiration, we would not be able to continue our business operations unless the then current PRC law allows us to directly operate advertising businesses in China.
In addition, if CDMTV or all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities, which could severely disrupt our business and cause grave damaging effects on our financial condition and results of operations. If CDMTV undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, its
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shareholders or unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of these assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business or derive economic benefits from CDMTV and its subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our business, our ability to generate revenues and the market price of your ADSs.
All of these contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through either arbitration or litigation in the PRC. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exercise effective control over our operating entities, and our ability to conduct our business or derive economic benefits from operations of CDMTV and its subsidiaries may be negatively affected.
The beneficial owners of CDMTV may have potential conflicts of interest with us.
The beneficial owners of CDMTV are also the founders of our company and own a substantial portion of our common shares. Conflicts of interests between their dual roles as beneficial owners of both CDMTV and our company may arise. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise, any or all of these individuals will act in the best interests of our company or that any conflict of interest will be resolved in our favor. In addition, these individuals may breach or cause CDMTV to breach or refuse to renew the existing contractual arrangements that allow us to effectively control CDMTV and receive economic benefits from it. If we cannot resolve any conflicts of interest or disputes between us and the beneficial owners of CDMTV, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, the outcome of which is uncertain and which could be disruptive to our business.
Our contractual arrangements with CDMTV may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and may result in a finding that we owe additional taxes or are ineligible for tax exemption, or both, which could substantially increase our taxes owed and thereby reduce our net income.
Under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audits or challenges by the PRC tax authorities. Neither we nor our PRC counsel are able to determine whether any of these transactions will be regarded by the PRC tax authorities as arms length transactions because, based on our knowledge, the PRC tax authorities have not issued a ruling or interpretation in respect of the type of transaction structure similar to ours. The relevant tax authorities may determine that our contractual relationships with CDMTV were not entered into on an arms length basis. If any of the transactions between CDTC, our wholly owned subsidiary in China, and CDMTV, our affiliated entity, and its shareholders, including our contractual relationships with CDMTV, are determined not to have been entered into on an arms length basis, or are found to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under PRC law, the PRC tax authorities may adjust the profits and losses of CDMTV and assess more taxes on it. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment surcharges and other penalties to CDMTV for underpaid taxes. Our net income may be materially and adversely affected if CDMTVs tax liabilities increase or if it is found to be subject to late payment surcharges or other penalties.
We rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our wholly-owned operating subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our operating subsidiary to pay dividends to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.
We are a holding company, and we rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by CDTC, our PRC operating subsidiary, for our cash requirements, including the funds necessary to service any debt we may incur. If CDTC incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may require us to adjust our taxable income under the contractual arrangements CDTC currently has in place with CDMTV in a manner that would materially and adversely affect CDTCs ability to pay dividends and other distributions to us. Furthermore, relevant PRC laws, rules and regulations permit payments of dividends by CDTC only out of its retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Under PRC laws, rules and regulations, CDTC is also required to set aside a portion of its net income each year to fund specific reserve funds. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends.
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In addition, the statutory general reserve fund requires annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax income to be set aside prior to payment of dividends until the cumulative fund reaches 50% of the registered capital. As a result of these PRC laws, rules and regulations, CDTC is restricted in its ability to transfer a portion of its net assets to us whether in the form of dividends, loans or advances. Any limitation on the ability of our operating subsidiary and consolidated affiliates to pay dividends to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends or otherwise fund and conduct our business.
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
Adverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our products and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.
All of our business operations are conducted in China and all of our sales are made in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are affected significantly by economic, political and legal developments in China. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including:
| the degree of government involvement; |
| the level of development; |
| the growth rate; |
| the control of foreign exchange; |
| access to financing; and |
| the allocation of resources. |
While the Chinese economy has grown significantly in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us.
The Chinese economy has been transitioning from a planned economy to a more market-oriented economy. Although the PRC government has in recent years implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of sound corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of the productive assets in China is still owned by the PRC government. The continued control of these assets and other aspects of the national economy by the PRC government could materially and adversely affect our business. The PRC government also exercises significant control over Chinas economic growth by allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. Since late 2003, the PRC government has implemented a number of measures, such as raising bank reserves against deposit rates to place additional limitations on the ability of commercial banks to make loans and raise interest rates, in order to decrease the growth rate of specific segments of Chinas economy which it believed to be overheating. These actions, as well as future actions and policies of the PRC government, could materially affect our liquidity and access to capital and our ability to operate our business. Substantially all of our assets are located in China and substantially all of our revenues are derived from our operations in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are subject, to a significant extent, to economic, political and legal developments in China.
Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the protections available to you and us.
The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike in common law systems, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. We conduct all of our business through our subsidiary and consolidated affiliates established in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations
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of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involve uncertainties, which may limit legal protections available to us. For example, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce the legal protection that we enjoy either by law or contract. However, since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult than in more developed legal systems to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts we have entered into with our business partners, customers and suppliers. In addition, such uncertainties, including the inability to enforce our contracts, could materially and adversely affect our business and operations. Furthermore, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in China may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. Accordingly, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in the PRC legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the preemption of local regulations by national laws. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us and other foreign investors, including you. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources and management attention.
You may experience difficulties effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in China based on United States or other foreign laws, against us, our management or the experts named in this annual report.
We conduct substantially all of our operations in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, all of our senior executive officers reside within China. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process within the United States or elsewhere outside China upon our senior executive officers, including with respect to matters arising under U.S. federal securities laws or applicable state securities laws. Moreover, our PRC counsel has advised us that the PRC does not have treaties with the United States or many other countries providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of legal judgments.
PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds from our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operating subsidiary and affiliates.
In utilizing the proceeds from our initial public offering, as an offshore holding company of our PRC operating subsidiary and consolidated affiliates, we may make loans to our PRC subsidiary and consolidated affiliated entities, or we may make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary. Any loans to our PRC subsidiary or consolidated PRC affiliated entities are subject to PRC regulations and approvals. For example:
| loans by us to foreign invested enterprises cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, or its local counterparts; and |
| loans by us to domestic PRC enterprises must be approved by the relevant government authorities and must also be registered with SAFE or its local counterparts. |
We may also decide to finance CDTC by means of capital contributions. These capital contributions must be approved by the PRC Ministry of Commerce or its local counterpart. Because CDMTV and its subsidiaries are domestic PRC enterprises, we are not likely to finance their activities by means of capital contributions due to regulatory issues relating to foreign investment in domestic PRC enterprises, as well as licensing and other regulatory issues. We cannot assure you that we can obtain these government registrations or approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans or capital contributions by us to CDMTV or any of its subsidiaries. If we fail to receive such registrations or approvals, our ability to use the proceeds from our initial public offering and to capitalize our PRC operations would be negatively affected, which would adversely and materially affect our liquidity and our ability to expand our business.
Recent PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may increase our administrative burden and restrict our overseas and cross-border investment activity. If our shareholders who are PRC residents fail to make any required applications and filings under such regulations, we may be unable to distribute profits and may become subject to liability under PRC laws.
SAFE issued a public notice in October 2005, or the SAFE notice, requiring PRC residents to register with the local SAFE branch before establishing or controlling any company outside of China for the purpose of capital financing with assets or equities of PRC companies, referred to in the notice as an offshore special purpose company. PRC residents who are shareholders of offshore special purpose companies established before November 9, 2007 were required to register with the local SAFE branch before
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March 31, 2006. The SAFE notice further requires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the offshore special purpose company, including an initial public offering by such company. Limin Li and Yanqing Liang, our shareholders who are PRC citizens, have registered with the local SAFE branch as required by the SAFE notice and are required to amend their registration to reflect recent developments of our company and our PRC subsidiary. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC citizens to amend their SAFE registrations in a timely fashion pursuant to the SAFE notice or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in the SAFE notice may subject such beneficial owners to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary, limit the ability of our PRC subsidiary to distribute dividends to our company or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business.
On December 25, 2006, the Peoples Bank of China promulgated the Measure for the Administration of Individual Foreign Exchange, and on January 5, 2007, the SAFE promulgated the implementation rules on those measures. Pursuant to these regulations, PRC citizens who have been granted shares or share options by an overseas listed company according to its employee share option or share incentive plan are required, through a qualified PRC agent which may be the PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company, to register with the SAFE and complete certain other procedures related to the share option or share incentive plan. Foreign exchange income received from the sale of shares or dividends distributed by the overseas listed company must be remitted into a foreign currency account of such PRC citizen or be exchanged into Renminbi. Our PRC citizen employees who have been granted share options, or PRC optionees, are subject to these regulations. If we or our PRC optionees fail to comply with these regulations, we or our PRC optionees may be subject to fines and legal or administrative sanctions.
If any of our PRC affiliates becomes the subject of a bankruptcy or liquidation proceeding, we may lose the ability to use and enjoy those assets, which could reduce the size of our advertising network and materially and adversely affect our business, ability to generate revenues and the market price of our ADSs.
To comply with PRC laws, rules and regulations relating to foreign ownership restrictions in the advertising business, we currently conduct our operations in China through contractual arrangements with CDMTV, its shareholders and subsidiaries. As part of these arrangements, CDMTV and its subsidiaries hold some of the assets that are important to the operation of our business. If any of these entities become bankrupt and all or part of their assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If CDMTV or any of its subsidiaries undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, its shareholders or unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of their assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, our ability to generate revenues and the market price of our ADSs.
Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.
The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive all our revenues in Renminbi. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from our PRC subsidiary. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiary to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency-denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from trade related transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from SAFE or its local branch is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may also, at its discretion, restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs.
Fluctuations in exchange rates could result in foreign currency exchange losses.
The exchange rate between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar, Euro and other foreign currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in Chinas political and economic conditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the Renminbi is permitted to fluctuate within
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a narrow and managed band against a basket of foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in significant appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar.
There remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt a more flexible currency policy, which could result in a further and more significant appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar. As we rely on dividends paid to us by our operating subsidiary, any significant revaluation of the Renminbi may have a material adverse effect on the value of, and dividends payable on, our ADSs in foreign currency terms. To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from our initial public offering into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our common shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. In addition, appreciation or depreciation in the value of the Renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial results reported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be aggravated by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency.
The discontinuation of any preferential tax treatment currently available to us and the increase in the PRC enterprise income tax could decrease our net income and materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our operating subsidiary and consolidated affiliates are incorporated in the PRC and are governed by applicable PRC income tax laws and regulations. The new PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law, was enacted on March 16, 2007 and became effective on January 1, 2008. The implementation regulations under the EIT Law issued by the PRC State Council became effective January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law and the implementation regulations, the PRC has adopted a uniform tax rate of 25% for all enterprises (including foreign-invested enterprises) and revoked the previous tax exemption, reduction and preferential treatments applicable to foreign-invested enterprises. However, there is a transition period for enterprises, whether foreign-invested or domestic, that received preferential tax treatments granted by relevant tax authorities prior to January 1, 2008. Enterprises that were subject to an enterprise income tax rate lower than 25% prior to January 1, 2008 may continue to enjoy the lower rate and gradually transition to the new tax rate within five years after the effective date of the EIT Law.
Located in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zones in the PRC, CDTC and CDMTV are allowed to enjoy a preferential tax rate of 15%. In addition, CDMTV has been recognized as a culture enterprise and thus its headquarters are entitled to full exemption from enterprise income tax from 2005 to 2008. The PRC Ministry of Finance and State Administration of Taxation issued a circular Notice on preferential tax treatment of enterprise income tax in February 2008. The circular stipulates that a newly established culture enterprise could enjoy the corporate income tax exemption treatment which has been approved by the authorities until the end of its tax holiday. CDMTV has already obtained the tax exemption approval certificate for year 2008. CDMTVs sales branches located in various cities in the PRC are subject to enterprise income tax at standard rate. However, we cannot assure you that the current preferential tax treatments enjoyed by our PRC operating subsidiary and consolidated affiliated entities will continue. Any further legislative changes to the tax laws and or regulations could discontinue the preferential tax treatments enjoyed by them, and CDMTV may no longer be treated as a culture enterprise in future years by applicable authorities and become subject to increased income tax rate. The increase in the enterprise income tax rate applicable to our operating subsidiary and consolidated affiliated entities in the PRC resulted from either of the forgoing would decrease our net income and materially and adversely affect our financial conditions and results of operations.
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We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the new EIT Law, which may subject us to PRC income tax for any dividends we receive from our subsidiary and withholding for any dividends we pay to our non-PRC shareholders and ADS holders.
Under the EIT Law, enterprises established outside of China whose de facto management bodies are located in China are considered resident enterprises, and are generally subject to the uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate for their global income. Under the implementation regulations to the EIT Law issued by the PRC State Council, de facto management body is defined as a body that has material and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human resources, finances and treasury, and acquisition and disposition of properties and other assets of an enterprise. If we are required to pay income tax for any dividends we receive from our subsidiary, the amount of dividends we can pay to our shareholders and ADS holders could be materially reduced.
Furthermore, unlike the Income Tax Law for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprise currently in effect, which specifically exempts withholding tax on any dividends payable to non-PRC investors, the EIT Law and implementation regulations provide that an income tax rate of 10% is normally applicable to dividends payable to non-PRC investors which are derived from sources within China, although such income tax may be exempted or reduced by the State Counsel of the PRC or pursuant to a tax treaty between China and the jurisdictions in which our non-PRC shareholders reside. It is unclear whether any dividends payable to non-PRC investors will be deemed to be derived from sources within China and be subject to PRC income tax. If we are required under the EIT Law to withhold income tax on dividends payable to our non-PRC shareholders and ADS holders, the value of your investment may be materially and adversely affected.
Gains from the investment in our shares or ADSs may become subject to PRC income taxes.
Under the EIT Law, our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders may be subject to a 20% income tax upon any gains they realize from the sale of our common shares or ADSs, if such gains are regarded as income from sources within the PRC. Such tax may be exempted pursuant to a tax treaty between China and the jurisdictions in which our non-PRC shareholders reside. Since no rules or guidance concerning the EIT law has been issued, it is unclear what will constitute income derived from sources within the PRC. In addition, it is not clear whether there will be any exemption or reduction in taxation for our non-PRC investors. If you are required to pay PRC income tax on gains realized from their investments in our shares or ADSs, the value of your investment in our ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.
We face risks related to health epidemics and other outbreaks.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected by the outbreak of avian influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, or another epidemic. In 2005 and 2006, there were reports on the occurrences of avian influenza in various parts of China, including a few confirmed human cases and deaths. Any prolonged recurrence of avian influenza, SARS or other adverse public health developments in China may significantly reduce the number of passengers using mass transportation systems and the effectiveness of advertisements shown on our network. This in turn may have a material and adverse effect on our business operations. We have not adopted any written preventive measures to combat any future outbreak of avian influenza, SARS or any other epidemic.
Risks Related to Our Common Shares and ADSs
The market price for our ADSs may be volatile which could result in a loss to you.
The market price for our ADSs is likely to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors, including:
| actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results; |
| regulatory developments in China affecting us, our industry, our corporate structure or our advertisers; |
| announcements of competitive developments; |
| announcements regarding litigation or administrative proceedings involving us; |
| changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts; |
| changes in the economic performance or market valuations of companies with comparable businesses; |
| addition or departure of our executive officers; |
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| release or expiry of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding common shares or ADSs; and |
| sales or perceived sales of additional common shares or ADSs. |
In addition, the securities market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also have a material adverse effect on the market price of our ADSs.
Substantial future sales or perceived sales of our ADSs in the public market could cause the price of our ADSs to decline.
Sales of our ADSs or common shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our ADSs to decline. As of December 31, 2007, we had 68,386,838 common shares outstanding, including 13,500,000 common shares represented by 13,500,000 ADSs sold in our initial public offering. We and all of our institutional shareholders, directors and executive officers have entered into the lock-up agreements, which cover an aggregate of 68,144,088 common shares as of December 31, 2007. The locked up common shares will be available for sale upon the expiration of certain lock-up arrangements. In addition, common shares that certain option holders will receive when they exercise their share options will not be available for sale until the expiration of any relevant lock-up periods, subject to volume and other restrictions that may be applicable under Rule 144 and Rule 701 under the Securities Act. We cannot predict what effect, if any, market sales of securities held by our significant shareholders or any other shareholder, or the availability of these securities for future sale, will have on the market price of our ADSs.
In addition, certain of our shareholders or their transferees and assignees have the right to cause us to register the sale of their shares under the Securities Act upon the occurrence of certain circumstances. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in these shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration. Sales of these registered shares in the public market could cause the price of our ADSs to decline.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents may discourage acquisition of our company by a third party, which could limit our shareholders opportunity to sell their shares at a premium.
Our current memorandum and articles of association includes provisions that could limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company, modify our structure or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction.
For example, our board of directors have the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix the powers and rights of these shares, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our common shares. Preferred shares could thus be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control or make removal of management more difficult. In addition, if our board of directors issues preferred shares, the market price of our common shares may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our common shares may be adversely affected.
We are a Cayman Islands company and, because judicial precedent regarding the rights of shareholders is more limited under Cayman Islands law than under U.S. law, you may have less protection of your shareholder rights than you would under U.S. law.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the Cayman Islands Companies Law (as amended) and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. In addition, some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands.
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Furthermore, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. As a result, public shareholders may have more difficulties in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as shareholders of a Delaware company.
Judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.
We are a Cayman Islands company and substantially all of our assets are located outside of the United States. All of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us or our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents of the United States and whose assets are located, in substantial portion, outside of the United States. Moreover, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts against us or our directors and officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether Cayman Islands or PRC courts would be competent to hear original actions brought in the Cayman Islands or the PRC against us or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.
We have not determined a specific use for a portion of our net proceeds from our initial public offering and we may use these proceeds in ways with which you may not agree.
We have not determined a specific use for a portion of our net proceeds from our initial public offering. Our management have considerable discretion in the application of these proceeds received by us. You will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. You must rely on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds from our initial public offering. The net proceeds may be used for corporate purposes that do not improve our profitability or increase our ADS price. The net proceeds from our initial public offering may also be placed in investments that do not produce income or lose value.
Holders of ADSs have fewer rights than shareholders and must act through the depositary to exercise their rights.
Holders of our ADSs do not have the same rights as our shareholders and may only exercise voting rights with respect to the underlying common shares in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Under our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the minimum notice period required to convene a general meeting is seven days. When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient notice of a shareholders meeting to permit you to withdraw your common shares and allow you to cast your vote with respect to any specific matter. In addition, the depositary and its agents may not be able to send voting instructions to you or carry out your voting instructions in a timely manner. We will make all reasonable efforts to cause the depositary to extend voting rights to you in a timely manner, but we cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote your ADSs. Furthermore, the depositary and its agents will not be responsible for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote, for the manner in which any vote is cast or for the effect of any such vote. As a result, you may not be able to exercise your right to vote and you may lack recourse if your ADSs are not voted as you requested. In addition, in your capacity as an ADS holder, you will not be able to call a shareholders meeting.
The depositary for our ADSs will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our common shares underlying your ADSs if you do not vote at shareholders meetings, except in limited circumstances, which could adversely affect your interests.
Under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, the depositary will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our common shares underlying your ADSs at shareholders meetings if you do not vote, unless:
| we have failed to provide the depositary with our notice of meeting and related voting materials in a timely fashion; |
| we have instructed the depositary that we do not wish a discretionary proxy to be given; |
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| we have informed the depositary that there is substantial opposition to a matter to be voted on at the meeting; or |
| a matter to be voted on at the meeting would have a material adverse impact on shareholders. |
The effect of this discretionary proxy is that you cannot prevent our common shares underlying your ADSs from being voted, absent the situations described above, and it may make it more difficult for shareholders to influence the management of our company. Holders of our common shares are not subject to this discretionary proxy.
You may be subject to limitations on transfers of your ADSs.
Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time, or from time to time, when it deems appropriate in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deems it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement or for any other reason.
Your right to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to your holdings and you may not receive cash dividends if it is impractical to make them available to you.
We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we cannot make rights available to you in the United States unless we register the rights and the securities to which they relate under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirements is available. Also, under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not make rights available to you unless either the rights and any related securities are both registered under the Securities Act, or the distribution of them to ADS holders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective. Moreover, we may not be able to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, you may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in your holdings.
In addition, the depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on our common shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of common shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary may, at its discretion, decide that it is impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, the depositary may determine that it is not practicable to distribute certain property through the mail, or that the value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of mailing them. In these cases, the depositary may decide not to distribute such property and you will not receive such distribution.
ITEM 4. | INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY |
A. | History and Development of the Company |
We commenced operations through CDMTV, a limited liability company established in China on April 8, 2005. CDMTV is currently 70% owned by Limin Li, our co-founder, chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive officer, and 30% owned by Yanqing Liang, our co-founder. Both Limin Li and Yanqing Liang are PRC citizens. CDMTV and its subsidiaries hold the licenses and permits necessary to operate our businesses and provide our advertising services in China.
Our company was incorporated as CDMTV Holding Company in the Cayman Islands on January 27, 2006 by our co-founders, Limin Li and Yanqing Liang. On August 13, 2007, we changed our companys name to VisionChina Media Inc. On March 9, 2006, we established our wholly owned subsidiary, CDTC, in Shenzhen.
Due to PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investments in the advertising and mobile digital television industries, we operate our advertising business in China through CDMTV. Our relationships with CDMTV and its shareholders are governed by a series of contractual arrangements that allow us to effectively control and derive economic benefits from CDMTV. Accordingly, we treat CDMTV as a variable interest entity and have consolidated its historical financial results in our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
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On December 6, 2007, our ADSs were listed on the Nasdaq Global Market.
Our principal executive offices are located at 1/F Block No. 7, Champs Elysees, Nongyuan Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518040, Peoples Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is (86 755) 8293-2222 and our fax number is (86 755) 8298-1111. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the offices of M&C Corporate Services Limited, P.O Box 309GT, Ugland House, South Church Street, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. Our principal website is www.visionchina.cn. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.
B. | Business Overview |
Overview
We believe that we operate the largest out-of-home advertising network using real-time mobile digital television broadcasts to deliver content and advertising on mass transportation systems in China based on the number of displays. We operate our advertising business in China through our consolidated affiliated entity, China Digital Mobile Television Co., Ltd., or CDMTV, due to PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investments in the advertising and mobile digital television industries. Our relationships with CDMTV and its shareholders are governed by a series of contractual arrangements that allow us to effectively control and derive substantially all of the economic benefits from CDMTV. Our mobile digital television advertising network, or our network, which delivers real-time content provided by the local television stations in addition to advertising, differentiates us from other out-of-home advertising networks in China, and we believe this facilitates our future expansion into different advertising media platforms. Our advertising network consists of digital television displays located on buses and other selected locations that receive mobile digital television broadcasts of real- time content and advertising. As of December 31, 2007, our network covered 14 economically prosperous cities in China and consisted of approximately 41,500 digital television displays. In addition, we have expanded the geographic reach of our advertising operations by purchasing advertising time on existing mobile digital television networks in cities outside of our network to place advertisements pursuant to the demands of our clients. As a supplement to our mobile digital television advertising network, we also operate a stationary advertising platform in subway stations in two major cities in China, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.
We believe that our network delivers substantial value for our advertising clients by reaching the targeted mobile audience in an enclosed environment conducive to capturing their attention. We also believe that the combination of our advertising content along with real-time news and stock quotes, weather and traffic updates, sports highlights and other programs displayed on our network makes the audience more receptive to the advertisements on our network and ultimately makes the advertisements more effective for our advertising clients. In addition, the real-time broadcasting capability of our network allows us to utilize our network to disseminate public-interest messages and programs that promote the general welfare of society and other urgent messages during emergency situations such as typhoons, earthquakes or other events that concern public safety.
We currently place our digital television displays primarily on buses. As many urban areas in China face increasing traffic congestion, many people endure a long average daily commute time. Therefore, we believe that our network offers our clients the advantages of both traditional television and out-of-home advertising media by capturing the attention of the audience in out-of-home locations with real-time broadcasts of programs.
We principally derive revenues by selling advertising time during breaks in between the programs on our network. In addition, we have the ability to sell soft advertising time embedded in the programs. We charge our advertising clients by the broadcasting time of the advertisement in each city where they want to place their advertisement. We divide our cities into different price categories based on a variety of factors including the number of installed displays, population, demand and consumer purchasing power.
We use the following business models for our mobile digital television advertising operations in China:
| Exclusive agency model refers to our arrangements with terms ranging from four years to twelve years in eight cities, Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Taiyuan and Wuxi. In Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Nanjing and Shenzhen, we have entered into an exclusive advertising agency agreement with the partner local mobile digital television company that gives us the exclusive right to sell all of the advertising time on the our local partners mobile |
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digital television network located on buses. Those buses are operated by bus companies that have entered into contracts with our local partners, or, in the case of Guangzhou, those buses are operated by a number of bus companies with which we expect to enter into contracts through our local affiliate by June 2008. Our exclusive agency arrangement in Wuxi that gives us the exclusive right to sell a portion of the advertising time on Wuxis mobile digital television network does not include sales of advertising time to advertisers from Wuxi. |
| Direct investment model refers to our arrangements in 11 cities where we and a partner local television station, or its affiliate, have formed a jointly-owned mobile digital television operating company in which we hold a minority equity interest. We refer to these jointly-owned mobile digital television operating companies as direct investment entities in this annual report. This model gives us the opportunity to work in conjunction with the local television station to provide programs to meet the demands of our audience and advertising clients. In some of our cities, such as Chengdu, Ningbo, Shenzhen and Wuxi, we have entered into an exclusive agency agreement with our direct investment entity to secure the exclusive right to sell advertising time on that network. For the cities where we have not entered into an exclusive agency agreement, we purchase advertising time from our direct investment entities and resell them to our advertising clients. This model also facilitates our entry into other advertising media platforms such as displays located in government buildings. |
| Outreach agency model refers to our operations in other cities where we purchase advertising time from an existing mobile digital television company outside of our network, either directly or through an agent at the request of our clients. This model works in conjunction with our network arrangements to extend the reach of our advertising operations to cover substantially all of the major advertising markets in China. |
Through December 31, 2007, more than 300 advertisers had purchased advertising time on our network either directly or through an advertising agent. We have the ability to place advertisements in one or more cities, both within and beyond our network, according to their demands. As of December 31, 2007, we have placed advertisements in 26 cities across China. Our top two international brand name advertisers, Yum! Brands, Inc. (whose brand portfolio includes KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell) and Spalding Group, in aggregate accounted for approximately 3% of our advertising service revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007. Our top five domestic brand name advertisers, JinHou Group Co., Guangxi Wuzhou Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jilin Wutaigankang Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Nice Group Co., Ltd. and China Citic Bank in aggregate accounted for approximately 31% of our advertising service revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007. We have grown significantly since our inception in April 2005. We generated total revenues of US$3.9 million in 2006 and US$29.4million in 2007. We achieved a net income of US$9.4 million in 2007, compared to a net loss of US$4.1 million in 2006.
Selected Operating Data
The following table presents certain selected operating data of our company for the dates and periods indicated:
As of December 31, | ||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | ||||
Selected Operating Data: |
||||||
Number of digital television displays in our mobile digital television advertising network: |
||||||
Exclusive agency cities |
| 9,291 | 31,476 | |||
Direct investment cities |
667 | 7,518 | 9,726 | |||
Total |
667 | 16,809 | 41,202 | |||
Number of digital displays in our stationary advertising platform |
| | 208 |
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For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||
2006 | 2007 | |||
Total hours of broadcasting(1) |
30,640 | 77,925 | ||
Average revenue per hour(1)(2) (US$) |
56 | 341 | ||
Average advertising minutes sold per hour |
1.08 | 7.04 |
(1) | Includes all of the cities in our network and stationary advertising platform. |
(2) | We calculate average revenues per hour by dividing our advertising service revenues derived from our network and stationary advertising platform by the total hours of broadcasting in the cities of our network and stationary advertising platform. |
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe that we have the following competitive strengths:
The Largest Mobile Digital Television Advertising Network Operator Covering Mass Transportation in China Based on the Number of Displays
We believe that our early market presence and large-scale mobile digital television advertising network provide us with a competitive advantage over our existing and future competitors.
| Early market presence. We were one of the first companies to establish a large-scale mobile digital television advertising network in the mass transportation systems of major Chinese cities, such as Beijing, Chengdu, Nanjing and Shenzhen. By recognizing this market opportunity and entering into this sector early, we have secured long-term contracts with key licensed mobile digital television companies and established barriers to entry for potential competitors. Through our exclusive agency advertising agreements and direct investment agreements, we secured the rights to place advertisements on local mobile digital television networks in many of the most economically prosperous cities in China. We believe that this early market presence provides us with a substantial advantage because PRC regulatory authorities typically only permit a maximum of two mobile digital television operators in each city. Since many cities only have one authorized local mobile digital television network, we control a substantial portion of the market for advertising on the local mobile digital television network in the cities where we have signed exclusive agency and direct investment agreements. |
| Large-scale, national network that attracts advertising clients. We believe that we operate the largest out-of-home real-time mobile digital television advertising network covering mass transportation in China based on the number of displays in our network. Our mobile digital television advertising network includes digital television displays located in the mass transportation system of 15 cities throughout China. We believe that our broad geographic coverage and our strong presence in many major cities in China, such as Beijing, Chengdu, Nanjing and Shenzhen, make us attractive to advertisers who wish to reach diverse consumers in cities across China. Our extensive operations offer our advertising clients the ability to reach a wide audience in urban consumer markets across China and provide the convenience of a one-stop solution for the simultaneous placement of advertising in multiple cities. We believe the size and scope of our network have attained a scale that draws advertising clients to our network, resulting in our ability to charge higher advertising costs as compared to local broadcasting networks. |
Real-time Ability to Deliver Time-specific and Location-based Content and Advertising
We believe that our advertising network provides our advertising clients with an effective method of delivering advertising to an audience drawn by real-time broadcasts of news and entertainment. Many traditional advertising platforms suffer from a phenomenon known as advertiser fatigue, where viewers begin to tune out the repeated advertisements. Our network delivers real-time advertising mixed with the real-time content provided by the local television stations, and we believe this gives us a significant competitive advantage over other out-of-home advertising companies, which normally replay the same ten to fifteen minutes of content throughout the day. Our network delivers a wide variety of programs provided by the local television stations including real- time news and stock quotes, weather and traffic updates, sports highlights and other entertainment programs. The real-time programs on our network provide unique entertainment interspersed with advertising to capture the attention of passengers during their daily commutes. Our platform also allows the local television stations to provide location-based content and advertising tailored to the
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targeted city with scrolling news bars to display the latest news. Additionally, our platform gives us the ability to vary the content and advertisements throughout the day. For example, during typical school commuting hours, the network can broadcast programs and advertising targeted toward youth, and during typical office commuting hours, the network can broadcast programs and advertising targeted toward adults. We believe this provides us with a competitive advantage over other out-of-home advertising networks that must rely on the same recycled content throughout the day. In addition, the real-time broadcasting platform reduces the ongoing maintenance costs for operating our network. Unlike other out-of-home advertising networks in China that require manual labor to update the content on a regular basis, our digital television displays installed on buses receive content over the airwaves through real-time transmissions of the programming. In addition, the real-time broadcasting capability of our network allows us to utilize our network to disseminate public-interest messages and programs that promote the general welfare of society and other urgent messages during emergency situations such as typhoons, earthquakes or other events that concern public safety.
