As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 21, 2006

Registration No. 333-      

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

 

Form S-4

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

 

 

U.S. Concrete, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

See ‘‘Table of Additional Registrant Guarantors” on the following page for information

relating to the subsidiary guarantors of the subordinated notes registered hereby.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Copy to:

 

Ted W. Paris

Baker Botts L.L.P.

One Shell Plaza

910 Louisiana Street, Suite 3000

Houston, Texas 77002

(713) 229-1234

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public:  As soon as practicable following the effectiveness of this Registration Statement.

 

If the securities being registered on this Form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, check the following box.  o

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

 

 

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

 

The Registrants hereby amend this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrants shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

TABLE OF ADDITIONAL REGISTRANT GUARANTORS

 

 

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED NOVEMBER 21, 2006

 

PROSPECTUS

U.S. Concrete, Inc.

 

$85,000,000

 

Offer to Exchange

 

 

83/8% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014

 

for

 

All Outstanding

 

83/8% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014

 

Issued on July 5, 2006

The new notes:

 

 

The exchange offer:

 

 

In addition, you should note that:

 

 

You should consider carefully the risk factors beginning on page 10 of this prospectus before participating in the exchange offer.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the new notes or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

The date of this prospectus is          , 2006.

 

This prospectus incorporates important business and financial information about us from documents that are not included in or delivered with this prospectus. See “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 81 of this prospectus. This information is available to holders of the notes without charge upon written or oral request directed to U.S. Concrete, Inc., Attention: Investor Relations, 2925 Briarpark, Suite 1050, Houston, Texas 77042, Telephone: (713) 499-6200. To obtain timely delivery of any of our filings, agreements or other documents, you must make your request to us no later than          , 2007, which is five days before the exchange offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on          , 2007.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

Each broker-dealer that receives new notes for its own account pursuant to this exchange offer must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such new securities. The letter of transmittal attached as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part states that by so acknowledging and by delivering a prospectus, a broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. This prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by a broker-dealer in connection with resales of new securities received in exchange for securities where such securities were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities. We have agreed that, starting on the date of the completion of the exchange offer to which this prospectus relates and ending on the close of business one year after the completion date, we will make this prospectus available to any broker-dealer for use in connection with any such resale. See “Plan of Distribution.”

 

 

This prospectus, including information we incorporate by reference, contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. You can identify our forward-looking statements by words such as “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “forecast,” “budget,” “goal” or other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. When considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in this prospectus.

 

The forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and we caution you not to rely unduly on them. We have based many of these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and assumptions about future events, which may prove to be inaccurate. Although our management considers those expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. These risks, contingencies and uncertainties relate to, among other matters, the following:

 

 

 

We have discussed some of these factors in more detail in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus. These factors are not necessarily all the important factors that could affect us. We advise you that you should (1) be aware that important factors we do not refer to above could affect the accuracy of our forward-looking statements and (2) use caution and common sense when considering our forward-looking statements. We do not intend to update these statements unless the securities laws require us to do so.

 

MARKET DATA

 

Unless otherwise indicated, the market share and industry data used throughout this prospectus were obtained primarily from third-party industry data, internal company surveys and management estimates based on these surveys and our management’s knowledge of the industry. F.W. Dodge, the National Precast Concrete Association and the National Ready-Mixed Concrete Association (the “NRMCA”) were the primary sources for third-party industry data. Industry surveys and publications generally state that the information contained in those surveys and publications has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but there can be no assurance as to the accuracy and completeness of such information. We have not independently verified any of the data from third-party sources. Similarly, internal company surveys and management estimates have not been verified by any independent sources. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the market share or industry data presented in this prospectus, our estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus.

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

The Exchange Offer		We are offering to issue to you new 83/8% senior subordinated notes due 2014 without transfer restrictions or rights under the registration rights agreement in exchange for your outstanding 83/8% senior subordinated notes due 2014 issued on July 5, 2006. The new notes will vote together with the outstanding old notes not exchanged on all matters on which holders of the outstanding old notes and new notes are entitled to vote.
		Outstanding old notes that are not tendered for exchange will continue to be subject to transfer restrictions and will not have registration rights. The market for secondary resales of outstanding old notes that are not tendered for exchange is therefore likely to be minimal.
Expiration Date		Unless sooner terminated, the exchange offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on          , 2007, or at a later date and time to which we extend it. We do not currently intend to extend the expiration date. Please read “The Exchange Offer — Extensions, Delay in Acceptance, Termination or Amendment.”
Conditions to the Exchange Offer		We will not be required to accept outstanding old notes for exchange if the exchange offer would violate applicable law or any interpretation of the staff of the SEC or if any legal action has been instituted or threatened that would impair our ability to proceed with the exchange offer. The exchange offer is not conditioned on any minimum aggregate principal amount of outstanding old notes being tendered. The exchange offer is subject to customary conditions, which we may waive in our sole discretion. Please read the section “The Exchange Offer — Conditions to the Exchange Offer” for more information about the conditions to the exchange offer.
Procedures for Tendering Outstanding Old Notes		If you wish to participate in the exchange offer, you must complete, sign and date the letter of transmittal and mail or deliver the letter of transmittal, together with your outstanding old notes, to the exchange agent prior to the expiration date. If your outstanding old notes are held through The Depository Trust Company, or the DTC, you may deliver your outstanding old notes by book-entry transfer.
		In the alternative, if your outstanding old notes are held through the DTC and you wish to participate in the exchange offer, you may do so through the DTC’s automated tender offer program. If you tender under this program, you will agree to be bound by the letter of transmittal that we are providing with this prospectus as though you had signed the letter of transmittal.

		By signing or agreeing to be bound by the letter of transmittal, you will represent to us and the subsidiary guarantors, among other things, that:
		• you are not our “affiliate,” as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act, or an affiliate of a subsidiary guarantor, or if you are such an affiliate, you will comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act to the extent applicable;
		• if you are a broker-dealer, you are not tendering outstanding old notes acquired directly from us, a subsidiary guarantor, one of our affiliates or an affiliate of a subsidiary guarantor for your own account;
		• if you are not a broker-dealer, you are not engaged in and do not intend to participate in a distribution (within the meaning of the Securities Act) of the new notes;
		• you have no arrangement or understanding with any person to participate in the distribution (within the meaning of the Securities Act) of the new notes or the outstanding old notes;
		• any new notes you receive will be acquired in the ordinary course of your business;
		• if you are a broker-dealer that will receive new notes for your own account in exchange for outstanding old notes, you acquired those outstanding old notes as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities, and you will deliver a prospectus, as required by law, in connection with any resale of those new notes; and
		• you are not acting on behalf of any person who could not truthfully and completely make the foregoing representations.
		Please see “The Exchange Offer — Purpose and Effect of the Exchange Offer” and “The Exchange Offer — Your Representations to Us.”
Withdrawal Rights		You may withdraw your tender of outstanding old notes at any time prior to the expiration date by sending a written or facsimile withdrawal notice to the exchange agent. Promptly after the expiration or termination of the exchange offer, we will return to you, without charge, any outstanding old notes that you tendered but that were not accepted for exchange.
Procedures for Beneficial Owners		Only a registered holder of the outstanding old notes may tender in the exchange offer. If you beneficially own outstanding old notes registered in the name of a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee and you wish to tender your outstanding old notes in the exchange offer, you should promptly contact the registered holder and instruct it to tender the outstanding old notes on your behalf.
		If you wish to tender your outstanding old notes on your own behalf, you must either arrange to have your outstanding old notes registered in your name or obtain a properly completed bond power

		from the registered holder before completing and executing the letter of transmittal and delivering your outstanding old notes. The transfer of registered ownership may take considerable time.
Guaranteed Delivery Procedures		If you wish to tender your outstanding old notes and cannot comply before the expiration date with the requirement to deliver your outstanding old notes and the letter of transmittal or other required documents or cannot use the applicable procedures under the automated tender offer program of the DTC, you must tender your outstanding old notes according to the guaranteed delivery procedures described in “The Exchange Offer — Guaranteed Delivery Procedures.” If you tender using the guaranteed delivery procedures, the exchange agent must receive the properly completed and executed letter of transmittal or facsimile thereof, together with your outstanding old notes or a book-entry confirmation and any other documents required by the letter of transmittal, within three business days after the expiration date.
Consequences of Failure to Exchange Your Outstanding Old Notes		If you do not exchange your outstanding old notes in the exchange offer, you will no longer be entitled to registration rights. You will not be able to offer or sell the outstanding old notes unless they are later registered, sold pursuant to an exemption from registration or sold in a transaction not subject to the Securities Act or state securities laws. Other than in connection with the exchange offer or as specified in the registration rights agreement, we are not obligated to, nor do we currently anticipate that we will, register the outstanding old notes under the Securities Act. See “The Exchange Offer — Consequences of Failure to Exchange.”
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations		The exchange of new notes for outstanding old notes in the exchange offer will not be a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Please read “Certain United States Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
Use of Proceeds		We will not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of new notes in the exchange offer.
Plan of Distribution		All broker-dealers who receive new notes in the exchange offer have a prospectus delivery obligation.
		Based on SEC no-action letters, broker-dealers who acquired the outstanding old notes as a result of market-making or other trading activities may use this exchange offer prospectus, as supplemented or amended, in connection with the resales of the new notes. We and the subsidiary guarantors have agreed to make this prospectus available to any broker-dealer delivering a prospectus as required by law in connection with resales of the new notes for one year following the completion of the exchange offer.
		Broker-dealers who acquired the outstanding old notes from us may not rely on SEC staff interpretations in no-action letters and instead must comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act, including being named as selling noteholders, in order to resell the outstanding old notes or the new notes.

New Notes Offered		$85 million aggregate principal amount of 83/8% senior subordinated notes due 2014. In 2004, we previously issued under the same indenture $200 million aggregate principal amount of our 83/8% senior subordinated notes due 2014, which we refer to as the ‘‘notes issued in 2004,” all of which are currently outstanding. The new notes offered in this offering, the old notes and the notes issued in 2004 will have identical terms and will be treated as a single class of securities under the indenture. We refer to the new notes, the old notes and the notes issued in 2004, collectively, as the ‘‘notes.”
Maturity Date		April 1, 2014.
Interest Payment Dates		April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2007.
Guarantees		As is the case with the rest of the notes, the new notes will be guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior subordinated

		unsecured basis, by certain of our existing and future domestic subsidiaries.
Ranking		The new notes will rank equally with the outstanding old notes and the notes issued in 2004 and will be:
		• our senior subordinated unsecured obligations;
		• effectively subordinate in right of payment to all debt and other obligations (including trade payables) of any of our subsidiaries that do not guarantee the notes;
		• effectively subordinate in right of payment to all our existing and future senior debt, including borrowings under our credit facility to the extent of the value of the assets securing that debt; and
		• equal in right payment with all of our existing and future senior subordinated debt, including the old notes and the notes issued in 2004.
		The subsidiary guarantee of each subsidiary guarantor will be:
		• a senior subordinated unsecured obligation of that subsidiary guarantor;
		• effectively subordinate in right of payment to that subsidiary guarantor’s existing and future senior debt, including subsidiary guarantees of our credit facility; and
		• equal in right of payment with that subsidiary guarantor’s existing and future senior subordinated debt, including the subsidiary guarantees of the old notes and the notes issued in 2004.
		As of September 30, 2006, we and the subsidiary guarantors had $9.3 million of senior debt outstanding, excluding intercompany debt and outstanding letters of credit, and $283.6 million of senior subordinated indebtedness outstanding. The indenture governing the notes permits us, subject to specified limitations, to incur additional debt, some or all of which may be senior debt and some of which may be secured.
Mandatory Redemption		None.
Optional Redemption		At any time on or after April 1, 2009, we may redeem some or all of the notes at the redemption prices specified in “Description of the New Notes — Optional Redemption.”
		At any time prior to April 1, 2007, we may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes in an amount not to exceed the amount of proceeds of one or more equity offerings, at a price equal to 108.375% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date; provided that at least 65% of the original aggregate principal amount of the notes issued remains outstanding after the redemption, as further described in “Description of the New Notes — Optional Redemption.”
Change of Control		Following a change of control, we may be required to offer to purchase all the notes at a purchase price of 101% of their principal

		amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase.
Certain Covenants		The new notes will be issued under the same indenture as the outstanding old notes, which is the same indenture through which our notes issued in 2004 were issued. The indenture contains certain covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability and the ability of our subsidiary guarantors, to:
		• incur additional debt;
		• pay dividends and make other restricted payments;
		• create or permit certain liens;
		• issue or sell capital stock of subsidiary guarantors;
		• use the proceeds from sales of assets;
		• create or permit restrictions on the ability of our subsidiary guarantors to pay dividends or to make other distributions to us;
		• enter into transactions with affiliates; or
		• consolidate or merge or sell our assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety.
		These covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications as described under the heading “Description of the New Notes — Certain Covenants.”
Events of Default		Certain circumstances or events constitute an event of default under the indenture as described under the heading “Description of the New Notes — Events of Default.”
Sinking Fund		There will be no mandatory sinking fund payments for the new notes.
Absence of Market for the New Notes		We do not intend to apply for the new notes to be listed on any securities exchange or to arrange for any quotation system to quote them. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that a liquid market will develop for the new notes.
Use of Proceeds		We will not receive any cash consideration in the exchange offer.

														Nine Months Ended
		Year Ended December 31,												September 30,
		2003				2004				2005				2005				2006
														(Unaudited)
		(Dollars in thousands)
Statement of Operations Data:
Sales		$	473,124			$	500,589			$	575,655			$	418,010			$	578,975
Cost of goods sold before depreciation, depletion and amortization			388,717				412,262				472,010				343,565				477,769
Selling, general and administrative expenses			42,550				48,110				54,028				38,345				46,824
Depreciation, depletion and amortization			12,441				12,669				13,591				9,783				15,561
Income from operations			29,416				27,548				36,026				26,317				38,821
Interest expense, net			16,855				16,523				17,315				12,939				14,590
Loss on early extinguishment of debt			—				28,781				—				—				—
Other income, net			3,016				840				2,022				871				1,304
Income (loss) before income taxes			15,577				(16,916	)			20,733				14,249				25,535
Income tax provision (benefit)			5,274				(6,377	)			8,121				5,693				9,809
Net income (loss)		$	10,303			$	(10,539	)		$	12,612			$	8,556			$	15,726
Balance Sheet Data (at end of period):
Total assets		$	400,974			$	449,159			$	494,043			$	483,344			$	769,268
Total debt (including current maturities)			155,039				200,777				201,571				304,582				304,978
Total stockholders’ equity			176,711				168,849				184,921				178,762				292,118
Ready-Mixed Concrete Data:
Average selling price per cubic yard		$	73.34			$	76.38			$	85.15			$	84.40			$	87.65
Sales volume in cubic yards			5,026				5,052				5,298				3,857				5,369
Other Data:
Net cash provided by operating activities		$	26,692			$	34,423			$	41,229			$	21,216			$	19,977
Net cash used in investing activities			(17,259	)			(11,597	)			(58,563	)			(13,070	)			(207,843	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities			(7,007	)			9,770				1,281				162				177,604

																						Nine Months Ended
		Year Ended December 31,																				September 30,
		2001				2002				2003				2004				2005				2005				2006
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(1)			1.7	x			(2	)			1.7	x			(3	)			1.9	x			1.9x				2.4x

(1)		For purposes of computing the ratios of earnings to fixed charges: (a) “earnings” consist of income (loss) before income taxes and cumulative effect of accounting change plus fixed charges (excluding capitalized interest) and (b) “fixed charges” consist of interest expensed and capitalized, amortization of debt issue costs relating to indebtedness and the portion of rental expense representative of a reasonable approximation of the interest factor attributable to leases for rental property.
(2)		Due to the registrant’s loss in 2002, the ratio coverage was less than 1:1. The registrant must generate additional earnings of $3,430,000 to achieve a coverage of 1:1.
(3)		Due to the registrant’s loss in 2004, the ratio coverage was less than 1:1. The registrant must generate additional earnings of $16,916,000 to achieve a coverage of 1:1.

 

As with the rest of the notes, an investment in the new notes involves a number of risks. You should carefully consider the following matters, in addition to the other information we have provided in this prospectus. The risks and uncertainties we describe below are not the only ones relating to these securities or facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material may also impact our business, operations, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Risks Related to the Exchange Offer

 

If you fail to exchange your outstanding old notes, the existing transfer restrictions will remain in effect and the market value of your outstanding old notes may be adversely affected because they may be more difficult to sell.

 

In general, the outstanding old notes may not be offered or sold unless they are registered or exempt from registration under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws. Except in connection with this exchange offer or in the very limited circumstances as may be required by the registration rights agreement, we do not intend to register resales of the outstanding old notes.

 

The tender of outstanding old notes under the exchange offer will reduce the aggregate principal amount and, therefore, the liquidity of the notes outstanding. This may have an adverse effect upon, and increase the volatility of, the market price of any outstanding old notes that you continue to hold.

 

Risks Related to the Notes

 

Our substantial debt could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under the notes.

 

We currently have, and after the exchange offer we will continue to have, a significant amount of debt. As of September 30, 2006, we had approximately $305.0 million of outstanding debt. Upon the completion of the Alberta acquisition in July 2006, we incurred an additional $103.3 million of debt.

 

Our substantial debt and other financial obligations could have important consequences to you. For example, it could:

 

 

Our senior secured credit facility and the indenture governing the notes permit us to incur and to guarantee additional indebtedness. We anticipate that any future acquisitions we pursue as part of our strategy may be financed through a combination of cash on hand, operating cash flow, availability under our existing credit facility and new securities offerings. If new debt is added to current debt levels, the related risks described above could increase. See “Description of the New Notes.”

We will require a significant amount of cash to service all our debt.

 

Our ability to pay or to refinance our indebtedness depends on our future operating performance, which will be affected by general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations and future financings may not be available to us in amounts sufficient to enable us to pay our debt or fund other liquidity needs. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service obligations, we may have to renegotiate the terms of our debt or obtain additional financing, possibly on less favorable terms than our current debt. If we are not able to renegotiate the terms of our debt or obtain additional financing, we could be forced to sell assets under unfavorable circumstances. The terms of our senior secured credit facility and the indenture governing the notes limit our ability to sell assets and restrict the use of proceeds from any asset sale.

 

The right to receive payments on the notes and guarantees of those notes is unsecured and subordinated to our senior debt, which could result in situations where there are not sufficient funds available to pay the notes.

 

Payment on the notes will be subordinated in right of payment to all our senior debt, including indebtedness under our senior secured credit facility. Payment on the guarantee of each subsidiary guarantor of the notes will be subordinated in right of payment to that subsidiary guarantor’s senior debt, including its guarantee of our obligations under our senior secured credit facility. Upon any distribution to our creditors or the creditors of the subsidiary guarantors in a bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization or similar proceeding relating to us or the subsidiary guarantors or our or their property, the holders of senior debt will be entitled to be paid in full in cash before any payment may be made on the notes or the subsidiary guarantees thereof, as the case may be. In these cases, we or a subsidiary guarantor, as the case may be, may not have sufficient funds to pay all of our or its creditors, and holders of the notes may receive less, ratably, than the holders of senior debt, including the lenders under our senior secured credit facility, and due to the turnover provisions in the indenture for the notes, less, ratably, than the holders of unsubordinated obligations, including trade payables. In addition, all payments on the notes and the related guarantees will be blocked in the event of a payment default on any senior debt and may be blocked for up to 179 consecutive days in the event of certain non-payment defaults on designated senior debt.

 

The notes are effectively subordinated to claims of our secured creditors and the guarantees of each subsidiary guarantor are effectively subordinated to the claims of the existing and future secured creditors of that subsidiary guarantor. Our obligations under our senior secured credit facility are secured by liens on all or substantially all of our and our subsidiaries’ assets. At September 30, 2006, there was $9.3 million of revolving credit borrowings outstanding under our credit facility and the amount of the available credit was approximately $80.2 million, net of outstanding letters of credit of $15.5 million, under our senior secured credit facility.

 

Our existing debt arrangements impose restrictions on us that may adversely affect our ability to operate our business.

 

The indenture governing the notes and our senior secured credit facility contain covenants that restrict, among other things, our ability to:

 

 

 

 

 

In addition, our indenture and senior secured credit facility contain financial covenants and other limitations with which we must comply. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, and our future operating results may not be sufficient to comply with the covenants or, in the event of a default under either our indenture or senior secured credit facility, to remedy such a covenant default.

 

Our failure to comply with any of our financial or other covenants under our indenture or senior secured credit facility could result in an event of default. On the occurrence of any such event of default, the trustee under the indenture or our lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the indenture or our senior secured credit facility, as applicable, to be immediately due and payable, and our lenders could terminate all commitments to extend further credit to us and foreclose on any collateral we have granted to secure our obligations under our senior secured credit facility.

 

The subsidiary guarantees may be subject to judicial scrutiny under applicable fraudulent conveyance laws.

 

The issuance of the subsidiary guarantees may be subject to review under applicable fraudulent conveyance or transfer laws in a bankruptcy or similar proceeding involving one or more of the guarantors or in a lawsuit brought by or on behalf of the creditors of one or more of the guarantors. Under these laws, if a court were to find that, at the time a guarantor issued its subsidiary guarantee,

 

 

 

then the court could determine not to enforce the subsidiary guarantee, subordinate the subsidiary guarantee to other indebtedness of the guarantor or take other action detrimental to the holders of the notes. Among other things, a legal challenge of a subsidiary guarantee issued by a guarantor on fraudulent conveyance grounds might focus on the benefits, if any, realized by the guarantor as a result of our issuance of the notes and its subsidiary guarantee. Furthermore, other guarantors may not receive any direct benefit from the issuance of the notes. The indenture relating to the notes contains a savings clause, which generally purports to limit the obligations of each guarantor under its subsidiary guarantee to the maximum amount as will, after giving effect to all the liabilities of such guarantor, result in such obligations not constituting a fraudulent conveyance. To the extent the subsidiary guarantee of any guarantor is avoided as a fraudulent conveyance or held unenforceable for any reason, the holders of the notes would cease to have any claim against that guarantor and would be creditors solely of U.S. Concrete, Inc. and any guarantor whose subsidiary guarantee is not avoided or held to be unenforceable.

 

The measure of insolvency for purposes of the considerations described above will vary depending on the law applied in any such proceeding. Generally, however, an entity may be considered insolvent if:

 

 

Based on historical financial information, recent operating history and other information currently available to us, we believe the subsidiary guarantees issued concurrently with the issuance of the notes have been or will be issued and granted for proper purposes and in good faith and that, after giving effect to the issuance of such subsidiary guarantees, each subsidiary guarantor will be solvent and will continue to be solvent, will have sufficient capital for carrying on its business and will be able to pay its debts as they become absolute and mature. We cannot provide you with any assurance, however, that a court passing on those issues would reach the same conclusions. Furthermore, we cannot provide you with any assurance that those standards would be satisfied in the case of any existing or future subsidiary of ours that becomes a guarantor in the future, because a determination as to whether those standards would be satisfied will depend on, among other circumstances, the financial condition of that guarantor at the time of the incurrence of its obligations in respect of its subsidiary guarantee.

 

We may be unable to purchase the notes upon a change of control.

 

Upon a change of control, as defined in the indenture, holders of notes will have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of the outstanding notes, including the notes offered hereby, the old notes and our notes issued in 2004, at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount, together with any accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of repurchase. If a change of control were to occur, the terms of our senior secured credit facility contain, and any additional debt agreements to which we are party at such time may contain, restrictions and provisions limiting our ability to purchase your notes. Any failure to make an offer to purchase, or to repay holders tendering notes, upon a change of control will result in an event of default under the notes. We may not have the financial resources to repurchase your notes, particularly if a change of control event triggers a similar repurchase requirement for other indebtedness, or results in the acceleration of other indebtedness. See “Description of the New Notes — Repurchase at the Option of Holders Upon a Change of Control.”