Exclusive and Long-term Contractual Arrangements
We believe the following factors create high barriers to entry for our existing and prospective competitors:
| Long-term and exclusive agreements to secure the ability to place advertisements in conjunction with real-time content. We have established long-term agreements with our exclusive agency partners. Our exclusive agency agreements, which typically have a term ranging from four years to 12 years, grant us the right to place advertisements on mobile digital television networks. This enables us to effectively control a substantial portion of the mobile digital television advertising market in economically prosperous cities in China and create barriers to entry for significant lengths of time. |
| Long-term and exclusive agreements with bus companies to install digital television displays. In most of our exclusive agency and direct investment cities, we directly or indirectly maintain long- term placement agreements with major local bus companies which give us the exclusive right to install and operate digital television displays that receive mobile digital television broadcasts. Most of these long-term agreements have a term ranging from four years to 12 years. Our exclusive right to install and maintain digital television displays on the buses of many major cities in China provides us with a competitive advantage and creates a barrier to entry for potential competitors for significant lengths of time. |
| Long-term contractual arrangements with local television stations to establish our direct investment entities. We have entered into long-term contractual arrangements with local television stations in our direct investment cities to establish the direct investment entities together. These long- term contractual arrangements have a term of ten years or longer, and give us the right to use their broadcasting infrastructure and radio frequencies required for mobile digital television operations. |
We believe that the broad coverage of our network in many economically prosperous cities in China and our exclusive long-term arrangements with both the licensed mobile digital television companies and the bus companies create higher barriers to entry for potential competitors compared to other out-of-home advertising business models.
Highly Effective Advertising Solution with Content
Our mobile digital television advertising network provides an effective method for our advertising clients to reach a large audience with a relatively low CPM. Many cities in China face increasing traffic congestion and long daily average commute times. We believe that our network delivers substantial value for our advertising clients by reaching the targeted audience during a period of time when they remain in an enclosed environment with few other forms of entertainment to compete for their attention. We believe that our combination of providing advertising with entertaining content rather than merely advertising differentiates us from other out-of-home advertising networks in China.
Our direct investment operations with the local television stations in certain cities enable us to suggest unique content and programs to our direct investment entities. The programming on our network includes news and entertainment shows to capture the attention of commuters riding the mass transportation system on a daily basis. In addition, our ability to include programs on our network allows us to derive additional advertising revenues from sales of soft advertising embedded in the programs and
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sponsorships of the programs. As a result, we believe that our medium for advertising yields more effective results than other out-of-home advertising media and offers significant value for our advertising clients. Furthermore, our real-time broadcast platform offers more flexibility for our advertising clients to update content frequently compared to billboard advertising or out-of-home advertising networks that replay a fixed cycle of content repeatedly throughout the day. We believe that our mobile digital television advertising network offers the advantages of both traditional television and out-of-home advertising networks by capturing the attention of the audience with our real-time broadcasts of programming and by reaching the audience in the mass transportation system.
As a result, our network has attracted a large number of blue-chip companies to purchase advertising time either directly or through an agent pursuant to contracts with an average duration of approximately three months. Our top two international brand name advertisers, Yum! Brands, Inc. (whose brand portfolio includes KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell) and Spalding Group, in aggregate accounted for approximately 3% of our advertising service revenues in 2007. Our top five domestic brand name advertisers, JinHou Group Co., Guangxi Wuzhou Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jilin Wutaigankang Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Nice Group Co., Ltd. and China Citic Bank in aggregate accounted for approximately 31% of our advertising service revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007. We believe that the strength of our customer base and our long-term advertising contracts reflect our customers confidence in the effectiveness of our advertising network.
Strong Management and Sales Team with Extensive Experience
We have an experienced management team. In particular, Limin Li, our founder, chairman, chief executive officer and a major shareholder, was one of the first private investors to enter into the mobile digital television industry. Xiaowei Chen, our chief strategy officer, brings us technical expertise and extensive industry experience. Dina Liu, our chief financial officer, who previously worked as a partner at Ernst & Young Hua Ming, an international accounting firm, brings us her extensive experience with U.S. GAAP and developing effective controls over financial reporting. In addition, we have assembled a sales team with extensive industry experience. The members of our sales and marketing teams have an average of five years of experience in the advertising industry in China and have worked for a number of major domestic and international advertising firms in China. Our sales team has developed a solid track record in the industry and with our major advertising clients. Since our inception in 2005, our management team has led the rapid growth of our company and successfully established our mobile digital television advertising network in a short span of time. We believe that the strength and experience of our management team have enabled us to rapidly expand our advertising network, enhance our reputation in the industry and build a strong client base.
Our Strategies
Our objectives are to strengthen our position as the largest mobile digital television advertising network and to become a provider of comprehensive digital media advertising services in China. We intend to achieve these objectives by implementing the following strategies:
Expand the Coverage and Penetration of Our National Network
We intend to expand the coverage and penetration of our mobile digital television advertising network in order to create barriers to expansion and entry for current and prospective competitors. Additionally, we intend to enhance our networks critical mass appeal to our advertisers, and increase our fee rates and revenues.
| Strengthen our early mover advantage by expanding our network in existing cities. We plan to expand the reach of our mobile digital television advertising network by increasing the number of digital television displays in our network to reach a larger audience. For the mass transportation companies where we already have the display placement rights, we will continue to install our digital television displays on buses not previously equipped with our displays. We also intend to enter into new placement agreements with other bus companies to install our digital television displays in each of our exclusive agency cities and direct investment cities. We will strive to continually expand our network to provide comprehensive coverage of the mass transportation systems in each of our cities. |
| Expand into new cities through direct investment or exclusive agency agreements. We view the nationwide reach of our network as a cornerstone of our competitive strength. We will seek to expand our network into new cities using either a direct investment model or an exclusive agency model. Our exclusive agency agreements with direct investment partners typically grant us the exclusive right to control all of the advertising time on a mobile digital television advertising |
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network. If a local television station already has formed a mobile digital television company, we will try to sign an exclusive agency agreement with the existing company or purchase advertising time pursuant to the specific demand of our clients. Regardless of which business model we use to expand our network, our goals are to expand our mobile digital television advertising network in order to expand our nationwide coverage and to provide our advertising clients with a wider distribution network for their advertisements. |
We typically charge our advertising clients a fixed price for broadcasting an advertisement over our network in a particular city. We adjust our fee rates from time to time based on a number of factors, including the size of our network and the estimated audience reached in each city. Accordingly, we believe that expanding our network will lead to higher actual prices for our advertising time and, consequently, increased revenues.
Maximize our Average Revenues per Hour
We track our performance by measuring the average revenues per hour for all of the cities of our mobile digital television advertising network, and we will implement the following measures to maximize our average revenues per hour:
| Attract national and international brand name advertisers to purchase our advertising time. We believe that our marketing efforts aimed at national and international brand name advertisers will help increase the utilization of our advertising time and provide us with higher revenues. Since each city broadcasts a unique mixture of advertising and content, we offer our advertising clients the ability to broadcast advertising content on our network in one city or any combination of the cities where we place advertisements. We will primarily focus our sales and marketing efforts on national and international brand names to provide one-stop advertising solutions for our advertisers to place their advertisements in various cities across China. We also intend to further penetrate the local advertising markets by appealing to local advertisers who typically utilize other types of advertising media in those cities. |
| Deliver high quality programs that attract our audience. We will continue to provide suggestions to the local television stations to locate entertainment programs suitable for syndication and broadcasting on all of the local mobile digital television networks in the cities where we operate. The local television stations may also look in other international markets to locate original programs and edit the content to conform to all applicable PRC laws and regulations governing content. In addition, the real-time broadcasting capability of our network allows us to utilize our network to disseminate public-interest messages and programs that promote the general welfare of society and other urgent messages during emergency situations such as typhoons, earthquakes or other events that concern public safety. We believe that improving the appeal of the programming on our network will make our advertising platform more effective and increase our average revenues per hour. |
| Increase sales of soft advertising embedded in the programs and offer sponsorships of the programs. We intend to increase our efforts to offer programs that embed advertising, such as strategic product placements or infomercials. In addition, we may also derive revenues from selling sponsorships for each of the programs on our network. These additional advertising opportunities will increase our average revenues per hour by expanding our advertising beyond the traditional time in between programs. |
Continue to Pursue Exclusive Arrangements with Additional Mobile Digital Television Companies
In order to create additional barriers to entry and expansion for our competitors, we will continue to secure exclusive agreements with the mobile digital television companies to exclusively control all of the advertising time available. We strive to establish exclusive agency agreements with all of the mobile digital television companies in our network. For the direct investment cities, we will attempt to enter into exclusive agency agreements with each direct investment entity after demand for advertising time on that network grows to a sufficient level. Our exclusive agency agreement with our direct investment entity in Wuxi became effective on October 1, 2007. Our exclusive agency arrangement in Wuxi that gives us the exclusive right to sell a portion of the advertising time on Wuxis mobile digital television network does not include sales of advertising time to advertisers from Wuxi. Our exclusive agency agreements with our direct investment entities in Chengdu and Ningbo became effective on January 1, 2008. We will also selectively approach other mobile digital television companies in other cities outside of our network to sign exclusive agency agreements to provide additional geographic coverage for our advertising clients. We believe that these exclusive agreements will give us more control over advertising time in our network and help us to maintain high barriers to entry for our current and future competitors.
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Continue to Explore New Digital Media Technologies and Techniques in Order to Enhance the Effectiveness of Our Network
We will continue to explore new technologies and techniques to enhance the effectiveness of our advertising network. We have implemented scrolling information bars on the screen to display real-time news and stock quotes, sport scores, and other real-time information. The scrolling information bar will remain on the screen even during advertisements, which may help retain the attention of the viewers. Additionally, we will explore methods of mixing relevant programs together with certain advertisements in order to increase the effectiveness of the advertisement. For example, we may display financial-related advertisements after financial news programs and sports-related advertisements after sports news programs. We believe that these new technologies and techniques will enhance the effectiveness of our advertising network, which will increase demand for our advertising time, which leads to higher actual prices for our advertising time.
We also intend to implement other measures to make our advertising network more effective. We believe that providing content tailored to the local population will increase the overall interest in our programs and consequently make our advertising network more effective. The real-time broadcasting infrastructure allows us to provide information that we receive from the local television stations to our targeted audience, such as real- time news and stock quotes, weather and traffic updates, sports highlights, other entertainment programs and other content tailored to the local demand. We believe that expansion of our ability to provide localized information services coupled with our ability to distribute advertisements in multiple cities across China will create a unique platform for our advertising clients. We will continue to explore new methods to enhance the content on our mobile digital television advertising network and provide localized services for our audiences. Accordingly, we believe that new digital media opportunities to enhance our advertising network will increase demand for our advertising time, which will lead to higher fee rates and increased revenues.
Expand Our Network to Other Advertising Media Platforms
We plan to expand our digital television advertising network to new media platforms such as personal mobile devices and additional in-building displays. The real-time broadcasts provide unique programs not currently available on most other out-of-home advertising networks. We believe that demand exists for the networks programs outside of the mass transportation systems. Therefore, our next phase of expansion will involve the provision of services to personal mobile devices. Since we deliver content over the airwaves, we have the ability to deliver the broadcasts to personal handheld devices equipped with an LCD screen and a digital television receiver. These handheld television units will expand the exposure of our network by allowing our audience to continue watching the programs on our network anywhere within the coverage of the transmission towers in the city. We will also explore new opportunities to expand our network to large-size outdoor light emitting diode, or LED, digital billboards, building lobbies and other common areas such as banks and hospitals. We expect this expansion will increase the value of our network by increasing the size of the audience reached and increasing the exposure time for our advertising clients.
Pursue Strategic Relationships and Acquisitions
We intend to continue expanding the scope of our advertising activities and the type of media platforms we employ through strategic relationships and acquisitions. We will leverage our strong relationships with our client base to penetrate more diverse channels and platforms for advertising. We may consider entering into strategic relationships to expand the reach of our network by partnering with companies that offer other types of advertising media platforms, such as large-size outdoor LED digital billboards or in-store advertising networks. We may also consider acquiring companies that provide synergistic opportunities for our company to grow into a leading multi-platform advertising company in China. We intend to continue expanding into new and complementary advertising media platforms through strategic relationships and acquisitions in order to provide our clients with additional out-of-home advertising platforms to reach a larger target audience.
Our Advertising Network
The following map and tables illustrate the geographic scope of our mobile digital television advertising network as of March 28, 2008:
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Our Mobile Digital Television Advertising Network Cities |
Exclusive Agency |
Direct Investment | ||
Beijing |
ü | |||
Chengdu |
ü(1) | ü | ||
Nanjing |
ü | |||
Taiyuan |
ü(2) | |||
Ningbo |
ü(1) | ü | ||
Guangzhou |
ü | |||
Shenzhen |
ü | ü | ||
Wuxi |
ü(3) | |||
Changchun |
ü | |||
Changzhou |
ü | |||
Dalian |
ü | |||
Harbin |
ü | |||
Suzhou |
ü | |||
Wuhan |
ü | |||
Zhengzhou |
ü |
Our Stationary Advertising Platform Cities
Guangzhou
Shenzhen
(1) | Became an exclusive agency city starting from January 1, 2008. |
(2) | Became an exclusive agency city starting from February 3, 2008. |
(3) | Our exclusive agency arrangement in Wuxi that gives us the exclusive right to sell a portion of the advertising time on Wuxis mobile digital television network does not include sales of advertising time to advertisers from Wuxi. |
Our Mobile Digital Television Advertising Network
We conduct our mobile digital television advertising operations under the following three contractual arrangements:
Our Exclusive Agency Cities
As of December 31, 2007, we operated our mobile digital television advertising network under the exclusive agency model in five of our cities: Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Shenzhen and Wuxi. Our mobile digital television advertising network operating
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under the exclusive agency model in Beijing and Shenzhen in aggregate accounted for approximately 63% of our advertising service revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007. We entered into exclusive agency agreements with Beijing Beiguang Media Mobile Television Co., Ltd. on October 13, 2006 for a term of 10 years and Shenzhen Mobile Television Co., Ltd. on December 31, 2006 for a term of four years and seven months. On August 31, 2007, we also entered into an exclusive agency agreement with the exclusive operator of the mobile digital television network on Beijings subway system to place our advertisements on the digital television displays located on the subway trains in Beijing. This agreement will expire on December 31, 2008. These digital television displays receive the mobile digital television broadcasts and constitute part of our network in Beijing. In Shenzhen and Wuxi, our network operates under both the direct investment model and the exclusive agency model because we entered into exclusive agreements with our direct investment entities in these two cities. Our exclusive agency arrangement in Wuxi that gives us the exclusive right to sell a portion of the advertising time on Wuxis mobile digital television network does not include sales of advertising time to advertisers from Wuxi. Under our exclusive agency model, we enter into an exclusive agreement with the local mobile digital television company to become the exclusive advertising agent for that network. According to the terms of the exclusive agency agreements:
| We pay a pre-determined network rental fee each year to the mobile digital television company to receive the exclusive right to place advertisements on that network. |
| We have the responsibility to invest in new digital television displays and install the displays in new buses in all cities except for Chengdu, Ningbo and Wuxi. |
| We either sign a contract directly with the local mass transportation companies or our local partner or our direct investment entity signs the contract with the local mass transportation companies and assigns the right to install displays to us. |
| Our local partner or our direct investment entity makes the investment to construct the broadcasting infrastructure and arranges the necessary approvals from the regulatory agencies. |
| Our local partner or our direct investment entity remains responsible for all of the broadcast programs besides advertising content, but we may provide suggestions for the purpose of maximizing the effectiveness of our advertising network. |
Our exclusive agency agreement for mobile digital television displays in buses in Beijing contains the following additional terms: The parties will explore the feasibility of establishing a joint venture company in accordance with a letter of intent dated September 14, 2006. Upon the establishment of the joint venture company, the exclusive agency agreement will terminate and we will transfer the operations to the joint venture company. We have the obligation to install digital television displays in new buses pursuant to the terms of the agreement between our local operating partner and the local bus company in Beijing. If we fail to perform this obligation or if we fail to timely pay the network rental fee, our local operating partner in Beijing may unilaterally terminate the exclusive agency agreement. Upon termination of this agreement, our local operating partner will have title to all of the digital television displays that we installed.
Our exclusive agency agreement in Shenzhen contains the following additional terms: We have the obligation to install digital television displays in new buses pursuant to the terms of the agreement between our local operating partner and the local bus company in Shenzhen. In addition, we have the obligation to maintain all of the digital television displays installed in our local operating partners mobile digital television network. The cost of installing and maintaining the digital television displays is deductible from the network rental fee. The price we charge for the advertising time on our local operating partners mobile digital television network in Shenzhen must comply with our local operating partners pricing system. The local operating partner may request the court in Shenzhen to terminate this contract as a remedy if the parties fail to reach an agreement with respect to any disputes that arise regarding our pricing.
In cities where the local television station has already created a mobile digital television company, we generally prefer to expand our cooperation by engaging in an exclusive agency agreement. These exclusive arrangements allow our local partner to focus on the programming and operation of the mobile digital television network without worrying about generating revenues from advertisement. Our fixed payment of the network rental fee each year guarantees our local partner a steady stream of income, and our ability to place advertisements from local, national and international clients may enhance the prestige and public perception of the local mobile digital television network. In addition, we generally work closely with our local partner in the operation of the network and may provide suggestions regarding the programming on the network.
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Our Direct Investment Cities
As of December 31, 2007, we operated our mobile digital television advertising network under the direct investment model in 11 cities: Changchun, Changzhou, Chengdu, Dalian, Harbin, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Wuhan, Wuxi, and Zhengzhou. Besides the primary installations of digital television displays on buses, we also have displays installed in buildings that receive digital television broadcasts from our mobile digital television advertising network in Harbin, Wuhan and Wuxi. Under our direct investment model, we form an operating company together with the local television station authorized to operate the digital television network in that city. Due to regulatory considerations, we usually own 49% of the direct investment entity and our partner owns the other 51%, but in Shenzhen and Wuxi we own 25% and 14%, respectively. Under the direct investment agreements:
| We nominate the general manager for appointment by the board of directors of most of the direct investment entities. |
| We train the locally recruited sales force. |
| We purchase the advertising time from our direct investment entity and place advertisements for broadcasting on the local network. |
| We sell the assembled digital television displays to the direct investment entity. |
| The local television station obtains the necessary approvals for operating the mobile digital television station. |
| The local television station provides the transmission equipment to broadcast the advertising and program in that city. |
| The direct investment entity enters into contracts with the local mass transportation companies to install our digital television displays in the buses and other suitable locations. |
| The local television station provides the news, entertainment and other programs for broadcasting on the direct investment entitys network, and the local television station ensures that the programs conform to all applicable PRC content laws and regulations. |
In cities without mobile digital television operations, we usually attempt to form an operating company together with the local television station authorized to operate the mobile digital television network in that city. The direct investment model allows us to secure that particular city for a long period of time because our contractual arrangements with the local television stations to form the direct investment entities have durations ranging from 10 to 50 years. The direct investment model also allows us to be involved in the process of determining the mixture of entertainment programs and advertising content broadcast on that network. In addition, the direct investment model allows us to expand into new media platforms in the future using mobile digital television broadcasting technology. This will facilitate the expansion of our mobile digital television advertising network into additional locations such as buildings, taxis and outdoor large LED screens.
We have entered into an exclusive agency agreement with our direct investment entity in Chengdu, Ningbo and Shenzhen to control all of the advertising time. Our exclusive agency arrangement with our direct investment entity in Wuxi that gives us the exclusive right to sell a portion of the advertising time on Wuxis mobile digital television network does not include sales of advertising time to advertisers from Wuxi. These exclusive agency agreements grant us the exclusive right to sell the advertising time on the direct investment network for a term ranging from four years to 12 years. Under these arrangements, we realize all of the advertising revenues and pay a fixed network rental fee to the direct investment entity. Under this type of contract, the direct investment entity effectively transfers the operational risk to us and enjoys a guaranteed stream of revenues.
Our Outreach Agency Cities
We extend our geographic reach outside of our network by purchasing advertising time on mobile digital television networks either directly or through an agent in cities outside of our network pursuant to the specific demands of our advertising clients. As of December 31, 2007, we have purchased advertising time for our clients in cities such as Chongqing, Hangzhou, Qingdao, Shanghai, Tianjin and Xiamen. Under our outreach agency model, we purchase advertising time as necessary from the local mobile digital television company either directly or through an agent.
Our outreach agency model allows our advertising operation to have a larger geographic presence and provide the local network with advertising from national or international clients, which may heighten the prestige and public perception of the local network. If our demand for advertising time at the local network grows to a sufficient threshold, we may attempt to engage them in an exclusive agency agreement to increase the scope of our cooperation.
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Our Stationary Advertising Platform
While the vast majority of our advertising network consists of digital television displays that receive mobile digital television broadcasts, we also operate a separate stationary advertising platform in the subway stations in Guangzhou and Shenzhen to supplement and extend the reach of our network. Our stationary advertising platform operates independently from our mobile digital television network. We commenced operations of our stationary advertising platform in May 2007, and as of December 31, 2007 we have expanded the stationary advertising platform to 208 digital displays. For our stationary advertising platform, we enter into agreements directly with the subway company to rent the digital displays that display advertising and content. Our stationary advertising platform also displays useful real-time information provided by the subway company such as the arrival information for the next train.
Advertising Clients, Sales and Marketing
Our Advertising Clients
The quality and broad geographic coverage of our mobile digital television advertising network has attracted a broad base of international and domestic advertisers. As of December 31, 2007, more than 300 advertisers have purchased advertising time on our mobile digital television advertising network either directly or through an agent. We regularly work together with some of the largest global advertising agencies, or 4A agencies, to place advertisements for their clients. We have the ability to place the clients advertisements in one or more cities, both within and beyond our network, according to their demands. As of December 31, 2007, we have placed advertisements in 26 cities across China. Our top two international brand name advertisers, Yum! Brands, Inc. (whose brand portfolio includes KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell) and Spalding Group, in aggregate accounted for approximately 3% of our advertising service revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007. Our top five domestic brand name advertisers, JinHou Group Co., Guangxi Wuzhou Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jilin Wutaigankang Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Nice Group Co., Ltd. and China Citic Bank in aggregate accounted for approximately 31% of our advertising service revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007. Our top ten advertisers in 2006 accounted for approximately 39% of our total revenues, and no client accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues. We believe the appeal and effectiveness of our advertising network is largely evidenced by the number of advertisers who place repeated and multiple advertising campaigns on our network.
The following table sets forth a breakdown of our advertisers by industry for the year ended December 31, 2007:
Industry |
% of total advertising service revenues |
||
Food, Beverage, Restaurants, Wines and Spirits |
24 | % | |
Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Supplements |
22 | % | |
Household Products |
14 | % | |
Fashion and accessories |
9 | % | |
Financial Services |
6 | % | |
Others |
25 | % |
Sales and Marketing
As of December 31, 2007, we employed an experienced advertising sales force of 120 employees located in five sales offices located in Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai and Shenzhen. We also engaged ten consultants to assist our marketing efforts. In addition to our direct sales force, we also sell our advertising time through third party advertising agencies such as the 4A agencies. We provide in-house education and training to our sales force to ensure that they provide our current and prospective clients with comprehensive information about our services, the advantages of using our mobile digital television advertising network as a marketing channel and relevant information regarding the advertising industry as a whole. We organize our sales force into teams to provide specialized coverage for geographic regions. We believe that our regional coverage teams provide better service for our advertisers and allow our sales and marketing teams to focus on building close relationships and staying abreast of regional market trends. We also market our advertising services from time to time by placing advertisements on our own network.
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We believe our advertisers derive substantial value from our ability to provide advertising services targeted at specific segments of consumer markets. Since market research is an important part of evaluating the effectiveness and value of our business to advertisers, we routinely provide market research reports to our clients as part of our marketing efforts. We conduct market research, consumer surveys, demographic analysis and other advertising industry research for internal use to evaluate new and existing advertising channels. We also purchase or commission studies containing relevant market study data from reputable third-party market research firms, such as CTR Market Research. We typically consult such studies to assist us in evaluating the effectiveness of our network to our advertisers. A number of these studies contain research on the numbers and socio-economic and demographic profiles of the people who use the mass transportation systems in the cities where we operate.
Advertising Contracts
The standard advertising package includes advertising time on our network in a particular city on either the mobile digital television advertising network or our stationary advertising platform, and our clients often combine standard advertising packages to purchase advertising time across multiple cities. Our sales are made pursuant to written contracts with commitments ranging from one week to one year. Similar to traditional television advertising, we primarily sell advertising time during breaks in between programs and we also sell soft advertising embedded into programs. The majority of our customers purchase the advertising time during breaks in between programs and we often provide flexible durations of time to meet the specific demands of our advertising clients. Our clients may choose to play these advertisements during specific times of the day or throughout the entire day. Our advertising rates vary depending on the broadcast city and the receiving platform. We divide our cities into different categories and charge rates consistent with the advertising market in that city. We evaluate the listed price at the end of each quarter against the prevailing advertising rates for our competitors in each city and determine any adjustments based on prevailing market trends. The price we charge for the advertising time differs in each city as a function of the size of our network, the quality and mixture of the programming, socioeconomic conditions and other prevailing market considerations.
We generally require our clients to submit advertising content at least five days prior to the first broadcast date for compliance review. We also reserve the right to refuse to disseminate advertisements that are not in compliance with content requirements under PRC laws and regulations.
Programming
The mobile digital television network in each city determines its mixture of programming independently from the others. For our direct investment cities, the direct investment entity exercises direct control over the mixture of programming and advertising, and for our exclusive agency cities, we usually work closely together with our partner network to maximize the effectiveness of the broadcasted advertisements. The mobile digital television network broadcasts real-time news and stock quotes, sports highlights and other entertainment programs for most of the time and we use short breaks in between these programs to broadcast advertising in order to maximize the effectiveness of our advertising network.
We provide suggestions for some of the programs for broadcast in our direct investment cities, and the local television station produces the remaining programs by editing the material used for local television station broadcasts. Our ability to distribute programs produced by the local television station in one city to other cities in our network gives us the opportunity to syndicate entertaining programs across all of our local networks and to attract a greater audience to our network. Our real-time broadcast platform also allows the local television station to provide real-time news and stock quotes and entertainment programs.
Relationships with Location Providers
We or our direct investment entities install the digital television displays in the buses of the mass transportation system. Therefore, establishing and maintaining long-term relationships with the local mass transportation companies is critical to our business. We have entered into the following arrangements to secure the right to install or use the displays on the mass transportation systems in many of the economically prosperous cities in China.
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Our Exclusive Agency Cities
In our exclusive agency cities of Beijing, Nanjing and Shenzhen, the local mobile digital television company negotiates directly with the bus companies for a placement agreement to secure the right to install digital television displays and then exclusively assigns that right to us. On August 31, 2007, we also entered into an exclusive agreement with the exclusive operator of the mobile digital television network on Beijings subway system to place our advertisements on the digital television displays located on the subway trains in Beijing. These digital television displays receive the mobile digital television broadcasts and constitute part of our network in Beijing. In Guangzhou, our local affiliate has obtained authorization from the local transportation commission to operate the mobile digital television network on buses in Guangzhou that are administered by the local transportation commission, and we expect to enter into contracts with a number of bus companies through our local affiliate by June 2008. We have already installed a number of digital television displays in selected buses in Guangzhou on a test basis.
Our Direct Investment Cities
In most of our direct investment cities, the direct investment entity negotiates directly with the bus companies or other location providers for a placement agreement to secure the right to install the digital television displays.
Our Stationary Advertising Platform
For our stationary advertising platform in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, we directly negotiate with the subway companies to rent the digital displays installed in the subway stations.
Technology
Our digital television advertising network uses digital television technology. This technology provides a communication method for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound by using digital signals, which provides better throughput compared to the analog signals used by analog televisions. The digital television broadcasts use digital modulation data, which uses an algorithm to digitally compress the data. The transmission equipment broadcasts the digital bit stream wirelessly over an analog bandpass channel to television receivers that decode the digital signal. Our digital television displays installed on buses contain a receiver and decoder component that performs this task and displays the broadcasted content. This technology enables the uninterrupted reception of audio visual signals while in motion, thereby allowing the display of real-time programs on moving buses. Our stationary advertising platform located in the subway station in Guangzhou and Shenzhen also uses digital displays, and we transmit the advertisements and information from the subway company from the broadcast center digitally, through a local area network, to the display.
Suppliers
The primary hardware required for the operation of our business consists of digital television displays, mobile digital television receivers, speakers and other related equipment that we use in our mobile digital television advertising network. Maintaining a steady supply of our digital television displays is important to our operations and the growth of our mobile digital television advertising network. We purchase our digital television displays and receivers from third party manufacturers who build these components according to our specifications. We select component suppliers based on price and quality. As there are several other qualified alternative suppliers for our equipment, our obligation to our current suppliers is not exclusive. We have never experienced any material delay or interruption in the supply of our digital television displays.
Our primary supplier of LCD screens, Xiamen Overseas Chinese Electronic Co., Ltd., or Prima, also purchases advertising time on our network and was our second largest customer in 2006 and remains a customer in 2007. None of our transactions with Prima were performed through barter arrangements, and we believe that all of our contracts with Prima have been negotiated at arms length for fair market value.
Competition
We compete with other advertising companies in China including companies that operate out-of-home advertising media networks such as Focus Media and other smaller mobile digital television companies. We also compete with traditional television stations for advertising spending. We compete for advertising clients primarily on the basis of network size and coverage, location, price, the range of services that we offer and our brand name. We also compete for overall advertising spending with other alternative advertising media companies, such as the Internet, street furniture, billboard, frame and public transport advertising companies,
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and with traditional advertising media, such as newspapers, magazines and radio. Some of our competitors operate digital television advertising networks installed on mass transportation systems primarily playing prerecorded content saved on compact flash cards or DVDs. For example, Towona Mobile Digital Co., Ltd. and Bus Online each operate a network on mass transportation systems utilizing compact flash cards, DVDs and, to a lesser extent, mobile digital television broadcasts in China including Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Shenzhen and several other cities where we operate our business. Towona was reported to be the largest mobile television group in China in a report released in November 2007 which was reported to be jointly sponsored by four market research firms.
In the future, we may also face competition from new entrants into the out-of-home television advertising network sector. In addition, starting on December 10, 2005, the establishment of wholly foreign- owned advertising companies has been permitted. Chinas ongoing deregulation of its advertising market will likely expose us to greater competition with existing or new advertising companies in China, including PRC subsidiaries of large well-established multi-national companies that may have significantly more resources.
We face barriers-to-entry in the mobile digital television advertising industry as a result of competition. Many smaller mobile digital television companies operate in cities outside of our network pursuant to exclusive agreements, and we expect to encounter barriers-to-entry as we attempt to expand our network into these cities. For example, in Shanghai, Shanghai Oriental Pearl Mobile Television Inc. operates the largest mobile digital television advertising network using broadcasting technology. As a result, we face barriers-to-entry to expand our network to Shanghai. In addition, we will face barriers-to-entry as we attempt to expand our out-of-home advertising network to different media platforms such as in-building displays or large outdoor LED displays because other companies may have already signed exclusive placement agreements to secure the most desirable locations. These barriers-to-entry may limit our ability to rapidly expand our network in the cities where we already operate and into new cities.
Insurance
We only maintain insurance coverage for our automobiles. We do not maintain any property insurance policies covering equipment and facilities for losses due to fire, earthquake, flood or any other disaster. Consistent with customary industry practice in China, we do not maintain business interruption insurance or key employee insurance for our executive officers. Uninsured damage to any of our equipment or buildings or a significant product liability claim could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Regulation
This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders right to receive dividends and other distributions from us.
Regulations on the Television Industry
Television content
According to the Regulations on the Administration of Radio and Television, promulgated by the State Counsel on August 11, 1997, and the Provisions on the Administration of Radio and Television Program Production promulgated by SARFT on July 19, 2004, entities engaging in the production of television programs, such as feature programs, general programs, drama series and animations, and the trading activities and agency services on the copyrights of such programs must first obtain preliminary approval from SARFT or its provincial branches. The entity must then register with SAIC, to obtain or update its business license. The television programs aired on the mobile digital television networks which we rely on in operating our advertising network are produced by our local operating partners. Our local operating partners are subject to the regulations with respect to television content. Since we rely on our business relationships with our local operating partners for operating our advertising network, our business may be indirectly affected by any changes to the regulations on television content.
Foreign investment in television operations
According to the Regulations on the Administration of Radio and Television, promulgated by the State Council on August 11, 1997, the Detailed Procedures for the Financing of Radio, Film and Television Conglomerates, promulgated by SARFT on December 20, 2001, and the Measures for the Administration of Examination and Approval of Radio Stations and Television Stations, promulgated by SARFT on August 18, 2004, television stations or television channels may only be established and operated by the government. Pursuant to the Several Decisions on the Entry of Private Capital into the Culture Industry, or the Decisions,
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issued by the State Council on April 13, 2005 and the Several Opinions on Foreign Investment in the Culture Sector, or the Opinions, jointly issued by SARFT, the Ministry of Culture, the General Administration for Press and Publication, the National Development & Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce on July 6, 2005, foreign investors are prohibited from establishing or operating television stations or transmission networks, broadcasting television programs, or operating television channels. Under the Opinions and the Circular on the Further Strengthening of the Supervision of Radio and Television Channels, or the Supervision Circular, promulgated by SARFT on August 4, 2005, foreign investors are prohibited from investing in or operating television channels.
We operate our business through our contractual arrangements with CDMTV, which is a PRC company. CDMTV in turn relies on its contractual arrangements with our local operating partners for broadcasting advertisements and programs. All of our local operating partners that engage in broadcasting have obtained the required licenses and approvals for broadcasting television programs. Our PRC legal counsel has advised us that our business operations do not violate any restrictions on foreign investment in television operations.
Foreign investments in television content production
According to the Regulations on the Administration of Radio and Television Stations, the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Sino-foreign Equity and Contractual Joint Ventures of Radio and Television Program Production, promulgated by SARFT on October 28, 2004, wholly foreign owned enterprises are prohibited from producing radio and television programs or drama series. A joint venture between a PRC and a foreign partner is permitted for these activities, and a foreign investor is permitted to hold up to 49% of the equity interest, subject to certain requirements.
Under our contractual arrangements with our local operating partners, our local operating partners are responsible for the production of television content. We or our direct investment entities may provide suggestions with respect to the production or sourcing of the content and advertisements. The content is subject to review and approval by the television stations which broadcast such content. Our consolidated PRC affiliates engaging in advertising content production have obtained the requisite licenses and approvals issued by the local SARFT.
Mobile digital television
On March 27, 2006, SARFT promulgated the Notice Concerning Experimental Mobile Digital Television, or the March 2006 Notice. The March 2006 Notice regulates experimental mobile digital television operations and primarily contains the following provisions:
| no experimental mobile digital television shall be operated without approval of SARFT; |
| no formal operation of mobile digital television shall be conducted before the establishment and adoption of the national standard of mobile digital television; |
| no foreign investment in mobile digital television operations is permitted; |
| after the adoption of the national mobile digital television standard, all mobile digital television operations shall comply with such national standard; and |
| existing mobile digital television network operations must apply for SARFT approval before April 30, 2006, and must stop operating by June 15, 2006 if they failed to submit an application by April 30, 2006 or their application was disapproved by SARFT. |
The March 2006 Notice also provides that the local SARFT branches have the authority to order any mobile digital television operators who have violated the March 2006 Notice to stop operating their mobile digital television networks. The March 2006 Notice does not define the term experimental mobile digital television. We believe this term was used because when the notice was promulgated, mobile digital television was a nascent industry in China and technology standards for such industry had not been adopted. We believe the March 2006 Notice applies to the mobile digital television operations by our local operating partners.
The National Standard of Frame Structure and Channel Code and Modulation of Digital Television Ground Broadcasting Transmission System was approved by the Standardization Administration of the PRC on August 18, 2006, and became effective on August 1, 2007. See Risk FactorsIf PRC regulators order one or more of our local operating partners to stop their mobile digital television operations due to violations of applicable regulations, our operations would be harmed and our financial conditions and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected and The mobile digital television networks of our direct
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investment entities and the digital television broadcasting infrastructure of our local operating partners currently do not comply with the newly adopted PRC national standards for mobile digital television operations. If and when our local mobile television operating partners and our direct investment entities are required to comply with the National Standards, we may spend significant capital and other resources.
SARFT issued a notice to provincial level SARFT branches in China in July 2007 regarding mobile digital television operations. The notice contains provisions regarding: (i) the authority of local SARFT branches to control program production and broadcasting on the mobile digital television networks; (ii) the development of the mobile digital television business; (iii) permission for non-state-owned enterprises to form joint ventures with SARFT-affiliated entities to engage in advertising, marketing, program production and equipment installation services in connection with mobile digital television operations as long as SARFT-affiliated entities control at least 51% equity interest in such joint ventures; (iv) the transition into the National Standard for digital mobile television operations; and (v) the requirement that each local SARFT branch inspect the mobile television operations within its jurisdiction. We do not own over 49% equity interest in any of our direct investment entities that we have jointly established with relevant local SARFT-affiliated entities.
Regulations on the Advertising Industry
Foreign investments in advertising
Under the Catalog and the Administrative Provision on Foreign Investment in the Advertising Industry, jointly promulgated by SAIC and the Ministry of Commerce on March 2, 2004, foreign investors can invest in PRC advertising companies either through wholly owned enterprises or joint ventures with Chinese parties. Since December 10, 2005, foreign investors have been allowed to own up to 100% equity interest in PRC advertising companies. However, the foreign investors must have at least three years of direct operations outside of the PRC in the advertising industry as their core business. This requirement is reduced to two years if foreign investment in the advertising company is in the form of a joint venture. Foreign-invested advertising companies can engage in advertising design, production, publishing and agency, provided that certain conditions are met and necessary approvals are obtained.
We are a Cayman Islands corporation and a foreign legal person under PRC laws and we have not directly operated any advertising business outside of China. Therefore, we do not qualify under PRC regulations to directly provide advertising services. Accordingly, our subsidiary, CDTC, is ineligible to apply for the required licenses for providing advertising services in China. Our advertising business is operated by our consolidated affiliated entity in China, CDMTV. CDMTV is currently owned by Limin Li and Yanqing Liang and holds the requisite licenses to provide advertising services in China. CDMTV directly operates our advertising network, enters into direct investment agreements and exclusive and non-exclusive advertising agency agreements with our local operating partners, and sells advertising time to our advertising clients. We have been, and are expected to continue to be, dependent on CDMTV and its subsidiaries to operate our advertising business. We do not have any equity interest in CDMTV but we receive the economic benefits of it through various contractual arrangements. See Our Corporate Structure.
Tax
Our operating subsidiary and controlled entities are incorporated in the PRC and are governed by the PRC income tax law, which subjects them to the PRC enterprise income tax rate of 33%, except for CDTC and CDMTV, which are located and conduct operations in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zones in the PRC and are subject to a preferential tax rate of 15%.
The PRC EIT Law was enacted on March 16, 2007 and became effective on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law and the implementation regulations under the EIT Law issued by the PRC State Council, effective January 1, 2008, China has adopted a uniform tax rate of 25% for all enterprises (including foreign-invested enterprises) and revoked the previous tax exemption, reduction and preferential treatments applicable to foreign-invested enterprises. However, there is a transition period for enterprises, whether foreign-invested or domestic, that received preferential tax treatments granted by relevant tax authorities prior to January 1, 2008. Enterprises that were subject to an enterprise income tax rate lower than 25% prior to January 1, 2008 may continue to enjoy the lower rate and gradually transition to the new tax rate within five years. Enterprises that were entitled to exemptions or reductions from the standard income tax rate for a fixed term prior to January 1, 2008 may continue to enjoy such treatment until the fixed term expires. However, if a foreign-invested enterprise had not become profitable before January 2008, a two-year exemption from the enterprise income tax will be granted for the period between the time the enterprise becomes profitable and December 31, 2009.
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Preferential tax treatments may continue to be granted to industries and projects that are strongly supported and encouraged by the State, and enterprises classified as new and high technology enterprises strongly supported by the State are entitled to a 15% enterprise income tax rate even though the EIT Law does not currently define this term.
The EIT Law also provides that enterprises established outside of China whose de facto management bodies are located in China are considered resident enterprises, and are generally subject to the uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate as to their global income, including income received from subsidiaries and consolidated affiliates. Under the implementation regulations to the EIT Law issued by the PRC State Council, de facto management body is defined as a body that has material and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human resources, finances and treasury, and acquisition and disposition of properties and other assets of an enterprise. If we are required under the EIT Law to pay income tax for any dividends we receive from our subsidiary and consolidated affiliates, it will materially reduce the amount of dividends we may pay, if any, to our shareholders and ADS holders.
Furthermore, unlike the PRC Income Tax Law for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprise, which specifically exempts withholding tax on any dividends payable to non-PRC investors of foreign-invested enterprises, the EIT Law and implementation regulations issued by the State Council provide that an income tax rate of 10% is normally applicable to dividends payable to non-PRC investors which are derived from sources within China, although such income tax may be exempted or reduced by the State Council of the PRC or a tax treaty between China and the jurisdiction where the non-PRC investors reside. We are a Cayman Islands holding company and substantially all of our income may be derived from dividends we receive from our operating subsidiary and consolidated affiliates located in China. If we declare dividends from such income, it is unclear whether it will be deemed to be derived from sources within China under the EIT Law and be subject to income tax under the EIT Law. If we are required under the EIT Law to withhold income tax on dividends payable to our non-PRC shareholders and ADS holders, your investment in us may be materially and adversely affected.
We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the EIT Law on our results of operations for 2008 and beyond. Any significant income tax expenses may have a material adverse effect on our net income in 2008 and beyond. Reduction or elimination of the financial subsidies or preferential tax treatments we currently enjoy or imposition of additional taxes on us or our subsidiary in China may significantly increase our income tax expense and materially reduce our net income.
Dividend Distribution
The principal laws, rules and regulations governing dividends paid by PRC operating subsidiaries include the Company Law of the PRC (1993), as amended in 2006, the Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended in 2000, and the Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise Law Implementation Rules (1990), as amended in 2001. Under these laws and regulations, PRC subsidiaries, including wholly foreign owned enterprises, or WFOEs, and domestic companies in China, may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliates, including WFOEs and domestic companies, are required to set aside at least 10% of their after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to their general reserves or statutory capital reserve fund until the cumulative amount of such reserve reaches 50% of their respective registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends.
C. | Organizational Structure |
The following diagram illustrates our companys organizational structure, and the place of formation, ownership interest and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007.
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D. | Property, Plant and Equipment |
Our principal executive offices are located at our headquarters comprising approximately 920 square meters in Shenzhen, China. We also maintain offices in five cities for our regional sales offices with an aggregate of approximately 2,186 square meters. We do not own any real property and lease all of our facilities. We lease some of our facilities from related parties, see Item 7 B. Related Party TransactionsTransactions with Companies under Common Control with UsLease with Meidi Zhiye. We believe that our leased facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the foreseeable future, and we believe that we will be able to obtain adequate facilities, principally through leasing of additional properties, to accommodate our future expansion plans.
ITEM 4A. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
None.
ITEM 5. | OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS |
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under Item 3. Key InformationD. Risk Factors or in other parts of this annual report.
A. | Operating Results |
Overview
We believe that we operate the largest out-of-home advertising network using real-time mobile digital television broadcasts to deliver content and advertising on mass transportation systems in China based on the number of displays. As of December 31, 2007, our mobile digital television advertising network, or our network, consists primarily of our digital television displays installed on buses in 14 economically prosperous cities in China. As a supplement to our mobile digital television advertising network, in May 2007 we commenced operations of our stationary advertising platform that uses digital displays to play advertisements in subway stations in Guangzhou and Shenzhen. We derive revenues by selling advertising time on our network and also from sales of advertising equipment to our direct investment entities.
We have experienced significant revenues growth, and the size of our network has grown significantly since the commercial launch of our advertising network in 2005. We have expanded our operations through three different types of arrangements that consist of our exclusive agency model, our direct investment model and our outreach agency model.
We expect our future growth to be driven by a number of factors and trends including:
| the overall economic growth in China, which we expect to contribute to an increase in advertising spending in major urban areas in China where consumer spending is concentrated; |
| our ability to expand our network and stationary advertising platform into new locations and additional cities; |
| our ability to secure exclusive agency arrangements with mobile digital television companies in additional cities to control all of the advertising time on that network; |
| our ability to increase sales of advertising time and extend the total minutes available for broadcasting of advertisements across all of our cities; |
| our ability to attract more revenues from our existing clients and expand our client base through promotion of our services; |
| our ability to provide programs that appeal to the local viewers; |
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| our ability to enhance the technology of our network to make our advertising platform more effective; and |
| our ability to acquire companies that operate advertising businesses complementary to our existing operations. |
Because an important source of revenues are our advertising service revenues, we focus on factors that directly affect our advertising service revenues such as (i) the total advertising time that we have available across all of our cities, (ii) the actual price we charge for our advertising time and (iii) the programming to advertising ratio. The actual price we charge advertising clients, which equals the official list price minus any discounts, for time on our network is affected by, among other things, (i) the overall socioeconomic conditions in each city, (ii) the level of demand for advertising time in each city, and (iii) the perceived effectiveness of our network in achieving the goals of our advertising clients. The effectiveness of our network directly relates to our ability to expand the coverage of our mobile digital television advertising network and our ability to provide programs that draw the attention of viewers. We also measure our performance using an average revenues per hour metric, which we calculate by dividing the advertising service revenues by the total hours of broadcasting in the cities of our network and stationary advertising platform.
As we continue to expand our network, we expect to face a number of challenges. Entering into a new market requires us to develop a contractual relationship with the local television station or its mobile television affiliate, so expansion into new cities may require an extended amount of time. In order to continue expansion of our network beyond mass transportation systems, we may compete directly with other companies that have already occupied many of the most desirable locations in Chinas major cities. In addition, we must react to continuing technological innovations in our industry and changes in the regulatory environment. To the extent we are required to comply with the National Standard for mobile digital television, it will need to upgrade the digital television displays in its network to conform to the National Standard. Currently, we cannot accurately estimate the expenditures required to migrate to the National Standard. We have implemented a number of measures to address these anticipated challenges: (i) we formed a special team of ten employees and four outside advisors as of December 31, 2007 that focuses on business development and expansion of our network; (ii) our management maintains an active dialogue with the relevant regulatory authorities to stay abreast of new developments and ensure compliance with all current laws and regulations; and (iii) we purchase digital television displays and other related equipment with easily upgradeable components to minimize the capital expenditure required to upgrade our network in response to technological or regulatory changes in our industry.
Revenues
We had total revenues of US$0.3 million, US$3.9 million and US$29.4 million for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively. We generate revenues from the sales of advertising time on our mobile digital television advertising network and, starting in 2007, on our stationary advertising platform. We principally derive our advertising service revenues from sales of advertising time in between the programs, but starting in July 2007, we also derive some revenues from soft advertising embedded into the programs on our network. We also generate revenues from sales of our digital television displays to our direct investment entities, which we refer to as our advertising equipment revenues. The following table sets forth a breakdown of our total revenues for the periods indicated.
For the Period from April 8 to December 31, 2005 |
For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||
US$ | % of total revenues |
US$ | % of total revenues |
US$ | % of total revenues | |||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
Advertising service revenues |
| 0.0 | 2,033,284 | 52.5 | 27,489,391 | 93.5 | ||||||
Advertising equipment revenues |
290,521 | 100.0 | 1,839,598 | 47.5 | 1,896,200 | 6.5 | ||||||
Total |
290,521 | 100.0 | 3,872,882 | 100.0 | 29,385,591 | 100 | ||||||
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Advertising Service Revenues
We derive the majority of our advertising service revenues from the sales of advertising time in between the programs on our mobile digital television advertising network. Starting in 2007, we also generated some of our advertising service revenues from sales of advertising time on our stationary advertising platform, which accounted for 11% of our advertising service revenues in 2007. In addition, beginning in July 2007, we also began to derive advertising service revenues from sales of soft advertising embedded in the programs on our network, such as advertising in the form of infomercials or product placement. Our advertising service revenues accounted for nil, 52.5% and 93.5% of our total revenues for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively.
Our advertising service revenues are recorded net of any sales discounts from our official list prices that we may provide to our advertising clients. These discounts include volume discounts and other customary incentives offered to our advertising clients, including additional broadcast time for their advertisements if we have unused time available in a particular city and represent the difference between our official list price and the amount we charge our advertising clients. Our advertising clients include advertisers that directly engage in advertisement placements with us and advertising agencies retained by some advertisers to place advertisements on the advertisers behalf. We expect that our advertising service revenues will become the primary source of our revenues for the foreseeable future.
We typically sign advertising contracts with our advertising clients that require us to place the advertisement on our network in specific cities for a specified period. We recognize revenues as the advertisement airs over the contractual term based on the schedule agreed upon with the customer.
Factors that Affect Our Advertising Service Revenues
| Advertising Time. The total advertising time available across all of our cities determines our total capacity and affects our advertising service revenues. Any future expansion of our network or non- broadcast advertising platform into new cities will increase the total advertising time available across all of our cities and affect our advertising service revenues. Geographic expansion of our network or stationary advertising platform also allows us to attract more advertising clients by providing greater geographic coverage and exposure. |
Our ability to expand into new cities will affect the total advertising time available across our network and our stationary advertising platform. Our management has implemented certain measures to facilitate our entrance into new markets. We maintain a special team of employees to focus on our network expansion efforts. In conjunction with the members of our management, this team consults with prospective partners to develop relationships, secure contractual agreements and assist in the deployment and maintenance of our network.
| Actual Price of Advertising Time. The price that we actually charge our clients for our advertising time directly affects our advertising service revenues. The listed prices for advertising time on our network and stationary advertising platform vary significantly from city to city as income levels, standards of living and general economic conditions vary significantly from region to region in China. In accordance with standard industry practice, we offer discounts to our clients on an individual basis, so the actual price we charge for our advertising time after taking into account any discounts will affect our advertising service revenues. |
| Demand for advertising time on our network and stationary advertising platform. The demand for our advertising time directly affects the actual price of our advertising time and is affected by a variety of factors, including general and economic conditions and certain special events that may cause significant changes in the number of riders in the mass transportation systems of our network cities. Special events, such as the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing or the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, will affect our actual price of advertising time. Such special events may draw more viewers to our real-time broadcasts, making our advertising network more effective. Conversely, any adverse events such as an outbreak of an airborne disease, may impact usage of mass transportation and have an adverse effect on our actual price of advertising time. |
| Number of displays in each city. The number of displays in each of our cities affects our actual price of advertising time in that city. An increase in the number of displays will reach a larger audience and make advertisements more effective. We expect that our actual price of advertising time will increase as the number of displays increases. |
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| Quality of programs. The quality of the programs broadcast on our network and stationary advertising platform affects our actual price of advertising time. Programs that attract the attention of our audience will make our advertising platform more effective. Our ability to locate, edit and provide suitable programs that appeal to our intended audience will affect our actual price of advertising time. We have undertaken steps to increase the quality of programs broadcast on our network by providing suggestions to the local television stations that provide the programs. |
| Programming to Advertising Ratio. The mixture of programming to advertising that gets broadcasted on our network and stationary advertising platform affects our advertising service revenues. Broadcasting an optimal mix of advertising and programs will maximize our total revenues. |
| Maximizing sales of soft advertisements. We began sales of soft advertising in July 2007, and our ability to maximize sales of soft advertisements such as advertisements embedded within the programs and sponsorships of the programs on our network will allow us to realize additional revenues from the time reserved for broadcasts of programs. Increasing our sales of such advertisements will increase our average revenues per hour. |
However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to secure sufficient quantities of silicon and silicon wafers to expand our manufacturing capacity as we planned. See Item 3. Key InformationD. Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryFailure to obtain sufficient quantities of silicon and silicon wafers could decrease our revenues and limit our ability to expand as planned.
Advertising Equipment Revenues
We also derive a portion of our total revenues from the sales of digital television displays and related equipment to our direct investment entities. We record these revenues as advertising equipment revenues. We source digital television displays and related equipment from third-party suppliers and sell them to our direct investment entities in order to ensure consistent quality of the equipment used in our network and achieve cost efficiency for our direct investment entities. Our advertising equipment revenues represented 100.0%, 47.5% and 6.5% of our total revenues for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively. We generally set the price of our advertising equipment at the unit procurement cost plus an additional markup. Since sales of equipment in China require the payment of the value added tax, or VAT, equal to 17%, we record our advertising equipment revenues excluding the VAT payments. We expect that advertising equipment revenues in future periods will decrease as a percentage of our total revenues because we expect our advertising service revenues to grow faster than our advertising equipment revenues.
We recognize advertising equipment revenues upon delivery of the digital television displays, and the risk of ownership has passed to the direct investment entities.
Factors that Affect Our Advertising Equipment Revenues
| Addition of New Direct Investment Entities. The addition of new direct investment entities directly affects our advertising equipment revenues. We only sell our digital television displays to our direct investment entities for installation into buses of the citys mass transportation system and other locations. We anticipate higher sales of our digital television displays in the earlier stages of the direct investment entitys operations during the expansion of the mobile digital television network in that city. Accordingly, as the operations of our direct investment entities reach a greater scale, we expect the sales of our digital television displays to decrease. |
| Network Expansion of Direct Investment Entities. The pace of network expansion at each of our direct investment entities directly affects our advertising equipment revenues. Since the vast majority of our direct investment entities purchase the digital television displays exclusively from us, any expansion of the mobile digital television network will generate advertising equipment revenues for us. In addition, our direct investment entities will need to purchase new digital television displays from us to replace their worn or obsolete equipment. |
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| Cost of Equipment. Since we sell our digital television displays at our procurement cost plus a fixed percentage markup, any changes to the cost of our equipment will directly affect our advertising equipment revenues. |
Cost of Revenues
Our cost of revenues consists of costs directly related to the offering of our advertising services and costs related to our sales of advertising equipment. The following table sets forth our cost of revenues, divided into its major components, by amount and percentage of our total revenues for the periods indicated.
For the Period from April 8 to December 31, 2005 |
For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
US$ | % of total revenues |
US$ | % of total revenues |
US$ | % of total revenues | |||||||||
Total Revenues |
290,521 | 100.0 | 3,872,882 | 100.0 | 29,385,591 | 100.0 | ||||||||
Cost of revenues: |
||||||||||||||
Advertising service cost |
| 0.0 | 3,967,081 | 102.4 | 12,801,957 | 43.6 | ||||||||
Advertising equipment cost |
261,504 | 90.0 | 1,639,895 | 42.3 | 1,583,325 | 5.4 | ||||||||
Total cost of revenues |
261,504 | 90.0 | 5,606,976 | 144.7 | 14,385,282 | 49.0 | ||||||||
Gross profit (loss) |
29,017 | 10.0 | (1,734,094 | ) | (44.7 | ) | 15,000,309 | 51.0 | ||||||
Advertising Service Cost
Our cost of revenues related to the offering of our advertising services consists of media costs, depreciation, business taxes and surcharges and other operating costs.
Media Costs. Our media costs represented the largest component of our cost of revenues and accounted for approximately nil, 98.4% and 37.2% of our total revenues for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively. Our media costs primarily consist of:
| network rental fee payments to our exclusive agency partner companies under our contractual arrangements to control all of the advertising time on that network; |
| payments to our direct investment entities under our contractual arrangements to purchase advertising time; |
| payments to mobile television companies outside of our network, either directly or through third- party advertising agencies, to purchase advertising time pursuant to the requests of our advertisers; and |
| beginning in 2007, payments to subway companies for our stationary advertising platform pursuant to our agreements to control all of the advertising time on the digital displays located in subway stations. |
The primary factors affecting our media costs include the number of exclusive agency cities that we have and the amount of advertising time that we purchase from our direct investment entities and other mobile television companies outside of our network.
| The number of exclusive agency cities represents the largest factor affecting our media costs. When we enter into an exclusive agency arrangement with a mobile television company, we commit to a pre-determined annual network rental fee in exchange for the exclusive right to place advertisements on all of the time available for advertisements on that network. We expect the number of our exclusive agency cities to increase in future periods as we enter into exclusive agency arrangements with our direct investment entities and with additional mobile television companies in new cities. As a result, |
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we expect our network rental fees to increase in future periods, but we expect media costs to decrease as a percentage of our total revenues because we expect our advertising revenues to grow faster than our media costs. |
| The amount of advertising time that we purchase from our direct investment entities and other mobile television companies outside of our network also affect our media costs. For our direct investment entities without exclusive agency agreements, we purchase advertising time according to our needs to place advertisements from our clients. For the mobile television companies outside of our network, we purchase time pursuant to the demands of our advertising clients to place advertisements in that city. |
Depreciation. Depreciation for our digital television displays accounted for nil, 0.3% and 0.7% of our total revenues for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively. Our depreciation cost only consists of depreciation for the displays directly owned by us and not the displays owned by our direct investment entities. Generally, we capitalize the acquisition cost of our digital television displays and recognize depreciation on a straight-line basis over the term of their useful lives, which we estimate to be five years. The primary factors affecting our depreciation include the number of digital television displays in our network, the unit cost of each of our displays, and the remaining useful life of our displays. We expect our depreciation to increase in future periods as a result of expanding our network by adding more displays.
Business Taxes and Surcharges. Our business taxes and surcharges accounted for nil, 1.0% and 4.0% of our total revenues for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively. Business taxes and surcharges include the 5% business tax and 3% surcharges that our PRC operating subsidiary must pay for revenues earned from advertising services provided in China.
Other Operating Costs. Our other operating costs primarily consist of salaries and other expenses in relation to the maintenance, development and expansion of our network and accounted for nil, 2.7% and 1.7% of our total revenues for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively. We expect our other operating costs to increase in future periods as we expand our network in the cities where we already operate and into new cities. However, we expect our other operating costs to increase in future periods but remain a relatively small percentage of total revenues.
Advertising Equipment Cost
Our advertising equipment cost consists of the amounts we pay to our third-party suppliers for the digital television displays and other related equipment that we sell to our direct investment entities. Our advertising equipment cost accounted for 90.0%, 42.3% and 5.4% of our total revenues for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively. The major factors affecting our advertising equipment cost include the number of digital television displays we sell and the unit cost that we pay for the assembly of each display.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses consist of selling and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses. The following table sets forth our operating expenses, divided into their major categories by amount and as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated.