 

Your ability to transfer the notes may be limited by the absence of an active trading market and restrictions on transfer under applicable securities laws.

 

As is the case with all the notes, we do not intend to list the new notes for trading on any national securities exchange or arrange for any quotation system to quote prices for them. Therefore, an active market for the new notes may not develop or, if developed, may not be maintained. The new notes offered by this prospectus will be issued under the same indenture as our notes issued in 2004, of which $200 million are currently outstanding. The notes offered by this prospectus and our outstanding notes will have identical terms and will be treated as a single class of securities under the indenture.

 

If an active trading market for the notes does not develop or is not maintained, holders of the notes may experience difficulty in reselling, or an inability to sell, such notes. If you are able to resell your notes, the price you receive will depend on many other factors that may vary over time, including:

 

 

As a result of these factors, you may be able to sell your notes only at prices below those you believe to be appropriate, including prices below the price you paid for your notes.

Risks Related to Our Business

 

There are risks related to our internal growth and operating strategies.

 

Our ability to generate internal growth will be affected by, among other factors, our ability to:

 

 

One key component of our operating strategy is to operate our businesses on a decentralized basis, with local or regional management retaining responsibility for day-to-day operations, profitability and the internal growth of the individual business. If we do not implement and maintain proper overall business controls, this decentralized operating strategy could result in inconsistent operating and financial practices and our overall profitability could be adversely affected.

 

Our resources, including management resources, are limited and may be strained if we engage in a significant number of acquisitions. Also, acquisitions may divert our management’s attention from initiating or carrying out programs to save costs or enhance revenues.

 

Our inability to achieve internal growth could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

We may be unsuccessful in continuing to carry out our strategy of growth through acquisitions.

 

One of our principal growth strategies is to increase our revenues and the markets we serve and to continue entering new geographic markets through the acquisition of additional ready-mixed concrete and related businesses. We may not be able to acquire suitable acquisition candidates at reasonable prices and on other reasonable terms for a number of reasons, including the following:

 

 

In addition, there are risks associated with the acquisitions we complete. We may face difficulties integrating newly acquired businesses into our operations efficiently and on a timely basis. This may be the case particularly with respect to the Alberta acquisition, which is significantly larger than the businesses we have acquired in the past. We also may experience unforeseen difficulties managing the increased scope, geographic diversity and complexity of our operations or mitigating contingent or assumed liabilities, potentially including liabilities we do not anticipate.

 

Our operating results may vary significantly from one reporting period to another and may be adversely affected by the seasonal and cyclical nature of the markets we serve.

 

The ready-mixed concrete business is seasonal. In particular, demand for our products and services during the winter months is typically lower than in other months because of inclement winter weather. In addition, sustained periods of inclement weather or permitting delays could postpone or delay projects over geographic regions of the United States and consequently could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

The relative demand for ready-mixed concrete is a function of the highly cyclical construction industry. As a result, our revenues may be adversely affected by declines in the construction industry generally and in

our local markets for ready-mixed concrete and other concrete products. Our results also may be materially affected by:

 

 

As a result, our operating results in any particular quarter may not be indicative of the results that you can expect for any other quarter or for the entire year. Furthermore, negative trends in the ready-mixed concrete industry or in our geographic markets could have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

We may lose business to competitors who underbid us and we may be otherwise unable to compete favorably in our highly competitive industry.

 

Our competitive position in a given market depends largely on the location and operating costs of our ready-mixed concrete plants and prevailing prices in that market. Generally, ready-mixed concrete is price-sensitive. Our prices are subject to changes in response to relatively minor fluctuations in supply and demand, general economic conditions and market conditions, all of which are beyond our control. Because of the fixed-cost nature of our business, our overall profitability is sensitive to minor variations in sales volumes and small shifts in the balance between supply and demand. Price is the primary competitive factor among suppliers for small or simple jobs, principally in residential construction, while timeliness of delivery and consistency of quality and service, as well as price, are the principal competitive factors among suppliers for large or complex jobs. Concrete manufacturers like us generally obtain customer contracts through local sales and marketing efforts directed at general contractors, developers and homebuilders. As a result, we depend on local relationships. We generally do not have any long-term sales contracts with our customers.

 

Our competitors range from small, owner-operated private companies to subsidiaries or operating units of large, vertically integrated manufacturers of cement and aggregates. Our vertically integrated competitors generally have greater manufacturing, financial and marketing resources than we have, providing them with a competitive advantage. Competitors having lower operating costs than we do or having the financial resources to enable them to accept lower margins than we do will have a competitive advantage over us for jobs that are particularly price-sensitive. Competitors having greater financial resources or less financial leverage than we do to invest in new mixer trucks, build plants in new areas or pay for acquisitions also will have competitive advantages over us.

We depend on third parties for concrete equipment and supplies essential to operate our business.

 

We rely on third parties to lease properties, plant and equipment to us and to provide supplies, including cement and other raw materials, necessary for our operations. We cannot assure you that our favorable working relationships with our suppliers will continue in the future. Also, there have historically been periods of supply shortages in the concrete industry, particularly in a strong economy.

 

If we are unable to lease necessary properties or equipment, our operations could be severely impacted. If we lose our supply contracts and receive insufficient supplies from other third parties to meet our customers’ needs or if our suppliers experience price increases or disruptions to their business, such as labor disputes, supply shortages or distribution problems, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

 

During the last three quarters of 2004, supplies of cement were tight in some of our markets as a result of increased demand for cement, lower inventories of cement, downtime at certain cement plants and insufficient availability to increase imports of cement. This shortage curtailed some sales of our ready-mixed concrete, and cement prices increased, which adversely affected our gross margins. During the first nine months of 2005, cement shortages temporarily abated, although tightness of supply brought about by strong domestic consumption and insufficient availability of imported cement resulted in a continuation of the cement price increases experienced in the prior year. In the second and third quarters of 2005, these conditions persisted and we experienced further increases in cement prices in the majority of our markets. During the second quarter of 2005, we experienced cement shortages in our North Texas market that had a negative impact on our operating results through both decreased sales and higher cost of raw materials. Because of expected continued strong domestic consumption and insufficient availability of cement in certain markets, we could experience continued shortages in future periods, which could adversely affect our operating results, through both decreased sales and higher cost of raw materials.

 

Throughout 2005 and through the first nine months of 2006, our product pricing for ready-mixed concrete continued to increase in most of our markets. These price increases have allowed us to absorb the rising cost of raw materials (primarily cement and aggregates). However, gains on increased prices were offset in part by higher labor, freight and delivery costs, including rising diesel fuel costs. With the national average of diesel fuel prices in 2005 having risen 33% over the prices in 2004, we have experienced both increased freight charges for our raw materials, in the form of fuel surcharges, and increased cost to deliver our products. As these costs have become more significant over the last two years, we have instituted fuel surcharges in most of our markets in an attempt to cover these rising costs. We do not have any long-term fuel supply contracts that would protect us from rising fuel costs. Sustaining or improving our margins in the future will depend on market conditions and our ability to increase our product pricing or realize gains in productivity to offset further increases in raw materials and other costs. We cannot assure you that we will be able to sustain or improve our margins in the future.

 

Governmental regulations, including environmental regulations, may result in increases in our operating costs and capital expenditures and decreases in our earnings.

 

A wide range of federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations apply to our operations, including the following matters:

 

 

In many instances, we must have various certificates, permits or licenses in order to conduct our business. Our failure to maintain required certificates, permits or licenses or to comply with applicable governmental requirements could result in substantial fines or possible revocation of our authority to conduct some of our

operations. Delays in obtaining approvals for the transfer or grant of certificates, permits or licenses, or failure to obtain new certificates, permits or licenses, could impede the implementation of our acquisition program.

 

Governmental requirements that impact our operations include those relating to air quality, solid waste management and water quality. These requirements are complex and subject to frequent change. They impose strict liability in some cases without regard to negligence or fault and may expose us to liability for the conduct of or conditions caused by others, or for our acts that complied with all applicable requirements when we performed them. Our compliance with amended, new or more stringent requirements, stricter interpretations of existing requirements or the future discovery of environmental conditions may require us to make unanticipated material expenditures. In addition, we may fail to identify or obtain indemnification from environmental liabilities of acquired businesses. We generally do not maintain insurance to cover environmental liabilities.

 

In March 2005, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board for the Central Valley Region issued a draft order to regulate discharges of concrete wastewater and solid wastes associated with concrete manufacturing at ready-mixed concrete plants located in and near Sacramento, California. This order would affect four sites in which six of our ready-mixed concrete plants operate in northern California. If approved in its current draft form, the order would require all existing ready-mixed concrete plants in the area to retrofit or reconstruct their waste management units to provide impermeable containment of all concrete wastewater and install leak detection systems. It also would require all new ready-mixed concrete plants in the area to be constructed with similar waste management units. The draft order provides that operators of existing ready-mixed concrete plants would have 180 days to apply for coverage under the order, and then one year after coverage is obtained to complete all required retrofitting. In June 2005, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board for the Central Valley Region delayed approval of the order to provide the Construction Materials Association of California and various concrete producers time to provide certain information to it for further consideration. Although our actual capital expenditures may vary significantly and will ultimately depend on final regulations, if the order is approved in its current form, the cost of capital improvements to our plants at the four sites in the affected area may be up to $1.0 million per site. Also, if the order is considered and adopted by the California Water Quality Control Board for the San Francisco Bay Region, we might incur similar costs to retrofit our existing plants in that area.

 

Our operations are subject to various hazards that may cause personal injury or property damage and increase our operating costs.

 

Operating mixer trucks, particularly when loaded, exposes our drivers and others to traffic hazards. Our drivers are subject to the usual hazards associated with providing services on construction sites, while our plant personnel are subject to the hazards associated with moving and storing large quantities of heavy raw materials. Operating hazards can cause personal injury and loss of life, damage to or destruction of properties, plant and equipment and environmental damage. Although we conduct training programs designed to reduce these risks, we cannot eliminate these risks. We maintain insurance coverage in amounts we believe are in accord with industry practice; however, this insurance may not be adequate to cover all losses or liabilities we may incur in our operations, and we may not be able to maintain insurance of the types or at levels we deem necessary or adequate or at rates we consider reasonable. A partially or completely uninsured claim, if successful and of sufficient magnitude, could have a material adverse effect on us.

 

The insurance policies we maintain are subject to varying levels of deductibles. Losses up to the deductible amounts are accrued based on our estimates of the ultimate liability for claims incurred and an estimate of claims incurred but not reported. If we were to experience insurance claims or costs above our estimates, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be materially and adversely affected.

 

The departure of key personnel could disrupt our business, and our business growth will necessitate the successful hiring of new senior managers and executive officers.

 

We depend on the continued efforts of our executive officers and, in many cases, on senior management of our businesses. Our success will depend on recruiting new senior level managers and officers, and we

cannot be certain that we can recruit and retain such additional managers and officers. To the extent we are unable to manage our growth effectively or are unable to attract and retain qualified management personnel, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. We do not carry key-person life insurance on any of our employees.

 

We may be unable to attract and retain qualified employees.

 

Our ability to provide high-quality products and services on a timely basis depends on our success in employing an adequate number of skilled plant managers, technicians and drivers. Like many of our competitors, we experience shortages of qualified personnel from time to time. We may not be able to maintain an adequate skilled labor force necessary to operate efficiently and to support our growth strategy, and our labor expenses may increase as a result of a shortage in the supply of skilled personnel.

 

Collective bargaining agreements, work stoppages and other labor relations matters may result in increases in our operating costs, disruptions in our business and decreases in our earnings.

 

As of September 30, 2006, approximately 32.5% of our employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements, which expire between 2006 and 2010. Our inability to negotiate acceptable new contracts or extensions of existing contracts with these unions could cause strikes or other work stoppages by the affected employees. In addition, any new contracts or extensions could result in increased operating costs attributable to both union and nonunion employees. If any such strikes or other work stoppages were to occur, or if other of our employees were to become represented by a union, we could experience a significant disruption of our operations and higher ongoing labor costs, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, the coexistence of union and nonunion employees may lead to conflicts between union and nonunion employees or impede our ability to integrate our operations efficiently. Also, labor relations matters affecting our suppliers of cement and aggregates could adversely impact our business from time to time.

 

We contribute to 14 multiemployer pension plans. If we were to withdraw partially or completely from any plan that is underfunded, we would be liable for a proportionate share of that plan’s unfunded vested benefits. Based on the limited information available from plan administrators, which we cannot independently validate, we believe that our portion of the contingent liability in the case of a full or partial withdrawal from or termination of several of these plans would be material to our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Our overall profitability is sensitive to price changes and minor variations in sales volumes.

 

Generally, ready-mixed concrete is price-sensitive. Prices for our products are subject to changes in response to relatively minor fluctuations in supply and demand, general economic conditions and market conditions, all of which are beyond our control. Because of the fixed-cost nature of our business, our overall profitability is sensitive to price changes and minor variations in sales volumes.

 

We may incur material costs and losses as a result of claims our products do not meet regulatory requirements or contractual specifications.

 

Our operations involve providing products that must meet building code or other regulatory requirements and contractual specifications for durability, stress-level capacity, weight-bearing capacity and other characteristics. If we fail or are unable to provide products meeting these requirements and specifications, material claims may arise against us and our reputation could be damaged. In the past, we have had significant claims of this kind asserted against us that we have resolved. There currently are, and we expect that in the future there will be, additional claims of this kind asserted against us. If a significant product-related claim or claims are resolved against us in the future, that resolution may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our net sales attributable to infrastructure projects could be negatively impacted by a decrease or delay in governmental spending.

 

Our business depends in part on the level of governmental spending on infrastructure projects in our markets. Reduced levels of governmental funding for public works projects or delays in that funding could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Increasing insurance claims and expenses could lower profitability and increase business risk.

 

The nature of our business subjects us to product liability, property damage and personal injury claims. Over the last several years, insurance carriers have raised premiums for many companies operating in our industry, including us. Increased premiums may further increase our insurance expense as coverage expires or otherwise cause us to raise our self-insured retention. If the number or severity of claims within our self-insured retention increases, we could suffer costs in excess of our reserves. An unusually large liability claim or a string of claims based on a failure repeated throughout our mass production process may exceed our insurance coverage or result in direct damages if we were unable or elected not to insure against certain hazards because of high premiums or other reasons. In addition, the availability of, and our ability to collect on, insurance coverage is often subject to factors beyond our control.

 

Some of our plants are susceptible to damage from earthquakes. We maintain only a limited amount of earthquake insurance, and, therefore, we are not fully insured against earthquake risk. Any significant earthquake damage to our plants could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result of goodwill impairments.

 

Goodwill represents the amount by which the total purchase price we have paid for acquisitions exceeds our estimated fair value of the net assets acquired. We periodically test our recorded goodwill for impairment and charge expense with any impairment we recognize but do not otherwise amortize that goodwill.

 

As of September 30, 2006, goodwill represented approximately 38% of our total assets. On a pro forma basis to give effect to the Alberta acquisition, we estimate that as of June 30, 2006 our goodwill would have represented approximately 38% of our total assets. We can provide no assurance that future goodwill impairments will not occur. If we determine that any of our remaining balance of goodwill is impaired, we will be required to take an immediate noncash charge to earnings.

 

As a result of capital constraints and other factors, we may not be able to grow as rapidly as we may desire through acquiring additional businesses.

 

In addition to our existing working capital and cash from operations, our senior secured credit facility provides us with a significant source of liquidity. That facility provides us a borrowing capacity of up to $105 million. The credit agreement relating to this facility provides that the administrative agent may, on the bases specified, reduce the amount of the available credit from time to time.

 

We cannot readily predict the timing, size and success of our acquisition efforts or the capital we will need for those efforts. We may use our common stock as a component of the consideration we pay for future acquisitions. Issuances of common stock as acquisition consideration could have a dilutive effect on our stockholders. If our common stock does not maintain a sufficient market value or potential acquisition candidates are unwilling to accept our common stock as part of the consideration for the sale of their businesses, we may be required to use more of our cash resources to pursue our acquisition program.

 

Using cash for acquisition consideration limits our financial flexibility and increases the likelihood that we will need to seek additional capital through future debt or equity financings. If we seek more debt financing, we may have to agree to financial covenants that limit our operational and financial flexibility. Additional equity financing may dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders. There is no assurance that additional debt or equity financing will be available on terms acceptable to us.

 

The exchange offer is intended to satisfy our obligations under the registration rights agreement that we and the subsidiary guarantors entered into in connection with the private offering of the outstanding old notes. We will not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of the new notes. In consideration for issuing the new notes, we will receive in exchange a like principal amount of the outstanding old notes. The outstanding old notes surrendered in exchange for the new notes will be retired and canceled and cannot be reissued. Accordingly, issuance of the new notes will not result in any change in our capitalization.

 

We used the net proceeds from the sale of the outstanding old notes to fund a portion of the purchase price of the Alberta acquisition.

 

Participation in the exchange offer is voluntary, and you should carefully consider whether to accept. You are urged to consult your financial and tax advisors in making your own decision on what action to take.

 

We are offering to issue new 83/8% senior subordinated notes due 2014, the offering of which is being registered by the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, in exchange for a like principal amount of our outstanding 83/8% senior subordinated notes due 2014. We refer to our offer to exchange the outstanding old notes for new notes as the “exchange offer.” We may extend, delay or terminate the exchange offer. Holders of outstanding old notes will need to complete the exchange offer documentation related to the exchange.

 

Purpose and Effect of the Exchange Offer

 

We and the subsidiary guarantors entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers of the outstanding old notes in which we and the subsidiary guarantors agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to prepare and file with the SEC a registration statement relating to an offer to exchange the outstanding old notes for new notes and to use our commercially reasonable efforts to have it declared effective within 180 days after issuing the outstanding old notes. We are offering the new notes under this prospectus to satisfy those obligations under the registration rights agreement.

 

If we determine, upon advice of counsel, that the exchange offer is not permitted by law or applicable interpretations of the law by the staff of the SEC or if:

 

 

we and the subsidiary guarantors will use our commercially reasonable efforts to file, as promptly as practicable, with the SEC a shelf registration statement to cover resales of outstanding old notes. We and the subsidiary guarantors will also be required to file a shelf registration statement with the SEC if this exchange offer is not declared effective by January 1, 2007 or if this exchange offer is not completed within 45 days after the registration statement is declared effective.

 

If we and the subsidiary guarantors fail to comply with deadlines for completion of the exchange offer, we will be required to pay special interest to holders of the outstanding old notes. Please read the section captioned “Description of the New Notes — Registration Rights” for more details regarding the registration rights agreement.

 

Resale of New Notes

 

Based on interpretations of the SEC staff in “no action letters” issued to third parties, we believe that each new note issued under the exchange offer may be offered for resale, resold and otherwise transferred by you, the holder of that new note, without compliance with the registration and prospectus delivery provisions of the Securities Act if:

 

 

The SEC has not, however, considered the legality of our exchange offer in the context of a “no action letter,” and there can be no assurance that the staff of the SEC would make a similar determination with respect to our exchange offer as in other circumstances.

 

If you tender outstanding old notes in the exchange offer with the intention of participating in any manner in a distribution of the new notes, you:

 

 

Unless an exemption from registration is otherwise available, any holder intending to distribute new notes should be covered by an effective registration statement under the Securities Act containing the holder’s information required by Item 507 or Item 508, as applicable, of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act. This prospectus may be used for an offer to resell, resale or other retransfer of new notes only as specifically described in this prospectus. We have agreed to make this prospectus available in connection with resales of the new notes for up to one year from the completion of the exchange offer. Failure to comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements by a holder subject to these requirements could result in that holder incurring liability for which it is not indemnified by us. If you are a broker dealer, you may participate in the exchange offer only if you acquired outstanding old notes for your own account as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities. Each broker-dealer that receives new notes for its own account in exchange for outstanding old notes, if the outstanding old notes were acquired by that broker-dealer as a result of that market-making or other trading activities, must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of those new notes. Please read the section captioned “Plan of Distribution” for more details regarding the transfer of new notes.

 

Terms of the Exchange Offer

 

On the terms and subject to the conditions described in this prospectus and in the letter of transmittal, we will accept for exchange any outstanding old notes properly tendered and not withdrawn before the expiration date. We will issue $1,000 principal amount of new notes in exchange for each $1,000 principal amount of outstanding old notes surrendered under the exchange offer. Outstanding old notes may be tendered only in integral multiples of $1,000. We have not conditioned the exchange offer on any minimum aggregate principal amount of outstanding old notes being tendered for exchange.

 

As of the date of this prospectus, there is $85 million aggregate principal amount of the outstanding old notes. We are sending this prospectus and the letter of transmittal included with this prospectus to all registered holders of outstanding old notes. There will be no fixed record date for determining registered holders of outstanding old notes entitled to participate in the exchange offer.

 

We intend to conduct the exchange offer according to the provisions of the registration rights agreement, the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations of the SEC. Outstanding old notes that are not tendered for exchange in the exchange offer will:

 

 

However, these outstanding old notes will not be freely tradeable. See “— Consequences of Failure to Exchange” below.

 

We will be deemed to have accepted for exchange properly tendered outstanding old notes when we have given oral or written notice of the acceptance to the exchange agent and complied with the applicable provisions of the registration rights agreement. The exchange agent will act as agent for the tendering holders for the purpose of receiving the new notes.

If you tender outstanding old notes in the exchange offer, you will not be required to pay brokerage commissions or fees or, subject to the instructions in the letter of transmittal, transfer taxes with respect to the exchange of outstanding old notes. We will pay all charges and expenses, other than certain applicable taxes described below, in connection with the exchange offer. It is important that you read the section labeled “— Fees and Expenses” for more details regarding fees and expenses incurred in the exchange offer.

 

We will return any outstanding old notes that we do not accept for exchange for any reason without expense to the tendering holder as promptly as practicable after the expiration or termination of the exchange offer.

 

Expiration Date

 

The exchange offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on          , 2007 unless, in our sole discretion, we extend it.

 

Extensions, Delay in Acceptance, Termination or Amendment

 

We reserve the right, at any time or at various times, to extend the period of time during which the exchange offer is open. During any extensions, all outstanding old notes previously tendered will remain subject to the exchange offer, and we may accept them for exchange. We do not currently intend to extend the expiration date.

 

To extend the exchange offer, we will notify the exchange agent orally or in writing of any extension. We will also make a public announcement of the extension no later than 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on the next business day after the previously scheduled expiration date.

 

If any of the conditions described below under “— Conditions to the Exchange Offer” has not been satisfied, we reserve the right, in our sole discretion:

 

 

by giving oral or written notice of a delay, extension or termination to the exchange agent. Subject to the terms of the registration rights agreement, we also reserve the right to amend the terms of the exchange offer in any manner.

 

Any delay in acceptance, extension, termination or amendment will be followed as promptly as practicable by oral or written notice to the registered holders of the outstanding old notes. If we amend the exchange offer in a manner we determine to constitute a material change, we will promptly disclose the amendment in a prospectus supplement. We will distribute the supplement to the registered holders of the outstanding old notes. Depending on the significance of the amendment and the manner of disclosure to the registered holders, we will extend the exchange offer if the exchange offer would otherwise expire during that period.

 

Without limiting the manner in which we may choose to make public announcements of any delay in acceptance, extension, termination or amendment of the exchange offer, we will have no obligation to publish, advertise or otherwise communicate any public announcement, other than by making a timely release to an appropriate news agency.