For the Period from April 8 to December 31, 2005 |
For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
US$ | % of total revenues |
US$ | % of total revenues |
US$ | % of total revenues | |||||||||
Total revenues |
290,521 | 100.0 | 3,872,882 | 100.0 | 29,385,591 | 100.0 | ||||||||
Gross profit (loss) |
29,017 | 10.0 | (1,734,094 | ) | (44.8 | ) | 15,000,309 | 51.0 | ||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing |
12,941 | 4.5 | 393,474 | 10.2 | 2,149,067 | 7.4 | ||||||||
General and administrative |
373,274 | 128.5 | 1,673,817 | 43.2 | 2,949,509 | 10.0 | ||||||||
Total operating expenses |
386,215 | 132.9 | 2,067,291 | 53.4 | 5,098,576 | 17.4 | ||||||||
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Selling and Marketing. Our selling and marketing expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for our sales staff, marketing and promotional expenses and other costs related to supporting our sales force. Selling and marketing expenses accounted for 4.5%, 10.2% and 7.3% of our total revenues for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively. We increased our sales force to 120 employees as of December 31, 2007 from 59 employees as of December 31, 2006 and three employees as of December 31, 2005, which resulted in an increase in salary expenses. We expect selling and marketing expenses in future periods to increase as operations grow.
General and Administrative. Our general and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for management, accounting and administrative personnel, office rentals, depreciation of office equipment, professional service fees, maintenance, utilities and other office expenses. General and administrative expenses accounted for 128.5%, 43.2% and 10.0% of our total revenues for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in future periods as we hire additional personnel and incur additional costs in connection with the expansion of our business and with being a publicly traded company.
Share-based Compensation
Our share-based compensation expenses represent the compensation expenses recognized in relation to the share options granted to our employees and consultants. We allocate our share-based compensation expenses to either cost of revenues, general and administrative expenses or selling and marketing expenses depending on role of the person receiving the options under our 2006 Share Incentive Plan, or the 2006 Plan. We have reserved 7,000,000 common shares for issuance under the 2006 Plan. As of December 31, 2007, there were 4,838,359 share option outstanding to employees and consultants. Our total share-based compensation expenses accounted for nil, 2.0% and 0.7% of our total revenues for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively. We expect our share-based compensation expenses to increase in future periods as a result of further issuances of options to employees and consultants.
Loss from Equity Method Investees
Our equity investments primarily consist of our investments in our nine direct investment entities that we account for using the equity method as of December 31, 2007. We expect our loss from our existing equity method investees to decrease as they finish building their networks and begin generating more revenues.
We generate advertising service revenues by sales of advertising time on our mobile digital television advertising network, which are partly provided by our equity method investees. We also closely monitor the operating activities of the equity method investees financially. As the operations of our equity method investees form an integral part to our operating activities, our share of undistributed earnings or losses of these entities are classified as part of our operating income.
Taxation
We are a tax exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands and conduct substantially all of our business through our PRC subsidiary, CDTC and our PRC variable interest entity, CDMTV. Both of our PRC entities must pay business taxes and surcharges on revenues generated from advertising services and value added taxes on sales of our advertising equipment, and we account for the business taxes and surcharges under cost of revenues. Our PRC entities must also pay the enterprise income tax, or EIT, on their taxable income at the applicable tax rate, expect for certain PRC entities that qualify for preferential tax rates.
CDTC is governed by the Income Tax Law of the PRC concerning Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises, under which foreign-invested enterprises satisfying certain criteria can enjoy preferential tax treatments. As a result of being located in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, both CDMTV and CDTC are allowed to enjoy a preferential EIT rate of 15%. In addition, since CDMTV has been recognized as a Culture Enterprise, CDMTV receives a full exemption from the EIT from 2005 to 2008.
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Under the EIT Law, effective January 1, 2008, China has adopted a uniform tax rate of 25% for all enterprises (including foreign-invested enterprises) and revoke the current tax exemption, reduction and preferential treatments applicable to foreign-invested enterprises. However, there will be a transition period for enterprises, whether foreign-invested or domestic, that are currently receiving preferential tax treatments granted by relevant tax authorities. Enterprises that were subject to an enterprise income tax rate lower than 25% prior to January 1, 2008 may continue to enjoy the lower rate and gradually transition to the new tax rate within five years after the effective date of the EIT Law. Enterprises that are currently entitled to exemptions or reductions from the standard income tax rate for a fixed term may continue to enjoy such treatment until the fixed term expires. However, if a foreign- invested enterprise has not become profitable by January 2008, a two-year exemption from enterprise income tax will be granted for the period between the time the enterprise becomes profitable and December 31, 2009. Preferential tax treatments will continue to be granted to industries and projects that are strongly supported and encouraged by the state, and enterprises otherwise classified as new and high technology enterprises strongly supported by the state will be entitled to a 15% enterprise income tax rate even though the EIT Law does not currently define this term.
The EIT Law also provides that enterprises established outside of China whose de facto management bodies are located in China are considered resident enterprises, and will generally be subject to the uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate as to their global income, including income we receive from our subsidiary and consolidated affiliates. Under the Implementation Rules of the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, a de facto management body is defined as a body that has material and overall management and control over manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human resources, finances and treasury, and acquisition and disposition of properties and other assets of an enterprise. If we are treated as resident enterprises for PRC tax purposes, we will be subject to PRC tax on our worldwide income at the 25% tax rate, which would have an impact on our effective tax rate. If we are required under the EIT Law to pay income tax for any dividends we receive from our subsidiary and consolidated affiliates, it will materially reduce the amount of dividends we may pay, if any, to our shareholders and ADS holders.
Furthermore, unlike the Income Tax Law for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises currently in effect, which specifically exempts withholding tax on any dividends payable to non-PRC investors, the EIT Law and implementation regulations provides that an income tax rate of 10% is normally applicable to dividends payable to non-PRC investors which are derived from sources within China, although such income tax may be exempted or reduced by the State Council of the PRC or pursuant to a tax treaty between China and the jurisdictions in which our non-PRC shareholders reside. We are a Cayman Islands holding company and substantially all of our income may be derived from dividends we receive from our operating subsidiary and consolidated affiliates established in China. If we declare dividends from such income, it is unclear whether it will be deemed to be derived from sources within China under the EIT Law and be subject to income tax under the EIT Law. If we are required under the EIT Law to withhold income tax on dividends payable to our non-PRC shareholders and ADS holders, your investment in us may be materially and adversely affected.
Critical Accounting Policies
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect: (i) the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities; (ii) the disclosure of our contingent assets and liabilities at the end of each reporting period; and (iii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during each reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates based on our own historical experience, knowledge and assessment of current business and other conditions, our expectations regarding the future based on available information and reasonable assumptions, which together form our basis for making judgments about matters that are not readily apparent from other sources. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, our actual results could differ from those estimates.
We believe that any reasonable deviation from those judgments and estimates would not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To the extent that the estimates used differ from actual results, however, adjustments to the statement of operations and corresponding balance sheet accounts would be necessary. These adjustments would be made in future financial statements.
When reading our financial statements, you should consider: (i) our critical accounting policies; (ii) the judgment and other uncertainties affecting the application of such policies; (iii) the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions. We believe the following accounting policies involve the most significant judgment and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements. We have not made any material changes in the methodology used in these accounting policies since the inception of our business on April 8, 2005.
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Income taxes
We recognize deferred income taxes for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years.
We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the value we believe is more likely than not to be realized. In the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their recorded amount, an adjustment to our valuation allowance would increase our income in the period such determination was made. Likewise, if we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to our valuation allowance would be charged to our income in the period such determination is made. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.
Share-based compensation
On December 8, 2006, we adopted the 2006 share incentive plan that allows us to offer a variety of incentive awards to our employees and consultants. For options granted to employees, share-based payments are measured based on the fair values of share options on the grant date and are generally recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service periods with a corresponding addition to paid-in capital. Share awards issued to consultants are measured at fair value at the commitment date and recognized over the period the service is provided.
We have granted options to our employees and consultants as determined by our board of directors on the date of grant. For purposes of financial accounting, we have determined the values of the shares underlying our options by reference to transactions with third parties and by applying a blended income and market value approach to arrive at the fair values for the shares underlying our options. In the case of the options granted on December 8, 2006, July 6, 2007, August 30, 2007 and October 31, 2007, the fair value is the per share value of our common shares determined by us, with the assistance of an independent third-party valuation specialist, solely for the purpose of financial accounting for employee share-based compensation.
Determining the fair value of our common shares underlying the options granted on December 8, 2006, July 6, 2007, August 30, 2007 and October 31, 2007 required us to make complex and subjective judgments regarding projected financial and operating results, our unique business risks, the liquidity of our shares and our operating history and prospects at the time of grant. We used the income approach in conjunction with the market value approach by assigning a different weight to each of the approaches to estimate the enterprise value of our company when the option was granted. The income approach involves applying appropriate discount rates to estimated cash flows that are based on earnings forecasts. The assumptions used in deriving the fair value of our common shares are consistent with our business plan. These assumptions include: no material changes in the existing political, legal, fiscal and economic conditions in China; our ability to recruit and retain competent management, key personnel and technical staff to support our ongoing operation; and no material deviation in industry trends and market conditions from economic forecasts. These assumptions are inherently uncertain. The risks associated with achieving our forecasts were assessed in selecting the appropriate discount rates. If different discount rates had been used, the valuations would have been different and the amount of share-based compensation would also have been different because the fair value of the underlying common shares for the options granted would be different.
For options granted on each grant date, we used the option-pricing method to allocate equity value to the preferred and the common shares, taking into account the guidance prescribed by the AICPA Audit and Accounting Practice Aid Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation. The option-pricing method involves making estimates of the anticipated timing of a potential liquidity event such as a sale of our company or an initial public offering and estimates of the volatility of our equity securities. The anticipated timing is based on the plans of our board and management. Estimating the volatility of the share price of a privately held company is complex because there is no readily available market for the shares. We estimated the volatility of our shares to range from 31.4% to 36.1%. Had we used different estimates of volatility, the allocations between preferred and common shares would have been different.
From April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2007, we granted the following options to our employees and consultants:
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Options Granted |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price |
Fair value of common shares |
Weighted- Average Fair Value of Options |
Type of Valuation |
|||||||
December 8, 2006 |
1,894,000 | 0.86 | 0.60 | 0.19 | (1 | ) | |||||
April 6, 2007 |
800,739 | 1.90 | 1.52 | 0.22 | (2 | ) | |||||
May 16, 2007 |
200,000 | 1.84 | 1.52 | 0.33 | (2 | ) | |||||
July 6, 2007 |
1,230,000 | 3.545 | 1.78 | 0.04 | (1 | ) | |||||
August 30, 2007 |
1,005,900 | 6.545 | 2.71 | 0.07 | (1 | ) | |||||
October 31, 2007 |
760,000 | 6.545 | 6.31 | 1.30 | (1 | ) |
(1) | By a contemporaneous valuation by a third party valuation specialist. |
(2) | Based on the price of the Series B preferred shares that we issued and sold to third parties for cash. |
For share options granted on December 8, 2006, July 7, 2007, August 30, 2007 and October 31, 2007, we used a combination of the income approach, also known as the discounted cash flow, or DCF, approach, and the market approach to assess the fair value of our common shares underlying the options granted on a contemporaneous basis.
The major assumptions used by us in calculating the fair value of common shares were as follows:
| Weight of DCF and market multiples: We assigned 70% weight to the DCF approach and 30% weight to the market multiples approach because we had achieved visibility of future earnings at the time, which made the DCF approach more meaningful. |
| Weighted average costs of capital, or WACC: We used an estimated WACC of 19.5% for the December 8, 2006 grants, 25% for the July 6, 2007 and August 30, 2007 grants and 20% for the October 31, 2007 grants, which was the combined result of the risk-free rate and our company-specific risk when we continued to grow and meet important milestones. |
| Capital market valuation multiples: We obtained and assessed the then updated capital market valuation data of comparable Chinese and international advertising companies such as Focus Media Holding Limited, Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc., JC Decaux SA, Primedia Limited, Clear Media and Xinhua Finance Media Limited. |
| Discount for lack of marketability: We used a 15% discount rate for December 8, 2006 grants, 5% for the July 6, 2007 and August 30, 2007 grants and 3% for October 31, 2007 grants for lack of marketability of our common shares. |
For the options granted in April and May 2007, management performed valuation to assess the fair value of our common shares underlying the options granted based on the price of the Series B preferred shares that we issued and sold to third parties for cash in March 2007. Series B preferred shares were issued to several institutional investors in March 2007 for cash at a price determined based on the agreed enterprise value of our company. As the transaction was carried out between unrelated parties at arms length basis, we believe that the negotiated equity value represents the fair enterprise value of our company. We used an option-pricing model to allocate the total enterprise value of our company to preferred and common shares.
In addition, we estimate our expected forfeiture rate and recognize expense only for those options that are expected to vest. These estimations are based on past employee retention rates and our expectations of future retention rates. As our operating history is limited, we will prospectively revise our forfeiture rates based on actual history. Our compensation expense may change based on changes to our actual forfeitures.
Changes in these assumptions could significantly affect the amount of employee share-based compensation expense we recognize in our consolidated financial statements.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth a summary, for the periods indicated, of our consolidated results of operations. Our historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.
For the Period from April 8, 2005 to December 31, 2005 |
For the Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2006 | 2007 | ||||||||
(US$, except number of shares) | |||||||||
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations Data | |||||||||
Revenues |
|||||||||
Advertising service revenues |
| 2,033,284 | 27,489,391 | ||||||
Advertising equipment revenues |
290,521 | 1,839,598 | 1,896,200 | ||||||
Total revenues |
290,521 | 3,872,882 | 29,385,591 | ||||||
Cost of revenues |
|||||||||
Advertising service cost |
| 3,967,081 | 12,801,957 | ||||||
Advertising equipment cost |
261,504 | 1,639,895 | 1,583,325 | ||||||
Total cost of revenues |
261,504 | 5,606,976 | 14,385,282 | ||||||
Gross profit (loss) |
29,017 | (1,734,094 | ) | 15,000,309 | |||||
Operating expenses |
386,215 | 2,067,291 | 5,098,576 | ||||||
Government grant |
| 125,953 | | ||||||
Loss from equity method investees |
(104,475 | ) | (469,841 | ) | (1,262,273 | ) | |||
Operating profit (loss) |
(461,673 | ) | (4,145,273 | ) | 8,639,460 | ||||
Interest income |
45,264 | 98,873 | 505,888 | ||||||
Other expenses |
| (22,608 | ) | (95,719 | ) | ||||
Net income (loss) before income taxes |
(416,409 | ) | (4,069,008 | ) | 9,049,629 | ||||
Income taxes |
| | 332,386 | ||||||
Net income (loss) after income taxes |
(416,409 | ) | (4,069,008 | ) | 9,382,015 | ||||
Minority interest |
| | 11,343 | ||||||
Net income (loss) |
(416,409 | ) | (4,069,008 | ) | 9,393,358 | ||||
Deemed dividend on convertible redeemable preferred shares |
| 1,583,333 | 6,625,262 | ||||||
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For the Period from April 8, 2005 to December 31, 2005 |
For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to holders of common shares |
(416,409 | ) | (5,652,341 | ) | 2,768,096 | |||
Net (loss) per common share: |
||||||||
Basic |
(0.02 | ) | (0.26 | ) | 0.11 | |||
Diluted |
(0.02 | ) | (0.26 | ) | 0.11 | |||
Shares used in computation of net income (loss) per share: |
||||||||
Basic |
22,000,000 | 22,000,000 | 24,709,522 | |||||
Diluted |
22,000,000 | 22,000,000 | 25,771,702 | |||||
Share-based compensation expenses during the related periods included in: |
||||||||
Cost of revenues |
| 37,576 | 34,431 | |||||
Selling and marketing expenses |
| 5,374 | 135,722 | |||||
General and administrative expenses |
| 35,802 | 51,209 |
Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2006
Total Revenues. Our total revenues increased significantly to US$29.4 million in 2007 from US$3.9 million in 2006.
| Our advertising service revenues increased significantly to US$27.5 million in 2007 from US$2.0 million in 2006. We experienced a significant increase in advertising service revenues primarily as a result of increased sales of advertising time on our mobile digital television advertising network. To a lesser extent, our advertising service revenues also increased due to sales of advertising time on our stationary advertising platform that commenced operations in May 2007. Our stationary advertising platform accounted for approximately 10.7% of our advertising service revenues in 2007. We also attribute the increase in our advertisement service revenues to the growth of our network to 14 cities as of December 31, 2007 from nine cities as of December 31, 2006. We expect our advertising service revenues from our mobile digital television advertising network and our stationary advertising platform to increase in future periods as our network further penetrates the out-of-home advertising market. |
| Our advertising equipment revenues were US$1.9 million in 2006 and 2007. We expect our advertising equipment revenues in future periods to decrease as a percentage of our total revenues as our existing direct investment entities finish the initial expansion of their local networks and scale back their purchases of digital television displays and related equipment from us. While we still plan to increase the number of our direct investment entities in future periods, we expect our advertising service revenues to grow faster than our advertising equipment revenues. |
Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues increased significantly to US$14.4 million in 2007 from US$5.6 million in 2006.
| Our advertising service cost increased significantly to US$12.8 million in 2007 from US$4.0 million in 2006 due to the following reasons: |
| Our media cost increased significantly to US$10.9 million in 2007 from US$3.8 million in 2006. We experienced a significant increase in media cost primarily due to a large increase in the amount of network rental fees paid to our exclusive agency partner companies to secure advertising time. Our network rental fees for our exclusive agency cities increased significantly to US$10.0 million in 2007 from US$3.6 million in 2006. The number of cities operating under our exclusive agency model increased to five cities as of |
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December 31, 2007 from one city as of December 31, 2006. To a lesser extent, we also attribute the increase in our media cost to (i) increased demand for advertising time in cities operating under our direct investment and outreach agency models that require us to purchase the advertising time from the local mobile digital television network operating in that city, and (ii) payments to the subway companies for our stationary advertising platform beginning in May 2007 to purchase advertising time on the stationary advertising platform in that city. |
| Our depreciation increased significantly to US$0.2 million in 2007 from US$0.01 million in 2006 as a result of the increase in the number of digital television displays located in our exclusive agency cities. |
| Our business tax increased significantly to US$1.2 million in 2007 from US$0.04 million in 2006 as a result of the increase in our revenues. |
| Our other operating costs include salaries and expenses related to installation and maintenance of the displays in our network and increased significantly to US$0.5 million in 2007 from US$0.1 million in 2006, primarily due to the expansion of our network into new cities and also in the cities where we already operated. |
| Our advertising equipment cost was US$1.6 million in 2007 compared to US$1.6 million in 2006. |
Gross Profit (Loss). As a result of the foregoing, our gross profit was US$15.0 million in 2007 compared to a gross loss of US$1.7 million in 2006. Our gross margin increased to 51.0% in 2007 from negative 44.8% in 2006. Our gross margin increased primarily due to the fact that the increase in our total revenues outpaced the increase in our cost of revenues. In addition, our advertising service revenues accounted for a larger percentage of our total revenues in 2007 compared to the same period in 2006, and we recognized a higher gross margin for our advertising service revenues compared to our advertising equipment revenues in 2007. We expect our advertising service revenues to account for an increasing percentage of our total revenues in the foreseeable future.
Operating Expenses. Our operating expenses increased significantly to US$5.1 million in 2007 from US$2.1 million in 2006.
| Selling and Marketing. Selling and marketing expenses increased significantly to US$2.1 million in 2007 from US$0.4 million in 2006. Our selling and marketing expenses increased mainly due to expansion of our sales force along with increases in marketing and promotional expenses incurred by our sales force. The number of our selling and marketing employees increased to 120 as of December 31, 2007 from 59 as of December 31, 2006. |
| General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased to US$2.9 million in 2007 from US$1.7 million in 2006. Our general and administrative expenses increased mainly due to the increase in the size of our administrative staff to support our growing operations and the incremental expenditures associated with our initial public offering. |
Loss from Equity Method Investees. Our loss from equity method investees increased to US$1.3 million in 2007 from US$0.5 million in 2006. We experienced an increase in our loss from equity method investees as a result of (i) an increase in the number of equity method investees to nine as of December 31, 2007 from four as of December 31, 2006 and (ii) the continued expansion of the local networks of our equity method investees. We expect the loss from our existing equity method investees to decrease in future periods as they finish the initial expansion of their local networks and begin to generate advertising service revenues.
Operating Profit (Loss). As a result of the foregoing, our operating profit amounted to US$8.6 million in 2007 as compared to an operating loss of US$4.1 million in 2006.
Interest Income. Our interest income increased to US$0.5 million in 2007 from US$0.1 million in 2006, primarily as a result of higher cash and cash equivalent balances provided by our financing activities. In April 2006, we received US$14.3 million gross proceeds from the issuance of Series A convertible preferred shares. In March and July 2007, we received an aggregate of US$40 million gross proceeds from the issuance of Series B convertible preferred shares. In December 2007, we received an aggregate of US$100.4 million gross proceeds from our initial public offering.
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Other Expenses. Our other expenses increased to US$0.1 million in 2007 from US$0.02 million in 2006 primarily as a result of our exchange rate losses we incurred due to appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar.
Income Taxes. We recognized an income tax benefit of US$0.3 million in 2007, primarily attributable to previous losses carried forward.
Minority Interest. Our minority interest were US$0.01 million in 2007 as a result of the establishment of a new direct investment entity, Guangzhou Jiaojian Multimedia Information Technology Co. Ltd., in 2007.
Net Income (Loss). As a result of the foregoing, our net income amounted to US$9.4 million in 2007 as compared to a net loss of US$4.1 million in 2006.
Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to the Period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005
The financial results discussed below are not comparable on an equal basis because we were founded on April 8, 2005 and had our first full year of operations in 2006. Our network consisted of 16,809 digital television displays as of December 31, 2006 and 667 digital television displays as of December 31, 2005.
Total Revenues. Our total revenues amounted to US$3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and US$0.3 million for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005.
| Our advertising service revenues amounted to US$2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and nil for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. Our advertising service revenues increased in 2006 because we only began recognizing advertising revenues in 2006. |
| Our advertising equipment revenues amounted to US$1.9 million in 2006 and US$0.3 million for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. Our advertising equipment revenues increased because the number of our direct investment entities increased to 8 as of December 31, 2006 from three as of December 31, 2005, and as part of their expansion, our direct investment entities purchased more digital television displays and related equipment from us. |
Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues amounted to US$5.6 million in 2006 and US$0.3 million for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005.
| Our advertising service cost amounted to US$4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and nil for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. |
| Our media cost amounted to US$3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and nil for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. We began to incur media cost in 2006 after we entered into our first exclusive agency agreement in 2006. In addition, we purchased advertising time from our direct investment entities and from other mobile digital television stations in 2006 through our outreach agency model. |
| Our depreciation amounted to US$12,606 for the year ended December 31, 2006 and nil for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. Our depreciation increased in 2006 because the number of digital television displays in our network increased to 16,809 as of December 31, 2006 from 667 as of December 31, 2005. |
| Our business taxes and surcharges amounted to US$39,940 for the year ended December 31, 2006 and nil for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. |
| Our other operating costs include salaries and expenses related to installation and maintenance of the digital television displays in our network and amounted to US$0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and nil for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. |
| Our advertising equipment cost amounted to US$1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and US$0.3 million for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. Our advertising equipment cost increased in 2006 because we purchased more digital television displays from our suppliers for resale to our direct investment entities. |
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Gross Profit (Loss). As a result of the foregoing, our gross loss amounted to US$1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, and our gross profit amounted to US$29,017 for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005.
Operating Expenses. Our operating expenses amounted to US$2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and US$0.4 million for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. The number of our employees increased to 92 as of December 31, 2006 from 17 as of December 31, 2005.
| Selling and Marketing. Selling and marketing expenses amounted to US$393,474 for the year ended December 31, 2006 and US$12,941 for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. |
| General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses amounted to US$1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and US$0.4 million for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. |
Government Grant. Our government grant amounted to US$125,953 for the year ended December 31, 2006 and nil for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005.
Loss from Equity Method Investees. Our loss from equity method investees amounted to US$469,841 for the year ended December 31, 2006 and US$104,475 for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005.
Operating Loss. As a result of the foregoing, our operating loss amounted to US$4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and US$0.5 million for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005.
Interest Income. Our interest income amounted to US$98,873 for the year ended December 31, 2006 and US$45,264 for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005.
Other Expenses. Our other expenses amounted to US$22,608 for the year ended December 31, 2006. We did not incur any other expenses for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005.
Net Loss. As a result of the foregoing, our net loss amounted to US$4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and US$0.4 million for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005.
B. | Liquidity and Capital Resources |
Our liquidity needs include the (i) net cash used in operating activities that consists of the (a) cash required to fund the initial build-out and continued expansion of our network and (b) our working capital needs, which includes payment of our operating expenses and financing of our accounts receivable; and (ii) net cash used in investing activities that consists of the investments in our direct investment entities. To date, we have financed our liquidity needs primarily through proceeds from the issuance of the Series A and Series B convertible preferred shares, proceeds from our initial public offering and cash flows from operations. We raised US$14.3 million from the issuance of Series A convertible preferred shares in April 2006 and US$40.0 million from the issuance of Series B convertible preferred shares in March and July 2007. In December 2007, we received gross proceeds of US$100.4 million from our initial public offering.
On March 5 and March 28, 2007, we borrowed an aggregate amount of RMB17.1 million from Meidi Zhiye, a related party, to fund our working capital requirements. On April 29, 2007, we repaid Meidi Zhiye the total amount of such borrowing.
As of December 31, 2007, we had US$131.1 million in cash. Our cash primarily consists of cash on hand and cash deposited in banks and interest-bearing savings accounts.
We did not generate net income for any quarter since our inception until the three months ended June 30, 2007, in which we generated net income of US$0.3 million. We generated net income of US$9.4 million in 2007. We believe that our current levels of cash and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. We intend to
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maintain our current policies for collections of accounts receivable, which provide a 90-day credit period following the month in which the advertisement is displayed. We expect our accounts receivable to increase as a result of the rapid growth in our advertising service revenues. As we expect the out-of-home advertising market in China to continue growing, we plan to continue expanding our network in the cities where we already operate and into new cities. We also plan to implement new digital technologies and techniques, such as scrolling information bars, to enhance the effectiveness of our advertising network. These scrolling information bars increase the effectiveness of our advertising network by continuously displaying real-time information such as news or stock quotes. As a result, we expect these measures to increase demand for our advertising time. However, we may need additional cash resources in the future if we experience changed business conditions or other developments. We may also need additional cash resources in the future if we find and wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, strategic cooperation or other similar actions. If we determine that our cash requirements exceed the amounts of cash on hand, we may seek to issue debt or equity securities or obtain short-term or long-term bank financing. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for our shareholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants. It is possible that, when we need additional cash resources, financing will only be available to us in amounts or on terms that would not be acceptable to us or financing will not be available at all.
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||
(US$) | |||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
(295,690 | ) | (7,825,769 | ) | (6,000,540 | ) | |||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
(3,282,573 | ) | (3,399,853 | ) | (8,193,279 | ) | |||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
6,060,137 | 13,636,994 | 138,822,631 | ||||||
Effect of changes in exchange rate |
117,204 | 205,243 | 1,295,154 | ||||||
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
2,599,078 | 2,616,615 | 125,923,966 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period/year |
| 2,599,078 | 5,215,693 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period/year |
2,599,078 | 5,215,693 | 131,139,659 |
Operating Activities
Our net cash used in operating activities amounted to US$6.0 million in 2007, US$7.8 million in 2006 and US$0.3 million in the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. Our net cash used in operating activities decrease in 2007 primarily as a result of operating income of US$8.6 million in 2007.
Investing Activities
Our net cash used in investing activities amounted to US$8.2 million in 2007, US$3.4 million in 2006 and US$3.3 million in the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. Our net cash used in investing activities increased in 2007 primarily due to acquisition of fixed assets of US$4.3 million in order to expand our advertising network.
Financing Activities
Our net cash provided by financing activities amounted to US$138.8 million in 2007, US$13.6 million in 2006 and US$6.1 million in the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. Our net cash provided by financing activities in 2006 and 2007 primarily consisted of proceeds from our issuance of Series A and Series B convertible preferred shares and our initial public offering in December 2007.
Capital Expenditures
We had capital expenditures of US$4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, US$0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and US$54,826 for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005. Our capital expenditures were made primarily to acquire digital television displays and related equipment for our network, and beginning in 2007, we also made capital expenditures to upgrade our accounting software and systems. Our capital expenditures are primarily funded by
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net cash provided by financing activities and to a lesser extent by cash generated from our operations. We expect our capital expenditures in 2008 to primarily consist of purchases of digital television displays and related equipment as we continue to expand our mobile digital television advertising network. As opportunities arise, we may make acquisitions of other businesses that complement our operations. We believe that we will be able to fund these upgrades and equipment purchases through our internal cash, and do not anticipate that these obligations will have a material impact on our liquidity needs.
To the extent that we will be required to comply with the National Standard, we may need to incur additional capital expenditures in order to upgrade the mobile digital television receivers, and we believe that these capital expenditures would not materially affect our liquidity.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurement, or SFAS 157. SFAS 157 addresses standardizing the measurement of fair value for companies that are required to use a fair value measure of recognition for recognition or disclosure purposes. The FASB defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measure date. SFAS 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any, of SFAS 157 on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, or SFAS 159. SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We are currently evaluating the impact of SFAS No. 159.