 

Conditions to the Exchange Offer

 

Despite any other term of the exchange offer, if in our reasonable judgment the exchange offer, or the making of any exchange by a holder of outstanding old notes, would violate applicable law or any applicable interpretation of the staff of the SEC:

 

 

In addition, we will not be obligated to accept for exchange the outstanding old notes of any holder that has not made to us:

 

 

We reserve the right to amend or terminate the exchange offer, and to reject for exchange any outstanding old notes not previously accepted for exchange, on the occurrence of any of the conditions to the exchange offer specified above. We will give oral or written notice of any extension, amendment, nonacceptance or termination to the holders of the outstanding old notes as promptly as practicable.

 

These conditions are for our sole benefit, and we may assert them or waive them in whole or in part at any time or at various times in our sole discretion. Our failure at any time to exercise any of these rights will not mean that we have waived our rights. Each right will be deemed an ongoing right that we may assert at any time or at various times.

 

In addition, we will not accept for exchange any outstanding old notes tendered and will not issue new notes in exchange for any outstanding note if at that time any stop order has been threatened or is in effect relating to the registration statement of which this prospectus constitutes a part or the qualification of the indenture relating to the new notes under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.

 

Procedures for Tendering

 

How to Tender Generally

 

Only a registered holder of outstanding old notes may tender its outstanding old notes in the exchange offer. If you are a beneficial owner of outstanding old notes and wish to have the registered owner tender on your behalf, please see “— How to Tender if You Are a Beneficial Owner” below. To tender in the exchange offer, you must either comply with the procedures for manual tender or comply with the automated tender offer program procedures of the DTC described below under “— Tendering Through the DTC’s Automated Tender Offer Program.”

 

To complete a manual tender, you must:

 

 

 

If you wish to tender your outstanding old notes and cannot comply with the requirement to deliver the letter of transmittal and your outstanding old notes or use the automated tender offer program of the DTC before the expiration date, you must tender your outstanding old notes according to the guaranteed delivery procedures described below.

 

For a tender to be effective, the exchange agent must receive any physical delivery of the letter of transmittal and other required documents at its address provided above under “Prospectus Summary — The Exchange Agent” before the expiration date. Any tender by a holder that is not withdrawn before the

expiration date will constitute a legally binding agreement between the holder and us according to the terms and subject to the conditions described in this prospectus and in the letter of transmittal.

 

The method of delivery of outstanding old notes, the letter of transmittal and all other required documents to the exchange agent is at your election and risk. Rather than mail these items, we recommend that you use an overnight or hand-delivery service. In all cases, you should allow sufficient time to ensure delivery to the exchange agent before the expiration date. You should not send the letter of transmittal or outstanding old notes to us. You may request your broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee to effect the above transactions on your behalf.

 

Book-Entry Transfer

 

The exchange agent will make a request to establish an account with respect to the outstanding old notes at the DTC for purposes of the exchange offer promptly after the date of this prospectus. Any financial institution participating in the DTC’s system may make book-entry delivery of outstanding old notes by causing the DTC to transfer the outstanding old notes into the exchange agent’s account at the DTC according to the DTC’s procedures for transfer. If you are unable to deliver confirmation of the book-entry tender of your outstanding old notes into the exchange agent’s account at the DTC or all other documents required by the letter of transmittal to the exchange agent on or before the expiration date, you must tender your outstanding old notes according to the guaranteed delivery procedures described below.

 

Tendering Through the DTC’s Automated Tender Offer Program

 

The exchange agent and the DTC have confirmed that any financial institution that is a participant in the DTC’s system may use the DTC’s automated tender offer program to tender its outstanding old notes. Participants in the program may transmit their acceptance of the exchange offer electronically instead of physically completing and signing the letter of transmittal and delivering it to the exchange agent. Tendering through the automated tender offer program causes the DTC to transfer the outstanding old notes to the exchange agent according to its procedures for transfer. The DTC will then send an agent’s message to the exchange agent.

 

The term “agent’s message” means a message transmitted by the DTC, received by the exchange agent and forming part of the book-entry confirmation, stating that:

 

 

How to Tender if You Are a Beneficial Owner

 

If you beneficially own outstanding old notes that are registered in the name of a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee and you wish to tender those outstanding old notes, you should contact the registered holder promptly and instruct it to tender on your behalf. If you are a beneficial owner and wish to tender on your own behalf, you must, before completing and executing the letter of transmittal and delivering your outstanding old notes, either:

 

 

The transfer of registered ownership may take considerable time and may not be completed before the expiration date.

Signatures and Signature Guarantees

 

You must have signatures on a letter of transmittal or a notice of withdrawal described below under “— Withdrawal of Tenders” guaranteed by an eligible institution unless the outstanding old notes are tendered:

 

 

An “eligible institution” is a member firm of a registered national securities exchange or of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., a commercial bank or trust company having an office or correspondent in the United States, or an eligible guarantor institution within the meaning of Rule 17Ad-15 under the Exchange Act, in each case, that is a member of one of the recognized signature guarantee programs identified in the letter of transmittal.

 

When Endorsements or Bond Powers are Needed

 

If a person other than the registered holder of any outstanding old notes signs the letter of transmittal, the outstanding old notes must be endorsed properly or accompanied by a properly completed bond power. The bond power must be signed by the registered holder as the registered holder’s name appears on the outstanding old notes and an eligible institution must guarantee the signature on the bond power.

 

If the letter of transmittal or any outstanding old notes or bond powers are signed by trustees, executors, administrators, guardians, attorneys-in-fact, officers of corporations or others acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, those persons should so indicate when signing. They must also submit evidence of their authority to deliver the letter of transmittal satisfactory to us unless we waive this requirement.

 

Determinations Under the Exchange Offer

 

We will determine in our sole discretion all questions as to the validity, form, eligibility, time of receipt, acceptance of tendered outstanding old notes and withdrawal of tendered outstanding old notes. Our determinations will be final and binding. We reserve the absolute right to reject any outstanding old notes not properly tendered or any outstanding old notes our acceptance of which would, in the opinion of our counsel, be unlawful. We also reserve the right to waive any defects, irregularities or conditions of tender as to particular outstanding old notes. Our interpretation of the terms and conditions of the exchange offer, including the instructions in the letter of transmittal, will be final and binding on all parties.

 

Unless waived, any defects or irregularities in connection with tenders of outstanding old notes must be cured within the time we shall determine. We will not be under any duty to give notification of defects or irregularities with respect to tenders of outstanding old notes or be liable for failure to give notification, nor will the exchange agent or any other person. Tenders of outstanding old notes will not be deemed made until any defects or irregularities have been cured or waived. Any outstanding old notes received by the exchange agent that are not properly tendered and as to which the defects or irregularities have not been cured or waived will be returned to the tendering holder, unless otherwise provided in the letter of transmittal, as soon as practicable following the expiration date.

 

When We Will Issue New Notes

 

In all cases, we will issue new notes for outstanding old notes that we have accepted for exchange under the exchange offer only after the exchange agent timely receives:

 

 

Return of Outstanding Old Notes Not Accepted or Exchanged

 

If we do not accept any tendered outstanding old notes for exchange for any reason described in the terms and conditions of the exchange offer or if outstanding old notes are submitted for a greater principal amount than the holder desires to exchange, the unaccepted or nonexchanged outstanding old notes will be returned without expense to their tendering holder. In the case of outstanding old notes tendered by book-entry transfer into the exchange agent’s account at the DTC according to the procedures described below, the nonexchanged outstanding old notes will be credited to an account maintained with the DTC. These actions will occur as promptly as practicable after the expiration or termination of the exchange offer.

 

Your Representations to Us

 

By signing or agreeing to be bound by the letter of transmittal, you will represent that, among other things:

 

 

We may, in the future, seek to acquire untendered outstanding old notes in open-market or privately negotiated transactions, through subsequent exchange offers or otherwise. We have no present plans to acquire any outstanding old notes that are not tendered in the exchange offer or to file a registration statement to permit resales of any untendered outstanding old notes.

 

If you tender in the exchange offer for the purpose of participating in a distribution of the new notes:

 

 

Guaranteed Delivery Procedures

 

If you wish to tender your outstanding old notes but your outstanding old notes are not immediately available or you cannot deliver your outstanding old notes, the letter of transmittal or any other required documents to the exchange agent or comply with the applicable procedures under the DTC’s automated tender offer program before the expiration date, you may tender if:

 

 

 

 

 

If you wish to tender outstanding old notes pursuant to the guaranteed delivery procedures described in the letter of transmittal, you must ensure that the exchange agent receives the notice of guaranteed delivery before 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the applicable expiration date. Upon request to the exchange agent, the exchange agent will send you a notice of guaranteed delivery if you wish to tender your outstanding old notes using the guaranteed delivery procedures described above.

 

Withdrawal of Tenders

 

Except as otherwise provided in this prospectus, you may withdraw your tender at any time before 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date unless we have previously accepted your outstanding old notes for exchange. For a withdrawal to be effective:

 

 

Any notice of withdrawal must:

 

 

If outstanding old notes have been tendered under the procedure for book-entry transfer described above, any notice of withdrawal must specify the name and number of the account at the DTC to be credited with the withdrawn outstanding old notes and otherwise comply with the procedures of the DTC.

 

We will determine, in our sole discretion, all questions as to the validity, form, eligibility and time of receipt of notice of withdrawal. Our determination shall be final and binding on all parties. We will deem any outstanding old notes so withdrawn not to have been validly tendered for exchange for purposes of the exchange offer.

Any outstanding old notes that have been tendered for exchange but that are not exchanged for any reason will be returned to their holder without cost to the holder or, in the case of outstanding old notes tendered by book-entry transfer into the exchange agent’s account at the DTC according to the procedures described above, the outstanding old notes will be credited to an account maintained with the DTC for the outstanding old notes. This return or crediting will take place as soon as practicable after withdrawal, rejection of tender or termination of the exchange offer. At any time on or before 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date, you may re-tender properly withdrawn outstanding old notes by following one of the procedures described under “— Procedures for Tendering” above.

 

Fees and Expenses

 

We will bear the expenses of soliciting tenders. The principal solicitation is being made by mail, but we may make additional solicitation by telephone, electronically or in person by our officers and regular employees and those of our affiliates.

 

We have not retained any dealer-manager in connection with the exchange offer and will not make any payments to broker-dealers or others soliciting acceptances of the exchange offer. We will, however, pay the exchange agent reasonable and customary fees for its services and reimburse it for its related reasonable out-of-pocket expenses. We may also pay brokerage houses and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries the reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in forwarding copies of this prospectus, letters of transmittal and related documents to the beneficial owners of the outstanding old notes and in handling or forwarding tenders for exchange.

 

We will pay the cash expenses to be incurred in connection with the exchange offer, including:

 

 

Transfer Taxes

 

Except as provided in the immediately following sentence, we will pay all transfer taxes, if any, applicable to the exchange of outstanding old notes under the exchange offer. A tendering holder will be required to pay any transfer taxes, whether imposed on the registered holder or any other person, if:

 

 

If satisfactory evidence of payment of any transfer taxes payable by a holder is not submitted with the letter of transmittal, the amount of the transfer taxes will be billed directly to that tendering holder. The exchange agent will retain possession of new notes with a face amount equal to the amount of transfer taxes due until it receives payment of the taxes.

 

Consequences of Failure to Exchange

 

If you do not exchange your outstanding old notes for new notes in the exchange offer, your outstanding old notes will remain subject to the existing restrictions on transfer. In general, you may not offer or sell the outstanding old notes unless they are registered under the Securities Act or the offer or sale is exempt from

registration under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws. Except as required by the registration rights agreement, we do not intend to register resales of the outstanding old notes under the Securities Act. Completion of the exchange offer will fulfill substantially all our registration obligations with respect to the outstanding old notes under the registration rights agreement. Based on interpretations of the SEC staff, you may offer for resale, resell or otherwise transfer new notes issued in the exchange offer without compliance with the registration and prospectus delivery provisions of the Securities Act if:

 

 

Accounting Treatment

 

We will not recognize a gain or loss for accounting purposes as a result of the completion of the exchange offer. We will amortize expenses of the exchange offer over the term of the new notes under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Other

 

Participation in the exchange offer is voluntary, and you should carefully consider whether to accept. You are urged to consult your financial and tax advisors in making your decision on what action to take. In the future, we may seek to acquire untendered outstanding old notes in open market or privately negotiated transactions, through subsequent exchange offers or otherwise. We have no present plan to acquire any outstanding old notes that are not tendered in the exchange offer or to file a registration statement to permit resales of any untendered outstanding old notes, except as required by the registration rights agreement.

 

You can find the definitions of certain terms used in this description under the subheading “— Certain Definitions.” In this description, (i) the words “U.S. Concrete,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer only to U.S. Concrete, Inc. and not to any of its subsidiaries and (ii) except as otherwise specified, the term “notes” means the new notes offered by this prospectus together with any outstanding old notes that are not validly tendered and exchanged in the exchange offer and all notes issued in 2004. All such notes will vote together as a single class for all purposes under the indenture.

 

General

 

The form and the term of the new notes are the same as the form and term of the outstanding old notes they will replace, except that:

 

 

The new notes will be issued under the same indenture as the outstanding old notes and the existing senior secured registered notes. The indenture was entered into on March 31, 2004 among U.S. Concrete, the Subsidiary Guarantors and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (the Trustee). The indenture is subject to and governed by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and the terms of the new notes include those stated in the indenture and those made part of the indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act.

 

We urge you to read the indenture because it, and not this description, defines your rights as a holder of the notes. Because this description is a summary, it may not contain all the information that is important to you. A copy of the indenture is available through the SEC’s EDGAR filing system or upon request to us at the address indicated under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

 

Principal, Maturity and Interest

 

The new notes will be issued solely in exchange for an equal principal amount of outstanding old notes. As of the date of this prospectus, $85.0 million aggregate amount of old notes are outstanding. Subject to compliance with the limitations described under “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Debt,” we can issue an unlimited principal amount of additional notes at later dates under the same indenture (the “Additional Notes”). We can issue the Additional Notes as part of the same series or as an additional series. Any Additional Notes that we issue in the future will be identical in all respects to the new notes and the other notes that are outstanding, except that notes issued in the future will have different issuance dates and may have different issuance prices. We will issue notes only in fully registered form without coupons, in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000.

 

The notes will mature on April 1, 2014.

 

Interest on the new notes will accrue at a rate of 83/8% per annum and will be payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1, commencing on April 1, 2007. We will pay interest to those persons who were holders of record on the March 15 or September 15 immediately preceding each interest payment date.

 

Interest on the new notes will accrue from the date of original issuance or, if interest has already been paid, from the date it was most recently paid. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months.

Ranking and Subordination

 

The new notes will be:

 

 

The payment of principal of, premium, if any, interest on, and all other amounts payable in respect of, the new notes, and payment under any Subsidiary Guarantee, will be subordinated in right of payment to the payment when due in cash of all Senior Debt of U.S. Concrete or the relevant Subsidiary Guarantor, as the case may be. As a result of this subordination, holders of Senior Debt will be entitled, in any of the following situations, to receive full payment in cash on all obligations owed to them before any kind of payment (other than in certain events, payment on Permitted Junior Securities) can be made to holders of the new notes:

 

 

As of September 30, 2006, we and the Subsidiary Guarantors had $9.3 million Senior Debt outstanding (excluding unused commitments made by lenders, intercompany debt and outstanding letters of credit) and $283.6 million of Senior Subordinated Debt outstanding represented by the notes.

 

We conduct our operations through our subsidiaries. Therefore, our ability to service our debt, including the notes, will depend on the cash flows of our subsidiaries and, to the extent they are not Subsidiary Guarantors, their ability to distribute those cash flows as dividends, loans or other payments to us. Certain laws restrict the ability of our subsidiaries to pay us dividends or make loans and advances to us. If these restrictions are applied to subsidiaries that are not Subsidiary Guarantors, then we would not be able to use the cash flows of those subsidiaries to make payments on the notes. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, bankruptcy “fraudulent conveyance” laws or other similar laws could cause the obligations under the Subsidiary Guarantees to be subordinated to claims to which they are not otherwise contractually subordinated. If this were to occur, we would also be unable to use the cash flows of these Subsidiary Guarantors to the extent they face restrictions on distributing funds to us. Any of the situations described above could make it impossible or more difficult for us to service our debt.

 

In addition, we only have a stockholder’s claim in the assets of our subsidiaries. This stockholder’s claim is junior to the claims that creditors of our subsidiaries have against those subsidiaries. Holders of the notes will only be creditors of U.S. Concrete and those subsidiaries of ours that are Subsidiary Guarantors. In the case of subsidiaries of ours that are not Subsidiary Guarantors, all the existing and future liabilities of those subsidiaries, including any claims of trade creditors and preferred stockholders, will be effectively senior to the new notes.

 

As of September 30, 2006, the approximate total balance sheet liabilities of U.S. Concrete and the Subsidiary Guarantors was $477 million, and all other subsidiaries (excluding the liabilities of their respective subsidiaries that are Subsidiary Guarantors) would have had no balance sheet liabilities.

The Subsidiary Guarantors and our other subsidiaries have other liabilities, including contingent liabilities, that may be significant. The indenture contains limitations on the amount of additional Debt that we and the Restricted Subsidiaries may Incur. However, the amounts of such Debt could nevertheless be substantial and may be Incurred either by Subsidiary Guarantors or by our other subsidiaries.

 

The new notes and the Subsidiary Guarantees are unsecured obligations of U.S. Concrete and the Subsidiary Guarantors, respectively. Secured Debt of U.S. Concrete and the Subsidiary Guarantors, including their respective obligations under the New Credit Facility, will be effectively senior to the notes and the Subsidiary Guarantees to the extent of the value of the assets securing such Debt, as well as by virtue of its ranking in the case of Debt that constitutes Senior Debt.

 

We may not pay principal of, or premium, if any, interest on, or any other amounts payable in respect of, the notes, or make any deposit in respect of the notes pursuant to the provisions described under “Defeasance,” and may not repurchase, redeem or otherwise retire any notes (collectively, “pay the notes”), if:

 

(a) any principal, premium, interest or any other amount payable in respect of any Senior Debt is not paid within any applicable grace period (including at maturity); or

 

(b) any other default on Senior Debt occurs and the maturity of such Senior Debt is accelerated in accordance with its terms, unless, in either case,

 

(1) the default has been cured or waived and any such acceleration has been rescinded; or

 

(2) such Senior Debt has been paid in full in cash;

 

provided, however, that we may pay the notes without regard to the foregoing if we and the trustee receive written notice approving such payment from the Representative of such issue of Senior Debt.

 

During the continuance of any default (other than a default described in clause (a) or (b) above) with respect to any Designated Senior Debt pursuant to which the maturity thereof may be accelerated immediately without further notice (except any notice required to effect the acceleration) or the expiration of any applicable grace period, we may not pay the notes for a period (a “Payment Blockage Period”) commencing upon the receipt by us and the trustee of written notice of such default from the Representative of the holders of such Designated Senior Debt specifying an election to effect a Payment Blockage Period (a “Payment Blockage Notice”) and ending 179 days thereafter, unless such Payment Blockage Period is earlier terminated by written notice to the trustee and us from the Representative that gave such Payment Blockage Notice:

 

(a) because such default is no longer continuing; or

 

(b) because such Designated Senior Debt has been repaid in full in cash.

 

Unless the holders of such Designated Senior Debt or the Representative of such holders have accelerated the maturity of such Designated Senior Debt and not rescinded such acceleration, we may (unless otherwise prohibited as described in the first sentence of this paragraph) resume payments on the notes after the end of such Payment Blockage Period; provided that if any Payment Blockage Notice is delivered to the trustee by or on behalf of the holders of Designated Senior Debt (other than the holders of indebtedness under the New Credit Facility), a Representative of holders of Indebtedness under the New Credit Facility may give another Payment Blockage Notice within such period.

 

Not more than one Payment Blockage Notice with respect to all issues of Designated Senior Debt may be given in any consecutive 360-day period, irrespective of the number of defaults with respect to one or more issues of Designated Senior Debt during such period.

 

If we make any payment or distribution of our assets upon a total or partial liquidation, dissolution or winding up of U.S. Concrete or in a bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, receivership or similar proceeding relating to us or our Property or upon an assignment for the benefit of creditors or marshalling of assets and liabilities:

 

(a) the holders of Senior Debt will be entitled to receive payment in full in cash before the holders of the notes are entitled to receive any payment of principal of, or interest on, or any other amount

payable to Holders in respect of the notes, except that holders of notes may receive and retain Permitted Junior Securities; and

 

(b) until the Senior Debt is paid in full in cash, any distribution to which holders of the notes would be entitled but for the subordination provisions of the indenture will be made to holders of the Senior Debt.

 

If a payment or distribution is made to holders of notes or the trustee for the benefit of the holders of notes that, due to the subordination provisions, should not have been made to them, such holders or the trustee will be required to hold it in trust for the holders of Senior Debt and pay it over to them as their interests may appear.

 

If payment of the notes is accelerated when any Designated Senior Debt is outstanding, we may not pay the notes until three business days after the Representatives of all issues of Designated Senior Debt receive notice of such acceleration and, thereafter, may pay the notes only if the indenture otherwise permits payment at that time.

 

The Subsidiary Guarantee of each Subsidiary Guarantor will be subordinated to Senior Debt of such Subsidiary Guarantor to the same extent and in the same manner as the notes are subordinated to Senior Debt of U.S. Concrete.

 

Because of the indenture’s subordination provisions, holders of Senior Debt of U.S. Concrete or the Subsidiary Guarantors may recover disproportionately more than the holders of the notes recover in a bankruptcy or similar proceeding relating to U.S. Concrete or a Subsidiary Guarantor. In such a case, there may be insufficient assets, or no assets, remaining to pay the principal of or interest on the notes.

 

Payment from the money or the proceeds of U.S. Government Obligations held in any defeasance trust pursuant to the provisions described under “Defeasance” will not be subject to the subordination provisions described above.

 

For a discussion of some of the risks relating to the ranking and subordination of the notes, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Notes.”

 

Subsidiary Guarantees

 

Our obligations under the indenture, including the repurchase obligation resulting from a Change of Control, are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior subordinated, unsecured basis, by all of the existing Domestic Restricted Subsidiaries of U.S. Concrete other than USC LP, Inc., Beall Investment Corporation, Inc. and Atlas Investments Inc. We will cause any non-guarantor Domestic Restricted Subsidiary of U.S. Concrete created or acquired after the Issue Date that Guarantees other Debt of U.S. Concrete to Guarantee the notes. We also will cause any non-Guarantor Foreign Restricted Subsidiary of U.S. Concrete (whether existing on the Issue Date or created or acquired thereafter), which has Guaranteed or which Guarantees any other Debt of U.S. Concrete or any Domestic Restricted Subsidiary, to guarantee the notes. See “Certain Covenants — Future Subsidiary Guarantors.”

 

The Subsidiary Guarantors currently generate substantially all our revenue. As of September 30, 2006, our subsidiaries that are not Subsidiary Guarantors (excluding the assets and revenues of their respective subsidiaries that are Subsidiary Guarantors) represented none of our assets and revenues, on a consolidated basis.

 

If U.S. Concrete or a Subsidiary Guarantor, sells or otherwise disposes of either:

 

(1) its ownership interest in a Subsidiary Guarantor, or

 

(2) all or substantially all the assets of a Subsidiary Guarantor,

 

or, if we dissolve a Subsidiary Guarantor, in any case as permitted by the indenture, then such Subsidiary Guarantor will be released from all its obligations under its Subsidiary Guarantee. Also, if we defease or discharge the notes, as provided in the provisions described under the captions “— Defeasance” and

“— Satisfaction and Discharge,” all Subsidiary Guarantors will be released from their obligations under the Subsidiary Guarantees. In addition, if we redesignate a Subsidiary Guarantor as an Unrestricted Subsidiary, which we can do under certain circumstances, the redesignated Subsidiary Guarantor will be released from all its obligations under its Subsidiary Guarantee. See “Certain Covenants — Designation of Restricted and Unrestricted Subsidiaries,” “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Issuance or Sale of Capital Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries” and “Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Property.”