In June 2007, the FASB also ratified EITF 07-3, Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services Received for Use in Future Research and Development Activities, or EITF 07-3. EITF 07-3 requires that nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities be deferred and capitalized and recognized as an expense as the goods are delivered or the related services are performed. EITF 07-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007. We are currently evaluating the impact of EITF -7-3. We do not expect the adoption of EITF 07-3 to have a material effect on the consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R, Business Combination, or SFAS 141R, to improve reporting creating greater consistency in the accounting and financial reporting of business combinations. The standard requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to recognize all (and only) the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction; establishes the acquisition-date fair value as the measurement objective for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed; and requires the acquirer to disclose to investors and other users all of the information they need to evaluate and understand the nature and financial effect of the business combination. SFAS 141R applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. An entity may not apply it before that date. We are currently evaluating whether the adoption of SFAS 141R will have a significant effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, or FASB 160, to improves the relevance, comparability, and transparency of financial information provided to investors by requiring all entities to report noncontrolling (minority) interests in subsidiaries in the same way as required in the consolidated financial statements. Moreover, SFAS 160 eliminates the diversify that currently exists in accounting for transactions between an entity and noncontrolling interests by requiring they be treated as equity transaction. SFAS 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is prohibited. We are currently evaluating whether the adoption of SFAS 160 will have a significant effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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C. | Research and Development |
We do not make, and do not expect to make, significant expenditures on research and development activities.
D. | Trend Information |
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the period from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that caused the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
E. | Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements |
We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. In addition, we have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our own shares and classified as shareholders equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. Moreover, we do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
F. | Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations |
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2007:
Total | Less than 1 year |
1-3 years |
3-5 years |
More than 5 years | ||||||
(US$) | ||||||||||
Long-term purchase agreement |
129,686,869 | 14,685,716 | 32,239,332 | 29,786,929 | 52,974,892 | |||||
Operating lease obligations |
1,433,534 | 537,618 | 400,590 | 202,608 | 292,718 | |||||
Total contractual obligations |
131,120,403 | 15,223,334 | 32,639,922 | 29,989,537 | 53,267,610 |
Operating lease obligations represent leasing arrangements relating to the lease of our office premises.
We have entered into several agreements under our exclusive agency model to purchase advertising time from mobile television companies for a period of five to ten years. As of December 31, 2007, future minimum purchase commitments under these agreements totaled approximately US$129.7 million.
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G. | Safe Harbor |
This annual report contains forward-looking statements that relate to future events, including our future operating results and conditions, our prospects and our future financial performance and condition, all of which are largely based on our current expectations and projections. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled Item 3. Key InformationD. Risk Factors, Item 4. Information on the Company and Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects. These statements are made under the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can identify these forward-looking statements by terminology such as may, will, expect, anticipate, future, intend, plan, believe, estimate, is/are likely to or other and similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements relating to:
| our growth strategies; |
| our future business development, results of operations and financial condition; |
| expected changes in our revenues and certain cost or expense items; |
| our ability to manage the expansion of our operations; |
| changes in general economic and business conditions in China; and |
| trends and competition in the mobile digital television advertising industry. |
The forward-looking statements made in this annual report relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this annual report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.
ITEM 6 | DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES |
A. | Directors and Senior Management |
Directors and Executive Officers
The following table sets forth information regarding our directors and executive officers as of December 31, 2007.
Name |
Age | Position/ Title | ||
Limin Li | 46 | Chairman of the board of directors, chief executive officer | ||
Dina Liu | 36 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
Alfred Tong | 42 | Chief Marketing Officer | ||
Xiaowei Chen | 36 | Chief Strategy Officer | ||
Yi Zhang | 32 | Chief Administrative Officer | ||
Haijun Liu | 44 | Chief Development Officer | ||
Yanqing Liang | 35 | Director | ||
William Decker | 61 | Independent Director | ||
Xisong Tan | 59 | Independent Director | ||
Yunli Lou | 39 | Director |
Limin Li is our co-founder and has been chairman of our board of directors since our inception in 2005 and our chief executive officer since March 2007. Mr. Li has been a director and chairman of Shenzhen Champs Elysees Venture Capital Management Co., Ltd., a PRC company engaging in project financing and investment management, since 2003. He has also been a director and
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chairman of Shenzhen Meidi Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., a PRC real estate development company, since 1997. He has also been a director and chairman of Shenzhen Meiye Enterprise Development Co., Ltd., a PRC manufacturer and distributor of electronic products, since 1992. Mr. Li received a bachelors degree from Wuhan Institute of Physical Education.
Dina Liu has been our chief financial officer since June 2007. Prior to joining our company, Ms. Liu was an audit partner in the technology, communication and entertainment industry group at Ernst & Young Beijing office providing cross-border transactions, Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404 compliance requirements and accounting and audit services to clients seeking access to U.S. capital markets. Prior to transferring to Ernst & Young Beijing office in September 2001, Ms. Liu worked at the San Jose and Toronto offices of Ernst & Young for four years. Ms. Liu received a master of business administration degree from the University of Toronto in 1997 and is a member of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants.
Alfred Tong has been our chief marketing officer since February 2008. From 2005 to February 2008, Mr. Tong served as the marketing director leading media and marketing operations in China for PepsiCo International. From 2001 to 2003, Mr. Tong was the general manager of Leader Advertising in Shanghai. In 2004, he was a vice president of Universal McCann. Mr. Tong began his career as a media planner at BBDO, one of the most prestigious advertising agencies in the world, in Hong Kong in 1985. In 1990, he joined Ogilvy & Mather Hong Kong first as a media manager, and then as a media director in the Guangzhou office. In 1997, Mr. Tong transferred to the Shanghai office of Ogilvy & Mather also as a media director. There, Mr. Tong played an integral role in the set-up of MindShare China, a giant in international strategic media planning, negotiation and execution. In 1999, Mr. Tong left Ogilvy & Mather Shanghai to become the deputy general manager of MindShare Shanghai until 2000. Mr. Tong received a bachelors degree in Communication in Advertising and Marketing from Hong Kong Polytechnic College.
Xiaowei Chen has been our chief strategy officer since August 2006. Mr. Chen has worked for our company since our inception in 2005. He was general manager of Jiangsu Yinhe Operation Management Co., Ltd. from November 2002 to December 2004. He was the executive vice general manager of Xiamen ABBA Group Ltd. from 1997 to 1999. He was general manager of a subsidiary of Xiamen Xindeco Ltd., a company listed in China, from 1993 to 1997. Mr. Chen received a bachelors degree in control science from Xiamen University.
Yi Zhang has been our chief administrative officer since June 2007 and was our chief investment officer from January 2006 to June 2007. From 2004 to 2005, Ms. Zhang was the vice president of Shenzhen Champs Elysees Venture Capital Management Co., Ltd. From 2002 to 2004, she was a senior manager of Shenzhen Development Bank Co., Ltd. Ms. Zhang received a masters degree in European studies from University of Macau, a masters degree in world economics from Wuhan University and a bachelors degree in economics from Wuhan University.
Haijun Liu has been our vice president since July 2006 and has been general manager of Beijing Beiguang Media Mobile Television Advertising Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of our company, since October 2006. From August 2005 to October 2006, Mr. Liu was general manager of Jilin Mobile Television Co., Ltd., a direct investment entity of our company. From 1996 to 2005, he was general manager of Shenzhen Huali Electronic Co., Ltd. Mr. Liu received a bachelors degree and a masters degree in electronic materials from Xian Jiaotong University in 1985 and 1991, respectively.
Yanqing Liang is our co-founder and has been a director of our company since our inception in 2005. Since 2006, she has been a director of Beijing Zonghe Qingrun Investment Co., Ltd. From 1997 to 2005, Ms. Liang worked for the human resource department of the Guangdong branch of China Mobile Limited. Ms. Liang received a bachelors degree from Harbin Normal University in 1997.
William Decker has been a director of our company since December 2007. Mr. Decker has served as an independent director and the chair of the audit committee of Baidu.com, Inc. since October 2005. Mr. Decker is a retired partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. Prior to his retirement in July 2005, Mr. Decker was the senior partner in charge of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPs Global Capital Markets Group. He led a team of more than 300 professionals in 25 countries to provide technical support to non-US companies on SEC regulations and U.S. GAAP reporting and assistance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act compliance work. He was also one of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPs lead authorities on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Mr. Decker received a bachelors degree in accounting from Fairleigh Dickinson University in New Jersey.
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Xisong Tan has been a director of our company since December 2007. Ms. Tan has served as a director and chairwoman of the board of directors of Hairun Ogilvy Entertainment Distribution and Advertising Company since 2005. She also served as a consultant of our company from 2006 until 2007. From 1999 to 2005, Ms. Tan served as general manager of Hong Kong China Advertising Company and president of Hairun Advertising Company. Prior to 1999, she was the director of the advertising department of China Central Television, or CCTV, the director of CCTVs advertisement and economic information center and assistant president of CCTV, which operates the largest television network in China. Ms. Tan is a director of China Advertising Association and a director of China Four- A Advertising Association. She received a bachelors degree from the Party School of the Central Communist Party Commission.
Yunli Lou has been a director of our company since March 2007. Ms. Lou has been a non-executive director of Yuhua TelTech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., a China-based research and development company in the wireless industry, since 2004. Ms. Lou has been a managing director of Milestone Capital Partners Limited since 2007, responsible for the firms overall management, investor relations as well as deal sourcing and execution. She has been a managing partner of Milestone Capital Management Limited since 2002. Before founding Milestone Capital in 2002, Ms. Lou was a vice president of Merrill Lynchs direct investment group, where she was responsible for the firms investment activities in China. Prior to joining Merrill Lynch in 1995, she worked in the corporate finance division of Goldman Sachs in New York and Hong Kong. Ms. Lou received a bachelors degree in economics from Harvard University in 1992.
The business address for all of our executive officers and directors, except Yunli Lou, is 1/F Block No. 7, Champs Elysees, Nongyuan Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518040, the Peoples Republic of China. Yunli Lou uses her business addresses disclosed in Item 6E. Share Ownership.
B. | Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers |
Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers
In 2007, the aggregate cash compensation to our executive officers, including all the directors, was US$0.4 million. For options granted to officers and directors, see 2006 Share Incentive Plan.
2006 Share Incentive Plan
We have adopted our 2006 share incentive plan, or the 2006 share incentive plan, to attract and retain the best available personnel, provide additional incentives to our employees, directors and consultants, and promote the success of our business. The 2006 share incentive plan provides for the grant of options, restricted shares, and restricted share units, collectively referred to as awards. Our board of directors has authorized the issuance of up to 7,000,000 common shares upon exercise of awards granted under our 2006 share incentive plan.
Plan Administration. Our board of directors, or a committee designated by our board or directors, will administer the 2006 share incentive plan. The committee or the full board of directors, as appropriate, will determine the participants to receive awards, the type and number of awards to be granted, and the terms and conditions of each award grant.
Award Agreements. Awards granted under our 2006 share incentive plan are evidenced by an award agreement that sets forth the terms, conditions and limitations for each grant, which may include the term of the award, the provisions applicable in the event that the grantees employment or service terminates, and our authority to unilaterally or bilaterally amend, modify, suspend, cancel or rescind the award.
Transfer Restrictions. The right of a grantee in an award granted under our 2006 share incentive plan may not be transferred in any manner by the grantee other than by will or the laws of succession and, with limited exceptions, may be exercised during the lifetime of the grantee only by the grantee.
Option Exercise. The term of options granted under the 2006 share incentive plan may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The consideration to be paid for our common shares upon exercise of an option or purchase of shares underlying the option may include cash, check or other cash-equivalent, common shares, consideration received by us in a cashless exercise, or any combination of the foregoing methods of payment.
Acceleration upon a Change of Control. If a change of control of our company occurs and a grantee is terminated without cause within one year after such change of control, our board of directors may decide to grant one year acceleration to such terminated grantee. There is no other accelerated vesting in any event.
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Termination and Amendment. Unless terminated earlier, our 2006 share incentive plan will expire after ten years. Our board of directors has the authority to amend or terminate our 2006 share incentive plan subject to shareholder approval to the extent necessary to comply with applicable laws. Shareholders approval is required for any amendment to the 2006 share incentive plan that (i) increases the number of common shares available under the 2006 share incentive plan, (ii) permits our board of directors to extend the exercise period for an option beyond ten years from the grant date, or (iii) results in a material increase in benefits or a change in eligibility requirements.
Our board of directors has only granted options to participants in our 2006 share incentive plan. As of December 31, 2007, there were 4,838,359 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding share options at a weighted average exercise price of US$3.78 per share, and there were 1,413,891 common shares available for future issuance upon the exercise of future grants under our 2006 share incentive plan. The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2007, the options granted to our directors and executive officers and other individuals as a group, without giving effect to options that were exercised or terminated.
The following table summarizes, as of March 31, 2008, our outstanding options:
Name |
Ordinary Shares Underlying Outstanding Options or restricted Shares |
Exercise Price Underlying Outstanding Options ($/Share) |
Grant Date | Expiration Date | ||||||
Limin Li (1) |
350,000 | 6.545 | August 30, 2007 | August 30, 2017 | ||||||
Dina Liu (2) |
726,739 | 1.90 | April 6, 2007 | April 6, 2017 | ||||||
Alfred Tong(3) |
* | 10.3 | March 14, 2008 | March 14, 2008 | ||||||
Xiaowei Chen |
* | 0.60 | December 8, 2006 | December 8, 2016 | ||||||
Yi Zhang |
* | 0.60 | December 8, 2006 | December 8, 2016 | ||||||
Haijun Liu |
* | 1.00 | December 8, 2006 | December 8, 2016 | ||||||
William Decker |
* | 6.545 | October 31, 2007 | October 31, 2017 | ||||||
Xisong Tan |
* | 1.00 | December 8, 2006 | December 8, 2016 | ||||||
Other individuals as group |
3,579,620 | 1.00-6.545 | (4 | ) | (5 | ) |
* | Upon exercise of all options granted, would beneficially own less than 1% of our outstanding common shares, assuming the conversion of all of our outstanding preferred shares. |
(1) | Represents options to purchase 350,000 common shares granted to Front Lead Investments Limited, a British Virgin Island company whose sole shareholder and director is Limin Li. |
(2) | Represents options to purchase 726,739 common shares granted to Barrie Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Island company whose sole shareholder and director is Dina Liu. |
(3) | Represents 33.3% restricted shares and 66.7% options to purchase common shares with exercise price $10.30 granted to Universal Harmony Investment Limited, a British Virgin Island company whose sole shareholder and director is Alfred Tong. |
(4) | Options were granted to other individuals on various dates. |
(5) | Other individuals options expire on various dates. |
C. | Board Practices |
Committees of the Board of Directors
Audit Committee
Our audit committee consists of William Decker, Xisong Tan and Yunli Lou. Our board of directors has determined that each of William Decker and Xisong Tan satisfies the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 4350 of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. Mr. Decker is the chairman of our audit committee and meets the criteria of an audit committee financial expert as set forth under the applicable rules of the SEC. Our audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:
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| selecting our independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by our independent auditors; |
| reviewing with our independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and managements response; |
| reviewing and approving all proposed related-party transactions, as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act; |
| discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and our independent auditors; |
| reviewing major issues as to the adequacy of our internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies; |
| annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter; |
| such other matters that are specifically delegated to our audit committee by our board of directors from time to time; |
| meeting separately and periodically with management and our internal and independent auditors; and |
| reporting regularly to the full board of directors. |
Compensation Committee
Our compensation committee consists of William Decker, Limin Li and Xisong Tan. Our board of directors has determined that each of William Decker and Xisong Tan satisfies the independence requirements of Rule 4350 of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. Our compensation committee assists the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated. The compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:
| reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the total compensation package for our three most senior executives; |
| approving and overseeing the total compensation package for our executives other than the three most senior executives; |
| reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our directors; and |
| reviewing periodically and approving any long-term incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements, annual bonuses, employee pension and welfare benefit plans. |
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
Our corporate governance and nominating committee consists of William Decker, Limin Li and Xisong Tan. Our board of directors has determined that each of William Decker and Xisong Tan satisfies the independence requirements of Rule 4350 of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. Our corporate governance and nominating committee assists the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees. The corporate governance and nominating committee is responsible for, among other things:
| selecting and recommending to the board nominees for election or re-election to the board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy; |
| reviewing annually with the board the current composition of the board with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills, experience and availability of service to us; |
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| selecting and recommending to the board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as well as the corporate governance and nominating committee itself; |
| advising the board periodically with regards to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to the board on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and |
| monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance. |
Duties of Directors
Under Cayman Islands law, our directors have a fiduciary duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the skills they actually possess and such care and diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time. A shareholder has the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached.
The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:
| convening shareholders annual general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings; |
| issuing authorized but unissued shares and redeeming or purchasing outstanding shares of our company; |
| declaring dividends and other distributions; |
| appointing officers and determining the term of office of officers; |
| exercising the borrowing powers of our company and mortgaging the property of our company; and |
| approving the transfer of shares of our company, including the registration of such shares in our share register. |
Terms of Directors and Executive Officers
Our officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors. Our directors are not subject to a term of office and hold office until such time as they are removed from office by special resolution or the unanimous written resolution of all shareholders. A director will be removed from office automatically if, among other things, the director (i) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; or (ii) dies or is found by our company to be or becomes of unsound mind.
Employment Agreements
We have entered into employment agreements with each of our senior executive officers. We may terminate a senior executive officers employment for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the officer, including, but not limited to, a conviction or plea of guilty to a felony, willful misconduct to our detriment or a failure to perform agreed duties. A senior executive officer may terminate his or her employment at any time without penalty if there is a material reduction in his or her authority, duties and responsibilities or if there is a material breach by us, provided that we are allowed to correct or cure within 30 days upon receipt of his or her written notice of intent to terminate on such basis. Furthermore, either we or an executive officer may terminate employment at any time without cause upon advance written notice to the other party. Each senior executive officer is entitled to certain benefits upon termination, including a severance payment equal to three months salary, if he or she resigns for certain specified good reasons or if we terminate his or her employment due to his or her incapacitation. We will indemnify an executive officer for his or her losses based on or related to his or her acts and decisions made in the course of his or her performance of duties within the scope of his or her employment.
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Each senior executive officer has agreed to hold in strict confidence any trade secrets or technical secrets of our company. Each officer also agrees to comply with all material applicable laws and regulations related to his or her responsibilities at our company as well as all material written corporate and business policies and procedures of our company.
D. | Employees |
As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, we had 114 and 216 full-time employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2007, we had 51 employees in management and administration, 120 in sales and marketing and 45 in network maintenance and development.
We plan to hire additional employees in all functions as we grow our business. None of our employees is represented by a labor union or other collective bargaining agreements. Since establishment, we have never experienced a strike or other disruption of employment. We believe our relationships with our employees are good.
The remuneration package of our employees includes salary, bonus, stock options, other cash benefits and benefits in-kind. In accordance with applicable PRC regulations, we participate in a pension contribution plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a personal injury insurance plan and a housing reserve fund. Our total contribution for such employee benefits required by applicable PRC regulations amounted to US$582 for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, US$13,071 for the year ended December 31, 2006 and US$53,387 for the year ended December 31, 2007.
E. | Share Ownership |
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common shares as of March 31, 2008 by:
| each of our directors and executive officers; and |
| each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5.0% of our common shares. |
Shares Beneficially Owned(1)(2) | ||||
Number | % | |||
Directors and Executive Officers: | ||||
Limin Li(3) |
15,502,083 | 22.6 | ||
Yanqing Liang(4) |
6,600,000 | 9.7 | ||
Yunli Lou (5) |
8,050,090 | 11.8 | ||
Dina Liu |
* | * | ||
Alfred Tong |
* | * | ||
Yi Zhang |
* | * | ||
Xiaowei Chen |
* | * | ||
Haijun Liu |
* | * | ||
William Decker |
* | * | ||
Xisong Tan |
* | * | ||
All directors and executive officers as a group(6) |
31,232,791 | 45.2 | ||
Principal Shareholders: |
||||
Front Lead Investments Limited (7) |
15,502,083 | 22.6 | ||
The OZ Funds (8) |
13,219,708 | 19.3 | ||
Milestone I, II and III (9) |
6,708,408 | 9.8 |
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Shares Beneficially Owned(1)(2) | ||||
Number | % | |||
Massive Sheen Investments Limited (10) |
6,600,000 | 9.7 | ||
IPROP Holdings Limited(11) |
4,472,272 | 6.5 | ||
GSPS Asia Limited(12) |
5,366,726 | 7.8 | ||
Columbia Wanger Asset Management, L.P.(13). |
4,020,500 | 5.9 |
* | Upon exercise of all options granted, would beneficially own less than 1.0% of our outstanding common shares. |
(1) | Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities. |
(2) | The number of common shares outstanding in calculating the percentages for each listed person includes the common shares underlying options held by such person that are exercisable within 60 days of the date of this annual report. Percentage of beneficial ownership of each listed person is based on 68,392,038 common shares outstanding as of March 31, 2008, as well as the common shares underlying share options exercisable by such person within 60 days of the date of this annual report. |
(3) | Includes 15,400,000 common shares owned by Front Lead Investments Limited. Mr. Li is the sole director and sole owner of Front Lead Investments Limited. The business address of Mr. Li is c/o VisionChina Media Inc., 1/F Block No. 7, Champs Elysees, Nongyuan Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518040, China. |
(4) | Includes 6,600,000 common shares owned by Massive Sheen Investments Limited. Ms. Liang is the sole director and sole owner of Massive Sheen Investments Limited. The business address of Ms. Liang is c/o VisionChina Media Inc., 1/F Block No. 7, Champs Elysees, Nongyuan Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518040, China. |
(5) | Includes 8,050,090 common shares issuable held by Milestone I, Milestone II, Milestone III and Milestone IV. Yunli Lou, a managing director of Milestone Capital Partners Limited, disclaims beneficial ownership of shares held by Milestone I, Milestone II, Milestone III and Milestone IV except to the extent of her pecuniary interest in these shares. |
(6) | Include common shares held by all of our directors and executive officers as a group and common share issuable upon the exercise of all of the options that are exercisable within 60 days of the date of this annual report held by all of our directors and executive officers. |
(7) | Limin Li is the sole director and sole owner of Front Lead Investments Limited. The business address of Mr. Li is c/o VisionChina Media Inc., 1/F Block No. 7, Champs Elysees, Nongyuan Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518040, China. |
(8) | Includes a total of 13,219,708 common shares held by (i) OZ Master Fund, Ltd., a limited liability company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, (ii) OZ Asia Master Fund, Ltd., a limited liability company incorporated in the Cayman Islands and (iii) OZ Global Special Investments Master Fund, L.P., a limited partnership organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Each of the OZ Funds uses the mailing address: c/o Goldman Sachs (Cayman) Trust Limited, P.O. Box 896, Harbour Centre, Georgetown, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. OZ Management, LP is the investment manager of OZ Master Fund, Ltd. and OZ Asia Master Fund, Ltd. OZ Advisors, LP is the general partner of OZ Global Special Investments Master Fund, L.P. Och-Ziff GP, LLC is the general partner of OZ Management LP and OZ Advisors LP. Daniel S. Och, as senior managing member of Och-Ziff GP, LLC, may be deemed to have investment and/or voting control of the shares held by the OZ Funds. |
(9) | Includes 6,708,408 common shares held by Milestone Mobile TV Media Holdings I Limited, Milestone Mobile TV Media Holdings II Limited, and Milestone Mobile TV Media Holdings III Limited, each of which is a limited liability company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. Each of Milestone I, II and III has a mailing address of P.O. Box 957, Offshore Incorporation Center, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. Milestone I, II and III are wholly owned by Milestone China Opportunities Fund II, L.P., an exempted limited partnership formed under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The general partner of the Milestone China Opportunities Fund II, L.P. is Milestone Capital Partners Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The sole director of Milestone Capital Partners Limited is Cherianne Limited, a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. Yuen Ho Wan and James Ngai, as all of the directors of Milestone Capital Partners Limited, share the investment and voting power of Cherianne Limited. Ms. Wans and Mr. Ngais business address is Room 1708 Dominion Centre, 43-59 Queens Road East, Wanchai, Hong Kong. |
(10) | Yanqing Liang is the sole director and sole owner of Massive Sheen Investments Limited. The business address of Ms. Liang is c/o VisionChina Media Inc., 1/F Block No. 7, Champs Elysees, Nongyuan Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518040, China. |
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(11) | Includes 4,472,272 common shares held by IPROP Holdings Limited, a limited liability company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The mailing address of IPROP Holdings Limited is Citco Building, Wickhams Cay, P.O. Box 662, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. IPROP is wholly owned by VenFin Holdings Limited, which is registered in Jersey. VenFin Holdings Limited is wholly owned by RPII HOLDINGS Limited, which is registered in South Africa, which in turn is wholly owned by VenFin Limited, a widely held public company registered in South Africa whose shares trade in the over the counter market. |
(12) | Includes 5,366,726 common shares held by GSPS Asia Limited, a limited liability company incorporated in Mauritius. GSPS Asia Limiteds mailing address is Level Three, Alexander House, 35 Cybercity, Ebene, Mauritius. GSPS is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. |
(13) | Includes 4,020,500 common shares held by Columbia Wanger Asset Management, L.P., which is a Delaware limited partnership, with the principal business address at 227 West Monroe Street, Suite 3000, Chicago, IL 60606. |
None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company. For information regarding our common shares and ADSs held or beneficially owned by persons in the United States, see Item 9. The Offering and Listing Market Price for Our American Depositary Shares in this annual report.
ITEM 7. | MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
A. | Major Shareholders |
Please refer to Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees Share Ownership.
B. | Related Party Transactions |
We adopted an audit committee charter, which requires that the audit committee review all related party transactions on an ongoing basis and all such transactions be approved by the committee. Set forth below is a description of all of our related party transactions since our inception.
Transactions with Our Direct Investment Entities
Agreements to Purchase Advertising Time from and Sell Advertising Equipment to Our Direct Investment Entities
Under our arrangements with our local operating partners, we are responsible for the procurement of equipment for our direct investment entities, such as digital displays and digital television receivers. We sell the advertising equipment to our direct investment entities at negotiated prices and record the sales of advertising equipment to our direct investment entities as advertising equipment revenues on our financial statements. We had advertising equipment revenues of US$290,521 for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, representing our total revenues for that period, US$1,839,598 for the year ended December 31, 2006, representing 47.5% of our total revenues for 2006 and US$1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing 6.5% of our total revenues for 2007.
We also purchase advertising placement services from our direct investment entities at negotiated prices. For the period from April 8 to December 31, 2005, we did not pay any amounts to our direct investment entities for advertising placement services. For the year ended December 31, 2006, we paid a total amount of US$78,434 to our direct investment entities for the advertising placement services. For the year ended December 31, 2007, we paid a total amount of US$0.3 million to our direct investment entities for the advertising placement services.
Exclusive Agency Agreements with Our Direct Investment Entities
We entered into an exclusive agency agreement with Shenzhen Mobile Television Co., Ltd., or Shenzhen Mobile, in December 2006. This exclusive agency agreement grants us the exclusive right to sell the advertising time on the mobile digital television network in Shenzhen for a term from January 1, 2006 to July 31, 2011. Under the agreement, we pay a pre-determined network rental fee each year to Shenzhen Mobile. We are responsible for installing additional digital television displays on the buses of the Shenzhen public transportation companies that have entered into agreements with Shenzhen Mobile. The cost in connection with such installation is deductible from the rental fees payable by us. The terms of this exclusive agency agreement have been negotiated on an arms length basis.
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We entered into an exclusive agency agreement with Chengdu China Digital Mobile Television Co., Ltd., or Chengdu CDMTV, in July 2007. This exclusive agency agreement grants us the exclusive right to sell the advertising time on the mobile digital television network in Chengdu for a term from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2015. Under the agreement, we pay a pre-determined network rental fee each year to Chengdu CDMTV. Chengdu CDMTV is responsible for installing additional digital television displays on the buses of the Chengdu public transportation companies that have entered into agreements with Chengdu CDMTV. The terms of this exclusive agency have been negotiated on an arms length basis.
We entered into exclusive agency agreements with Wuxi Guangtong Digital Mobile Television Co., Ltd., or Wuxi Guangtong, in September 2007. These agreements grant us the exclusive right to sell a portion of the advertising time on the mobile digital television network in Wuxi to advertisers that are not from Wuxi for a term from October 1, 2007 to December 31, 2013. Under these agreements, we pay a pre-determined network rental fee each year to Wuxi Guangtong. Wuxi Guangtong is responsible for installing additional digital television displays on the buses of the Wuxi public transportation companies that have entered into agreements with Wuxi Guangtong. The terms of this exclusive agency have been negotiated on an arms length basis.
We entered into an exclusive agency agreement with Ningbo China Digital Mobile Television Co., Ltd., or Ningbo CDMTV, in November 2007. This exclusive agency agreement grants us the exclusive right to sell the advertising time on the mobile digital television network in Ningbo for a term from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012. Under the agreement, we pay a pre-determined network rental fee each year to Ningbo CDMTV. Ningbo CDMTV is responsible for installing additional digital television displays on the buses of the Ningbo public transportation companies that have entered into agreements with Ningbo CDMTV. The terms of this exclusive agency have been negotiated on an arms length basis.
Transactions with Companies under Common Control with Us
Lease and loan with Meidi Zhiye
During the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, we rented office space from Shenzhen Meidi Zhiye Development Co., Ltd., a former shareholder of CDMTV, or Meidi Zhiye, for the office space of our headquarters and CDMTV. The rent was determined based on negotiation. Limin Li, our founder and chairman of our board of directors, owns more than 10% of Meidi Ziyes equity interest and is the chairman of Meidi Zhiye. The rental expenses totalled US$26,037 for the period. During the same period, Meidi Zhiye leased another office building to our company for no consideration. The market value of the second lease was approximately US$18,936 for the period. Such amount was then recorded as rental expenses and additional paid-in capital.
On March 5 and March 28, 2007, CDMTV borrowed an aggregate amount of approximately US$2.2 million from Meidi Zhiye to fund its working capital requirements. On April 29, 2007, CDMTV repaid Meidi Zhiye the total amount of borrowing.