 

If any Subsidiary Guarantor makes payments under its Subsidiary Guarantee, each of the other Subsidiary Guarantors must contribute their share of such payments. The other Subsidiary Guarantors’ shares of such payment will be computed based on the proportion that the net worth of the relevant Subsidiary Guarantor represents relative to the aggregate net worth of all the Subsidiary Guarantors combined.

 

Optional Redemption

 

Except as set forth below, the notes will not be redeemable at our option prior to April 1, 2009. Starting on that date, we may redeem all or any portion of the notes, at once or over time, after giving the required notice under the indenture, at the redemption prices set forth below, plus accrued and unpaid interest to but excluding the redemption date (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date). The following prices are for notes redeemed during the 12-month period commencing on April 1 of the years set forth below, and are expressed as percentages of principal amount:

 

 

In addition, at any time and from time to time, prior to April 1, 2007, we may redeem up to a maximum of 35% of the original aggregate principal amount of the notes (including any Additional Notes) with the proceeds of one or more Equity Offerings, at a redemption price equal to 108.375% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to but excluding the redemption date (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date); provided, however, that after giving effect to any such redemption, notes in an aggregate amount equal to at least 65% of the original aggregate principal amount of the notes (including any Additional Notes) remain outstanding. Any such redemption shall be made within 90 days of such Equity Offering upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ prior notice.

 

Sinking Fund

 

There will be no mandatory sinking fund payments for the notes.

 

Repurchase at the Option of Holders Upon a Change of Control

 

Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, each holder of notes will have the right to require us to repurchase all or any part of such holder’s notes pursuant to the offer described below (the “Change of Control Offer”) at a purchase price (the “Change of Control Purchase Price”) equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the repurchase date (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date).

 

Within 30 days following any Change of Control, we will:

 

(a) cause a notice of the Change of Control Offer to be sent at least once to the Dow Jones News Service or similar business news service in the United States; and

(b) send, by first-class mail, with a copy to the trustee, to each holder of notes, at such holder’s address appearing in the Security Register, a notice stating:

 

(1) that a Change of Control has occurred and a Change of Control Offer is being made pursuant to provisions of the indenture and that all notes timely tendered will be accepted for payment;

 

(2) the Change of Control Purchase Price and the repurchase date, which shall be, subject to any contrary requirements of applicable law, a business day no earlier than 20 business days nor later than 60 days from the date such notice is mailed;

 

(3) the circumstances and relevant facts regarding the Change of Control; and

 

(4) the procedures that holders of notes must follow in order to tender their notes (or portions thereof) for payment, and the procedures that holders of notes must follow in order to withdraw an election to tender notes (or portions thereof) for payment.

 

We will not be required to make a Change of Control Offer following a Change of Control if a third party makes the Change of Control Offer in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements set forth in the indenture applicable to a Change of Control Offer made by us and purchases all new notes validly tendered and not withdrawn under such Change of Control Offer.

 

We will comply, to the extent applicable, with the requirements of Section 14(e) of the Exchange Act and any other securities laws or regulations in connection with the repurchase of notes pursuant to a Change of Control Offer. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with the provisions of this covenant, we will comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and will not be deemed to have breached our obligations under this covenant by virtue of such compliance.

 

We have no present intention to engage in a transaction involving a Change of Control, although it is possible that we would decide to do so in the future. Subject to certain covenants described below, we could, in the future, enter into certain transactions, including acquisitions, refinancings or other recapitalizations, that would not constitute a Change of Control under the indenture, but that could increase the amount of debt outstanding at such time or otherwise affect our capital structure or credit ratings.

 

The definition of Change of Control includes a phrase relating to the sale, transfer, assignment, lease, conveyance or other disposition of “all or substantially all” the Property of U.S. Concrete and the Restricted Subsidiaries, considered as a whole. Although there is a developing body of case law interpreting the phrase “substantially all,” there is no precise established definition of the phrase under applicable law. Accordingly, if we dispose of less than all of our Property by any of the means described above, the ability of a holder of notes to require us to repurchase its notes may be uncertain. In such a case, holders of the notes may not be able to resolve this uncertainty without resorting to legal action.

 

The New Credit Facility includes provisions prohibiting us from purchasing any notes at any time before the notes become due and payable or are otherwise required to be repaid or repurchased under terms of the indenture. The New Credit Facility also provides that the occurrence of certain of the events that would constitute a Change of Control would constitute a default under the New Credit Facility and requires that outstanding debt under that facility be repaid upon the occurrence of certain of the events that would constitute a Change of Control. Other future debt of U.S. Concrete may contain prohibitions of certain events which would constitute a Change of Control or require such debt to be repurchased upon a Change of Control. To the extent other debt of U.S. Concrete is both subject to similar repurchase obligations in the event of a Change of Control and ranks senior in right of payment to the notes, all available funds will first be expended for the repurchase of such debt. Moreover, the exercise by holders of notes of their right to require us to repurchase such notes could cause a default under existing or future debt of U.S. Concrete, even if the Change of Control itself does not, due to the financial effect of such repurchase on U.S. Concrete. Finally, our ability to pay cash to holders of notes upon a repurchase may be limited by our then existing financial resources. We cannot assure you that sufficient funds will be available when necessary to make any required repurchases. Our failure to repurchase notes in connection with a Change of Control would result in a default under the

indenture. Such a default could, in turn, constitute a default under agreements governing other debt of U.S. Concrete, including the New Credit Facility, and may constitute a default under future debt as well. If such debt constitutes Designated Senior Debt, the subordination provisions in the indenture would likely restrict payment to holders of notes. Our obligation to make an offer to repurchase the notes as a result of a Change of Control may be waived or modified at any time prior to the occurrence of such Change of Control with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the notes. See “Amendments and Waivers.”

 

Certain Covenants

 

Limitation on Debt.  The indenture provides that U.S. Concrete shall not, and shall not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, Incur, directly or indirectly, any Debt unless, after giving effect to the application of the proceeds thereof, no Default or Event of Default would occur as a consequence of such Incurrence or be continuing following such Incurrence and either:

 

(1) such Debt is Debt of U.S. Concrete or a Subsidiary Guarantor and after giving effect to the Incurrence of such Debt and the application of the proceeds thereof, the Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio would be greater than 2.00 to 1.00; or

 

(2) such Debt is Permitted Debt.

 

The term “Permitted Debt” is defined to include the following:

 

(a) (i) Debt of U.S. Concrete evidenced by the outstanding old notes and the Notes issued in exchange for the outstanding old notes and in exchange for any Additional Notes and (ii) Debt of the Subsidiary Guarantors evidenced by Subsidiary Guarantees relating to the outstanding old notes and the new notes issued in exchange for the outstanding old notes and in exchange for any Additional Notes;

 

(b) Debt of U.S. Concrete or a Subsidiary Guarantor under Credit Facilities; provided that the aggregate principal amount of all such Debt under Credit Facilities at any one time outstanding shall not exceed the greater of (i) $125.0 million, which amount shall be permanently reduced by the amount of Net Available Cash used to permanently Repay Debt under Credit Facilities and not subsequently reinvested in Additional Assets or used to purchase new notes or Repay other Debt, pursuant to the covenant described under “— Limitation on Asset Sales,” and (ii) the sum of (A) 70% of the book value of the inventory of U.S. Concrete and its Restricted Subsidiaries and (B) 70% of the book value of U.S. Concrete’s fleet of concrete mixer trucks and the accounts receivable of U.S. Concrete and its Restricted Subsidiaries, in each case determined on a consolidated basis as of the most recently ended quarter of U.S. Concrete for which financial statements of U.S. Concrete are available;

 

(c) Debt of U.S. Concrete or a Subsidiary Guarantor in respect of Capital Lease Obligations and Purchase Money Debt; provided that:

 

(1) the aggregate principal amount of such Debt does not exceed the Fair Market Value (on the date of the Incurrence thereof) of the Property acquired, constructed or leased; and

 

(2) the aggregate principal amount of all Debt Incurred and then outstanding pursuant to this clause (c) (together with all Permitted Refinancing Debt Incurred and then outstanding in respect of Debt previously Incurred pursuant to this clause (c)) does not exceed 10% of U.S. Concrete’s Consolidated Tangible Assets;

 

(d) Debt of U.S. Concrete owing to and held by any Restricted Subsidiary and Debt of a Restricted Subsidiary owing to and held by U.S. Concrete or any other Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that any subsequent issue or transfer of Capital Stock or other event that results in any such Restricted Subsidiary ceasing to be a Restricted Subsidiary or any subsequent transfer of any such Debt (except to U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary) shall be deemed, in each case, to constitute the Incurrence of such Debt by the issuer thereof; provided further, however, that such Debt must be expressly subordinated in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all obligations with respect to the new notes and the Guarantees, as the case may be;

(e) Debt of a Restricted Subsidiary outstanding on the date on which such Restricted Subsidiary is acquired by U.S. Concrete or otherwise becomes a Restricted Subsidiary (other than Debt Incurred as consideration in, or to provide all or any portion of the funds or credit support utilized to consummate, the transaction or series of transactions pursuant to which such Restricted Subsidiary became a Subsidiary of U.S. Concrete or was otherwise acquired by U.S. Concrete); provided that at the time such Restricted Subsidiary is acquired by U.S. Concrete or otherwise becomes a Restricted Subsidiary and after giving effect to the Incurrence of such Debt, U.S. Concrete would have been able to Incur $1.00 of additional Debt pursuant to clause (1) of the first paragraph of this covenant;

 

(f) Debt under Interest Rate Agreements entered into by U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary for the purpose of limiting interest rate risk in the ordinary course of the financial management of U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary and not for speculative purposes; provided that the obligations under such agreements are directly related to payment obligations on Debt otherwise permitted by the terms of this covenant;

 

(g) Debt under Currency Exchange Protection Agreements entered into by U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary for the purpose of limiting currency exchange rate risks directly related to transactions entered into by U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business and not for speculative purposes;

 

(h) Debt under Commodity Price Protection Agreements entered into by U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary in the ordinary course of the financial management of U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary and not for speculative purposes;

 

(i) Debt in connection with one or more standby letters of credit, bankers’ acceptances, performance, appeal, completion, guarantee, tender, bid and surety bonds and other similar instruments issued by or on behalf of or for the benefit of U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business or pursuant to workers’ compensation or self-insurance obligations and not in connection with the borrowing of money or the obtaining of advances or credit;

 

(j) Debt of U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary outstanding on the Issue Date not otherwise described in clauses (a) through (i) above;

 

(k) Debt of U.S. Concrete or a Subsidiary Guarantor in an aggregate principal amount outstanding at any one time not to exceed the greater of $15.0 million and 7.5% of Consolidated Tangible Assets;

 

(l) Debt of U.S. Concrete or any Subsidiary Guarantor consisting of Guarantees of Debt of U.S. Concrete or any Subsidiary Guarantor Incurred under any other clause of this covenant;

 

(m) Debt of U.S. Concrete or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries arising from the honoring by a bank or other financial institution of a check, draft or similar instrument inadvertently drawn against insufficient funds in the ordinary course of business or in respect of netting services, overdraft protection and otherwise in connection with deposit accounts; provided, however, that such Debt is extinguished within five business days; and

 

(n) Permitted Refinancing Debt Incurred in respect of Debt Incurred pursuant to clause (1) of the first paragraph of this covenant and clauses (a), (c), (e) and (j) above.

 

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this covenant, accrual of interest, accretion or amortization of original issue discount and the payment of interest or dividends in the form of additional Debt, will be deemed not to be an Incurrence of Debt for purposes of this covenant.

 

For purposes of determining compliance with this covenant, in the event that an item of Debt meets the criteria of more than one of the categories of Permitted Debt described in clauses (a) through (m) above or is entitled to be incurred pursuant to clause (1) of the first paragraph of this covenant, U.S. Concrete may, in its sole discretion, classify (or later reclassify in whole or in part, in its sole discretion) such item of Debt in any manner that complies with this covenant.

For the purposes of determining compliance with any dollar-denominated restriction on the Incurrence of Debt denominated in a foreign currency, the dollar-equivalent principal amount of such Debt Incurred pursuant thereto shall be calculated based on the relevant currency exchange rate in effect on the date that such Debt was Incurred. Notwithstanding any other provision of this covenant, the maximum amount of Debt that U.S. Concrete and its Restricted Subsidiaries may Incur pursuant to this covenant shall not be deemed to be exceeded solely as a result of fluctuations in the exchange rate of currencies.

 

Limitation on Restricted Payments.  The indenture provides that U.S. Concrete shall not make, and shall not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to make, directly or indirectly, any Restricted Payment if at the time of, and after giving effect to, such proposed Restricted Payment,

 

(a) a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing;

 

(b) U.S. Concrete could not Incur at least $1.00 of additional Debt pursuant to clause (1) of the first paragraph of the covenant described under “Limitation on Debt”; or

 

(c) the aggregate amount of such Restricted Payment and all other Restricted Payments declared or made since the Issue Date (the amount of any Restricted Payment, if made other than in cash, to be based upon Fair Market Value at the time of such Restricted Payment) would exceed an amount equal to the sum of:

 

(1) 50% of the aggregate amount of Consolidated Net Income accrued during the period (treated as one accounting period) from April 1, 2004 to the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter for which financial statements are available (or if the aggregate amount of Consolidated Net Income for such period shall be a deficit, minus 100% of such deficit); plus

 

(2) 100% of the Capital Stock Sale Proceeds at that time; plus

 

(3) the sum at that time of:

 

(A) the aggregate net cash proceeds received by U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary from the issuance or sale after the Issue Date of convertible or exchangeable Debt that has been converted into or exchanged for Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of U.S. Concrete; and

 

(B) the aggregate amount by which Debt (other than Subordinated Obligations) of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary is reduced on U.S. Concrete’s consolidated balance sheet on or after the Issue Date upon the conversion or exchange of any Debt issued or sold on or prior to the Issue Date that is convertible or exchangeable for Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of U.S. Concrete, excluding,

 

in the case of clause (A) or (B):

 

(x) any such Debt issued or sold to U.S. Concrete or a Subsidiary of U.S. Concrete or an employee stock ownership plan or trust established by U.S. Concrete or any such Subsidiary for the benefit of their employees; and

 

(y) the aggregate amount of any cash or other Property distributed by U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary upon any such conversion or exchange; plus

 

(4) an amount equal to the sum of:

 

(A) the net reduction, after the Issue Date, in Investments in any Persons other than U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary resulting from dividends, repayments of loans or advances or other transfers of Property, in each case to U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary from such Person; and

 

(B) the portion (proportionate to U.S. Concrete’s direct or indirect equity interest in such Unrestricted Subsidiary) of the Fair Market Value of the net assets of an Unrestricted Subsidiary at the time such Unrestricted Subsidiary is designated a Restricted Subsidiary;

provided, however, that the foregoing sum shall not exceed, in the case of any Person, the amount of Investments previously made (and treated as a Restricted Payment) by U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary in such Person.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing limitation, U.S. Concrete and its Restricted Subsidiaries, as applicable may:

 

(a) pay dividends on its Capital Stock within 60 days of the declaration thereof if, on the declaration date, such dividends could have been paid in compliance with the indenture; provided, however, that such dividend shall be included in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

 

(b) purchase, repurchase, redeem, defease, acquire or retire for value its Capital Stock or Subordinated Obligations in exchange for, or out of the proceeds of the substantially concurrent sale of, Capital Stock of U.S. Concrete (other than Disqualified Stock and other than Capital Stock issued or sold to a Subsidiary of U.S. Concrete or an employee stock ownership plan or trust established by U.S. Concrete or any such Subsidiary for the benefit of their employees); provided, however, that

 

(1) such purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance, acquisition or retirement shall be excluded from the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments; and

 

(2) the Capital Stock Sale Proceeds from such exchange or sale shall be excluded from the calculation pursuant to clause (c)(2) above;

 

(c) purchase, repurchase, redeem, legally defease, acquire or retire for value any Subordinated Obligations in exchange for, or out of the proceeds of the substantially concurrent sale of, Permitted Refinancing Debt; provided, however, that such purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance, acquisition or retirement shall be excluded from the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

 

(d) purchase, repurchase, redeem, acquire or retire for value shares of, or options to purchase shares of, Capital Stock of U.S. Concrete or any of its Subsidiaries from current or former officers, directors or employees of U.S. Concrete or any of its Subsidiaries (or permitted transferees or beneficiaries of such current or former officers, directors or employees), pursuant to the terms of agreements (including employment agreements) or plans (or amendments thereto) approved by the Board of Directors under which such individuals purchase or sell, or are granted the option to purchase or sell, shares of such Capital Stock; provided, however, that:

 

(1) the aggregate amount of such repurchases shall not exceed $1.0 million in any calendar year; and

 

(2) at the time of such repurchase, no other Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing (or result therefrom); provided further, however, that such repurchases shall be included in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments; and

 

(e) other Restricted Payments in an aggregate amount not to exceed $10.0 million.

 

Limitation on Liens.  The indenture provides that U.S. Concrete shall not, and shall not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, Incur or suffer to exist, any Lien (other than Permitted Liens or Liens securing Senior Debt or other obligations that are contractually senior in right of payment to the notes or the Guarantees) upon any of its Property (including Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary), whether owned at the Issue Date or thereafter acquired, or any interest therein or any income or profits therefrom, unless:

 

(a) if such Lien secures Senior Subordinated Debt, the notes or the applicable Subsidiary Guarantee are secured on an equal and ratable basis with such Debt; and

 

(b) if such Lien secures Subordinated Obligations, such Lien shall be subordinated to a Lien securing the new notes or the applicable Subsidiary Guarantee, as the case may be, in the same Property as that securing such Lien to the same extent as such Subordinated Obligations are subordinated to the notes and the Subsidiary Guarantees.

Limitation on Issuance or Sale of Capital Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries.  The indenture provides that U.S. Concrete shall not:

 

(a) sell, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of any shares of Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary (other than to secure Senior Debt permitted to be incurred under the indenture); or

 

(b) permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, issue or sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of its Capital Stock;

 

other than, in the case of either (a) or (b):

 

(1) directors’ qualifying shares or Capital Stock required by applicable law to be held by a Person other than U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary;

 

(2) to U.S. Concrete or a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary; or

 

(3) a disposition of outstanding shares of Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary by U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary to another Person; provided, however, that, in the case of this clause (3), such disposition is effected in compliance with the covenant described under “Limitation on Asset Sales” and, to the extent applicable, “Limitation on Restricted Payments.”

 

Limitation on Asset Sales.  The indenture provides that U.S. Concrete shall not, and shall not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, consummate any Asset Sale unless:

 

(a) U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary receives consideration at the time of such Asset Sale at least equal to the Fair Market Value of the Property subject to such Asset Sale;

 

(b) at least 75% of the consideration paid to U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary in connection with such Asset Sale is in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents; and

 

(c) U.S. Concrete delivers an Officers’ Certificate to the Trustee certifying that such Asset Sale complies with the foregoing clauses (a) and (b).

 

Solely for the purposes of clause (b) above of this “Asset Sales” provision, the following will be deemed to be cash:

 

(x) the assumption by the purchaser of liabilities of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary (other than contingent liabilities or liabilities that are by their terms subordinated to the notes or to the applicable Subsidiary Guarantee) as a result of which U.S. Concrete and the Restricted Subsidiaries are no longer obligated with respect to such liabilities; and

 

(y) any securities, notes or other obligations received by U.S. Concrete or any such Restricted Subsidiary from such purchaser to the extent they are promptly converted or monetized by U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary into cash (to the extent of the cash received).

 

The Net Available Cash (or any portion thereof) from Asset Sales may be applied by U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary, to the extent U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary elects (or is required by the terms of any Debt):

 

(a) (i) to repay outstanding borrowings (but not permanently reduce the commitments) under the revolving credit facility portion of the New Credit Facility as required by the terms of the New Credit Facility or (ii) to Repay Senior Debt of U.S. Concrete or any Subsidiary Guarantor or Debt of any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Subsidiary Guarantor (excluding, in any such case, any Debt owed to U.S. Concrete or an Affiliate of U.S. Concrete);

 

(b) to reinvest in Additional Assets (including by means of an Investment in Additional Assets by a Restricted Subsidiary with Net Available Cash received by U.S. Concrete or another Restricted Subsidiary); or

 

(c) to make any capital expenditure.

Pending the final application of any such Net Available Cash, U.S. Concrete may temporarily reduce revolving credit borrowings or otherwise invest such Net Available Cash in any manner that is not prohibited by the indenture.

 

Any Net Available Cash from an Asset Sale not applied in accordance with the preceding paragraph within 360 days from the date of the receipt of such Net Available Cash or that is not segregated from the general funds of U.S. Concrete for investment in identified Additional Assets in respect of a project that shall have been commenced, and for which binding contractual commitments have been entered into, prior to the end of such 360-day period and that shall not have been completed or abandoned will constitute “Excess Proceeds;” provided, however, that the amount of any Net Available Cash that ceases to be so segregated as contemplated above and any Net Available Cash that is segregated in respect of a project that is abandoned or completed will also constitute “Excess Proceeds” at the time any such Net Available Cash ceases to be so segregated or at the time the relevant project is so abandoned or completed, as applicable; provided further, however, that the amount of any Net Available Cash that continues to be segregated for investment in identified Additional Assets and that is not actually so invested within 24 months from the end of such 360-day period will also constitute “Excess Proceeds.”

 

When the aggregate amount of Excess Proceeds exceeds $10.0 million (taking into account income earned on such Excess Proceeds, if any), U.S. Concrete will be required to make an offer to repurchase (the “Prepayment Offer”) the notes, which offer must be in the amount of the Allocable Excess Proceeds (rounded to the nearest $1,000), on a pro rata basis according to principal amount, at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the repurchase date (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date), in accordance with the procedures (including prorating in the event of oversubscription) set forth in the indenture. To the extent that any portion of the amount of Net Available Cash remains after compliance with the preceding sentence and provided that all holders of notes have been given the opportunity to tender their notes for repurchase in accordance with the indenture, U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary may use such remaining amount for any purpose permitted by the indenture, and the amount of Excess Proceeds will be reset to zero.

 

The term “Allocable Excess Proceeds” means the product of:

 

(a) the Excess Proceeds; and

 

(b) a fraction,

 

(1) the numerator of which is the aggregate principal amount of the notes outstanding on the date of the Prepayment Offer; and

 

(2) the denominator of which is the sum of the aggregate principal amount of the notes outstanding on the date of the Prepayment Offer and the aggregate principal amount of other Debt of U.S. Concrete outstanding on the date of the Prepayment Offer that is equal in right of payment with the new notes and subject to terms and conditions in respect of Asset Sales similar in all material respects to this covenant and requiring U.S. Concrete to make an offer to repurchase such Debt at substantially the same time as the Prepayment Offer.

 

Within five business days after we are obligated to make a Prepayment Offer as described in the preceding paragraph, we will send a written notice, by first-class mail, to the holders of notes, accompanied by such information regarding us and our Subsidiaries as we in good faith believe will enable such holders to make an informed decision with respect to such Prepayment Offer. Any such notice must state, among other things, the purchase price and the repurchase date, which will be, subject to any contrary requirements of applicable law, a business day no earlier than 20 business days nor later than 60 days from the date such notice is mailed.

 

We will comply, to the extent applicable, with the requirements of Section 14(e) of the Exchange Act and any other securities laws or regulations in connection with the repurchase of notes pursuant to this covenant. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with provisions of this covenant,

we will comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and will not be deemed to have breached our obligations under this covenant by virtue of that compliance.

 

The New Credit Facility includes provisions prohibiting us from purchasing any notes at any time before the notes become due and payable or are otherwise required to be repaid or repurchased under terms of the indenture. The New Credit Facility provides that the occurrence of certain of the events that would constitute an Asset Sale would constitute a default under the New Credit Facility and requires that outstanding debt under that facility be repaid upon the occurrence of some of the events that would constitute an Asset Sale. Other future debt of U.S. Concrete may contain prohibitions of certain events which would constitute an Asset Sale or require such debt to be repurchased following an Asset Sale. To the extent other debt of U.S. Concrete is both subject to similar repurchase obligations in the event of an Asset Sale and ranks senior in right of payment to the notes, all available funds will first be expended for the repurchase of such debt. Moreover, the exercise by holders of notes of their right to require us to repurchase such notes could cause a default under existing or future debt of U.S. Concrete, even if the Asset Sale itself does not, due to the financial effect of such repurchase on U.S. Concrete. Finally, our ability to pay cash to holders of notes upon a repurchase may be limited by our then existing financial resources. We cannot assure you that sufficient funds will be available when necessary to make any required repurchases. Our failure to repurchase notes in connection with an Asset Sale would result in a default under the indenture. Such a default could, in turn, constitute a default under agreements governing other debt of U.S. Concrete, including the New Credit Facility, and may constitute a default under future debt as well. If such debt constitutes Designated Senior Debt, the subordination provisions in the indenture would likely restrict payment to holders of notes. Our obligation to make an offer to repurchase the notes as a result of an Asset Sale may be waived or modified at any time prior to the occurrence of such Asset Sale with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the notes. See “Amendments and Waivers.”

 

Limitation on Restrictions on Distributions from Restricted Subsidiaries.  The indenture provides that U.S. Concrete shall not, and shall not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, create or otherwise cause or permit to exist any consensual restriction on the right of any Restricted Subsidiary to:

 

(a) pay dividends, in cash or otherwise, or make any other distributions on or in respect of its Capital Stock, or pay any Debt or other obligation owed, to U.S. Concrete or any other Restricted Subsidiary,

 

(b) make any loans or advances to U.S. Concrete or any other Restricted Subsidiary; or

 

(c) transfer any of its Property to U.S. Concrete or any other Restricted Subsidiary.

 

The foregoing limitations do not apply:

 

(1) with respect to clauses (a), (b) and (c), to restrictions:

 

(A) in effect on the Issue Date (including, without limitation, restrictions pursuant to the notes, the indenture and the New Credit Facility);

 

(B) relating to Debt of a Restricted Subsidiary and existing at the time it became a Restricted Subsidiary if such restriction was not created in connection with or in anticipation of the transaction or series of transactions pursuant to which such Restricted Subsidiary became a Restricted Subsidiary or was acquired by U.S. Concrete;

 

(C) that result from the Refinancing of Debt Incurred pursuant to an agreement referred to in clause (1)(A) or (B) above or in clause (2)(A) or (B) below; provided that such restrictions are not materially less favorable, taken as a whole, to the holders of notes than those under the agreement evidencing the Debt so Refinanced;

 

(D) existing under or by reason of applicable law or governmental regulation; and

 

(E) that constitute customary restrictions contained in joint venture agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business and in good faith and not otherwise prohibited by the indenture; and

(2) with respect to clause (c) only, to restrictions:

 

(A) relating to Debt that is permitted to be Incurred and secured without also securing the notes or the applicable Subsidiary Guarantee pursuant to the covenants described under “Limitation on Debt” and “Limitation on Liens” that limit the right of the debtor to dispose of the Property securing such Debt;

 

(B) encumbering Property at the time such Property was acquired by U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary, so long as such restrictions relate solely to the Property so acquired and were not created in connection with or in anticipation of such acquisition;

 

(C) resulting from customary provisions restricting subletting or assignment of leases or customary provisions in other agreements that restrict assignment of such agreements or rights thereunder;

 

(D) customary restrictions contained in asset sale agreements, stock sale agreements, sale-leaseback agreements and similar agreements limiting the transfer of such Property pending the closing of such sale; and

 

(E) on cash or other deposits or net worth imposed by customers under contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business.

 

Limitation on Transactions with Affiliates.  The indenture provides that U.S. Concrete shall not, and shall not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, enter into any transaction or series of transactions (including the purchase, sale, transfer, assignment, lease, conveyance or exchange of any Property or the rendering of any service) with, or for the benefit of, any Affiliate of U.S. Concrete (an “Affiliate Transaction”), unless:

 

(a) the terms of such Affiliate Transaction are set forth in writing and no less favorable to U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, than those that could be obtained in a comparable arm’s-length transaction with a Person that is not an Affiliate of U.S. Concrete;

 

(b) if such Affiliate Transaction involves aggregate payments or value in excess of $2.0 million, the Board of Directors (including, in either case, at least a majority of the disinterested members of the Board of Directors) approves such Affiliate Transaction; and

 

(c) if such Affiliate Transaction involves aggregate payments or value in excess of $15.0 million, U.S. Concrete obtains a written opinion from an Independent Financial Advisor to the effect that the consideration to be paid or received in connection with such Affiliate Transaction is fair, from a financial point of view, to U.S. Concrete and the Restricted Subsidiaries.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing limitation, U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary may enter into or suffer to exist the following:

 

(a) any transaction or series of transactions between U.S. Concrete and one or more Restricted Subsidiaries or between two or more Restricted Subsidiaries; provided that no more than 5% of the total voting power of the Voting Stock (on a fully diluted basis) of any such Restricted Subsidiary is owned by an Affiliate of U.S. Concrete (other than a Restricted Subsidiary);

 

(b) any Restricted Payment permitted to be made pursuant to the covenant described under “Limitation on Restricted Payments” or any Permitted Investment;

 

(c) the payment of compensation (including amounts paid pursuant to employment agreements and employee benefit plans) for the personal services of officers, directors and employees of U.S. Concrete or any of the Restricted Subsidiaries and the reimbursement of related expenses, so long as, in the case of compensation, the Board of Directors shall have approved the terms thereof and deemed the services theretofore or thereafter to be performed for such compensation to be fair consideration therefor;

(d) loans and advances to employees made in the ordinary course of business and consistent with the past practices of U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be; provided that such loans and advances do not exceed $2.0 million in the aggregate at any one time outstanding;

 

(e) transactions with customers, suppliers, contractors, joint venture partners or purchasers or sellers of goods or services, in each case which are in the ordinary course of business and consistent with industry practice and otherwise in compliance with the terms of the indenture, and which are fair to U.S. Concrete and its Restricted Subsidiaries, as applicable, in the judgment of the Board of Directors and are on terms no less favorable to U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, than those that could be obtained in a comparable arm’s-length transaction with a Person that is not an Affiliate of U.S. Concrete;

 

(f) compliance with provisions contained in the charters and bylaws of U.S. Concrete and its Restricted Subsidiaries and any applicable corporate laws, in each case relating to indemnification, and director and officer indemnification agreements entered into in good faith and approved by the Board of Directors;

 

(g) transactions pursuant to any contract or agreement in effect on the date of the indenture and described in this prospectus, as any such contract or agreement may be amended, modified or replaced (including successive replacements) from time to time, so long as the amended, modified or new contract or agreement, taken as a whole, is no less favorable to U.S. Concrete and the Restricted Subsidiaries than the contract or agreement being amended, modified or replaced, as in effect on the date of the indenture; and

 

(h) any sale of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of U.S. Concrete to Affiliates of U.S. Concrete.

 

Limitation on Layered Debt.  The indenture provides that U.S. Concrete shall not, and shall not permit any Subsidiary Guarantor to, Incur, directly or indirectly, any Debt that is subordinate or junior in right of payment to any Senior Debt unless such Debt is Senior Subordinated Debt or is expressly subordinated in right of payment to Senior Subordinated Debt. In addition, indenture provides that no Subsidiary Guarantor shall Guarantee, directly or indirectly, any Debt of U.S. Concrete that is subordinate or junior in right of payment to any Senior Debt unless such Guarantee is expressly subordinate in right of payment to, or ranks equally in right of payment with, the Subsidiary Guarantee of such Subsidiary Guarantor.

 

Designation of Restricted and Unrestricted Subsidiaries.  The indenture provides that the Board of Directors may designate any Subsidiary of U.S. Concrete to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary if U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, is permitted to make such Investment in such Subsidiary and such Subsidiary:

 

(a) has no Debt other than Non-Recourse Debt; provided, however, that U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary may loan, advance, extend credit to, or Guarantee the Debt of an Unrestricted Subsidiary at any time at or after such Subsidiary is designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary in accordance with the covenant described under “Limitation on Restricted Payments”;

 

(b) is not party to any agreement, contract, arrangement or understanding with U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiaries unless the terms of any such agreement, contract, arrangement or understanding are no less favorable, taken as a whole, to U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary than those that might be obtained at the time from Persons who are not Affiliates of U.S. Concrete;

 

(c) is a Person with respect to which neither U.S. Concrete nor any Restricted Subsidiaries has any direct or indirect obligation (1) to subscribe for additional Capital Stock or (2) to maintain or preserve such Person’s financial condition or to cause such Person to achieve any specified levels of operating results; and

 

(d) has not Guaranteed or otherwise directly or indirectly provided credit support in the form of Debt for any Debt of U.S. Concrete or its Restricted Subsidiaries.

Unless so designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary, any Person that becomes a Subsidiary of U.S. Concrete will be classified as a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that such Subsidiary shall not be designated a Restricted Subsidiary and shall be automatically classified as an Unrestricted Subsidiary if either of the requirements described in clauses (x) and (y) of the second immediately following paragraph will not be satisfied after giving pro forma effect to such classification or if such Person is a Subsidiary of an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

 

Except as provided in the first sentence of the preceding paragraph, the indenture provides that no Restricted Subsidiary may be redesignated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary, and neither U.S. Concrete nor any Restricted Subsidiary shall at any time be directly or indirectly liable for any Debt that provides that the holder thereof may (with the passage of time or notice or both) declare a default thereon or cause the payment thereof to be accelerated or payable prior to its Stated Maturity upon the occurrence of a default with respect to any Debt, Lien or other obligation of any Unrestricted Subsidiary (including any right to take enforcement action against such Unrestricted Subsidiary). Upon designation of a Restricted Subsidiary as an Unrestricted Subsidiary in compliance with this covenant, such Restricted Subsidiary will, by execution and delivery of a supplemental indenture in form satisfactory to the Trustee, be released from any Subsidiary Guarantee previously made by such Restricted Subsidiary.

 

The indenture provides that the Board of Directors may designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a Restricted Subsidiary if, immediately after giving pro forma effect to such designation,

 

(x) U.S. Concrete could Incur at least $1.00 of additional Debt pursuant to clause (1) of the first paragraph of the covenant described under “Limitation on Debt”; and

 

(y) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would result therefrom.

 

Any such designation or redesignation by the Board of Directors will be evidenced to the Trustee by filing with the Trustee a Board Resolution giving effect to such designation or redesignation and an Officers’ Certificate that:

 

(a) certifies that such designation or redesignation complies with the foregoing provisions; and

 

(b) gives the effective date of such designation or redesignation;

 

such filing with the Trustee must be made within 45 days after the end of the fiscal quarter of U.S. Concrete in which such designation or redesignation is made (or, in the case of a designation or redesignation made during the last fiscal quarter of U.S. Concrete’s fiscal year, within 90 days after the end of such fiscal year).

 

Future Subsidiary Guarantors.  The indenture provides that U.S. Concrete shall cause each Person that becomes a Domestic Restricted Subsidiary following the Issue Date and that Guarantees other Debt of U.S. Concrete to execute and deliver to the Trustee a Subsidiary Guarantee. In addition, the indenture provides that U.S. Concrete will cause any non-guarantor Domestic or Foreign Restricted Subsidiary (whether in existence on the Issue Date or created or acquired thereafter), which has Guaranteed or which Guarantees any other Debt of U.S. Concrete or any Domestic Restricted Subsidiary, to execute and deliver to the Trustee a Subsidiary Guarantee pursuant to which such non-guarantor Restricted Subsidiary will Guarantee payment of our obligations under the notes on the same terms and conditions as set forth in the Guarantee of such other Debt of U.S. Concrete or any Domestic Restricted Subsidiary given by such non-guarantor Restricted Subsidiary; provided that if such other Debt is by its express terms subordinated in right of payment to the notes, any such Guarantee of such non-guarantor Restricted Subsidiary with respect to such other Debt will be subordinated in right of payment to such non-guarantor Restricted Subsidiary’s Guarantee with respect to the notes substantially to the same extent as such other Debt is subordinated to the notes; provided further, however, that any such Guarantee will provide by its terms that it will be automatically and unconditionally released upon the release or discharge of such Guarantee of payment of such other Debt (except a discharge by or as a result of payment under such Guarantee).

Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Property

 

The indenture provides that U.S. Concrete shall not merge, consolidate or amalgamate with or into any other Person (other than a merger of a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary into U.S. Concrete) or sell, transfer, assign, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all its Property in any one transaction or series of related transactions unless:

 

(a) U.S. Concrete shall be the Surviving Person in such merger, consolidation or amalgamation, or the Surviving Person (if other than U.S. Concrete) formed by such merger, consolidation or amalgamation or to which such sale, transfer, assignment, lease, conveyance or disposition is made shall be a Person organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia; provided, however, that if such Person is not a corporation, a corporate Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of such Person becomes a co-issuer of the notes in connection therewith;

 

(b) the Surviving Person (if other than U.S. Concrete) expressly assumes, by supplemental indenture in form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, executed and delivered to the Trustee by such Surviving Person, the due and punctual payment of the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on, all the notes, according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance of all the covenants and conditions of the indenture to be performed by U.S. Concrete;

 

(c) in the case of a sale, transfer, assignment, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all the Property of U.S. Concrete, such Property shall have been transferred as an entirety or virtually as an entirety to one Person;

 

(d) immediately after giving effect to such transaction or series of related transactions on a pro forma basis (and treating, for purposes of this clause (d) and clause (e) below, any Debt that becomes, or is anticipated to become, an obligation of the Surviving Person or any Restricted Subsidiary as a result of such transaction or series of related transactions as having been Incurred by the Surviving Person or such Restricted Subsidiary at the time of such transaction or series of related transactions), no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing;

 

(e) immediately after giving effect to such transaction or series of transactions on a pro forma basis, U.S. Concrete or the Surviving Person, as the case may be, would be able to Incur at least $1.00 of additional Debt under clause (1) of the first paragraph of the covenant described under “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Debt”; and

 

(f) U.S. Concrete shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Trustee, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such transaction or series of transactions and the supplemental indenture, if any, in respect thereto comply with this covenant and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction or series of transactions have been satisfied.

 

The foregoing provisions (other than clause (d)) will not apply to any transaction or series of related transactions which constitute an Asset Sale if U.S. Concrete has complied with the covenant described under “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Asset Sales.”

 

The indenture provides that U.S. Concrete shall not permit any Subsidiary Guarantor to merge, consolidate or amalgamate with or into any other Person (other than a merger of a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary into U.S. Concrete or such Subsidiary Guarantor or a merger of such Subsidiary Guarantor with or into U.S. Concrete or another Subsidiary Guarantor) or sell, transfer, assign, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all its Property in any one transaction or series of related transactions (other than a sale, transfer, assignment, lease, conveyance or other disposition between or among U.S. Concrete and any Subsidiary Guarantor) unless:

 

(a) the Surviving Person (if not such Subsidiary Guarantor) formed by such merger, consolidation or amalgamation or to which such sale, transfer, assignment, lease, conveyance or disposition is made shall be a Person organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia;

(b) the Surviving Person (if other than such Subsidiary Guarantor) expressly assumes, by supplemental indenture in form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, executed and delivered to the Trustee by such Surviving Person, the due and punctual performance of all the obligations of such Subsidiary Guarantor under its Subsidiary Guarantee;

 

(c) in the case of a sale, transfer, assignment, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all the Property of such Subsidiary Guarantor, such Property shall have been transferred as an entirety or virtually as an entirety to one Person;

 

(d) immediately after giving effect to such transaction or series of transactions on a pro forma basis (and treating, for purposes of this clause (d) and clause (e) below, any Debt that becomes, or is anticipated to become, an obligation of the Surviving Person, U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary as a result of such transaction or series of transactions as having been Incurred by the Surviving Person, U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary at the time of such transaction or series of transactions), no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing;

 

(e) immediately after giving effect to such transaction or series of transactions on a pro forma basis, U.S. Concrete would be able to Incur at least $1.00 of additional Debt under clause (1) of the first paragraph of the covenant described under “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Debt”; and

 

(f) U.S. Concrete shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Trustee, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such transaction or series of transactions and such Subsidiary Guarantee, if any, in respect thereto comply with this covenant and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction or series of transactions have been satisfied.

 

The foregoing provisions (other than clause (d)) will not apply to any transaction or series of related transactions which constitute an Asset Sale if U.S. Concrete has complied with the covenant described under “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Asset Sales.”

 

Upon the consummation of any transaction effected in accordance with these provisions, the Surviving Person (if U.S. Concrete or a Subsidiary Guarantor, as the case may be, is not the Surviving Person) shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of U.S. Concrete under the indenture (or of the Subsidiary Guarantor under the Subsidiary Guarantee, as the case may be). Upon such substitution, and except in the case of:

 

(a) a sale, transfer, assignment, conveyance or other disposition (unless such sale, transfer, assignment, conveyance or other disposition is of all the assets of U.S. Concrete as an entirety or substantially as an entirety); or

 

(b) a lease;

 

the predecessor shall be released from its obligations and covenants under the indenture and the notes.

 

Payments for Consents

 

The indenture provides that U.S. Concrete shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, pay or cause to be paid any consideration, whether by way of interest, fee or otherwise, to any holder of any notes for or as an inducement to any consent, waiver or amendment of any of the terms or provisions of the indenture or the notes unless such consideration is offered to be paid or is paid to all holders of the notes that consent, waive or agree to amend in the time frame set forth in the solicitation documents relating to such consent, waiver or agreement.

 

SEC Reports

 

Notwithstanding that U.S. Concrete may not be subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the indenture provides that U.S. Concrete to file with the Commission and provide the Trustee and holders of notes with such annual reports and such information, documents and other reports

as are specified in Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act and applicable to a U.S. corporation subject to such Sections, such information, documents and reports to be so filed with the Commission and provided at the times specified for the filing of such information, documents and reports under such Sections; provided, however, that U.S. Concrete shall not be so obligated to file such information, documents and reports with the Commission if the Commission does not permit such filings.

 

Events of Default

 

Events of Default in respect of the notes include:

 

(1) failure to make the payment of any interest on the notes when the same becomes due and payable, and such failure continues for a period of 30 days;

 

(2) failure to make the payment of any principal of, or premium, if any, on, any of the notes when the same becomes due and payable at its Stated Maturity, upon acceleration, redemption, optional redemption, required repurchase or otherwise;

 

(3) failure to comply with the covenant described under “Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Property”;

 

(4) failure to comply with any other covenant or agreement in the notes or in the indenture (other than a failure that is the subject of the foregoing clause (1), (2) or (3)), and such failure continues for 60 days after written notice is given to U.S. Concrete as provided below;

 

(5) a default under any Debt by U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary that results in acceleration of the maturity of such Debt, or failure to pay any such Debt at maturity, in an aggregate amount greater than $10.0 million or its foreign currency equivalent at the time (the “cross acceleration provisions”);

 

(6) any final judgment or judgments for the payment of money in an aggregate amount in excess of $10.0 million (or its foreign currency equivalent at the time) (net of any amounts, subject to customary deductibles, that the reputable and creditworthy insurance company shall have not denied coverage under applicable policies) that shall be rendered against U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary and that shall not be waived, satisfied, discharged or bonded for any period of 60 consecutive days during which a stay of enforcement shall not be in effect (the “judgment default provisions”);

 

(7) certain events involving bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of U.S. Concrete or any Significant Subsidiary (the “bankruptcy provisions”); and

 

(8) any Subsidiary Guarantee of a Significant Subsidiary ceases to be in full force and effect (other than in accordance with the terms of such Subsidiary Guarantee) or any Subsidiary Guarantor denies or disaffirms its obligations under its Subsidiary Guarantee (the “guarantee provisions”).

 

A Default under clause (4) is not an Event of Default until the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the notes then outstanding notify U.S. Concrete of the Default and U.S. Concrete does not cure such Default within the time specified after receipt of such notice. Such notice must specify the Default, demand that it be remedied and state that such notice is a “Notice of Default.”

 

The indenture provides that U.S. Concrete shall deliver to the Trustee, within 30 days after an Officer of U.S. Concrete becomes aware of the occurrence thereof, written notice in the form of an Officers’ Certificate of any event that with the giving of notice or the lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default, its status and what action U.S. Concrete is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.

 

If an Event of Default with respect to the notes (other than an Event of Default resulting from certain events involving bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization with respect to U.S. Concrete) shall have occurred and be continuing, the Trustee or the registered holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the notes then outstanding may declare to be immediately due and payable the principal amount of all the new notes then outstanding, plus accrued but unpaid interest to the date of acceleration. In case an Event of Default resulting from certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization with respect to U.S. Concrete shall

occur, such amount with respect to all the notes shall be due and payable immediately without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the notes. After any such acceleration, but before a judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction based on acceleration is obtained by the Trustee, the registered holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the notes then outstanding may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul such acceleration and its consequences if all Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of accelerated principal, premium or interest, have been cured or waived as provided in the indenture.

 

Subject to the provisions of the indenture relating to the duties of the Trustee, in case an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the notes, unless such holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity. Subject to such provisions for the indemnification of the Trustee, the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the notes then outstanding will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the notes.

 

However, the trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or the indenture, that may involve the trustee in personal liability, or that the trustee determines in good faith may be unduly prejudicial to the rights of holders of notes not joining in the giving of such direction, and may take any other action it deems proper that is not inconsistent with any such direction received from holders of notes.

 

No holder of notes will have any right to institute any proceeding with respect to the indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any remedy thereunder, unless:

 

(a) such holder has previously given to the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default;

 

(b) the registered holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the notes then outstanding have made a written request and offered reasonable indemnity to the Trustee to institute such proceeding as trustee; and

 

(c) the Trustee shall not have received from the registered holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the notes then outstanding a direction inconsistent with such request and shall have failed to institute such proceeding within 60 days.

 

However, such limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of any note for enforcement of payment of the principal of, and premium, if any, or interest on such note on or after the respective due dates expressed in such note.

 

No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and Stockholders

 

The indenture provides that no director, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of U.S. Concrete or any Subsidiary Guarantor, as such, will have any liability for any obligations of U.S. Concrete or any Subsidiary Guarantor under the notes, the indenture or the Subsidiary Guarantees or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each holder of notes by accepting a note waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the notes. The waiver may not be effective to waive liabilities under the federal securities laws. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrants, it is the opinion of the SEC that such indemnification is against public policy and is therefore unenforceable.