Transactions with Champs Elysees
In May 2005, Shenzhen Champs Elysees Investment Management Co., Ltd., or Champs Elysees, borrowed RMB10 million from CDMTV to buy a 49% equity interest in Shenzhen High Definition Digital TV Investment Co., Ltd. from Shenzhen Huazhihui Investment Co. Ltd., an unrelated third party. Champs Elysees then sold such equity interest to CDMTV for the same price. We used Champs Elysees to facilitate the acquisition of the equity interest in Shenzhen High Definition Digital TV Investment Co., Ltd. because when the acquisition was negotiated, CDMTV was in the process of being set up and did not have the legal capacity to enter into the transaction. In February 2006, Champs Elysees repaid the total amount of the loan to CDMTV. Limin Li, our founder and chairman of our board of directors, owns more than 10% of Champs Elyseess equity interest. Mr. Li is also a director and chairman of Champs Elysees.
In January 2005, before its inception, CDMTV entrusted Champs Elysees to purchase a 49% equity interest in Chengdu Digital Mobile Television Co., Ltd. for an aggregate consideration of RMB4.9 million. In December 2005, CDMTV purchased such equity interest from Champs Elysees for the same price.
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In 2005, 2006 and 2007, CDMTV paid renovation charges of US$79,830, US$6,306 and US$347,029, respectively, to Champs Elysees Renovations Co., Ltd., or Champs Elysees Renovations. Limin Lis wife is the chairwoman of Champs Elysees Renovations.
Transaction Related to Our Corporate Structure
Under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, to invest in the advertising industry, foreign investors must have at least two years of direct operations in the advertising industry as their core businesses outside of the PRC. We are a Cayman Islands corporation and a foreign legal person under PRC laws and we have not directly operated any advertising business outside of China. Therefore, we do not qualify under PRC regulations to directly own equity interest in advertising services providers. Accordingly, our subsidiary, CDTC, is ineligible to apply for the required licenses for providing advertising services in China. Our advertising business is operated through our contractual arrangements with CDMTV. CDTC and CDMTV entered into a series of agreements on March 30, 2006, including a technology and management service agreement, a domain name license agreement, a loan agreement, a proxy letter, an option agreement and an equity pledge agreement. CDTC and CDMTV entered into a series of new agreements on February 15, 2007, which replaced the agreements entered into on March 30, 2006 described in the preceding sentence. These contractual arrangements enable us to exercise effective control over CDMTV and its subsidiaries and receive substantially all of the economic benefits of CDMTV and its subsidiaries in consideration for the services provided by our subsidiary in China. We intend to continue our business operations in China upon the expiration of these contractual arrangements by renewing them or entering into new contractual arrangements if the then current PRC law does not allow us to directly operate advertising businesses in China. We believe that, under these contractual arrangements, we have sufficient control over CDMTV and its shareholders to renew or enter into new contractual arrangements prior to the expiration of the current arrangements on terms that would enable us to continue to operate our business in China after the expiration of the current arrangements.
Agreements that Transfer Economic Benefit to Us
Technology and Management Service Agreement. Pursuant to the technology and management service agreement entered into on February 15, 2007 between CDTC and CDMTV, CDTC provides technology consulting and management services related to the business operations of CDMTV. As consideration for such services, CDMTV has agreed to pay service fees as specified by CDTC in its fee notice to CDMTV from time to time. The fees payable are calculated based on hourly rates set forth in the agreement or otherwise agreed upon between the parties. The term of this agreement is 25 years from the date thereof. In the event of a default under this agreement, the non-defaulting party can terminate this agreement.
Domain Name License Agreement. Pursuant to the domain name license agreement entered into on February 15, 2007 between CDTC and CDMTV, CDTC grants CDMTV the exclusive right to use its domain names www.cdmtv.tv and www.cdmg.cn, in exchange for a fee based on the gross annual revenues of CDMTV. The fee is subject to periodic adjustments by the parties. The agreement has a term of 25 years, which may be terminated at any time or extended by CDTC at its discretion. In the event of a default under this agreement, the non-defaulting party can terminate this agreement.
Agreements that Provide Us Effective Control over CDMTV and its Subsidiaries
Loan Agreement. CDTC entered into a loan agreement with Limin Li and Yanqing Liang on February 15, 2007 that allows us to capitalize our PRC operating affiliates and which facilitates the establishment of our current corporate structure. CDTC made an interest-free loan of RMB50 million to the shareholders of CDMTV. The loan can be repaid only with the proceeds from the transfer of the shareholders equity interest in CDMTV to CDTC or another person designated by CDTC pursuant to the Option Agreement as discussed below. In the event of a default under this agreement, the non-defaulting party can terminate this agreement.
Proxy Letter. Limin Li and Yanqing Liang signed certain proxy letters on February 15, 2007, pursuant to which Limin Li and Yanqing Liang have granted an employee of CDTC, who is a PRC citizen, the right to exercise all their voting rights as shareholders of CDMTV as provided under its articles of association. Such grant must be approved by CDTC and the grantee must be an employee of CDTC. If the grantee ceases to be an employee of CDTC, then the grantors will revoke the proxy and grant a similar proxy to a then-current employee of CDTC designated by CDTC. The proxy letters will remain effective until February 15, 2032.
Option Agreement. CDTC and Limin Li and Yanqing Liang entered into an option agreement on February 15, 2007, pursuant to which CDTC has an exclusive option to purchase, or to designate another qualified person to purchase, to the extent permitted by
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PRC law and foreign investment policies, part or all of the equity interests in CDMTV owned by Limin Li and Yanqing Liang. The purchase price for the entire equity interest shall be the greater of (i) RMB50 million and (ii) the minimum price permitted by applicable PRC law and agreed upon by the parties. The option agreement remains in effect until the completion of the transfer of all the shares in accordance with the option agreement. In the event of a default under this agreement, the non- defaulting party can terminate this agreement.
Equity Pledge Agreement. Pursuant to an equity pledge agreement entered into on February 15, 2007, Limin Li and Yanqing Liang have pledged their equity interest in CDMTV to CDTC to secure their obligations under the loan agreement and CDMTVs obligations under the technology and management service agreement and domain name license agreement, each as described above. In addition, shareholders of CDMTV agree not to transfer, sell, pledge, dispose of or create any encumbrance on any equity interests in CDMTV that would affect the pledgees interests. The equity pledge agreement will expire when the shareholders fully perform their obligations under the agreements described above.
C. | Interests of Experts and Counsel |
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
A. | Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information |
We have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.
Legal and Administrative Proceedings
We are currently not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings, and we are not aware of threatened material legal or administrative proceedings against us. We may from time to time become a party to various legal or administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business.
Dividend Policy
Since our incorporation, we have never declared or paid any dividends and we have no present plan to declare and pay any dividends on our common shares or ADSs in the near future. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business. Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.
If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders to the same extent as holders of our common shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our common shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.
B. | Significant Changes |
We have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
ITEM 9. | THE OFFER AND LISTING |
A. | Offering and Listing Details. |
Our ADSs, each representing one of our common shares, have been listed on the Nasdaq Global Market since December 6, 2007 under the symbol VISN. The table below shows, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing prices and the average daily volume of trading activity on the Nasdaq Global Market for our ADSs. The closing price for our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Market on March 31, 2008 was US$11.08 per ADS.
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Closing Price Per ADS | ||||
High | Low | |||
2007 |
||||
Monthly Highs and Lows |
||||
December (From December 6, 2007) |
8.955 | 8.000 | ||
Monthly Highs and Lows |
||||
2008 First Quarter |
||||
January |
9.600 | 6.150 | ||
February |
10.600 | 6.770 | ||
March |
12.000 | 8.850 |
As of March 31, 2008, a total of 14,299,426 ADSs were outstanding. As of March 31, 2008, a total of 17,536,976 common shares were registered in the name of a nominee of The Bank of New York, the depositary for the ADSs. We have no further information as to common shares or ADSs held, or beneficially owned, by US persons.
B. | Plan of Distribution |
Not applicable.
C. | Markets |
Our ADSs, each representing one of our common shares, have been listed on the Nasdaq Global Market since December 6, 2007 under the symbol VISN.
D. | Selling Shareholders |
Not applicable.
E. | Dilution |
Not applicable.
F. | Expenses of the Issue |
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. | ADDITIONAL INFORMATION |
A. | Share Capital |
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability and our affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and the Companies Law, as revised, of the Cayman Islands.
As of the date hereof, our authorized share capital consists of 200,000,000 common shares, with a par value of US$0.0001 each. As of March 31, 2008, there were 68,392,038 common shares issued and outstanding.
B. | Memorandum and Articles of Association |
We incorporate by reference into this annual report the description of our amended and restated memorandum of association contained in our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 29, 2007. Our shareholders adopted our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association by unanimous resolutions on November 8, 2007.
C. | Material Contracts |
We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4. Information on the Company or elsewhere in this annual report.
D. | Exchange Controls |
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Foreign Currency Exchange
Foreign currency exchange regulation in China is primarily governed by the following rules:
| Foreign Currency Administration Rules (1996), as amended, or the Exchange Rules; and |
| Administration Rules of the Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange (1996), or the Administration Rules. |
Under the Exchange Rules, the Renminbi is convertible for current account items, including the distribution of dividends, interest payments, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions. Conversion of Renminbi for capital account items, such as direct investment, loan, security investment and repatriation of investment, however, is still subject to the approval of the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE.
Under the Administration Rules, foreign-invested enterprises may only buy, sell and/or remit foreign currencies at those banks authorized to conduct foreign exchange business after providing valid commercial documents and, in the case of capital account item transactions, obtaining approval from the SAFE. Capital investments by foreign-invested enterprises outside of China are also subject to limitations, which include approvals by the Ministry of Commerce, the SAFE and the State Reform and Development Commission.
E. | Taxation |
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Certain United States Federal Income Tax Consequences
The following summary describes the material United States federal income tax consequences of the ownership of our Shares and ADSs as of the date hereof. The discussion is applicable to United States Holders (as defined below) who hold our Shares or ADSs as capital assets. As used herein, the term United States Holder means a beneficial owner of a Share or ADS that is for United States federal income tax purposes:
| an individual citizen or resident of the United States; |
| a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| a trust if it (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable United States Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person. |
This summary does not represent a detailed description of the United States federal income tax consequences applicable to you if you are subject to special treatment under the United States federal income tax laws, including if you are:
| a dealer in securities or currencies; |
| a financial institution; |
| a regulated investment company; |
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| a real estate investment trust; |
| an insurance company; |
| a tax-exempt organization; |
| a person holding our Shares or ADSs as part of a hedging, integrated or conversion transaction, a constructive sale or a straddle; |
| a trader in securities that has elected the mark-to-market method of accounting for your securities; |
| a person liable for alternative minimum tax; |
| a person who owns 10% or more of our voting stock; |
| a partnership or other pass-through entity for United States federal income tax purposes; or |
| a person whose functional currency is not the United States dollar. |
The discussion below is based upon the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), and regulations, rulings and judicial decisions thereunder as of the date hereof, and such authorities may be replaced, revoked or modified so as to result in United States federal income tax consequences different from those discussed below. In addition, this summary is based, in part, upon representations made by the depositary to us and assumes that the deposit agreement, and all other related agreements, will be performed in accordance with their terms.
If a partnership holds Shares or ADSs, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding our Shares or ADSs, you should consult your tax advisors.
This summary does not contain a detailed description of all the United States federal income tax consequences to you in light of your particular circumstances and does not address the effects of any state, local or non-United States tax laws. If you are considering the purchase, ownership or disposition of our Shares or ADSs, you should consult your own tax advisors concerning the United States federal income tax consequences to you in light of your particular situation as well as any consequences arising under the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction.
The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that intermediaries in the chain of ownership between the holder of an ADS and the issuer of the security underlying the ADS may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits for United States holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax, described below, applicable to dividends received by certain non-corporate holders. Accordingly, the analysis of the creditability of PRC taxes and the availability of the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain non-corporate holders, each described below, could be affected by actions taken by intermediaries in the chain of ownership between the holder of an ADS and our company.
ADSs
If you hold ADSs, for United States federal income tax purposes, you generally will be treated as the owner of the underlying Shares that are represented by such ADSs. Accordingly, deposits or withdrawals of Shares for ADSs will not be subject to United States federal income tax.
Taxation of Dividends
Subject to the discussion under Passive Foreign Investment Company below, the gross amount of distributions on the ADSs or Shares will be taxable as dividends, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal income tax principles. Such income will be includable in your gross income as ordinary income on the day actually or constructively received by you, in the case of the Shares, or by the depositary, in the case of ADSs. Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations under the Code.
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With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders, certain dividends received before January 1, 2011 from a qualified foreign corporation may be subject to reduced rates of taxation. A foreign corporation is treated as a qualified foreign corporation with respect to dividends paid by that corporation on shares (or ADSs backed by such shares) that are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. U.S. Treasury Department guidance indicates that our ADSs (which we have applied to list on the Nasdaq Global Market), but not our Shares, are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Thus, we believe that dividends we pay on our Shares that are represented by ADSs, but not on our Shares that are not so represented, currently meet such conditions required for the reduced tax rates. There can be no assurance that our ADSs will be considered readily tradable on an established securities market in later years. A qualified foreign corporation also includes a foreign corporation that is eligible for the benefits of certain income tax treaties with the United States. In the event that we are deemed to be a Chinese resident enterprise under the PRC tax law, we may be eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC, and if we are eligible for such benefits, dividends we pay on our Shares, regardless of whether such shares are represented by ADSs, would be subject to the reduced rates of taxation. Non-corporate U.S. Holders that do not meet a minimum holding period requirement during which they are not protected from the risk of loss or that elect to treat the dividend income as investment income pursuant to Section 163(d)(4) of the Code will not be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation regardless of our status as a qualified foreign corporation. In addition, the rate reduction will not apply to dividends if the recipient of a dividend is obligated to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. This disallowance applies even if the minimum holding period has been met. You should consult your own tax advisors regarding the application of this legislation to your particular circumstances.
In the event that we are deemed to be a Chinese resident enterprise under the PRC tax law, you may be subject to PRC withholding taxes on dividends paid to you with respect to the ADSs or Shares. In that case, however, you may be able to obtain a reduced rate of PRC withholding taxes under the treaty between the United States and the PRC if certain requirements are met. In addition, subject to certain conditions and limitations, PRC withholding taxes on dividends, if any, may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under your particular circumstances.
To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits for a taxable year, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, it will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your ADSs or Shares, and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds your tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain. We do not expect to keep earnings and profits in accordance with United States federal income tax principles. Therefore, you should expect that a distribution will generally be reported as a dividend (as discussed above).
Passive Foreign Investment Company
Although our status as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, is a legal determination, based on the projected composition of our income and valuation of our assets, including goodwill, we do not expect to be a PFIC for 2007, and we do not expect to become one in the future, although there can be no assurance in this regard. Because the determination of PFIC status requires extensive factual investigation, including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and the character of each item of income we earn, this determination, although ultimately legal in nature, is beyond the scope of legal counsels role and, accordingly, our U.S. counsel expresses no opinion with respect to our PFIC status and also expresses no opinion with respect to our expectations contained in this paragraph.
In general, we will be a PFIC for any taxable year in which:
| at least 75% of our gross income is passive income, or |
| at least 50% of the value (determined based on a quarterly average) of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. |
For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties and rents (other than royalties and rents derived in the active conduct of a trade or business and not derived from a related person). If we own at least 25% (by value) of the stock of another corporation, we will be treated, for purposes of the PFIC tests, as owning our proportionate share of the other corporations assets and receiving our proportionate share of the other corporations income.
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The determination of whether we are a PFIC is made annually. Accordingly, it is possible that we may become a PFIC in the current or any future taxable year due to changes in our asset or income composition. Because we have valued our goodwill based on the market value of our equity, a decrease in the price of our ADSs may also result in our becoming a PFIC. In addition, the composition of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend the cash we raise in this offering. If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our ADSs or Shares, you will be subject to special tax rules discussed below.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our ADSs or Shares, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any excess distribution received and any gain realized from a sale or other disposition, including a pledge, of ADSs or Shares. Distributions received in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the ADSs or Shares will be treated as excess distributions. Under these special tax rules:
| the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the ADSs or Shares, |
| the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and |
| the amount allocated to each other year will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year. |
In addition, non-corporate United States Holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividends received from us prior to January 1, 2011, if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year. You will be required to file Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 if you hold our ADSs or Shares in any year in which we are classified as a PFIC.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year and any of our foreign subsidiaries is also a PFIC, a United States Holder would be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC for purposes of the application of these rules. You are urged to consult your tax advisors about the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.
In certain circumstances, in lieu of being subject to the excess distribution rules discussed above, you may make an election to include gain on the stock of a PFIC as ordinary income under a mark-to-market method, provided that such stock is regularly traded on a qualified exchange. Under current law, the mark-to-market election may be available to holders of ADSs because the ADSs will be listed on the Nasdaq Global Market, which constitutes a qualified exchange, although there can be no assurance that the ADSs will be regularly traded for purposes of the mark-to-market election. If you make an effective mark-to-market election, you will include in each year as ordinary income the excess of the fair market value of your ADSs at the end of the year over your adjusted tax basis in the ADSs. You will be entitled to deduct as an ordinary loss each year the excess of your adjusted tax basis in the ADSs over their fair market value at the end of the year, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election.
Your adjusted tax basis in the ADSs will be increased by the amount of any income inclusion and decreased by the amount of any deductions under the mark-to-market rules. If you make a mark-to-market election it will be effective for the taxable year for which the election is made and all subsequent taxable years unless the ADSs are no longer regularly traded on a qualified exchange or the Internal Revenue Service consents to the revocation of the election. You are urged to consult your tax advisor about the availability of the mark-to-market election, and whether making the election would be advisable in your particular circumstances.
Alternatively, you can sometimes avoid the rules described above with respect to the stock you own in a PFIC by electing to treat such PFIC as a qualified electing fund under Section 1295 of the Code. However, this option is not available to you because we do not intend to comply with the requirements necessary to permit you to make this election. You are urged to consult your tax advisors concerning the United States federal income tax consequences of holding ADSs or Shares if we are considered a PFIC in any taxable year.
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Taxation of Capital Gains
For United States federal income tax purposes and subject to the discussion under Passive Foreign Investment Company above, you will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale or exchange of ADSs or Shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized for the ADSs or Shares and your tax basis in the ADSs or Shares. Such gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss. Capital gains of individuals derived with respect to capital assets held for more than one year are eligible for reduced rates of taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss recognized by you will generally be treated as United States source gain or loss. However, in the event that we are deemed to be a Chinese resident enterprise under the PRC tax law, we may be eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC. Under that treaty, if any PRC tax were to be imposed on any gain from the disposition of the ADSs, the gain would be treated as PRC-source income. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the tax consequences if a foreign withholding tax is imposed on a disposition of ADSs or shares, including the availability of the foreign tax credit under your particular circumstances.
Information reporting and backup withholding
In general, information reporting will apply to dividends in respect of our ADSs or Shares and the proceeds from the sale, exchange or redemption of our ADSs or Shares that are paid to you within the United States (and in certain cases, outside the United States), unless you are an exempt recipient such as a corporation. A backup withholding tax may apply to such payments if you fail to provide a taxpayer identification number or certification of other exempt status or fail to report in full dividend and interest income.
Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or a credit against your United States federal income tax liability provided the required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.
F. | Dividends and Paying Agents |
Not applicable.
G. | Statement by Experts |
Not applicable.
H. | Documents on Display |
We have filed this annual report, including exhibits, with the SEC. As allowed by the SEC, in Item 19 of this annual report, we incorporate by reference certain information we filed with the SEC. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this annual report.
You may read and copy this annual report, including the exhibits incorporated by reference in this annual report, at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 and at the SECs regional offices in New York, New York and Chicago, Illinois. You can also request copies of this annual report, including the exhibits incorporated by reference in this annual report, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing information on the operation of the SECs Public Reference Room.
The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC. Our annual report and some of the other information submitted by us to the SEC may be accessed through this web site.
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
We will furnish our shareholders with annual reports, which will include a review of operations and annual audited consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP.
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I. | Subsidiary Information |
For a listing of our subsidiaries, see Item 4. C. of this annual report, Information on the Company Organizational Structure.
ITEM 11. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
Foreign Exchange Risk
Substantially all of our revenues, costs and expenses are denominated in Renminbi. Although the conversion of the Renminbi is highly regulated in China, the value of the Renminbi against the value of the U.S. dollar or any other currency nonetheless may fluctuate and be affected by, among other things, changes in Chinas political and economic conditions. Under the currency policy in effect in China today, the value of the Renminbi is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. China is currently under significant international pressures to liberalize this government currency policy, and if such liberalization were to occur, the value of the Renminbi could appreciate or depreciate against the U.S. dollar.
We use the U.S. dollar as the reporting currency for our financial statements. Our companys functional currency is the U.S. dollar and the functional currency of CDTC and CDMTV is the Renminbi. All of our subsidiarys transactions in currencies other than the Renminbi during the year are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the relevant dates of such transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities of our subsidiary existing at the balance sheet date denominated in currencies other than the Renminbi are re-measured at the exchange rates prevailing on such date. Exchange differences are recorded in our consolidated statements of operations. Fluctuations in exchange rates may also affect our consolidated financial statements and operations. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars received in our initial public offering into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the amount of Renminbi that we receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our common shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amounts available to us. Considering the amount of our cash balance as of December 31, 2007, a 1.0% change in the exchange rates between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar will result in an increase or decrease of RMB9.6 million (US$1.3 million) for our total amount of cash balance. We received net proceeds from our initial public offering of approximately US$96.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us. Assuming that we convert the full amount of the net proceeds from our initial public offering into Renminbi, a 1.0% change in the exchange rates between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar will result in an increase or decrease of RMB7.1 million (US$1.0 million) of the net proceeds from this offering.
We do not believe that we currently have any significant direct foreign exchange risk and have not used any derivative financial instruments to hedge exposure in foreign exchange risk.
Interest Rate Risk
We have not been, nor do we anticipate being, exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. Our risk exposure to changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by cash deposited in interest-bearing savings accounts. We did not have any bank borrowing as of December 31, 2007. We have not used, and do not expect to use in the future, any derivative financial instruments to hedge our interest risk exposure.
ITEM 12. | DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES |
Not Applicable.
ITEM 13. | DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES |
None of these events occurred in the period from April 8, 2005 to December 31, 2005 or any of the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007.
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ITEM 14. | MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS |
See Item 10. Additional Information for a description of the rights of securities holders, which remain unchanged.
We completed our initial public offering of 13,500,000 common shares, in the form of ADSs, at US$8.00 per ADS in December 2007, after our common shares and American Depositary Receipts were registered under the Securities Act. The aggregate price of the offering amount registered and sold was US$108.0 million, of which we received net proceeds of US$96.9 million. The effective date of our registration statement on Form F-1 (File number: 333-147275) was December 5, 2007. Credit Suisse and Merrill Lynch were the joint global coordinators and book runners for the global offering of our ADSs.
We have used the net proceeds received from our initial public offering as follows:
| up to US$85 million for the expansion of our network into new cities and new media platforms; and |
| the remaining portion of the net proceeds for other general corporate purposes and for potential acquisitions of complementary businesses, although we are not currently negotiating any such transactions. |
As of December 31, 2007, our cash resources amounted to US$131.1 million, comprising of cash on hand and demand deposits.
ITEM 15. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this annual report, an evaluation has been carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rules 13a-14(c) and 15d-14(c) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed in this annual report is recorded, processed, summarized and reported to them for assessment, and required disclosure is made within the time period specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
We believe that a system of disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls and procedures are met.
Managements Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
This annual report does not include a report of managements assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of the companys registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission for newly public companies.
Changes in Internal Controls
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during 2007 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 16A. | AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT |
Our Board of Directors has determined that William Decker qualify as audit committee financial expert as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F.
ITEM 16B. | CODE OF ETHICS |
Our board of directors has adopted a code of ethics that applies to our directors, officers, employees and agents, including certain provisions that specifically apply to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Strategy Officer, Chief
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Administrative Officer, Vice Presidents, Financial Controller and any other persons who perform similar functions for us. We have filed our code of business conduct and ethics as an exhibit to our registration statement on Form F-1. We hereby undertake to provide to any person without charge, a copy of our code of business conduct and ethics within ten working days after we receive such persons written request.
ITEM 16C. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES |
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd., our principal external auditors, for the periods indicated. We did not pay any other fees to our auditors during the periods indicated below.
For the Period from April 8, 2005 to December 31, 2005 |
For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||
Audit fees(1) |
60,412 | 115,256 | 308,447 | |||
Tax Fees(2) |
| | 35,643 | |||
Other Fees(3) |
| | 800,000 | |||
60,412 | 115,256 | 1,144,090 |
(1) | Audit fees include the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal period listed for professional services rendered by our principal auditors for the audit of our annual financial statements. |
(2) | Tax fees include fees billed for tax consultations. |
(3) | Other fees include the aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services by our principal auditors that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under audit fees. Services comprising the fees disclosed under the category of other fees involve principally the issue of comfort letter and rendering of listing advice in 2007 in connection with our initial public offering. |
The policy of our audit committee or our board of directors is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd., including audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services as described above, other than those for de minimus services which are approved by the Audit Committee or our board of directors prior to the completion of the audit.
ITEM 16D. | EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES |
Not applicable.
ITEM 16E. | PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS. |
None.
ITEM 17. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.
ITEM 18. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
The following financial statements are filed as part of this annual report, together with the report of the independent auditors:
| Independent Auditors Report |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 |
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| Consolidated Statements of Operations for the period from April 8, 2005 to December 31, 2005 and for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 |
| Consolidated Statements of Changes of Shareholders Equity and Comprehensive Income for the period from for April 8, 2005 to December 31, 2005 and for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 |
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the period from for April 8, 2005 to December 31, 2005 and for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
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ITEM 19. | EXHIBITS |
Exhibit |
Description of Document | |
1.1 | Memorandum and Articles of Association of VisionChina Media Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
1.2 | Form of Second Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of VisionChina Media Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
2.1 | Specimen Certificate for Common Shares of VisionChina Media Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
2.2 | Form of American Depositary Receipt of VisionChina Media Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
2.3 | Form of Deposit Agreement among VisionChina Media Inc., the depositary and owners and beneficial owners of the American Depositary Receipts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.1 | Share Purchase Agreement, dated April 12, 2006, in respect of the sale of Series A preferred shares of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.2 | Share Purchase Agreement, dated March 9, 2007, in respect of the sale of Series B preferred shares of the Registrant. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.3 | Shareholders Agreement, dated April 12, 2006, among the Registrant and certain investors in Registrants Series A preferred shares. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.4 | Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement, dated March 9, 2007, among the Registrant and certain investors in Registrants Series A preferred shares and certain investors in Registrants Series B preferred shares. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.5 | Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement, dated November 8, 2007, among the same parties (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.6 | Registrants 2006 Share Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.7 | Form of Indemnification Agreement with the Registrants directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.8 | Translation of Loan Agreement dated February 15, 2007 among China Digital Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and Limin Li and Yanqing Liang. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) |
85
4.9 | Translation of Loan Agreement dated March 31, 2006 among China Digital Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and Limin Li and Yanqing Liang. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.10 | Translation of Technology Service and Management Agreement dated February 15, 2007 between China Digital Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and China Digital Mobile Television Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.11 | Translation of Technology Service and Management Agreement dated March 31, 2006 between China Digital Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and China Digital Mobile Television Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.12 | Translation of Domain Name License Agreement dated February 15, 2007 between China Digital Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and China Digital Mobile Television Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.13 | Translation of Domain Name License Agreement dated March 31, 2006 between China Digital Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and China Digital Mobile Television Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.14 | Translation of Option Agreement dated February 15, 2007 among China Digital Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and Limin Li and Yanqing Liang. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.15 | Translation of Option Agreement dated March 31, 2006 among China Digital Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and Limin Li and Yanqing Liang. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.16 | Translation of Proxy Letter dated March 31, 2006 and Amendment to Proxy Letter dated February 15, 2007 of Limin Li. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.17 | Translation of Proxy Letter dated March 31, 2006 and Amendment to Proxy Letter dated February 15, 2007 of Yanqing Liang. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.18 | Translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated February 15, 2007 among China Digital Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and Limin Li and Yanqing Liang. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.19 | Translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated March 31, 2006 among China Digital Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and Limin Li and Yanqing Liang. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) |
86
4.20 | Translation of Cooperation Agreement dated October 13, 2006 between China Digital Mobile Television Co., Ltd. and Beijing Beiguang Media Mobile Television Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
4.21 | Translation of Advertising Time on Bus Mobile Television Platform in Shenzhen Exclusive Agency Agreement dated December 31, 2006 between China Digital Mobile Television Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Mobile Television Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
8.1 | List of Subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 9, 2007) | |
11.1 | Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-147275), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on November 29, 2007) | |
12.1* | CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
12.2* | CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
13.1* | CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
13.2* | CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
* | Filed with this annual report |
87
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing its annual report on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC. | ||
By | /s/ Limin Li | |
Name: | Limin Li | |
Title: | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
Date: April 3, 2008
88
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of VisionChina Media Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of VisionChina Media Inc. and its subsidiary and variable interest entity (the Company) as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005 and for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, and related financial statement schedule included in Schedule I. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing the audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005 and for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
/s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd. |
Shenzhen, China |
March 31, 2008 |
F-2
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares)
Notes | December 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2007 |
||||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||||
Current Assets: |
||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 5,215,693 | $ | 131,139,659 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $73,354 and nil as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively |
832,345 | 13,256,450 | ||||||||
Amounts due from related parties |
15 | 1,532,696 | 3,632,864 | |||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
3 | 3,284,326 | 9,683,059 | |||||||
Deferred tax assets, net |
11 | | 332,386 | |||||||
Total current assets |
$ | 10,865,060 | $ | 158,044,418 | ||||||
Non-current Assets: |
||||||||||
Fixed assets, net |
4 | $ | 442,640 | $ | 7,709,204 | |||||
Investments under equity method |
5 | 3,747,493 | 6,714,853 | |||||||
Other investments |
6 | 1,988,583 | 2,128,732 | |||||||
Long-term prepaid expenses |
3 | | 703,069 | |||||||
Total non-current assets |
$ | 6,178,716 | $ | 17,255,858 | ||||||
TOTAL ASSETS |
$ | 17,043,776 | $ | 175,300,276 | ||||||
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||||
Current Liabilities: |
||||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 575,520 | $ | 4,236,695 | ||||||
Amounts due to related parties |
15 | 185,409 | 327,532 | |||||||
Accured expenses and other current liabilities |
7 | 480,854 | 6,054,552 | |||||||
Total current liabilities |
$ | 1,241,783 | $ | 10,618,779 | ||||||
Commitments |
13 | |||||||||
Minority interest |
$ | | $ | 652,678 | ||||||
Mezzanine equity |
||||||||||
Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares ($0.0001 par value; 14,250,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2006 (liquidation value: $21,375,000)) |
8 | $ | 15,220,327 | $ | | |||||
Shareholders equity |
||||||||||
Common shares ($0.0001 par value; 50,000,000 and 200,000,000 shares authorized; 22,000,000 and 68,386,838 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively) |
9 | 2,200 | $ | 6,839 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
6,136,689 | 163,820,443 | ||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(6,068,750 | ) | (3,300,654 | ) | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
511,527 | 3,502,191 | ||||||||
Total shareholders equity |
$ | 581,666 | $ | 164,028,819 | ||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
$ | 17,043,776 | $ | 175,300,276 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-3
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars (US$), except number of shares and per share data)
Notes | For the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005 |
For the year ended December 31, |
|||||||||
2006 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Revenues: |
|||||||||||
Advertising service revenue |
| 2,033,284 | 27,489,391 | ||||||||
Advertising equipment revenue |
290,521 | 1,839,598 | 1,896,200 | ||||||||
Total revenues: |
290,521 | 3,872,882 | 29,385,591 | ||||||||
Cost of revenues: |
|||||||||||
Advertising service cost |
| 3,967,081 | 12,801,957 | ||||||||
Advertising equipment cost |
261,504 | 1,639,895 | 1,583,325 | ||||||||
Total cost of revenues: |
261,504 | 5,606,976 | 14,385,282 | ||||||||
Gross profit (loss) |
29,017 | (1,734,094 | ) | 15,000,309 | |||||||
Operating expenses: |
|||||||||||
Selling and marketing |
12,941 | 393,474 | 2,149,067 | ||||||||
General and administrative |
373,274 | 1,673,817 | 2,949,509 | ||||||||
Total operating expenses |
386,215 | 2,067,291 | 5,098,576 | ||||||||
Government grant |
| 125,953 | | ||||||||
Loss from equity method investees |
(104,475 | ) | (469,841 | ) | (1,262,273 | ) | |||||
Operating profit (loss) |
(461,673 | ) | (4,145,273 | ) | 8,639,460 | ||||||
Interest income |
45,264 | 98,873 | 505,888 | ||||||||
Other expenses |
| (22,608 | ) | (95,719 | ) | ||||||
Net income (loss) before income taxes |
(416,409 | ) | (4,069,008 | ) | 9,049,629 | ||||||
Income taxes |
11 | | | 332,386 | |||||||
Net income (loss) after income taxes |
(416,409 | ) | (4,069,008 | ) | 9,382,015 | ||||||
Minority interest |
| | 11,343 | ||||||||
Net income (loss) |
(416,409 | ) | (4,069,008 | ) | 9,393,358 | ||||||
Deemed dividend on convertible redeemable preferred shares |
| 1,583,333 | 6,625,262 | ||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to holders of common shares |
(416,409 | ) | (5,652,341 | ) | 2,768,096 | ||||||
Net income (loss) per share: |
|||||||||||
Basic |
(0.02 | ) | (0.26 | ) | 0.11 | ||||||
Diluted |
(0.02 | ) | (0.26 | ) | 0.11 | ||||||
Shares used in computation of net income (loss) per share: |
|||||||||||
Basic |
22,000,000 | 22,000,000 | 24,709,522 | ||||||||
Diluted |
22,000,000 | 22,000,000 | 25,771,702 | ||||||||
Share-based compensation expenses during the related periods included in: |
|||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
| 37,576 | 34,431 | ||||||||
Selling and marketing expenses |
| 5,374 | 135,722 | ||||||||
General and administrative expenses |
| 35,802 | 51,209 | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES OF
SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares)
Common shares | Additional paid-in capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
Total shareholders equity |
Comprehensive Income (losses) |
|||||||||||||
Number | Amount | |||||||||||||||||
Balance at April 8, 2005 (Date of inception) |
| | | | | | ||||||||||||
Issue of shares |
22,000,000 | 2,200 | 6,039,001 | | | 6,041,201 | ||||||||||||
Deemed shareholders contribution |
| | 18,936 | | | 18,936 | ||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment |
| | | | 150,078 | 150,078 | 150,078 | |||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | (416,409 | ) | | (416,409 | ) | (416,409 | ) | ||||||||
(266,331 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2005 |
22,000,000 | 2,200 | 6,057,937 | (416,409 | ) | 150,078 | 5,793,806 | |||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
| | 78,752 | | | 78,752 | ||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment |
| | 361,449 | 361,449 | 361,449 | |||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | (4,069,008 | ) | | (4,069,008 | ) | (4,069,008 | ) | ||||||||
(3,707,559 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Deemed dividend on convertible redeemable preferred shares |
| | | (1,583,333 | ) | | (1,583,333 | ) | ||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2006 |
22,000,000 | 2,200 | 6,136,689 | (6,068,750 | ) | 511,527 | 581,666 | |||||||||||
Issuance of common shares pursuant to initial public offering |
13,500,000 | 1,350 | 100,438,650 | 100,440,000 | ||||||||||||||
Direct offering expenses |
(3,725,432 | ) | (3,725,432 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Conversion of redeemable preferred shares to common shares |
32,139,088 | 3,214 | 60,106,814 | 60,110,028 | ||||||||||||||
Exercise of share options |
747,750 | 75 | 642,360 | 642,435 | ||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
221,362 | 221,362 | ||||||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment |
2,990,664 | 2,990,664 | 2,990,664 | |||||||||||||||
Net income |
9,393,358 | 9,393,358 | 9,393,358 | |||||||||||||||
12,384,022 | ||||||||||||||||||
Deemed dividend on convertible redeemable preferred shares |
(6,625,262 | ) | (6,625,262 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
68,386,838 | 6,839 | 163,820,443 | (3,300,654 | ) | 3,502,191 | 164,028,819 | |||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars (US$), except number of shares and per share data)
For the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005 |
For the year ended December 31, |
||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
|||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (416,409 | ) | $ | (4,069,008 | ) | 9,393,358 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
|||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
| 72,146 | | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
3,743 | 41,491 | 306,491 | ||||||||
Loss from equity investees |
104,475 | 469,841 | 1,262,273 | ||||||||
Share-based compensation |
| 78,752 | 221,362 | ||||||||
Waived of rental expenses by a former shareholder |
18,936 | | | ||||||||
Deferred tax |
| | (332,386 | ) | |||||||
Minority interest |
| | (11,343 | ) | |||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
|||||||||||
Accounts receivables |
| (890,782 | ) | (11,918,577 | ) | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
(132,061 | ) | (3,108,504 | ) | (6,719,468 | ) | |||||
Amounts due from related parties |
(42,905 | ) | (1,386,012 | ) | (1,904,292 | ) | |||||
Accounts payable |
73,555 | 471,521 | 531,573 | ||||||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
94,976 | 376,816 | 3,028,758 | ||||||||
Amounts due to related parties |
| 117,970 | 141,712 | ||||||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
(295,690 | ) | (7,825,769 | ) | (6,000,540 | ) | |||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
|||||||||||
Acquisition of fixed assets |
(54,826 | ) | (405,427 | ) | (4,338,779 | ) | |||||
Amounts due from related parties |
(1,224,080 | ) | 1,259,525 | | |||||||
Investments in under equity method investment |
(2,003,667 | ) | (2,274,386 | ) | (3,854,500 | ) | |||||
Other investments |
| (1,979,565 | ) | | |||||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(3,282,573 | ) | (3,399,853 | ) | (8,193,279 | ) | |||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
|||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of issuance cost |
6,060,137 | | 99,230,318 | ||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares, net of issuance cost |
| 13,636,994 | | ||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares, net of issuance cost |
| | 38,264,439 | ||||||||
Contributions from a minority shareholder of a subsidiary |
| | 685,439 | ||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of share options |
| | 642,435 | ||||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
6,060,137 | 13,636,994 | 138,822,631 | ||||||||
Effect of changes in exchange rate |
117,204 | 205,243 | 1,295,154 | ||||||||
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
2,599,078 | 2,616,615 | 125,923,966 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period/year |
| 2,599,078 | 5,215,693 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period/year |
2,599,078 | 5,215,693 | 131,139,659 | ||||||||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information |
|||||||||||
Income taxes paid |
| | | ||||||||
Interest paid |
| | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
1. | ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES |
VisionChina Media Inc. (the Company) was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on January 27, 2006. The Company and its variable interest entities and subsidiaries (the Group) sell advertising time on its out-of-home digital television networks in the Peoples Republic of China (the PRC). The Groups principal geographic market is in the PRC.
The Company holds its interest in the operating subsidiaries and investees through a holding company, China Digital Technology Consulting Co., Ltd. (CDTC), which is a wholly owned company it established in the PRC on March 9, 2006. The Company does not conducts any substantive operations of its own, but conducts its primary business operations through CDTCs variable interest entity (VIE), China Digital Mobile Television Co., Ltd. (CDMTV) and CDMTVs subsidiaries and investees. CDMTV was incorporated under the laws of the PRC on April 8, 2005.
Chinese laws and regulations prohibit or restrict foreign ownership of media content and advertising business. To comply with these foreign ownership restrictions, the Group invests in ventures with local television stations and provides advertising services on its out-of-home digital television networks in the PRC through CDMTV, a PRC legal entity, which was established by co-founders of the Company. The paid-in capital of CDMTV was funded by the Company or CDTC through a loan extended to the co-founders. CDTC has entered into certain exclusive agreements with CDMTV, which obligate the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of loss from CDMTVs activities and entitle to receive a majority of its residual returns. In addition, the Company through CDTC has entered into certain agreements with the two individuals including a loan agreement for the paid-in capital of CDMTV described above, an option agreement to acquire the shareholding in CDMTV when permitted by the PRC laws, and a share pledge agreement for the shares in CDMTV held by the co-founders. The Company and CDTC hold all the variable interests of CDMTV, and the Company and CDTC have been determined to be the most closely associated with CDMTV. Therefore, the Company is primary beneficiary of CDMTV.
Based on these contractual arrangements, the Company believes that CDMTV should be considered as a Variable Interest Entity under FASB Interpretation No. 46R (FIN 46R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51, because the equity investors in CDMTV do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest and the Company through CDTC is the primary beneficiary of CDMTV. Accordingly, the Company believes that CDMTV should be consolidated under FIN 46R.
The contractual agreements described above provide for effective control of CDMTV to be transferred to the Company on March 30, 2006. The shareholders of CDMTV and the Company are the same with same percentage equity interest. There was no change in control or ownership interests as a result of this transaction. Since the transaction was accounted for as a reorganization under common control, the financial statements present the operation of CDMTV since inception on an as-if-pooled basis. Prior to the transaction, the Company and CDTC were shell companies with minimal assets and no liabilities.
On February 15, 2007, CDTC and CDMTV entered into a series of new agreements, which replaced the agreements entered into on March 30, 2006. These contractual arrangements continue to enable the Company to exercise effective control over CDMTV and its subsidiaries and receive substantially all of the economic benefits of CDMTV and its subsidiaries for an extended period of 25 years.
The Groups consolidated assets do not include any collateral for CDMTVs obligations. The carrying amount of the total assets of CDMTV as of December 31, 2007 was $73,144,561 and there was no pledge or collateral of its assets. Furthermore, creditors of CDMTV have no recourse to the general credit of CDTC which is the primary beneficiary of CDMTV.
F-7
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
As of December 31, 2007, subsidiaries and variable interest entities of the Company and CDMTVs subsidiaries include the following entities:
Companies |
Date of acquisition |
Date of establishment |
Place of establishment |
Percentage of ownership |
|||||
Subsidiary of the Company | |||||||||
CDTC |
N/A | March 9, 2006 | PRC | 100 | % | ||||
Variable interest entity of CDTC | |||||||||
CDMTV |
(note) | April 8, 2005 | PRC | 100 | % | ||||
Subsidiaries of CDMTV | |||||||||
Shenzhen Gaoqing Digital Television Investment Co., Ltd. (Gaoqing Digital Television) |
February 17, 2006 | June 16, 2004 | PRC | 100 | % | ||||
Beijing Beiguang Media Mobile Television Advertising Co., Ltd. (Beiguang Media) |
N/A | December 18, 2006 | PRC | 100 | % | ||||
Beijing Hua Jingshi Media Advertising Co., Ltd. (Beijing Hua Jingshi) |
N/A | July 26, 2007 | PRC | 100 | % | ||||
Beijing Hua Meishi Advertising Co., Ltd. (Beijing Hua Meishi) |
N/A | May 25, 2007 | PRC | 100 | % | ||||
Nanjing Hua Meishi Advertising Co., Ltd. (Nanjing Hua Meishi) |
N/A | July 16, 2007 | PRC | 100 | % | ||||
Shenzhen Hua Meishi Advertising Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen Hua Meishi) |
N/A | June 29, 2007 | PRC | 100 | % | ||||
Shenzhen Huashixin Advertising Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen Huashixin) |
N/A | September 3, 2007 | PRC | 100 | % | ||||
Nanjing Media Culture Co., Ltd. (Nanjing Media Culture) |
N/A | March 28, 2007 | PRC | 100 | % | ||||
Guangzhou Jiaojian Multimedia Information Technology Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou Jiaojian) |
N/A | October 8, 2007 | PRC | 50 | % |
Note: Through a series of recapitalization, CDMTV becomes a variable interest entity of CDTC
As of December 31, 2007, the CDMTVs equity method investees, include the following entities:
Investee companies |
Date of acquisition |
Date of establishment |
Place of establishment |
Percentage of ownership |
|||||
Chengdu Mobile Digital Television Company Limited (Chengdu Mobile) |
N/A | April 29, 2005 | PRC | 49 | % | ||||
Haerbin China Mobile Television Company limited (Haerbin Mobile) |
N/A | November 10, 2005 | PRC | 49 | % | ||||
Jilin Mobile Television Company Limited (Jilin Mobile) |
N/A | November 8, 2005 | PRC | 49 | % | ||||
Dalian Mobile Digital Television Company Limited (Dalian Mobile) |
N/A | February 20, 2006 | PRC | 49 | % |
F-8
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
Henan China Digital Mobile Television Company Limited (Henan Mobile) |
N/A | July 4, 2006 | PRC | 49 | % | ||||
Hubei China Digital Television Company Limited (Hubei Mobile) |
N/A | July 26, 2006 | PRC | 49 | % | ||||
Suzhou China Digital Mobile Television Company Limited (Suzhou Mobile) |
N/A | February 17, 2007 | PRC | 49 | % | ||||
Changzhou China Digital Mobile Television Company Limited (Changzhou Mobile) |
N/A | March 19, 2007 | PRC | 49 | % | ||||
Ningbo China Digital Mobile Television Company Limited (Ningbo Mobile) |
N/A | April 5, 2007 | PRC | 49 | % |
The CDMTVs equity method investees have been separately established with 9 separate parties for the purpose of engaging in provision of digital mobile television advertising services in the PRC. CDMTV contributed cash and another investor contributed advertising broadcasting right into the equity method investees for 49% and 51% equity interest, respectively.
On February 17, 2006, CDMTV acquired 51% equity interest in Gaoqing Digital Television for cash consideration of $1,318,798. On March 9, 2006, CDMTV acquired the remaining 49% equity interest in Gaoqing Digital Television for cash consideration of $1,280,623. Prior to the acquisition, Gaoqing Digital Television had no business activities and its major assets were cash of $1,055,652 and 25% equity interests in Shenzhen Mobile Television Company Limited (Shenzhen Mobile) which has been recorded under cost method (see note 6). Accordingly, this transaction has been accounted for as an acquisition of assets.
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
(a) | Basis of presentation |
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP).
(b) | Principles of Consolidation |
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiary and a variable interest entity for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.
(c) | Significant risks and uncertainties |
The Group participates in a young and dynamic industry and believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on the Groups future financial position, results of operations or cash flows: advances and trends in new technologies or industry standards; competition from other competitors; changes in key suppliers; changes in certain strategic relationship; regulatory or other PRC related factors; and risks associated with the Groups ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support its growth; and general risks associated with the advertising industry.
F-9
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
(d) | Cash and cash equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use, and which have maturities of three months or less when purchased.
(e) | Fixed assets, net |
Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Assembly in progress is not depreciated until it is ready for their intended use.
Depreciation and amortization is computed on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:
Computers and office equipment |
5 years | |
Media display equipment |
5 years | |
Motor vehicles |
5 years | |
Leasehold improvements |
lesser of lease terms or the estimated useful lives of the assets |
(f) | Investment under equity method |
The investments for which the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, original investments are recorded at cost and adjusted by the Groups share of undistributed earnings or losses of these entities, by the amortization of intangible assets recognized upon purchase price allocation and by dividend distributions or subsequent investments. All unrecognized inter-company profits and losses have been eliminated under the equity method.
The Group generates a portion of its revenues from sales of advertising time on mobile television networks which are owned by its equity method investees. Because the operations of the Groups investees under equity method form an integral part to the Groups operating activities, the Groups share of undistributed earnings or losses of these entities are classified as part of the Groups operating income.
When the estimated amount to be realized from the investments falls below its carrying value, an impairment charge is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations when the decline in value is considered other than temporary.
(g) | Other investments |
The Groups investments in non-marketable equity securities for which the Group does not have the ability to exercise significant influence or control are accounted for using the cost method. Dividends and other distributions of earnings from investees, if any, are included in income when declared. We periodically evaluate the carrying value of our investments accounted for under the cost method of accounting and any impairment is included in our consolidated statements of operations.
(h) | Impairment of long-lived assets |
The Group reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. When these events occur, the Group measures impairment by comparing the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets, the Group would recognize an impairment loss based on the fair value of the assets.
F-10
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
(i) | Revenue recognition |
(1) | Time-based advertising services |
For time-based advertising services, the Group recognizes revenues as the advertisements are aired over the contractual term based on the schedules agreed with the customer. Payments received in advance of services provided are recorded as customer deposits.
Deferred revenue is recorded when services are provided before the applicable revenue recognition criteria as required by SAB104 are fulfilled.
(2) | Barter transactions |
Periodically, the Group engages in barter transactions which are generally recorded at fair value. If such value is not determinable within reasonable limits, the transaction is recognized based on the carrying value of the product or services provided. The amount of revenues recognized for barter transactions was insignificant for each of the periods presented.
(3) | Equipment |
Revenues from sales of advertising equipment, which are from related parties, are recognized upon delivery, at which all four of the following criteria are met: (i) pervasive evidence that an arrangement exists; (ii) delivery of the products and/or services has occurred and risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer; (iii) the selling price is both fixed and determinable, and (iv) collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured.
Advertising equipment revenues are net of value-added tax incurred, which amounting to $49,389, $312,732 and $322,354 for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
(j) | Cost of revenues |
Cost of advertising services revenues consist primarily of media costs payable under exclusive advertising agreements, depreciation, business taxes and surcharges and other operating costs. Media cost are expensed as incurred.
The amount of business taxes and surcharges included in cost of advertising services totaled $nil , $39,940 and $1,171,028 for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2006, the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Cost of equipment revenues consist primarily of purchase cost of digital television displays and other related equipment.
(k) | Operating leases |
Leases where substantially all the rewards and risks of ownership of assets remain with the leasing group are accounted for as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to the statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease periods.
(l) | Foreign currency translation |
The functional and reporting currency of the Company is the United States dollar (US dollar). Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the US dollar are translated into the US dollar at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the US dollar during the year are converted into US dollar at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing at the first day of the month transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.
The financial records of the Companys subsidiary and its variable interest entity are maintained in its local currency, the Renminbi (RMB), which is their functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates
F-11
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
at the balance sheet date, equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates and revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rate for the period. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulative translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) in the statement of shareholders equity (deficiency).
(m) | Net income(loss) per share |
Basic net income(loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period/year. Diluted net income (loss) per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares. Common share equivalents are excluded from the computation in periods as their effects would be antidilutive. The companys dilutive securities consisted of outstanding share options and convertible redeemable preferred shares. As of December 31, 2007, the Company had outstanding share options amounted to 4,838,359. As of December 31, 2006, the Company had outstanding share options amounted to 1,894,000 and 14,250,000 convertible redeemable preferred shares issued and outstanding. No diluted potential common shares equivalents were outstanding as of December 31, 2005.
As a result of the reorganization (note 1), the outstanding common shares have been retroactively restated to 22,000,000 shares in the denominator for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005 and for the year ended December 31, 2006 presented.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share.
For the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005 |
For the year ended December 31, | ||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Numerator: |
|||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |
$ | (416,409 | ) | $ | (5,652,341 | ) | $ | 2,768,096 | |||
Denominator: |
|||||||||||
Weighted average number of shares outstanding-basic |
22,000,000 | 22,000,000 | 24,709,522 | ||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities-Share options |
| | 1,062,180 | ||||||||
Weighted average number of shares used for diluted income (loss) per share |
22,000,000 | 22,000,000 | 25,771,702 | ||||||||
Basic income (loss) per share |
(0.02 | ) | (0.26 | ) | 0.11 | ||||||
Diluted income (loss) per share |
(0.02 | ) | (0.26 | ) | 0.11 |
(n) | Income taxes |
The Group follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect for the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Group records a valuation allowance against the amount of deferred tax assets that it determines is not more likely than not of being realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
F-12
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
(o) | Share-based compensation |
Share-based payments to employees are measured based on the fair values of share option on the grant dates and recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service periods with a corresponding addition to paid-in capital.
Share awards issued to non-employees are measured at fair value at the earlier of the commitment date or the date the services is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided or as goods are received. The Group uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to measure the value of options granted to non-employees and employees at each measurement date.
(p) | Comprehensive income (loss) |
Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of the Group during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Comprehensive income (loss) is reported in the statements of changes of shareholders equity. Accumulated other comprehensive income of the Group represents the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment and net income (loss) for the year.
(q) | Use of estimates |
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ form those estimates. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Groups consolidated financial statements include allowance for doubtful debts, valuation of deferred tax assets, useful lives of fixed assets and fair value of stock options.
(r) | Government grants |
Government grants include cash subsidies received from the PRC government by the operating subsidiaries of the Company. Such subsidies are generally provided as incentives from the local government to encourage the expansion of local businesses. Government grants are recognized when received and all the conditions specified in the grant have been met.
(s) | Concentration of Risks |
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, substantially all of the Groups cash and cash equivalents were managed by financial institutions. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenues earned from customers in the PRC. The risk with respect to accounts receivables is mitigated by credit evaluations we perform on our customers and ongoing monitoring process on outstanding balances.
Current vulnerability due to certain other concentrations
The Groups operations may be adversely affected by significant political, economic and social uncertainties in the PRC. Although the PRC government has been pursuing economic reform policies for more than 20 years, no assurance can be given that the PRC government will continue to pursue such policies or that such policies may not be significantly altered, especially in the event of a change in leadership, social or political disruption or unforeseen circumstances affecting the PRCs political, economic and social conditions. There is also no guarantee that the PRC governments pursuit of economic reforms will be consistent or effective.
Substantially all of the Groups businesses are transacted in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. On January 1, 1994, the PRC government abolished the dual rate system and introduced a single rate of exchange as quoted daily by the Peoples Bank of China. However, the unification of the exchange rates does not imply the convertibility of RMB into United States dollars or other foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions continue
F-13
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
to take place either through the Peoples Bank of China or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the Peoples Bank of China. Approval of foreign currency payments by the Peoples Bank of China or other institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers invoices, shipping documents and signed contracts.
F-14
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
(t) | Recently issued accounting standards |
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurement (SFAS 157). SFAS 157 addresses standardizing the measurement of fair value for companies that are required to use a fair value measure of recognition for recognition or disclosure purposes. The FASB defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measure date. SFAS 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Group is currently evaluating the impact, if any, of SFAS 157 on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (SFAS 159). SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Group is currently evaluating the impact of SFAS No. 159.
In June 2007, the FASB also ratified EITF 07-3, Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services Received for Use in Future Research and Development Activities (EITF 07-3). EITF 07-3 requires that nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities be deferred and capitalized and recognized as an expense as the goods are delivered or the related services are performed. EITF 07-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007. The Group is currently evaluating the impact of EITF -7-3. The Group do not expect the adoption of EITF 07-3 to have a material effect on the consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R, Business Combination, to improve reporting creating greater consistency in the accounting and financial reporting of business combinations. The standard requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to recognize all (and only) the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction; establishes the acquisition-date fair value as the measurement objective for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed; and requires the acquirer to disclose to investors and other users all of the information they need to evaluate and understand the nature and financial effect of the business combination. SFAS No. 141R applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. An entity may not apply it before that date. The Group is currently evaluating whether the adoption of SFAS No. 141R will have a significant effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements to improves the relevance, comparability, and transparency of financial information provided to investors by requiring all entities to report noncontrolling (minority) interests in subsidiaries in the same way as required in the consolidated financial statements. Moreover, SFAS No. 160 eliminates the diversify that currently exists in accounting for transactions between an entity and noncontrolling interests by requiring they be treated as equity transaction. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is prohibited. The Group is currently evaluating whether the adoption of SFAS No. 160 will have a significant effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
F-15
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
3. | PREPAID EXPEMSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the followings:
As of December 31, | ||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||
Advances to suppliers |
$ | 2,946,803 | $ | 8,566,552 | ||
Staff advances |
208,329 | 46,845 | ||||
Deposits |
15,481 | 555,069 | ||||
Interest receivables |
| 350,188 | ||||
Others |
113,713 | 164,405 | ||||
$ | 3,284,326 | $ | 9,683,059 | |||
Advances to suppliers mainly represent prepayment for media cost. Deposits mainly represent deposits for media cost agreements.
At the balance sheet date, the long-term prepaid expenses included in non-current assets mainly represents the prepaid service fee.
4. | FIXED ASSETS, NET |
Fixed assets consist of the following:
As of December 31, | ||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||
Computers and office equipment |
$ | 190,890 | $ | 402,474 | ||
Media display equipment |
83,194 | 6,962,089 | ||||
Motor vehicles |
56,476 | 140,688 | ||||
Leasehold improvements |
158,179 | 570,108 | ||||
Sub-total |
$ | 488,739 | $ | 8,075,359 | ||
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization |
46,099 | 366,155 | ||||
$ | 442,640 | $ | 7,709,204 | |||
Depreciation and amortization expense was $3,743, $41,491 and $306,491 for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Included in media display equipment are assembly in progress of $2,679,931. These assets will be placed in service in 2008.
F-16
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
5. | INVESTMENTS UNDER EQUITY METHOD |
In 2005, CDMTV has made cash investments totaling $728,606 and $667,889 for its 49% equity interests in Haerbin Mobile and Jilin Mobile, respectively.
On April 29, 2005, Champs Elysees Investment Co. Ltd., an entity under common control, invested $607,172 into Chengdu Mobile to acquire 49% of its voting interests on CDMTVs behalf. In December 2005, Champs Elysees Investment Co. Ltd transferred the 49% voting interests in Chengdu Mobile to CDMTV at original cost in accordance with previously signed agreements. As a result, CDMTV has accounted for its investment in Chengdu Mobile since April 29, 2005.
In 2006, CDMTV made cash investments totaling $753,006, $753,006 and $768,374 for its 49% equity interests in Dalian Mobile, Henan Mobile and Hubei Mobile, respectively.
In 2007, CDMTV made cash investments totalling $965,581, $772,465 and $643,720 for its 49% equity interests in Suzhou Mobile, Changzhou Mobile and Ningbo Mobile, respectively. These equity method investees have been separately established with 3 separate parties for the purpose of engaging in provision of digital mobile television advertising services in the PRC.
In addition, CDMTV made additional cash investments of $965,580 and $507,154 to its existing equity method investee, Dalian Mobile and Hubei Mobile, respectively.
As of December 31, 2007, CDMTV has totally nine equity method investees. The Group has accounted for these investments using equity method of accounting.
The combined results of operations and financial position of these investments are summarized below:
For the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005 |
For the year ended December 31, |
|||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||
Condensed statement of operations information: | ||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 80,771 | $ | 681,751 | $ | 1,783,008 | ||||||
Net losses |
(171,335 | ) | (631,128 | ) | (2,124,146 | ) | ||||||
Groups equity in net loss of investees |
$ | (83,954 | ) | $ | (309,253 | ) | $ | (1,040,832 | ) | |||
As of December 31, | ||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||
Condensed balance sheet information: | ||||||
Current assets |
$ | 2,845,848 | $ | 5,734,140 | ||
Non-current assets |
3,605,746 | 8,440,377 | ||||
Total assets |
$ | 6,451,594 | $ | 14,174,517 | ||
Current liabilities |
$ | 1,132,015 | $ | 4,464,240 | ||
Equity |
5,319,579 | 9,710,277 | ||||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ | 6,451,594 | $ | 14,174,517 | ||
Groups share of net assets |
$ | 2,985,914 | $ | 4,758,036 | ||
F-17
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the carrying value of the Groups investments under equity method was $3,747,493 and $6,714,853, respectively. The difference between the carrying value of the Groups investments under equity method and the Groups share in its investees net assets was attributable to the amount of gross profit recognized on the sales of certain media display equipment to its investees; and the adjustment attributable to intangible asset , which represent the broadcasting rights contributed by the investors, identified on formation and its related amortization.