 

Amendments and Waivers

 

Subject to certain exceptions, U.S. Concrete and the Trustee with the consent of the registered holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the notes then outstanding (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the notes) may amend the indenture, the notes, and the Subsidiary Guarantees and the registered holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the notes outstanding may waive any past default or compliance with any provisions of the indenture, the notes

and the Subsidiary Guarantees (except a default in the payment of principal, premium, interest and certain covenants and provisions of the indenture which cannot be amended without the consent of each holder of outstanding notes). However, without the consent of each holder of a note that is outstanding, no amendment may, among other things,

 

(1) reduce the amount of notes whose holders must consent to an amendment or waiver;

 

(2) reduce the rate of, or extend the time for payment of interest on any note;

 

(3) reduce the principal, or extend the Stated Maturity of, any note;

 

(4) make any note payable in money other than that stated in the note;

 

(5) impair the right of any holder of the notes to receive payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on such holder’s notes on or after the due dates therefor or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to such holder’s notes or any Subsidiary Guarantee;

 

(6) reduce the premium payable upon the redemption of any note or change the time at which any note may be redeemed, as described under “Optional Redemption”;

 

(7) reduce the premium payable upon a Change of Control or, at any time after a Change of Control has occurred, change the time at which the Change of Control Offer relating thereto must be made or at which the notes must be repurchased pursuant to such Change of Control Offer;

 

(8) at any time after U.S. Concrete is obligated to make a Prepayment Offer with the Excess Proceeds from Asset Sales, change the time at which such Prepayment Offer must be made or at which the notes must be repurchased pursuant thereto;

 

(9) make any change to the subordination provisions of the indenture that would adversely affect the holders of the notes; or

 

(10) make any change in any Subsidiary Guarantee that would adversely affect the holders of the notes (other than releases effected in accordance with the terms of the indenture in effect on the Issue Date).

 

The indenture, the notes and the Subsidiary Guarantees may be amended by U.S. Concrete and the Trustee without the consent of any holder of the notes to:

 

(1) cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency;

 

(2) provide for the assumption by a Surviving Person of the obligations of U.S. Concrete under the indenture or of a Subsidiary Guarantor under the indenture and, if applicable, its Subsidiary Guarantee;

 

(3) provide for uncertificated notes in addition to or in place of certificated notes; provided that the uncertificated notes are issued in registered form for purposes of Section 163(f) of the Code, or in a manner such that the uncertificated notes are described in Section 163(f)(2)(B) of the Code;

 

(4) add additional Guarantees with respect to the notes or release, terminate or discharge Subsidiary Guarantors from Subsidiary Guarantees as provided or permitted by the terms of the indenture;

 

(5) secure the notes, add to the covenants of U.S. Concrete for the benefit of the holders of the notes or surrender any right or power conferred upon U.S. Concrete;

 

(6) make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder of the notes;

 

(7) make any change to the subordination provisions of the indenture that would limit or terminate the benefits available to any holder of Senior Debt under such provisions;

 

(8) comply with any requirement in connection with the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;

 

(9) provide for the issuance of additional notes in accordance with the indenture; or

 

(10) evidence and provide for the acceptance of an appointment by a successor trustee.

No amendment may be made to the subordination provisions of the indenture that adversely affects the rights of any holder of Senior Debt then outstanding unless the holders of such Senior Debt (or their Representative) consent to such change. The consent of the holders of the notes is not necessary to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment. It is sufficient if such consent approves the substance of the proposed amendment. After an amendment becomes effective, U.S. Concrete is required to mail to each registered holder of the notes at such holder’s address appearing in the Security Register a notice briefly describing such amendment. However, the failure to give such notice to all holders of the notes, or any defect therein, will not impair or affect the validity of the amendment.

 

Defeasance

 

We may at any time terminate all our obligations under the notes and the indenture (“legal defeasance”), except for certain obligations, including those respecting the defeasance trust and obligations to register the transfer or exchange of the notes, to replace mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen notes and to maintain a registrar and paying agent in respect of the notes. U.S. Concrete at any time may terminate:

 

(1) its obligations under the covenants described under “Repurchase at the Option of Holders Upon a Change of Control” and “Certain Covenants”;

 

(2) the operation of the cross acceleration provisions, the judgment default provisions, the bankruptcy provisions with respect to Significant Subsidiaries, the guarantee provisions described under “Events of Default” above; and

 

(3) the limitations contained in clause (e) under the first and second paragraphs of “Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Property” above (“covenant defeasance”).

 

U.S. Concrete may exercise its legal defeasance option notwithstanding its prior exercise of its covenant defeasance option.

 

If U.S. Concrete exercises its legal defeasance option, payment of the notes may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default with respect thereto. If U.S. Concrete exercises its covenant defeasance option, payment of the notes may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default specified in clause (4) (with respect to the covenants described under “Certain Covenants”), (5), (6), (7) (with respect only to Significant Subsidiaries) or (8) under “Events of Default” above or because of the failure of U.S. Concrete to comply with clause (e) under the first and second paragraphs of “Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Property” above. If U.S. Concrete exercises its legal defeasance option or its covenant defeasance option, each Subsidiary Guarantor will be released from all its obligations under its Subsidiary Guarantee.

 

The legal defeasance option or the covenant defeasance option may be exercised only if:

 

(a) U.S. Concrete irrevocably deposits in trust with the Trustee money or U.S. Government Obligations for the payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the notes to maturity or redemption, as the case may be;

 

(b) U.S. Concrete delivers to the Trustee a certificate from a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressing their opinion that the payments of principal, premium, if any, and interest when due and without reinvestment on the deposited U.S. Government Obligations plus any deposited money without investment will provide cash at such times and in such amounts as will be sufficient to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest when due on all the notes to be defeased to maturity or redemption, as the case may be;

 

(c) 91 days pass after the deposit is made, and during the 91-day period, no Default described in clause (7) under “Events of Default” occurs with respect to U.S. Concrete or any other Person making such deposit which is continuing at the end of the period;

 

(d) no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing on the date of such deposit and after giving effect thereto;

(e) such deposit does not constitute a default under any other agreement or instrument binding on U.S. Concrete;

 

(f) U.S. Concrete delivers to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the trust resulting from the deposit does not constitute, or is qualified as, a regulated investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940;

 

(g) in the case of the legal defeasance option, U.S. Concrete delivers to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that:

 

(1) U.S. Concrete has received from the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or

 

(2) since the date of the indenture there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, to the effect, in either case, that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the holders of the notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same time as would have been the case if such defeasance has not occurred;

 

(h) in the case of the covenant defeasance option, U.S. Concrete delivers to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the holders of the notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred; and

 

(i) U.S. Concrete delivers to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent to the defeasance and discharge of the notes have been complied with as required by the indenture.

 

Satisfaction and Discharge

 

The indenture will be discharged and will cease to be of further effect as to all notes issued thereunder, when:

 

(1) either:

 

(a) all notes that have been authenticated, except lost, stolen or destroyed notes that have been replaced or paid and notes for whose payment money has been deposited in trust and thereafter repaid to U.S. Concrete have been delivered to the trustee for cancellation; or

 

(b) all notes that have not been delivered to the trustee for cancellation have become due and payable by reason of the mailing of a notice of redemption or otherwise or will become due and payable within one year, and U.S. Concrete has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the trustee as trust funds in trust solely for the benefit of the holders, cash in U.S. dollars, non-callable U.S. Government Obligations, or a combination of cash in U.S. dollars and non-callable U.S. Government Obligations, in such amounts as will be sufficient without consideration of any reinvestment of interest, to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on the notes not delivered to the trustee for cancellation, for principal, premium and accrued and unpaid interest to the date of maturity or redemption;

 

(2) no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing on the date of the deposit or will occur as a result of the deposit and the deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other material instrument to which U.S. Concrete or any Subsidiary Guarantor is a party or by which U.S. Concrete or any Subsidiary Guarantor is bound;

 

(3) U.S. Concrete has paid or caused to be paid all sums payable by it under the indenture; and

 

(4) U.S. Concrete has delivered irrevocable instructions to the trustee under the indenture to apply the deposited money toward the payment of the notes at maturity or the redemption date, as the case may be.

In addition, U.S. Concrete must deliver an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel to the trustee stating that all conditions precedent to the satisfaction and discharge have been satisfied.

 

Governing Law

 

The indenture and the notes are governed by the internal laws of the State of New York without reference to principles of conflicts of law.

 

The Trustee

 

Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, is the Trustee under the indenture.

 

Except during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Trustee will perform only such duties as are specifically set forth in the indenture. During the existence of an Event of Default, the Trustee will exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it under the indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise as a prudent person would exercise under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs.

 

Certain Definitions

 

Set forth below is a summary of certain of the defined terms used in the indenture. Reference is made to the indenture for the full definition of all such terms as well as any other capitalized terms used herein for which no definition is provided. Unless the context otherwise requires, an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP.

 

“Additional Assets” means:

 

(a) any Property (other than cash, Cash Equivalents and securities) to be owned by U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary and used in a Permitted Business; or

 

(b) Capital Stock of a Person that becomes a Restricted Subsidiary as a result of the acquisition of such Capital Stock by U.S. Concrete or another Restricted Subsidiary from any Person other than U.S. Concrete or an Affiliate of U.S. Concrete; provided, however, that, in the case of this clause (b), such Restricted Subsidiary is primarily engaged in a Permitted Business.

 

“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control,” when used with respect to any Person, means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

 

“Asset Sale” means any sale, lease, transfer or other disposition (or series of related sales, leases, transfers or dispositions) by U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary, including any disposition by means of a merger, consolidation or similar transaction and including any sale or issuance of the Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary (each referred to for the purposes of this definition as a “disposition”), of any other Property of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary outside of the ordinary course of business of U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary, other than:

 

(a) any disposition by a Restricted Subsidiary to U.S. Concrete or by U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary to a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary;

 

(b) any disposition that constitutes a Permitted Investment or is permitted by the covenant described under “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Restricted Payments”;

 

(c) any disposition effected in compliance with the first paragraph of the covenant described under “Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Property”;

 

(d) any disposition in a single transaction or a series of related transactions of assets for aggregate consideration of less than $2.0 million;

(e) the creation of any Permitted Lien and the exercise by any Person in whose favor a Permitted Lien is granted of any of its rights in respect of that Permitted Lien;

 

(f) any disposition of surplus, discontinued, damaged or worn-out equipment or other immaterial assets no longer used in the ongoing business of U.S. Concrete and its Restricted Subsidiaries;

 

(g) any other disposition of cash or Cash Equivalents; and

 

(h) the trade or exchange by U.S. Concrete or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of any assets used or useful in U.S. Concrete’s business that are owned or held by U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary solely for (1) assets used or useful in U.S. Concrete’s business that are owned or held by another Person or (2) Capital Stock of a Person engaged in a Permitted Business and which as a result of such transaction becomes a Restricted Subsidiary of U.S. Concrete, in either case, that the Board of Directors determines to be of approximately equivalent value.

 

“Attributable Debt” in respect of a Sale and Leaseback Transaction means, at any date of determination,

 

(a) if such Sale and Leaseback Transaction is a Capital Lease Obligation, the amount of Debt represented thereby according to the definition of “Capital Lease Obligations”; and

 

(b) in all other instances, the greater of:

 

(1) the Fair Market Value of the Property subject to such Sale and Leaseback Transaction; and

 

(2) the present value (discounted at the interest rate borne by the notes, compounded annually) of the total obligations of the lessee for rental payments during the remaining term of the lease included in such Sale and Leaseback Transaction (including any period for which such lease has been extended).

 

“Average Life” means, as of any date of determination, with respect to any Debt or Preferred Stock, the quotient obtained by dividing:

 

(a) the sum of the product of the numbers of years (rounded to the nearest one-twelfth of one year) from the date of determination to the dates of each successive scheduled principal payment of such Debt or redemption or similar payment with respect to such Preferred Stock multiplied by the amount of such payment by

 

(b) the sum of all such payments.

 

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of U.S. Concrete or any duly authorized committee thereof.

 

“Capital Lease Obligations” means any obligation under a lease that is required to be capitalized for financial reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP; and the amount of Debt represented by such obligation shall be the capitalized amount of such obligations determined in accordance with GAAP; and the Stated Maturity thereof shall be the date of the last payment of rent or any other amount due under such lease prior to the first date upon which such lease may be terminated by the lessee without payment of a penalty. For purposes of “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Liens,” a Capital Lease Obligation shall be deemed secured by a Lien on the Property being leased.

 

“Capital Stock” means, with respect to any Person, any shares or other equivalents (however designated) of any class of corporate stock or partnership interests or any other participations, rights, warrants, options or other interests in the nature of an equity interest in such Person, including Preferred Stock, but excluding any debt security convertible into or exchangeable for such equity interest.

 

“Capital Stock Sale Proceeds” means at any date the aggregate cash proceeds received by U.S. Concrete from the issuance or sale (other than to a Subsidiary of U.S. Concrete or an employee stock ownership plan or trust established by U.S. Concrete or any such Subsidiary for the benefit of their employees) by U.S. Concrete of its Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) after the Issue Date and until such date, net of attorneys’ fees, accountants’ fees, underwriters’ or placement agents’ fees, discounts or commissions and brokerage,

consultant and other fees and expenses actually incurred in connection with such issuance or sale and net of taxes paid or payable as a result thereof.

 

“Cash Equivalents” means any of the following:

 

(a) Investments in U.S. Government Obligations maturing not more than one year from the date of acquisition thereof;

 

(b) Investments in demand deposit accounts, time deposit accounts, certificates of deposit and money market deposits maturing not more than one year from the date of acquisition thereof issued by a bank or trust company organized under the laws of the United States of America or any state thereof having capital, surplus and undivided profits aggregating in excess of $250.0 million and whose long-term debt is rated, on the date of the Investment, “A-3” or “A−” or higher according to Moody’s or S&P (or such similar equivalent rating by at least one “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” (as defined in Rule 436 under the Securities Act));

 

(c) repurchase obligations with a term of not more than 30 days for underlying securities of the types described in clause (a) or (b) entered into with:

 

(1) a bank meeting the qualifications described in clause (b) above; or

 

(2) any primary government securities dealer reporting to the Market Reports Division of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York;

 

(d) Investments in commercial paper, maturing not more than 270 days after the date of acquisition with a rating, on the date of the Investment, of “P-1” (or higher) according to Moody’s or “A-1” (or higher) according to S&P (or at least an equivalent rating by at least one “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” (as defined in Rule 436 under the Securities Act));

 

(e) direct obligations (or certificates representing an ownership interest in such obligations) of any state of the United States of America (including any agency or instrumentality thereof) for the payment of which the full faith and credit of such state is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the issuer’s option, provided that:

 

(1) the long-term debt of such state is rated, at the time of the Investment, “A-3” or “A−” or higher according to Moody’s or S&P (or such similar equivalent rating by at least one “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” (as defined in Rule 436 under the Securities Act)); and

 

(2) such obligations mature not more than one year from the date of acquisition thereof; and

 

(f) Investments in mutual funds whose investment guidelines restrict substantially all of such funds’ investments to those satisfying the provisions of any one or more of clauses (a) through (e) above.

 

“Change of Control” means the occurrence of any of the following events:

 

(a) any “person” or “group” (as such terms are used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act or any successor provisions to either of the foregoing), including any group acting for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of securities within the meaning of Rule 13d-5(b)(1) under the Exchange Act, becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the total voting power of the Voting Stock of U.S. Concrete; provided that for purposes of this clause (a), a person will be deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of all shares that any such person has the right to acquire, whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the occurrence of a subsequent condition; and provided further, that such person or group shall be deemed to beneficially own any Voting Stock of a corporation held by any other corporation (the “parent corporation”) so long as such person or group beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, in the aggregate at least a majority of the total voting power of the Voting Stock of such parent corporation; or

 

(b) the sale, transfer, assignment, lease, conveyance or other disposition, directly or indirectly, of all or substantially all the Property of U.S. Concrete and the Restricted Subsidiaries, considered as a whole (other than a disposition of such Property to a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary), shall have occurred,

or U.S. Concrete consolidates with or merges with or into any other Person or any other Person consolidates with or merges with or into U.S. Concrete, in any such event pursuant to a transaction in which the outstanding Voting Stock of U.S. Concrete is reclassified into or exchanged for cash, securities or other Property, other than any such transaction where:

 

(1) the outstanding Voting Stock of U.S. Concrete is reclassified into or exchanged for other Voting Stock of U.S. Concrete or Voting Stock of the Surviving Person; and

 

(2) the holders of the Voting Stock of U.S. Concrete immediately prior to such transaction own, directly or indirectly, not less than a majority of the Voting Stock of U.S. Concrete or the Surviving Person immediately after such transaction; or

 

(c) during any period of two consecutive years, beginning after the Issue Date, individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board of Directors (together with any new directors whose election or appointment by such Board or whose nomination for election by the stockholders of U.S. Concrete was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then still in office who were either directors at the beginning of such period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board of Directors then in office; or

 

(d) the stockholders of U.S. Concrete shall have approved any plan of liquidation or dissolution of U.S. Concrete.

 

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

“Commission” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Commodity Price Protection Agreement” means, in respect of a Person, any forward contract, commodity swap agreement, commodity option agreement or other similar agreement or arrangement designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in commodity prices.

 

“Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio” means, as of any date of determination, the ratio of:

 

(a) the aggregate amount of EBITDA for U.S. Concrete’s most recent four consecutive fiscal quarters ending at least 45 days prior to such determination date for which U.S. Concrete’s consolidated financial statements are available to

 

(b) Consolidated Interest Expense for such four fiscal quarters;

 

provided, however, that:

 

(1) if

 

(A) since the beginning of such period U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary has Incurred any Debt other than Debt under a revolving credit facility used for working capital purposes in the ordinary course of business that remains outstanding at the end of such period or Repaid any Debt; or

 

(B) the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate the Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio is an Incurrence or Repayment of Debt,

 

Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be calculated after giving effect on a pro forma basis to such Incurrence or Repayment as if such Debt was Incurred or Repaid on the first day of such period, provided that, in the event of any such Repayment of Debt, EBITDA for such period shall be calculated as if U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary had not earned any interest income actually earned during such period in respect of the funds used to Repay such Debt, and

 

(2) if

 

(A) since the beginning of such period U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary shall have made any Asset Sale or an Investment (by merger or otherwise) in any Restricted Subsidiary (or any

Person which becomes a Restricted Subsidiary) or an acquisition of Property which constitutes all or substantially all of an operating unit of a business;

 

(B) the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate the Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio is such an Asset Sale, Investment or acquisition; or

 

(C) since the beginning of such period any Person (that subsequently became a Restricted Subsidiary or was merged with or into U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary since the beginning of such period) shall have made such an Asset Sale, Investment or acquisition,

 

then EBITDA for such period shall be calculated after giving pro forma effect to such Asset Sale, Investment or acquisition as if such Asset Sale, Investment or acquisition had occurred on the first day of such period.

 

If any Debt bears a floating rate of interest and is being given pro forma effect, the interest expense on such Debt shall be calculated as if the base interest rate in effect for such floating rate of interest on the date of determination had been the applicable base interest rate for the entire period (taking into account any Interest Rate Agreement applicable to such Debt if such Interest Rate Agreement has a remaining term of at least 12 months). In the event the Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary is sold during the period, U.S. Concrete shall be deemed, for purposes of clause (1) above, to have Repaid during such period the Debt of such Restricted Subsidiary to the extent U.S. Concrete and its continuing Restricted Subsidiaries are no longer liable for such Debt after such sale.

 

“Consolidated Interest Expense” means, for any period, without duplication of amounts, the total interest expense of U.S. Concrete and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries, plus, to the extent not included in such total interest expense, and to the extent Incurred by U.S. Concrete or its Restricted Subsidiaries during such period;

 

(a) imputed interest expense with respect to Attributable Debt in respect of Sale and Leaseback Transactions and interest expense attributable to Capital Lease Obligations;

 

(b) amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost, including commitment fees but excluding amortization or write-off of deferred financing charges (including amendment fees) Incurred in respect of the initial issuance of the notes or in connection with the entering into of the New Credit Facility;

 

(c) capitalized interest;

 

(d) non-cash interest expense;

 

(e) commissions, discounts and other fees and charges owed with respect to letters of credit and banker’s acceptance financing;

 

(f) net costs associated with Hedging Obligations (including amortization of fees);

 

(g) Disqualified Stock Dividends;

 

(h) Preferred Stock Dividends;

 

(i) interest expense Incurred in connection with Investments in discontinued operations;

 

(j) interest accruing on any Debt of any other Person to the extent such Debt is Guaranteed by U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary; and

 

(k) the cash contributions to any employee stock ownership plan or trust to the extent such contributions are used by such plan or trust to pay interest or fees to any Person (other than U.S. Concrete) in connection with Debt Incurred by such plan or trust;

 

provided, however, that Consolidated Interest Expense for any period shall not include any expense resulting from the prepayment of U.S. Concrete’s 12% senior subordinated notes due 2010, including the make-whole premium thereon and write-off of deferred financing charges thereon.

“Consolidated Net Income” means, for any period, the net income (loss) of U.S. Concrete and its Restricted Subsidiaries determined on a consolidated basis in conformity with GAAP; provided, however, that there shall not be included in the computation of such Consolidated Net Income:

 

(a) any net income (loss) of any Person (other than U.S. Concrete) if such Person is not a Restricted Subsidiary, except that:

 

(1) subject to the exclusion contained in clause (c) below, equity of U.S. Concrete and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries in the net income of any such Person for such period shall be included in such Consolidated Net Income up to the aggregate amount of cash distributed by such Person during such period to U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary as a dividend, advance or other distribution (subject, in any case involving a dividend, advance or other distribution to a Restricted Subsidiary, to the limitations contained in clause (b) below); and

 

(2) the equity of U.S. Concrete and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries in a net loss of any such Person other than an Unrestricted Subsidiary for such period shall be included in determining such Consolidated Net Income;

 

(b) any net income (loss) of any Restricted Subsidiary if such Restricted Subsidiary is subject to contractual or legally binding prohibitions, directly or indirectly, on the payment of dividends or the making of distributions, directly or indirectly, to U.S. Concrete or another Restricted Subsidiary, except that:

 

(1) subject to the exclusion contained in clause (c) below, the equity of U.S. Concrete and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries in the net income of any such Restricted Subsidiary for such period shall be included in such Consolidated Net Income up to the greater of (x) the aggregate amount of cash distributed by such Restricted Subsidiary during such period to U.S. Concrete or another Restricted Subsidiary as a dividend or other distribution (subject, in any case involving a dividend or other distribution to another Restricted Subsidiary, to the limitation contained in this clause) and (y) the aggregate amount of cash that could have been distributed by such Restricted Subsidiary during such period to U.S. Concrete or another Restricted Subsidiary as a dividend or other distribution (subject, in any case involving a dividend or other distribution to another Restricted Subsidiary, to the limitation contained in this clause); and

 

(2) the equity of U.S. Concrete and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries in a net loss of any such Restricted Subsidiary for such period shall be included in determining such Consolidated Net Income;

 

(c) any gain (but not loss) realized upon the sale or other disposition of any Property of U.S. Concrete or any of its consolidated Subsidiaries (including pursuant to any Sale and Leaseback Transaction) that is not sold or otherwise disposed of in the ordinary course of business;

 

(d) any extraordinary gain or loss;

 

(e) any gain or loss resulting from the prepayment of U.S. Concrete’s 12% senior subordinated notes due 2010, including the make-whole premium thereon and write-off of deferred financing charges thereon;

 

(f) the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles; and

 

(g) any non-cash compensation expense realized in respect of grants of performance shares, stock options or other rights to officers, directors and employees of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary; provided that such shares, options or other rights can be redeemed at the option of the holder only for Capital Stock of U.S. Concrete (other than Disqualified Stock).

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, for purposes of the covenant described under “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Restricted Payments” only, there shall be excluded from Consolidated Net Income any dividends, repayments of loans or advances or other transfers of Property from Unrestricted Subsidiaries to

U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary to the extent such dividends, repayments or transfers increase the amount of Restricted Payments permitted under such covenant pursuant to clause (c)(4) thereof.