6. | OTHER INVESTMENTS |
In February 2006, the Group acquired 25% voting interest in Shenzhen Mobile, through CDMTVs subsidiary Gaoqing Digital Television, for cash consideration of $1,543,769. Shenzhen Mobile is established in the PRC and engages in provision of digital mobile television advertising services in the PRC. As the Group cannot exercise significant influence over Shenzhen Mobiles operating and financial activities, the Group accounts for this investment using the cost method of accounting.
In August 2006, the Group acquired 14% voting interest in Wuxi Guangtong Digital Mobile Television Company Limited (Guangtong Mobile), for cash consideration of $435,796. Guangtong Mobile is established in the PRC and engages in provision of digital mobile television advertising business in the PRC. The Group accounts for this investment using the cost method of accounting.
7. | ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:
As of December 31, | ||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||
Accrued expenses |
$ | 24,066 | $ | 327,566 | ||
Accrued direct offering expenses |
| 2,519,259 | ||||
Accrued professional service fees |
121,019 | 401,608 | ||||
Accrued payroll and welfare |
144,609 | 483,666 | ||||
Taxes payable |
64,775 | 562,241 | ||||
Customer deposits |
69,919 | 653,201 | ||||
Deferred revenue |
| 926,573 | ||||
Others |
56,466 | 180,438 | ||||
$ | 480,854 | $ | 6,054,552 | |||
8. | CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED SHARES |
In April 2006, the Company issued 14,250,000 Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares (Series A Preferred Share(s)) for $1 per share for total proceeds of $13,636,994, net of issuance costs of $613,006.
In March and July 2007, the Company issued in aggregate 17,889,088 Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares (Series B Preferred Share(s)) for $2.236 per share for total proceeds of $38,264,439, net of issuance costs of $1,735,561.
F-18
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
Series A Preferred Shares and Series B Preferred Shares collectively refer to as the Preferred Share(s).
Upon completion of the initial public offering in December 2007, all convertible preferred shares automatically converted into 32,139,088 common shares. As of December 31, 2006, the Company had 14,250,000 Series A Preferred Shares outstanding.
The holders of Preferred Shares have various rights and preferences as follows:
Redemption
The Preferred Shares shall not be redeemable at the option of holders of the Preferred Shares except:
(1) Optional redemption beginning on April 13, 2009; or suspension or termination of wireless television signals which represented more than 50% of the Companys television network. The redemption price for each of Preferred Shares shall be equal one hundred and fifty percent (150%) of the applicable original issue price, plus in each case all dividends declared and unpaid with respect thereto per Preferred Share then held by such holder; or
(2) Insufficient funds. If the Companys assets or funds which are legally available on the date that any redemption payment is due are insufficient to pay in full all redemption payments to be paid on such date, those assets and fund funds which are legally available shall be used to pay all redemption payments due on such date ratably in proportion to the full amounts to which the holders to which such redemption payments are due would otherwise be respectively entitled thereon.
The Company accrued the premium over the redemption period as a deemed dividend with a debit to the deficit of $1,583,333 and $6,625,262 for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Dividends
Each holder of Preferred Shares shall be entitled to receive dividends, on a pari passu basis, out of any funds or assets legally available therefor, prior and in preference to any declaration or payment of any dividend on the common shares, at 8% in respect of such Preferred Shares when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, but not otherwise. All such dividends per Preferred Share shall be cumulative from the date that the Board of Directors declares such dividends.
Conversion
Subject to the provisions of the Memorandum and the Articles, Preferred Shares may, at the option of the holder thereof, be converted at any time into fully-paid and nonassessable common shares based on the applicable then-effective conversion price. The initial conversion price for Series A Preferred Shares and Series B Preferred Shares shall be US$1.00 and US$2.236, respectively, and the initial per share conversion ratio for Preferred Shares to common shares shall be 1:1, which shall be subject to adjustment subject to adjustment for stock dividends, stock splits, combinations and similar events. Each Preferred Share shall automatically be converted into common shares upon the closing of a qualified initial public offering, based on the applicable then-effective conversion price.
Voting
Subject to the provisions of the Memorandum and the Articles, at all general meetings of the Company: (i) the holder of each common share issued and outstanding shall have one vote in respect of each common share held, and (ii) the holder of Preferred Shares shall be entitled to such number of votes as equals the whole number of common shares into which such
F-19
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
holders collective Preferred Shares are convertible immediately after the close of business on the record date of the determination of the Companys shareholders entitled to vote or, if no such record date is established, at the date such vote is taken or any written consent of the Companys shareholders is first solicited. Subject to provisions to the contrary elsewhere in the Memorandum and the Articles, or as required by the Statute, the holders of Series A Preferred Shares shall vote together with the holders of common shares, and not as a separate class or series, on all matters put before the shareholders.
Liquidation
Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, either voluntary or involuntary, before any distribution or payment shall be made with respect to any common shares, an amount shall be paid on a pari passu basis with respect to each Preferred Share equal to the greater of (i) one hundred fifty percent (150%) of the applicable original issue price (as adjusted for any dividend of shares, division or combination of shares recapitalizations and the like) plus all dividends declared and unpaid with respect thereto (the Preference Amount); and (ii) a pro rata share of all funds and assets of the Company legally available for distribution to shareholders of the Company on the basis as if all the Preferred Shares were converted into common shares immediately before the holding of the general meeting, plus all declared but unpaid dividends thereon.
9. | COMMON SHARES |
The Companys Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended, authorizes the Company to issue 50,000,000 common shares with a nominal or par value of $0.0001 each. On April 12, 2006, the Company issued 22,000,000 common shares to the then shareholders of CDMTV as part of the Companys re-organization plan.
Upon completion of the initial public offering (IPO) in December 2007, the Companys Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended, authorizes the Company to issue 200,000,000 common shares with a nominal or par value of US$0.0001 each. There were 68,386,838 common shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2007 after conversion of 14,250,000 Series A and 17,889,088 Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares to 32,139,088 common shares upon completion of IPO, issuance of 13,500,000 common shares in connection with the initial public offering, and 747,750 share options were exercised with the issuance of 747,750 common shares during the year.
10. | SHARE OPTION PLAN |
On December 8, 2006, the Group adopted the 2006 share incentive plan (the Plan) which allows the Group to offer a variety of incentive awards to consultants and employees. As of December 31, 2007. the Group has reserved 7,000,000 common shares for issuance under the Plan. In December 2006, the Group granted 1,894,000 share options to employees and consultants with exercise prices ranging from $0.60 and $1.00. In 2007, the Group granted 3,996,639 share options to consultants and employees with exercise prices ranging from $1.00 and $6.545.
Options granted generally vest 25% after the first year of service and rateably each month over the remaining 36-month period. The contractual term of options granted is generally ten years. Included in 3,996,639 share options granted in 2007, 2,506,748 options granted were vested based on certain performance conditions.
Management has used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of the options on grant date with the following weighted-average assumptions:
F-20
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
December,2006 | April, 2007 | May, 2007 | July, 2007 | August, 2007 | October, 2007 | |||||||
Risk-free interest rate |
5.02%-5.05% | 4.99% | 4.96% | 5.31% | 4.81% | 4.42% | ||||||
Expected life |
5.35-6.24 years | 1.89 years | 2.67 years | 1.72 years | 2.53 years | 1.85 years | ||||||
Assumed volatility |
0.361 | 0.361 | 0.361 | 0.317 | 0.317 | 0.350 | ||||||
Expected dividends |
0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Assumed volatility is derived by referring to the average annualized standard deviation of the share price of listed comparable companies. The expected life of the option has been assumed to be exercised evenly throughout the option life. The risk free interest rate is based on the yield to maturity of the PRC government bond as of the grant date with maturity closest to the relevant option expiry date.
The fair value of the option granted in April 2007 and May 2007, was determined on contemporaneous basis by the management of the Company, with reference to Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares. For the options granted on December 8, 2006, July 6, 2007, August 30, 2007 and October 31, 2007, the fair value of the options were determined based on contemporaneous valuation by a third party valuation specialist.
A summary of option under the Option Plan as of December 31,2006 and 2007 and changes in the periods is presented below:
Number of Shares |
Weighted- average Exercise Price |
Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Life |
Weighted- average Fair Value | ||||||
Outstanding as of January 1, 2006 |
|||||||||
Granted on December 8, 2006 |
1,894,000 | 0.86 | 0.19 | ||||||
Exercised |
|||||||||
Forfeited |
|||||||||
Outstanding as of January 1, 2007 |
1,894,000 | 0.86 | 0.19 | ||||||
Granted |
|||||||||
- April 6, 2007 |
800,739 | 1.90 | 0.22 | ||||||
- May 16, 2007 |
200,000 | 1.84 | 0.33 | ||||||
- July 6, 2007 |
1,230,000 | 3.545 | 0.04 | ||||||
- August 30, 2007 |
1,005,900 | 6.545 | 0.07 | ||||||
- October 31, 2007 |
760,000 | 6.545 | 1.30 | ||||||
Exercised |
(747,750 | ) | 0.86 | 0.21 | |||||
Forfeited |
(304,530 | ) | 1.65 | 0.18 | |||||
Outstanding as of December 31, 2007 |
4,838,359 | 3.78 | 9.46 | 0.31 | |||||
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31,2007 |
4,835,800 | 3.25 | 9.38 | 0.23 | |||||
Exercisable as of December 31, 2007 |
1,127,041 | 3.13 | 9.48 | 0.06 |
The fair value of common shares on December 8, 2006, April 6, 2007, May 16, 2007, July 6, 2007, August 30, 2007 and October 31, 2007 were approximately $0.6, $1.52, $1.52, $1.78, $2.71 and $6.31 respectively.
The aggregate intrinsic value the share option at each of the grant dates was zero, as the exercise price is higher than fair value of the common share. The aggregate intrinsic value the outstanding share option was $4.72 as of December 31, 2007.
The total fair value of options vested and expensed for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 was $nil, $78,752 and $221,362, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2007, compensation cost of $34,431, $135,722 and $51,209 were recognized and included in cost of revenue, selling and marketing expense; and general and administrative expenses, respectively.
F-21
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
As of December 31, 2007, there was $799,378 of total unrecognized share-based compensation cost related to nonvested share options granted under the Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over 4 years.
11. | INCOME TAXES |
The Company is a tax exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands and conducts substantially all of its business through its PRC subsidiary, CDTC and its PRC variable interest entity, CDMTV, which are generally subject to a 30% state enterprise income tax (EIT) and a 3% local income tax.
CDTC is governed by the Income Tax Law of the PRC concerning Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises (the Income Tax Law ). Under income tax law, foreign invested enterprises satisfying certain criteria and can enjoy preferential tax treatments. CDTC, located in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, is subject to Foreign Enterprise Income Tax (FEIT) at a rate of 15%.
CDMTVs headquarter, located in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, is subject to EIT at a rate of 15%. CDMT has been recognized as a Culture Enterprise and thus its headquarter is entitled to full exemption from EIT from 2005 to 2008. CDMTV has sales branches located in various cities in the PRC which are subject to 30% EIT and 3% local income tax.
The Group had minimal operations in jurisdictions other than the PRC.
There was no current or deferred income tax expense or benefit for the for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005 and year ended December 31, 2006. Deferred income tax benefit was $332,286 for the year ended December 31, 2007.
The principal components of the Groups deferred income tax assets are as follows:
As of December 31, | |||||||
2006 | 2007 | ||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
|||||||
Net operating loss carrying forward |
$ | 116,054 | $ | 331,276 | |||
Bad debt provision |
10,822 | | |||||
Fixed assets |
1,481 | 1,110 | |||||
Total deferred tax assets |
128,357 | 332,386 | |||||
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets |
(128,357 | ) | | ||||
Net deferred tax assets |
$ | | $ | 332,386 | |||
The realization of the recorded deferred tax assets is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income prior to the expiration of net operating loss carry forwards of $351,579 and $1,846,589 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, which will expire in year 2011 and 2012.
A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current tax rate to the income (loss) before income taxes in the statement of operations is as follows:
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Expected taxation at PRC EIT statutory rate of 33% |
$ | (137,415 | ) | $ | (1,342,772 | ) | $ | 3,099,808 | ||||
Effect of tax exemption |
93,596 | 1,258,234 | (3,303,837 | ) | ||||||||
Change in valuation allowance |
43,819 | 84,538 | (128,357 | ) | ||||||||
Total income tax expense / (benefit) |
$ | | $ | | $ | (332,386 | ) | |||||
F-22
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
$Nil, $nil and $1,560,697 that would otherwise have been payable without tax holidays and tax concessions for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. In addition, $nil, $nil and $0.06 would be deducted on the basic income /losses per share for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
On January 1, 2008, a new enterprise income tax law in China took effect. The new law applies a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate to both foreign invested enterprises and domestic enterprises. The new law provides a five-year transition period from its effective date for those enterprises which were established before the promulgation date of the new tax law and which were entitled to a preferential tax treatment such as a reduced tax rate or a tax holiday. Ministry of Finance of PRC and State Administration of Taxation issued a circular Notice on preferential tax treatment of enterprise income tax in February, 2008. The circular stipulates that new established culture enterprise could enjoy the corporate income tax exemption treatment which has been approved by the authorities until the end of the holiday. CDMTV has already obtained the tax exemption approval certificate for year 2008.
In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxesan interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48), which clarifies the accounting and disclosure for uncertainty in tax positions, as defined in that statement. FIN 48 prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on de-recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods and income tax disclosures.
The Group adopted the provisions of FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007. The Group has made its assessment of the level of tax authority for each tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and has measured the unrecognized tax benefits associated with the tax positions. Based on the evaluation by the Group, it is concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in financial statements. The Group has no material unrecognized tax benefit which would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods. The Group classifies interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2007, there is no interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The year 2005 to 2007 remain subject to examination by the PRC tax authorities.
12. | MAINLAND CHINA CONTRIBUTION PLAN AND PROFIT APPROPRIATION |
The Groups full time employees in the PRC participate in a government-mandated multiemployer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain medical care unemployment insurance, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require the Group to accrue for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees salaries. The total contribution for such employee benefits for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 were $582, $13,701 and $53,387, respectively.
13. | COMMITMENTS |
(a) | Lease commitments |
The Group has entered into certain leasing arrangements relating to the lease of the Groups office premises. Rental expense under operating leases for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the years ended 2006 and 2007 were $45,458, $165,221 and $373,917, respectively.
F-23
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
As of December 31, 2007, the Group was obligated under operating leases, which relates to offices premises, requiring minimum rental as follows:
As of December 31, |
|||
2008 |
$ | 537,618 | |
2009 |
299,286 | ||
2010 |
101,304 | ||
2011 |
101,304 | ||
2012 |
101,304 | ||
2013 and thereafter |
292,718 | ||
$ | 1,433,534 | ||
(b) | Others |
The Group has entered into several agreements to pay media cost for the period of 5 to 10 years. As of December 31, 2007, future minimum purchase commitments under these agreements totalled $129,686,869 which will be payable as follow:
As of December 31, |
|||
2008 |
$ | 14,685,716 | |
2009 |
15,773,332 | ||
2010 |
16,466,000 | ||
2011 |
15,975,839 | ||
2012 |
13,811,090 | ||
2013 and thereafter |
52,974,892 | ||
$ | 129,686,869 | ||
F-24
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
14. | SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION |
The Group engaged in provision in advertising services and sales of digital equipment to its investee companies in the PRC. The Groups chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews the consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group.
Geographical information
The Group operates in the PRC and all of the Groups identifiable assets are located in the PRC.
Although the Group operates in multiple cities in China which include Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Nanjin, it believes it operates in one segment as the Group provide services to customers irrespective of their locations. Accordingly all financial segment information can be found in the consolidated financial statements.
Major Customers
The Group contracts its advertising service revenue either directly with advertisers or through advertising agents. In 2007 the Group has contracted with the following advertising agents with 10% or more of the total advertising service revenues:
2007 | |||
Agent A |
$ | 4,770,915 | |
Agent B |
3,870,064 | ||
Agent C |
3,554,534 | ||
Agent D |
3,117,335 |
In 2007, the Group has not directly contracted with any advertiser which accounted for 10% or more of the total advertising service revenue. In 2005 and 2006, there were no advertisers or advertising agents which accounted for 10% or more of the total advertising service revenue.
The accounts receivable from a customer with the largest receivable balances represents 39% and 27% of the balance of the account as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
15. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
(a) | Details of amounts due from related parties as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 are as follows: |
As of December 31, | ||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||
Investees |
||||||
- Chengdu Mobile |
$ | 162,447 | $ | 674,547 | ||
- Dalian Mobile |
178,404 | 98,484 | ||||
- Haerbin Mobile |
3,200 | | ||||
- Henan Mobile |
817,089 | 838,977 | ||||
- Hubei Mobile |
41,968 | 133,951 | ||||
- Jinlin Mobile |
329,588 | 406,828 | ||||
- Changzhou Mobile |
| 233,215 | ||||
- Ningbo Mobile |
| 1,164,610 | ||||
- Guangtong Mobile |
| 82,252 | ||||
$ | 1,532,696 | $ | 3,632,864 | |||
The amounts due from related parties are non-interest bearing and repayable on demand.
F-25
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
(b) | Details of amounts due to related parties as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 are as follows: |
As of December 31, | |||||
2006 | 2007 | ||||
Investees |
|||||
- Chengdu Mobile |
$ | 77,574 | 107,028 | ||
- Dalian Mobile |
9,063 | 51,798 | |||
- Guangtong Mobile |
7,556 | 8,640 | |||
- Haerbin Mobile |
7,594 | | |||
- Hubei Mobile |
75,838 | 7,829 | |||
- Jilin Mobile |
7,784 | 28,227 | |||
- Henan Mobile |
| 76,350 | |||
- Suzhou Mobile |
| 38,832 | |||
- Ningbo Mobile |
| 6,896 | |||
- Changzhou Mobile |
| 1,932 | |||
$ | 185,409 | 327,532 | |||
(c) | Advertising equipment sales to investee companies |
The Group sold digital equipment at negotiated price to investees for a total amount of $290,521, $1,839,599 and $1,896,200 for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Details are as follows:
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | ||||||
Chengdu Mobile |
$ | 192,110 | $ | 366,772 | 158,605 | |||
Dalian Mobile |
| 561,891 | 229,822 | |||||
Haerbin Mobile |
9,423 | 106,614 | 6,567 | |||||
Henan Mobile |
| 280,327 | 128,455 | |||||
Hubei Mobile |
| 50,399 | 148,042 | |||||
Jilin Mobile |
88,988 | 473,595 | | |||||
Suzhou Mobile |
| | 216,571 | |||||
Changzhou Mobile |
| | 313,558 | |||||
Ningbo Mobile |
| | 694,580 | |||||
$ | 290,521 | $ | 1,839,598 | 1,896,200 | ||||
(d) | Services rendered from investee companies |
The Group has received broadcasting service from Chengdu Mobile, Dalian Mobile, Guangtong Mobile, Jilin Mobile, Hubei Mobile, Haerbin Mobile, Ningbo Mobile, Suzhou Mobile and Changzhou Mobile at negotiated prices for a total amount of $nil, $78,434 and $267,412 for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 , respectively. Details are as follows:
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | ||||||
Chengdu Mobile |
$ | | $ | 41,908 | 76,441 | |||
Dalian Mobile |
| 13,350 | 40,668 | |||||
Guangtong Mobile |
| 9,092 | 102,531 | |||||
Jinlin Mobile |
| 14,084 | 19,228 | |||||
Hubei Mobile |
| | 7,665 | |||||
Haerbin Mobile |
| | 3,364 | |||||
Ningbo Mobile |
| | 6,769 | |||||
Suzhou Mobile |
| | 8,849 | |||||
Changzhou Mobile |
| | 1,897 | |||||
$ | | $ | 78,434 | 267,412 | ||||
F-26
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
(e) | Rental expense |
During the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, the Group rented office space from a former shareholder of CDMTV, Shenzhen Meidi Zhiye Development Co., Ltd. (Zhiye). The rate for rent was determined based on negotiated prices. The rental expenses for that period is $26,037. During that period, Zhiye leased another office building to the Group at nil consideration. The market value of the lease was about of $18,936. Such amount was then regarded as equity holders contribution and recorded as rental expenses and additional paid-in capital.
(f) | Others |
In March 2007, the Group borrowed an aggregate amount of $2,246,453 from a related party, Shenzhen Meidi Zhiye Development Co., Ltd. The amount was interest-free and fully settled as of December 31, 2007.
In addition, for the period from April 8, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Group paid office decoration charges of $79,830, $6,306 and $347,029, respectively, to a company, of which Mr. Li Limins wife holds a beneficial interest.
16. | PROFIT APPROPRIATION |
In accordance with the Regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment of China and their articles of association, the Companys subsidiaries, being foreign invested enterprises established in China, are required to provide for certain statutory reserves, namely general reserve fund, enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund, all of which are appropriated from net profit as reported in their PRC statutory accounts. The Companys subsidiaries are required to allocate at least 10% of their after-tax profits to the general reserve fund until such fund has reached 50% of their respective registered capital. Appropriations to the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund are at the discretion of the board of directors of the Companys subsidiaries.
In accordance with the China Company Laws, the Companys VIEs must make appropriations from their after-tax profits as reported in their PRC statutory accounts to non-distributable reserve funds, namely statutory surplus fund, statutory public welfare fund and discretionary surplus fund. The Companys VIEs are required to allocate at least 10% of their after-tax profits to the statutory surplus fund until such fund has reached 50% of their respective registered capital. Appropriation to the statutory public welfare fund is 5% to 10% of their after-tax profits as reported in the PRC statutory accounts. Effective from January 1, 2006, under the revised China Company Laws, appropriation to the statutory public welfare fund is no longer mandatory. Appropriation to discretionary surplus is made at the discretion of the Companys VIE and its subsidiaries.
General reserve fund and statutory surplus fund are restricted to set-off against losses, expansion of production and operation and increasing registered capital of the respective company. Staff welfare and bonus fund and statutory public welfare fund are restricted to the capital expenditures for the collective welfare of employees. These reserves are not allowed to be transferred to the Company in terms of cash dividends, loans or advances, nor can they be distributed except under liquidation.
F-27
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares and per share data)
There were no appropriations to reserves by the Company other than the Companys subsidiaries in the PRC during any of the periods presented. As a result of these laws, approximately $Nil and $767,948 as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively, were not available for distribution. During the year ended December 31, 2007, US$767,948 was appropriated from retained earnings to the statutory surplus reserve.
17. | RESTRICTED NET ASSETS |
Under PRC laws and regulations, there are certain restrictions on the Companys PRC subsidiaries and VIE with respect to transferring certain of their net assets to the Company either in the form of dividends, loans, or advances. Amounts restricted include paid up capital and reserves of the Companys PRC subsidiary, totaling approximately $54,949,065 as of December 31, 2007.
18. | SUBSEQUENT EVENT |
In March 2008, the Company granted options and restricted shares to purchase an aggregate of 650,000 common shares to employees and consultants under the Plan.
F-28
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT-SCHEDULE I
BALANCE SHEET
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares)
December 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2007 |
|||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current Assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 876,378 | $ | 101,949,141 | ||||
Due from subsidiary |
6,041,201 | 5,950,390 | ||||||
Prepaid expense and other current asset |
41,295 | 318,922 | ||||||
Total current assets |
$ | 6,958,874 | $ | 108,218,453 | ||||
Investment in subsidiary and variable interest entity |
8,867,260 | 58,284,253 | ||||||
TOTAL ASSETS |
$ | 15,826,134 | $ | 166,502,706 | ||||
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
Current Liabilities: |
||||||||
Accured expenses and other current liabilities |
$ | 24,141 | $ | 2,473,887 | ||||
Total liabilities |
$ | 24,141 | $ | 2,473,887 | ||||
Mezzanine equity |
||||||||
Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares ($0.0001 par value; 14,250,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2006 (liquidation value: $21,375,000)) |
$ | 15,220,327 | $ | | ||||
Shareholders equity |
||||||||
Common shares ($0.0001 par value; 50,000,000 and 200,000,000 shares authorized; 22,000,000 and 68,386,838 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively) |
2,200 | 6,839 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
6,136,689 | 163,820,443 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(5,557,223 | ) | (2,789,127 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
| 2,990,664 | ||||||
Total shareholders equity |
$ | 581,666 | $ | 164,028,819 | ||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
$ | 15,826,134 | $ | 166,502,706 | ||||
F-29
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT SCHEDULE I
STATEMENT OF CHANGES OF SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($))
For the period, From January 27, 2006 (date of Incorporation) to, December 31, 2006 |
For the year ended, December 31, 2007 |
|||||
General and administrative expense |
(80,052 | ) | (346,777 | ) | ||
Equity in income (loss) of subsidiary and variable interest entity |
(3,951,674 | ) | 9,426,329 | |||
Operating income (loss) |
(4,031,726 | ) | 9,079,552 | |||
Interest income |
57,836 | 313,806 | ||||
Net income (loss) |
(3,973,890 | ) | 9,393,358 | |||
Deemed dividend on convertible redeemable preferred shares |
(1,583,333 | ) | (6,625,262 | ) | ||
Net income (loss) attributable to holders of common shares |
(5,557,223 | ) | 2,768,096 | |||
F-30
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT SCHEDULE I
STATEMENT OF CHANGES OF SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($), except number of shares)
Common shares | Additional paid-in capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
Total shareholders equity |
Comprehensive income (loss) |
|||||||||||||
Number | Amount | |||||||||||||||||
Issue of common shares |
22,000,000 | 2,200 | 6,057,937 | | | 6,060,137 | ||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
| | 78,752 | | | 78,752 | ||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | (3,973,890 | ) | | (3,973,890 | ) | (3,973,890 | ) | ||||||||
Deemed dividend on convertible redeemable preferred shares |
| | | (1,583,333 | ) | | (1,583,333 | ) | ||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2006 |
22,000,000 | 2,200 | 6,136,689 | (5,557,223 | ) | | 581,666 | |||||||||||
Issuance of common shares pursuant to initial public offering |
13,500,000 | 1,350 | 100,438,650 | | 100,440,000 | |||||||||||||
Direct offering expenses |
(3,725,432 | ) | | (3,725,432 | ) | |||||||||||||
Conversion of redeemable preferred shares to common shares |
32,139,088 | 3,214 | 60,106,814 | | 60,110,028 | |||||||||||||
Exercise of share options |
747,750 | 75 | 642,360 | | 642,435 | |||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
| | 221,362 | | 221,362 | |||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment |
| | | 2,990,664 | 2,990,664 | 2,990,664 | ||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | 9,393,358 | | 9,393,358 | 9,393,358 | |||||||||||
12,384,022 | ||||||||||||||||||
Deemed dividend on convertible redeemable preferred shares |
| | | (6,625,262 | ) | | (6,625,262 | ) | ||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
68,386,838 | 6,839 | 163,820,443 | (2,789,127 | ) | 2,990,664 | 164,028,819 | |||||||||||
F-31
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT SCHEDULE I
STATEMENT OF CASHFLOWS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($))
For the period, From January 27, 2006 (date of Incorporation) to, December 31, 2006 |
For the year ended, December 31, 2007 |
|||||
Cash flows from operating activities : |
||||||
Net income (loss) |
(3,973,890 | ) | 9,393,358 | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities : |
||||||
Equity in loss (income) of investee companies |
3,951,674 | (9,426,329 | ) | |||
Share-based compensation cost |
78,752 | 221,362 | ||||
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions : |
||||||
Due from subsidiaries |
(6,041,201 | ) | (2,424,939 | ) | ||
Accrued expense and other current liabilities |
24,141 | 2,449,746 | ||||
Prepaid expense and other current assets |
(41,294 | ) | (277,627 | ) | ||
Net cash used in operating activities |
(6,001,818 | ) | (64,429 | ) | ||
Cash flows from investing activities : |
||||||
Investment in a subsidiary |
(6,758,798 | ) | (37,000,000 | ) | ||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(6,758,798 | ) | (37,000,000 | ) | ||
Cash flows provided by financing activities : |
||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of issuance cost |
| 99,230,318 | ||||
Proceeds from issuance of Series A convertible |
||||||
redeemable preferred shares, net of issuance cost |
13,636,994 | | ||||
Proceeds from issuance of Series B convertible |
||||||
redeemable preferred shares, net of issuance cost |
| 38,264,439 | ||||
Proceeds from exercise of share options |
| 642,435 | ||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
13,636,994 | 138,137,192 | ||||
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
876,378 | 101,072,763 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period/year |
| 876,378 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period/year |
876,378 | 101,949,141 | ||||
F-32
VISIONCHINA MEDIA INC.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT SCHEDULE I
(Amounts in U.S. dollars ($))
Schedule 1 has been provided pursuant to the requirements of Rule 12-04(a) and 4-08(e)(3) of Regulation S-X, which require condensed financial information as to financial position, changes in financial position and results of operations of a parent company as of the same dates and for the same periods for which audited consolidated financial statements have been presented when the restricted net assets of consolidated and unconsolidated subsidiaries together exceed 25 percent of consolidated net assets as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, approximately $8,355,733 and $54,949,065 of the registered capital and reserves are not available for distribution, and as such, the condensed financial information of VisionChina Media Inc. has been presented for the period starting from January 27, 2006 (the date of incorporation). No condensed financial information has been presented for additional periods as the Company did not legally exist until January 27, 2006 and the historic consolidated financial statements presented represent those of the Group as if the Company had been incorporated as of the earliest period presented.
Basis of Presentation
For the purposes of the presentation of the parent company only financial information, the Company records its investment in subsidiaries under the equity method of accounting as prescribed in APB opinion No. 18, The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock. Such investment is presented on the balance sheet as Investment in Subsidiaries and 100% of the subsidiaries profit or loss as Equity in profit or loss of subsidiary companies on the statement of operations and comprehensive income.
F-33