 

“Consolidated Tangible Assets” means, as of any date of determination, the sum of the amounts that would appear on a consolidated balance sheet of U.S. Concrete and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries as the total assets (after deducting accumulated depletion, depreciation and amortization, allowances for doubtful receivables, other applicable reserves and other similar items) of U.S. Concrete and its Restricted Subsidiaries, after deducting therefrom, to the extent otherwise included therein, the amounts of (without duplication):

 

(a) the excess of cost over fair market value of assets or businesses acquired;

 

(b) any revaluation or other write-up in book value of assets subsequent to the last day of the fiscal quarter of U.S. Concrete immediately preceding the Issue Date as a result of a change in the method of valuation in accordance with GAAP;

 

(c) unamortized debt discount and expenses and other unamortized deferred charges, goodwill, patents, trademarks, service marks, trade names, copyrights, licenses, organization or developmental expenses and other intangible items;

 

(d) minority interests in consolidated Subsidiaries held by Persons other than U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary;

 

(e) treasury stock;

 

(f) cash or securities set aside and held in a sinking or other analogous fund established for the purpose of redemption or other retirement of Capital Stock; and

 

(g) Investments in and assets of Unrestricted Subsidiaries.

 

“Credit Facilities” means, with respect to U.S. Concrete or any Subsidiary Guarantor, one or more debt or commercial paper facilities with banks or other lenders (including the New Credit Facility) or indentures with banks or other institutional lenders or a trustee providing for revolving credit loans, term loans, receivables financing, inventory or other property financing (including through the sale of receivables, inventory or other property to such lenders or to special purpose, bankruptcy remote entities formed to borrow from such lenders against such receivables or inventory) or letters of credit, or issuance of debt securities to institutional investors, in each case together with any Refinancings thereof.

 

“Currency Exchange Protection Agreement” means, in respect of a Person, any foreign exchange contract, currency swap agreement, currency option or other similar agreement or arrangement designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

 

“Debt” means, with respect to any Person on any date of determination (without duplication):

 

(a) the principal of and premium (if any) in respect of:

 

(1) debt of such Person for money borrowed; and

 

(2) debt evidenced by notes, debentures, bonds or other similar instruments for the payment of which such Person is responsible or liable;

 

(b) all Capital Lease Obligations of such Person and all Attributable Debt in respect of Sale and Leaseback Transactions entered into by such Person;

 

(c) all obligations of such Person representing the deferred and unpaid purchase price of Property, all conditional sale obligations of such Person and all obligations of such Person under any title retention agreement to the extent such obligations would appear as a liability upon the balance sheet of such Person prepared in accordance with GAAP (but excluding accrued expenses and trade accounts payable arising in the ordinary course of business);

 

(d) all obligations of such Person for the reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, banker’s acceptance or similar credit transaction (other than obligations with respect to letters of credit

securing obligations (other than obligations described in (a) through (c) above) entered into in the ordinary course of business of such Person to the extent such letters of credit are not drawn upon or, if and to the extent drawn upon, such drawing is reimbursed no later than the third business day following receipt by such Person of a demand for reimbursement following payment on the letter of credit);

 

(e) the amount of all obligations of such Person with respect to the Repayment of any Disqualified Stock or, with respect to any Subsidiary of such Person, any Preferred Stock (but excluding, in each case, any accrued dividends);

 

(f) all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (a) through (e) above of other Persons and all dividends of other Persons for the payment of which, in either case, such Person is responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, as obligor, guarantor or otherwise, including by means of any Guarantee;

 

(g) all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (a) through (f) above of other Persons secured by any Lien on any Property of such Person (whether or not such obligation is assumed by such Person), the amount of such obligation being deemed to be the lesser of the Fair Market Value of such Property at the time of the Incurrence thereof and the amount of the obligation so secured; and

 

(h) to the extent not otherwise included in this definition, Hedging Obligations of such Person under Interest Rate Agreements.

 

The amount of Debt of any Person at any date shall be the outstanding balance, or the accreted value of such Debt in the case of Debt issued with original issue discount, at such date of all unconditional obligations as described above and the maximum liability, upon the occurrence of the contingency giving rise to the obligation, of any contingent obligations at such date. The amount of Debt represented by a Hedging Obligation shall be equal to:

 

(1) zero if such Hedging Obligation has been Incurred pursuant to clause (f), (g) or (h) of the second paragraph of the covenant described under “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Debt”; or

 

(2) the notional amount of such Hedging Obligation if not Incurred pursuant to such clauses.

 

“Default” means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.

 

“Designated Senior Debt” means:

 

(a) any Senior Debt that has, at the time of determination, an aggregate principal amount outstanding of at least $25.0 million (including the amount of all undrawn commitments and matured and contingent reimbursement obligations pursuant to letters of credit thereunder) that is specifically designated in the instrument evidencing such Senior Debt and is designated in a notice delivered by U.S. Concrete to the holders or a Representative of the holders of such Senior Debt and in an Officers’ Certificate delivered to the Trustee as “Designated Senior Debt” of U.S. Concrete for purposes of the indenture, and

 

(b) any Senior Debt outstanding under the New Credit Facility.

 

“Disqualified Stock” means any Capital Stock of U.S. Concrete or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries that by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable, in either case at the option of the holder thereof) or otherwise:

 

(a) matures or is mandatorily redeemable pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise;

 

(b) is or may become redeemable or repurchaseable at the option of the holder thereof, in whole or in part; or

 

(c) is convertible or exchangeable at the option of the holder thereof for Debt or Disqualified Stock;

 

on or prior to, in the case of clause (a), (b) or (c), the first anniversary of the Stated Maturity of the notes.

 

“Disqualified Stock Dividends” means all dividends with respect to Disqualified Stock of U.S. Concrete held by Persons other than a Restricted Subsidiary. The amount of any such dividend shall be equal to the

quotient of such dividend divided by the difference between one and the maximum statutory federal income tax rate (expressed as a decimal number between 1 and 0) then applicable to U.S. Concrete.

 

“Domestic Restricted Subsidiary” means any Restricted Subsidiary other than (a) a Foreign Restricted Subsidiary or (b) a Subsidiary of a Foreign Restricted Subsidiary.

 

“EBITDA” means, for any period, an amount equal to, for U.S. Concrete and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries:

 

(a) the sum of Consolidated Net Income for such period, plus the following to the extent reducing Consolidated Net Income for such period:

 

(1) the provision for taxes based on income or profits or utilized in computing net loss;

 

(2) Consolidated Interest Expense;

 

(3) depreciation;

 

(4) depletion;

 

(5) amortization; and

 

(6) any other non-cash items (other than any such non-cash item to the extent that it represents an accrual of, or reserve for, cash expenditures in any future period); minus

 

(b) all non-cash items to the extent such items increased Consolidated Net Income for such period (other than any such non-cash item to the extent that it will result in the receipt of cash payments in any future period).

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing clause (a), the provision for taxes and the depreciation, amortization and non-cash items of a Restricted Subsidiary shall be added to Consolidated Net Income to compute EBITDA only to the extent (and in the same proportion) that the net income of such Restricted Subsidiary was included in calculating Consolidated Net Income and only if a corresponding amount would be permitted at the date of determination to be dividended to U.S. Concrete by such Restricted Subsidiary without prior approval (that has not been obtained), pursuant to the terms of its charter and all agreements, instruments, judgments, decrees, orders, statutes, rules and governmental regulations applicable to such Restricted Subsidiary or its shareholders.

 

“Equity Offering” means any public or private offering of common stock of U.S. Concrete.

 

“Event of Default” has the meaning set forth under “Events of Default.”

 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

“Fair Market Value” means, with respect to any Property, the price that could be negotiated in an arm’s-length transaction, for cash, between a willing seller and a willing buyer, neither of whom is under undue pressure or compulsion to complete the transaction. Fair Market Value shall be determined, except as otherwise provided;

 

(a) if such Property has a Fair Market Value equal to or less than $10.0 million, by any Officer of U.S. Concrete; or

 

(b) if such Property has a Fair Market Value in excess of $10.0 million, by the Board of Directors of U.S. Concrete acting in good faith.

 

“Foreign Restricted Subsidiary” means any Restricted Subsidiary which is not organized under the laws of the United States of America or any State thereof or the District of Columbia.

 

“GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles as in effect from time to time, including those set forth in:

 

(a) the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants;

(b) the statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board;

 

(c) such other statements by such other entity as approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession; and

 

(d) the rules and regulations of the Commission governing the inclusion of financial statements (including pro forma financial statements) in periodic reports required to be filed pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act, including opinions and pronouncements in staff accounting bulletins and similar written statements from the accounting staff of the Commission.

 

“Guarantee” means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of any Person directly or indirectly guaranteeing any Debt of any other Person and any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person:

 

(a) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Debt of such other Person (whether arising by virtue of partnership arrangements, or by agreements to keep-well, to maintain financial statement conditions or otherwise); or

 

(b) entered into for the purpose of assuring in any other manner the obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part);

 

provided, however, that the term “Guarantee” shall not include:

 

(1) endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business;

 

(2) a contractual commitment by one Person to invest in another Person for so long as such Investment is reasonably expected to constitute a Permitted Investment under clause (a), (b) or (c) of the definition of “Permitted Investment”; or

 

(3) a Lien on the Property of one Person to secure an obligation of another Person, which obligation the first Person has not assumed, Incurred or otherwise (other than through the operation of such Lien) become liable for.

 

The term “Guarantee” used as a verb has a corresponding meaning. The term “Guarantor” shall mean any Person providing a Guarantee.

 

“Hedging Obligation” of any Person means any hedging obligation of such Person pursuant to any Interest Rate Agreement, Currency Exchange Protection Agreement or Commodity Price Protection Agreement.

 

“holder” means a Person in whose name a note is registered in the Security Register.

 

“Incur” means, with respect to any Debt or other obligation of any Person, to create, issue, incur (by merger, conversion, exchange or otherwise), extend, assume, Guarantee or become liable in respect of such Debt or other obligation or the recording, as required pursuant to GAAP or otherwise, of any such Debt or obligation on the balance sheet of such Person (and “Incurrence” and “Incurred” shall have meanings correlative to the foregoing); provided that a change in GAAP that results in an obligation of such Person that exists at such time, and is not theretofore classified as Debt, becoming Debt shall not be deemed an Incurrence of such Debt; provided further, that any Debt or other obligations of a Person existing at the time such Person becomes a Subsidiary (whether by merger, consolidation, acquisition or otherwise) shall be deemed to be Incurred by such Subsidiary at the time it becomes a Subsidiary. Solely for purposes of determining compliance with the covenant described under “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Debt,” the amortization of debt discount shall not be deemed to be the Incurrence of Debt; provided that in the case of Debt sold at a discount, the amount of such Debt Incurred shall at any time be the accreted value of such Debt.

 

“Independent Financial Advisor” means an investment banking firm of national standing or any third party appraiser of national standing; provided that such firm or appraiser is not an Affiliate of U.S. Concrete.

“Interest Rate Agreement” means, for any Person, any interest rate swap agreement, interest rate cap agreement, interest rate collar agreement or other similar agreement designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in interest rates.

 

“Investment” by any Person means any direct or indirect loan, advance or other extension of credit (other than loans, advances or other extensions of credit to customers in the ordinary course of business) or capital contribution (by means of transfers of cash or other Property to others or payments for Property or services for the account or use of others, or otherwise) to, or Incurrence of a Guarantee of any obligation of, or purchase or acquisition of Capital Stock, bonds, notes, debentures or other securities or evidence of Debt issued by, any other Person. For purposes of the covenants described under “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Restricted Payments” and “Certain Covenants — Designation of Restricted and Unrestricted Subsidiaries” and the definition of “Restricted Payment,” the term “Investment” shall include the portion (proportionate to U.S. Concrete’s equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the Fair Market Value of the net assets of any Subsidiary of U.S. Concrete at the time that such Subsidiary is designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that upon a redesignation of such Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary, U.S. Concrete shall be deemed to continue to have a permanent “Investment” in an Unrestricted Subsidiary of an amount (if positive) equal to:

 

(a) U.S. Concrete’s “Investment” in such Subsidiary at the time of such redesignation; less

 

(b) the portion (proportionate to U.S. Concrete’s equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the Fair Market Value of the net assets of such Subsidiary at the time of such redesignation.

 

The term “Investment” shall also include the issuance, sale or other disposition of Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary to a Person other than U.S. Concrete or another Restricted Subsidiary if the result thereof is that such Restricted Subsidiary shall cease to be a Restricted Subsidiary, in which event the amount of such “Investment” shall be the Fair Market Value of the remaining interest, if any, in such former Restricted Subsidiary held by U.S. Concrete and the other Restricted Subsidiaries. In determining the amount of any Investment made by transfer of any Property other than cash, such Property shall be valued at its Fair Market Value at the time of such Investment.

 

“Issue Date” means March 31, 2004.

 

“Lien” means, with respect to any Property of any Person, any mortgage or deed of trust, pledge, hypothecation, assignment, deposit arrangement, security interest, lien, charge, easement (other than any easement not materially impairing usefulness or marketability), encumbrance, preference, priority or other security agreement or preferential arrangement of any kind or nature whatsoever on or with respect to such Property (including any Capital Lease Obligation, conditional sale or other title retention agreement having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing or any Sale and Leaseback Transaction); provided, however, that for the avoidance of doubt, the interest of a Person, owner or lessor under operating leases of Property shall not constitute “Liens” on or in respect of such Property.

 

“Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or any successor to the rating agency business thereof.

 

“Net Available Cash” from any Asset Sale means payments received by U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary from such Asset Sale in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents (including any (i) payments received by way of deferred payment of principal pursuant to a note or installment receivable or otherwise, but only as and when received in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents and (ii) proceeds from the conversion of any other consideration received when converted into cash or Cash Equivalents), in each case net of:

 

(a) all legal, title and recording tax expenses, commissions and other fees and expenses incurred, and all Federal, state, provincial, foreign and local taxes required to be accrued as a liability under GAAP, as a consequence of such Asset Sale;

 

(b) all payments made on or in respect of any Debt that is secured by any Property subject to such Asset Sale (other than with respect to the New Credit Facility), in accordance with the terms of any Lien upon such Property, or which must by its terms, or in order to obtain a necessary consent to such Asset Sale, or by applicable law, be repaid out of the proceeds from such Asset Sale;

(c) all distributions and other payments required to be made to minority interest holders in Subsidiaries or joint ventures as a result of such Asset Sale; and

 

(d) the deduction of appropriate amounts provided by the seller as a reserve, in accordance with GAAP, against any liabilities associated with the Property disposed of in such Asset Sale and retained by U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary after such Asset Sale.

 

“New Credit Facility” means the credit agreement, dated as of March 12, 2004, by and among U.S. Concrete, Citicorp North America, Inc., as Administrative Agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties thereto, including any notes, collateral documents, letters of credit and documentation and guarantees and any appendices, exhibits or schedules to any of the preceding, as any or all such agreements may be in effect from time to time, in each case, as any or all of such agreements (or any other agreement that Refinances any or all of such agreements) may be amended, restated, modified or supplemented from time to time, or renewed, refunded, refinanced, restructured, replaced, repaid or extended from time to time, whether with the original agents and lenders or other agents and lenders or otherwise, and whether provided under the original credit agreement or one or more other credit agreements, indentures or otherwise.

 

“Non-Recourse Debt,” with respect to any Person, means Debt of such Person for which the sole legal recourse for collection of principal and interest on such Debt is against the specific property identified in the instruments evidencing or securing such Debt, and such property was acquired with the proceeds of such Debt, or such Debt was Incurred within 365 days after the later of the acquisition, construction, completion or commercial operation of such property.

 

“Officer” means the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer or any Vice President of U.S. Concrete.

 

“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers of U.S. Concrete, at least one of whom shall be the principal executive officer or principal financial officer of U.S. Concrete, and delivered to the Trustee.

 

“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion from legal counsel who is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to U.S. Concrete or the Trustee.

 

“Permitted Business” means any of the businesses in which U.S. Concrete and the Restricted Subsidiaries are engaged in on the Issue Date and any business that is related, incidental, ancillary or complementary thereto.

 

“Permitted Investment” means any Investment by U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary in:

 

(a) U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary;

 

(b) any Person that will, upon the making of such Investment, become a Restricted Subsidiary; provided that the primary business of such Restricted Subsidiary is a Permitted Business;

 

(c) any Person if as a result of such Investment such Person is merged or consolidated with or into, or transfers or conveys all or substantially all its Property to, U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary; provided that such Person’s primary business is a Permitted Business;

 

(d) Cash Equivalents;

 

(e) (i) receivables owing to U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary and contracts in progress of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary, in either case if created or acquired in the ordinary course of business, (ii) prepaid expenses and deposits created or made in the ordinary course of business and (iii) endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business;

 

(f) payroll, travel and similar advances to cover matters that are expected at the time of such advances ultimately to be treated as expenses for accounting purposes and that are made in the ordinary course of business;

(g) loans and advances to employees made in the ordinary course of business; provided that such loans and advances do not exceed $2.0 million in the aggregate at any one time outstanding;

 

(h) stock, obligations or other securities received in settlement of debts created in the ordinary course of business and owing to U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary, or by reason of a composition or readjustment of debts or reorganization of another Person, or in settlement or satisfaction of claims or judgments;

 

(i) any Person to the extent such Investment represents the non-cash portion of the consideration received in connection with (A) an Asset Sale consummated in compliance with the covenant described under “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Asset Sales,” or (B) any disposition of Property not constituting an Asset Sale;

 

(j) Investments in Permitted Joint Ventures (including in the form of Guarantees of the Debt of a Permitted Joint Venture); provided that the aggregate amount of such Investments made pursuant to this clause (j) shall not exceed the greater of (A) $20.0 million or (B) 10% of Consolidated Tangible Assets at any one time outstanding; and

 

(k) Hedging Obligations otherwise permitted under the indenture;

 

(l) any acquisition of assets or Capital Stock solely in exchange for the, or out of the net cash proceeds of a substantially concurrent, issuance of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Capital Stock) of U.S. Concrete;

 

(m) memberships in trade or professional associations; and

 

(n) other Investments made for Fair Market Value that do not exceed $5.0 million in the aggregate outstanding at any one time.

 

“Permitted Joint Ventures” means any Person which is not a Subsidiary and is, directly or indirectly, through its subsidiaries or otherwise, engaged principally in a Permitted Business, and the Capital Stock of which is owned by U.S. Concrete or its Restricted Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and one or more other Persons other than U.S. Concrete or an Affiliate of U.S. Concrete, on the other hand.

 

“Permitted Junior Securities” means:

 

(a) Capital Stock in U.S. Concrete or any Subsidiary Guarantor of the notes; or

 

(b) debt securities that are subordinated to all Senior Debt and debt securities that are issued in exchange for Senior Debt to substantially the same extent as, or to a greater extent than, the new notes and the Subsidiary Guarantees are subordinated to Senior Debt under the indenture and have a Stated Maturity after (and do not provide for scheduled principal payments prior to) the Stated Maturity of any Senior Debt and any debt securities issued in exchange for Senior Debt;

 

provided, however, that, if such Capital Stock or debt securities are distributed in a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding, such Capital Stock or debt securities are distributed pursuant to a plan of reorganization consented to by each class of Designated Senior Debt.

 

“Permitted Liens” means:

 

(a) Liens in favor of U.S. Concrete or any Subsidiary Guarantor;

 

(b) Liens for taxes, assessments or governmental charges or levies on the Property of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary if the same shall not at the time be delinquent or thereafter can be paid without penalty, or are being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings promptly instituted and diligently concluded; provided that any reserve or other appropriate provision that shall be required in conformity with GAAP shall have been made therefor;

 

(c) Liens imposed by law, such as landlords’, carriers’, vendors’, laborers’, warehousemen’s, mechanics’ or employees’ Liens and similar Liens, on the Property of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted

Subsidiary arising in the ordinary course of business and securing payment of obligations that are not more than 60 days past due or are being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings;

 

(d) Liens on the Property of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary Incurred in the ordinary course of business to secure appeal, bid, tender or performance obligations with respect to statutory or regulatory requirements, performance or return-of-money bonds, surety bonds, letters of credit or other obligations of a like nature and Incurred in a manner consistent with industry practice, in each case which are not Incurred in connection with the borrowing of money and which do not in the aggregate impair in any material respect the use of Property in the operation of the business of U.S. Concrete and the Restricted Subsidiaries taken as a whole;

 

(e) Liens on Property at the time U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary acquired such Property, including any acquisition by means of a merger or consolidation with or into U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that any such Lien may not extend to any other Property of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary; provided further, however, that such Liens shall not have been Incurred in anticipation of or in connection with the transaction or series of transactions pursuant to which such Property was acquired by U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary;

 

(f) Liens on the Property of a Person at the time such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that any such Lien may not extend to any other Property of U.S. Concrete or any other Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Subsidiary of such Person; provided further, however, that any such Lien was not Incurred in anticipation of or in connection with the transaction or series of transactions pursuant to which such Person became a Restricted Subsidiary;

 

(g) pledges or deposits by U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary under workers’ compensation laws, unemployment insurance laws or similar legislation, or good faith deposits in connection with bids, tenders, contracts (other than for the payment of Debt) or leases to which U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary is party, or to secure public or statutory obligations (including such obligations with respect to self-insurance programs), surety bonds, customs duties and the like, or for the payment of rent, in each case Incurred in the ordinary course of business;

 

(h) survey exceptions, easements, building or zoning restrictions and such other encumbrances, charges or rights of others against real Property as are of a nature generally existing with respect to properties of a similar character;

 

(i) licenses or leases or subleases as licensor, lessor or sublessor of any Property of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary, including intellectual property, in the ordinary course of business;

 

(j) customary Liens in favor of trustees and escrow agents, and netting and setoff rights, banker’s liens and the like in favor of financial institutions and counterparties to financial obligations and instruments, including Hedging Obligations;

 

(k) any pledge of the Capital Stock of an Unrestricted Subsidiary to secure Debt or other obligations of such Unrestricted Subsidiary, to the extent such pledge constitutes an Investment permitted under the covenant described above under the caption “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Restricted Payments”;

 

(l) judgment liens, and Liens securing appeal bonds or letters of credit issued in support of or in lieu of appeal bonds, so long as no Event of Default then exists under clause (6) of “— Events of Default”;

 

(m) Liens existing on the Issue Date not otherwise described in clauses (a) through (l) above;

 

(n) Liens on the Property of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary to secure any Refinancing, in whole or in part, of any Debt secured by Liens referred to in clause (b), (g), (h) or (m) above; provided, however, that any such Lien shall be limited to all or part of the same Property that secured the

original Lien (together with improvements and accessions to such Property), and the aggregate principal amount of Debt that is secured by such Lien shall not be increased to an amount greater than the sum of:

 

(1) the outstanding principal amount, or, if greater, the committed amount, of the Debt secured by Liens described under clause (b), (g), (h) or (m) above, as the case may be, at the time the original Lien became a Permitted Lien under the indenture; and

 

(2) an amount necessary to pay any fees and expenses, including premiums and defeasance costs, incurred by U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary in connection with such Refinancing; and

 

(o) Liens not otherwise permitted by clauses (a) through (n) above encumbering Property having an aggregate Fair Market Value not in excess of $5.0 million.

 

“Permitted Refinancing Debt” means any Debt that Refinances any other Debt, including any successive Refinancings, so long as:

 

(a) such Debt is in an aggregate principal amount (or if Incurred with original issue discount, an aggregate issue price) not in excess of the sum of:

 

(1) the aggregate principal amount (or if Incurred with original issue discount, the aggregate accreted value) then outstanding of the Debt being Refinanced; and

 

(2) an amount necessary to pay any fees and expenses, including premiums and defeasance costs, related to such Refinancing;

 

(b) the Average Life of such Debt is equal to or greater than the Average Life of the Debt being Refinanced at the time of the Refinancing;

 

(c) the Stated Maturity of such Debt is no earlier than the Stated Maturity of the Debt being Refinanced; and

 

(d) the new Debt shall not be senior in right of payment to the Debt that is being Refinanced;

 

provided, however, that Permitted Refinancing Debt shall not include:

 

(x) Debt of a Subsidiary that is not a Subsidiary Guarantor that Refinances Debt of U.S. Concrete or a Subsidiary Guarantor; or

 

(y) Debt of U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary that Refinances Debt of an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

 

“Person” means any individual, corporation, company (including any limited liability company), association, partnership, joint venture, business trust, unincorporated organization, government or any agency or political subdivision thereof or any other entity.

 

“Preferred Stock” means any Capital Stock of a Person, however designated, which entitles the holder thereof to a preference with respect to the payment of dividends, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution of such Person, over shares of any other class of Capital Stock issued by such Person.

 

“Preferred Stock Dividends” means all dividends with respect to Preferred Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries held by Persons other than U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary. The amount of any such dividend shall be equal to the quotient of such dividend divided by the difference between one and the maximum statutory federal income rate (expressed as a decimal number between 1 and 0) then applicable to the issuer of such Preferred Stock.

 

“pro forma” means, with respect to any calculation made or required to be made pursuant to the terms hereof, a calculation performed in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act, as interpreted in good faith by the Board of Directors after consultation with the independent certified public accountants of U.S. Concrete, or otherwise a calculation made in good faith by the Board of

Directors after consultation with the independent certified public accountants of U.S. Concrete, as the case may be.

 

“Property” means, with respect to any Person, any interest of such Person in any kind of property or asset, whether real, personal or mixed, or tangible or intangible, including Capital Stock in, and other securities of, any other Person. For purposes of any calculation required pursuant to the indenture, the value of any Property shall be its Fair Market Value.

 

“Purchase Money Debt” means Debt:

 

(a) consisting of the deferred purchase price of Property, conditional sale obligations, obligations under any title retention agreement, other purchase money obligations and obligations in respect of industrial revenue bonds, in each case where the maturity of such Debt does not exceed the anticipated useful life of the Property being financed; and

 

(b) Incurred to finance the acquisition, construction or lease by U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary of such Property, including additions and improvements thereto;

 

provided, however, that such Debt is not Incurred after the date that is 365 days from the date of the acquisition, completion of construction or lease or commercial operation of such Property by U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary.

 

“Refinance” means, in respect of any Debt, to refinance, extend, renew, refund or Repay, or to issue other Debt, in exchange or replacement for, such Debt. “Refinanced” and “Refinancing” shall have correlative meanings.

 

“Repay” means, in respect of any Debt, to repay, prepay, repurchase, redeem, legally defease or otherwise retire such Debt. “Repayment” and “Repaid” shall have correlative meanings. For purposes of the covenant described under “Certain Covenants — Limitation on Asset Sales” and the definition of “— Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio,” Debt under a revolving credit facility shall be considered to have been Repaid only to the extent the related loan commitment, if any, shall have been permanently reduced in connection therewith.

 

“Representative” means the trustee, agent or representative expressly authorized to act in such capacity, if any, for an issue of Senior Debt.

 

“Restricted Payment” means:

 

(a) any dividend or distribution (whether made in cash, securities or other Property) declared or paid on or with respect to any shares of Capital Stock of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary, or to the direct or indirect holders of U.S. Concrete’s Capital Stock (including any payments made to the holders of shares of Capital Stock of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary in connection with any merger or consolidation with or into U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary) in their capacity as such, except for any dividend or distribution that is made solely to U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary (and, if such Restricted Subsidiary is not a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary, to the other shareholders of such Restricted Subsidiary on a pro rata basis or on a basis that results in the receipt by U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary of dividends or distributions of greater value than it would receive on a pro rata basis) or any dividend or distribution payable solely in shares of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of U.S. Concrete;

 

(b) the purchase, repurchase, redemption, acquisition or retirement for value of any Capital Stock of U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary (other than from U.S. Concrete or a Restricted Subsidiary) or any Capital Stock of any direct or indirect parent of U.S. Concrete or any securities exchangeable for or convertible into any such Capital Stock, including the exercise of any option to exchange any Capital Stock (other than for or into Capital Stock of U.S. Concrete that is not Disqualified Stock);

 

(c) the purchase, repurchase, redemption, acquisition or retirement for value, prior to the date for any scheduled maturity, sinking fund or amortization or other installment payment, of any Subordinated Obligation (other than the purchase, repurchase or other acquisition of any Subordinated Obligation

purchased in anticipation of satisfying a scheduled maturity, sinking fund or amortization or other installment obligation, in each case due within one year of the date of acquisition); or

 

(d) any Investment (other than Permitted Investments) in any Person.

 

“Restricted Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary of U.S. Concrete other than an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

 

“S&P” means Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group, a subsidiary of McGraw Hill, Inc., or any successor to the rating agency business thereof.

 

“Sale and Leaseback Transaction” means any arrangement entered into by U.S. Concrete or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries with any Person providing for the leasing to U.S. Concrete or any Restricted Subsidiary of any Property (except for temporary leases for a term, including any renewal thereof, of not more than 180 days and except for leases between U.S. Concrete and a Restricted Subsidiary or between Restricted Subsidiaries), which Property has been or is to be sold or transferred by U.S. Concrete or such Restricted Subsidiary to such Person.

 

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

“Senior Debt” of U.S. Concrete means:

 

(a) all obligations consisting of the principal, premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest (including interest accruing on or after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy or for reorganization relating to U.S. Concrete whether or not post-filing interest is allowed in such proceeding) in respect of:

 

(1) Debt of U.S. Concrete for borrowed money (including, without limitation, under the New Credit Facility); and

 

(2) Debt of U.S. Concrete evidenced by notes, debentures, bonds or other similar instruments permitted under the indenture for the payment of which U.S. Concrete is responsible or liable;

 

(b) all Capital Lease Obligations of U.S. Concrete and all Attributable Debt in respect of Sale and Leaseback Transactions entered into by U.S. Concrete;

 

(c) all obligations of U.S. Concrete (including, without limitation, under the New Credit Facility);

 

(1) for the reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, banker’s acceptance or similar credit transaction;

 

(2) under Hedging Obligations; or

 

(3) issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of Property and all conditional sale obligations of U.S. Concrete and all obligations under any title retention agreement permitted under the indenture; and

 

(d) all obligations of other Persons of the type referred to in clause (a), (b) or (c) for the payment of which U.S. Concrete is responsible or liable as Guarantor;

 

provided, however, that Senior Debt does not include:

 

(A) Debt of U.S. Concrete that is by its terms subordinate or equal in right of payment in right of payment to the notes, including any Senior Subordinated Debt or any Subordinated Obligations;

 

(B) any Debt Incurred in violation of the provisions of the indenture;

 

(C) accounts payable or any other obligations of U.S. Concrete to trade creditors created or assumed by U.S. Concrete in the ordinary course of business in connection with the obtaining of materials or services (including Guarantees thereof or instruments evidencing such liabilities);

 

(D) any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes owed or owing by U.S. Concrete;

 

(E) any obligation of U.S. Concrete to any Subsidiary; or

 

(F) any obligations with respect to any Capital Stock of U.S. Concrete.

To the extent that any payment of Senior Debt (whether by or on behalf of U.S. Concrete as proceeds of security or enforcement or any right of setoff or otherwise) is declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required to be paid to a trustee, receiver or other similar party under any bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar law, then if such payment is recovered by, or paid over to, such trustee, receiver or other similar party, the Senior Debt or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be deemed to be reinstated and outstanding as if such payment had not occurred.

 

“Senior Debt” of any Subsidiary Guarantor has a correlative meaning.

 

“Senior Subordinated Debt” of U.S. Concrete means the notes and any other subordinated Debt of U.S. Concrete that specifically provides that such Debt is to rank equally in right of payment with the notes and is not subordinated by its terms to any other subordinated Debt or other obligation of U.S. Concrete which is not Senior Debt. “Senior Subordinated Debt” of any Subsidiary Guarantor has a correlative meaning.

 

“Significant Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary that would be a “significant subsidiary” of U.S. Concrete within the meaning of Rule 1-02 under Regulation S-X promulgated by the Commission.

 

“Stated Maturity” means, with respect to any security, the date specified in such security as the fixed date on which the payment of principal of such security is due and payable, including pursuant to any mandatory redemption provision (but excluding any provision providing for the repurchase of such security at the option of the holder thereof upon the happening of any contingency beyond the control of the issuer unless such contingency has occurred).

 

“Subordinated Obligation” means any Debt of U.S. Concrete or any Subsidiary Guarantor (whether outstanding on the Issue Date or thereafter Incurred) that is subordinate or junior in right of payment to the notes or the applicable Subsidiary Guarantee pursuant to a written agreement to that effect.

 

“Subsidiary” means, in respect of any Person, any corporation, company (including any limited liability company), association, partnership, joint venture or other business entity of which at least a majority of the total voting power of the Voting Stock is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by:

 

(a) such Person;

 

(b) such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person; or

 

(c) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.

 

Unless otherwise specified, “Subsidiary” means a subsidiary of U.S. Concrete.

 

“Subsidiary Guarantor” means each Domestic Restricted Subsidiary and any other Person that becomes a Subsidiary Guarantor pursuant to the covenant described under “Certain Covenants — Future Subsidiary Guarantors” or who otherwise executes and delivers a supplemental indenture to the Trustee providing for a Subsidiary Guarantee.

 

“Subsidiary Guarantee” means a Guarantee on the terms set forth in the indenture by a Subsidiary Guarantor of U.S. Concrete’s obligations with respect to the notes.

 

“Surviving Person” means the surviving Person formed by a merger, consolidation or amalgamation and, for purposes of the covenant described under “Certain Covenants — Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Property,” a Person to whom all or substantially all of the Property of U.S. Concrete or a Subsidiary Guarantor is sold, transferred, assigned, leased, conveyed or otherwise disposed.

 

“Unrestricted Subsidiary” means:

 

(a) any Subsidiary of U.S. Concrete that is designated after the Issue Date as an Unrestricted Subsidiary as permitted or required pursuant to the covenant described under “Certain Covenants — Designation of Restricted and Unrestricted Subsidiaries” and is not thereafter redesignated as a Restricted Subsidiary as permitted pursuant thereto; and

 

(b) any Subsidiary of an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

“U.S. Government Obligations” means obligations issued or directly and fully guaranteed or insured (or certificates representing an ownership interest in such obligations) of the United States of America (including any agency or instrumentality thereof) for the payment of which the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged.

 

“Voting Stock” of any Person means all classes of Capital Stock or other interests (including partnership interests) of such Person then outstanding and normally entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or other voting members of the governing body of such Person.

 

“Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary” means, at any time, a Restricted Subsidiary all the Voting Stock of which (except directors’ qualifying shares) is at such time owned, directly or indirectly, by U.S. Concrete and its other Wholly Owned Subsidiaries.

 

Book-Entry System

 

The new notes will be initially issued in the form of one or more Global Securities registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee.

 

Upon the issuance of a Global Security, DTC or its nominee will credit the accounts of Persons holding through it with the respective principal amounts of the new notes represented by such Global Security purchased by such Persons in the Offering. Such accounts shall be designated by the initial purchasers. Ownership of beneficial interests in a Global Security will be limited to Persons that have accounts with DTC (“participants”) or Persons that may hold interests through participants. Any Person acquiring an interest in a Global Security through an offshore transaction in reliance on Regulation S of the Securities Act may hold such interest through Clearstream Banking, S.A. or Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., as operator of the Euroclear System. Ownership of beneficial interests in a Global Security will be shown on, and the transfer of that ownership interest will be effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to participants’ interests) and such participants (with respect to the owners of beneficial interests in such Global Security other than participants). The laws of some jurisdictions require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. Such limits and such laws may impair the ability to transfer beneficial interests in a Global Security.

 

Payment of principal of and interest on new notes represented by a Global Security will be made in immediately available funds to DTC or its nominee, as the case may be, as the sole registered owner and the sole holder of the new notes represented thereby under the indenture. We have been advised by DTC that upon receipt of any payment of principal of or interest on any Global Security, DTC will immediately credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the accounts of participants with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the principal or face amount of such Global Security as shown on the records of DTC. Payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security held through such participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices as is now the case with securities held for customer accounts registered in “street name” and will be the sole responsibility of such participants.

 

A Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by DTC or a nominee of DTC to a nominee of DTC or to DTC. A Global Security is exchangeable for certificated new notes only if:

 

(a) DTC notifies U.S. Concrete that it is unwilling or unable to continue as a depositary for such Global Security or if at any time DTC ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act;

 

(b) U.S. Concrete in its discretion at any time determines not to have all the new notes represented by such Global Security; or

 

(c) there shall have occurred and be continuing a Default or an Event of Default with respect to the new notes represented by such Global Security.

 

Any Global Security that is exchangeable for certificated new notes pursuant to the preceding sentence will be exchanged for certificated new notes in authorized denominations and registered in such names as

DTC or any successor depositary holding such Global Security may direct. Subject to the foregoing, a Global Security is not exchangeable, except for a Global Security of like denomination to be registered in the name of DTC or any successor depositary or its nominee. In the event that a Global Security becomes exchangeable for certificated new notes,

 

(a) certificated new notes will be issued only in fully registered form in denominations of $1,000 or integral multiples thereof;

 

(b) payment of principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on, the certificated new notes will be payable, and the transfer of the certificated new notes will be registrable, at our office or agency maintained for such purposes; and

 

(c) no service charge will be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of the certificated new notes, although we may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge imposed in connection therewith.

 

So long as DTC or any successor depositary for a Global Security, or any nominee, is the registered owner of such Global Security, DTC or such successor depositary or nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the new notes represented by such Global Security under the indenture and the new notes. Except as set forth above, owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security will not be entitled to have the new notes represented by such Global Security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of certificated new notes in definitive form and will not be considered to be the owners or holders of any new notes under such Global Security. Accordingly, each Person owning a beneficial interest in a Global Security must rely on the procedures of DTC or any successor depositary, and, if such Person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which such Person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the indenture. We understand that under existing industry practices, in the event that we request any action of holders or that an owner of a beneficial interest in a Global

 

Security desires to give or take any action which a holder is entitled to give or take under the indenture, DTC or any successor depositary would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interest to give or take such action and such participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through such participants to give or take such action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners owning through them.

 

DTC has advised us that DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a “clearing agency” registered under the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC was created to hold the securities of its participants and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among its participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers (which may include the initial purchasers), banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations some of whom (or their representatives) own DTC. Access to DTC’s book-entry system is also available to others, such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies, that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a participant, either directly or indirectly.

 

Although DTC has agreed to the foregoing procedures in order to facilitate transfers of interests in Global Securities among participants of DTC, it is under no obligation to perform or continue to perform such procedures, and such procedures may be discontinued at any time. None of us, the Trustee or the initial purchasers will have any responsibility for the performance by DTC or its participants or indirect participants of their respective obligations under the rules and procedures governing their operations.

 

Registration Rights

 

U.S. Concrete, the Subsidiary Guarantors and the initial purchasers entered into a registration rights agreement on the closing date of the offering of the outstanding old notes. In the registration rights agreement,

U.S. Concrete and the Subsidiary Guarantors agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to prepare and file a registration statement relating to the exchange offer or a shelf registration statement with the SEC and to use their respective commercially reasonable efforts to have it declared effective within 180 days after issuing the outstanding old notes. U.S. Concrete and the Subsidiary Guarantors also agreed to use their best efforts to cause the exchange offer registration statement to be effective continuously, to keep the exchange offer for the outstanding old notes open for a period of not less than 20 business days and to cause the exchange offer to be consummated no later than the 45th business day after the exchange offer registration statement is declared effective by the SEC. We are conducting this exchange offer pursuant to the terms and conditions we agreed to in the registration rights agreement. See “The Exchange Offer” for further information about the exchange offer.

 

If you do not exchange your outstanding old notes in the exchange offer, you will no longer be entitled to registration rights. You will not be able to offer or sell the outstanding old notes unless they are later registered, sold pursuant to an exemption from registration or sold in a transaction not subject to the Securities Act or state securities laws. Other than in connection with the exchange offer or in the very limited circumstances as specified in the registration rights agreement, we are not obligated to, nor do we currently anticipate that we will register the outstanding old notes under the Securities Act.

 

The following discussion is a summary of certain United States federal income tax considerations relating to the acquisition, ownership or disposition of the new notes which does not purport to be a complete analysis of all such tax considerations. This summary is based on the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), Treasury regulations, rulings and pronouncements of the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), and judicial decisions existing as of the date of this prospectus. These authorities may be changed, perhaps retroactively, so as to result in United States federal income tax consequences that are not the same as those that are set out below. We have not sought any ruling from the IRS regarding the statements that we make in the following discussion, and we cannot assure you that the IRS will agree with such statements.

 

This summary assumes that the new notes are held as capital assets by persons who receive the new notes in exchange for outstanding old notes pursuant to the offer that is made by this prospectus. This summary does not address the tax considerations arising under the laws of any foreign, state or local jurisdiction or the effect of any tax treaty. In addition, this discussion does not address tax considerations that are the result of a holder’s particular circumstances or of special rules, such as those that apply to holders who are subject to the alternative minimum tax, banks, tax exempt organizations, certain foreign corporations, insurance companies, dealers or traders in securities or commodities, financial institutions, U.S. holders (as defined below) whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar, or persons who will hold the new notes as a position in a “straddle,” “conversion transaction” or other hedging transaction. If a partnership holds new notes, then the income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Such a partner should consult its tax advisor as to its tax consequences.

 

To ensure compliance with United States Internal Revenue Service Circular 230, we report that (i) the discussion of United States federal tax considerations set forth herein was written in connection with the transactions or matters addressed herein, (ii) was not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used by any holder for the purpose of avoiding any penalty under United States federal, state or local tax laws or regulations and (iii) a holder should seek advice based on its particular circumstances from an independent tax advisor.

 

This discussion of certain United States federal income tax considerations is for general information only and is not tax advice. We urge you to consult your tax advisor for advice regarding the application of United States federal tax laws to your particular situation as well as to any tax consequences under the laws of any state, local, foreign or other taxing jurisdiction and under any applicable tax treaty.

 

Exchange Offer

 

The receipt of new notes in exchange for outstanding old notes pursuant to the offer that is made by this prospectus will not constitute a taxable exchange. As a result, you should not recognize a taxable gain or loss as a result of receiving new notes in exchange for your outstanding old notes, the holding period of the new notes should include the holding period of the outstanding old notes exchanged therefor; and the adjusted tax basis of the new notes should be the same as the adjusted tax basis of the outstanding old notes exchanged therefor immediately before the exchange.

 

Consequences to U.S. Holders

 

The following is a summary of certain United States federal income tax considerations that will apply to you if you are a U.S. holder of the new notes. For these purposes, a “U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of a new note who is a citizen or resident of the United States, a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision of the United States, an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source, or a trust (1) if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) that has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.

Payments of Interest

 

Stated interest on the new notes will be taxable to you as ordinary income at the time it is paid or accrues in accordance with your method of accounting for federal income tax purposes. In certain circumstances (see “Description of the New Notes — Principal, Maturity and Interest,” “Description of the New Notes — Optional Redemption” and “Description of the New Notes — Repurchase at the Option of Holders Upon a Change of Control”) we may pay amounts on the new notes that are in excess of stated interest or principal of the new notes. We believe that as to each such contingent payment that the possibility that such contingent payment will be made is remote and will not therefore affect the timing or amount of interest income that you recognize until any such additional payment is made or that such contingent payment does not have any such effect under the applicable regulations. Our determination that these contingencies are remote is binding on you unless you disclose your contrary position to the IRS in the manner that is required by applicable Treasury regulations. Our determination is not, however, binding on the IRS, and if the IRS were to challenge this determination, you might be required to recognize additional income on your new notes and to treat as ordinary income, rather than as capital gain, any income that you recognize on the taxable disposition of a new note before the resolution of the contingencies.

 

Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Disposition of New Notes

 

You will generally recognize gain or loss on the sale, exchange, redemption or other disposition of a new note that is equal to the difference between the amount realized (less an amount that will be taxable as ordinary income that is attributable to any accrued and unpaid interest on the new note that you have not previously included in income) and your adjusted tax basis in the new note. Any gain or loss that is recognized on the disposition of a new note will be capital gain or loss, and will be a long-term capital gain or loss if you have held the new note for more than one year. If you are not a corporation, then any long-term capital gain will be subject to United States federal income tax at a reduced rate. Your ability to deduct capital losses is subject to statutory limitations.

 

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

 

In general, information reporting is required as to certain payments of principal and interest on the new notes and on the proceeds of the disposition of a new note unless you are a corporation or other exempt person.

 

In addition, you will be subject to a backup withholding tax if you are not exempt and you fail to furnish your taxpayer identification number (which, for an individual, is ordinarily his or her social security number), you furnish an incorrect taxpayer identification number, you are notified by the IRS that you have failed to report properly payments of interest or dividends, or you fail to certify, under penalties of perjury, that you have furnished a correct taxpayer identification number and that the IRS has not notified you that you are subject to backup withholding. Any amount that is withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or a credit against your United States federal income tax liability provided that you timely provide certain information to the IRS.

 

Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders

 

The following is a summary of certain United States federal income tax considerations that apply to a beneficial owner of new notes who is an individual but who is not a citizen or resident of the United States, within the meaning of Section 7701(b) of the Internal Revenue Code (a “nonresident alien”), or who is a foreign corporation as to the United States, within the meaning of Section 7701(a) of the Internal Revenue Code. If you are not a U.S. holder, a nonresident alien or such a foreign corporation, then you should discuss the United States federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of a new note with your tax advisor.

Under the portfolio interest exemption, interest on a new note that you receive will not be subject to United States federal income tax or withholding if the interest is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States by you and you:

 

 

the United States person who would otherwise be required to deduct and withhold tax from the interest payment receives a statement (which meets the requirements of Section 871(h)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code and the applicable Treasury regulations) that such person is not a United States person. Such a statement may be provided by you on a properly completed IRS Form W-8BEN or by certain other persons who have received certain information from you. If the portfolio interest exemption is not available to you, then the interest on a new note may be subject to United States federal income tax (which may be collected by withholding) at a rate of 30 percent or any lower rate that is available under any applicable income tax treaty.

 

Interest on a new note that is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States by you is not subject to withholding if you provide a properly completed IRS Form W-8ECI. However, you will generally be subject to United States federal income tax on such interest and on any effectively connected gain on the disposition of the new note on a net income basis at rates that are applicable to a United States person generally. In addition, if you are a foreign corporation, then you will also be subject to any applicable branch profits tax on such interest and on any such gain.

 

You will not be subject to United States federal income tax on any gain realized on the disposition of a new note unless the gain is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States or, if you are an individual, you are present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year in which the disposition occurs and certain other conditions are met.

 

You will not be subject to backup withholding with respect to payments of principal or interest on a new note if you are exempt from withholding tax on interest by reason of the portfolio interest exemption. However, information reporting on IRS Form 1042-S will generally apply to interest payments.

 

Payments of the proceeds from a disposition of a new note that you make to or through a foreign office of a broker will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding, except that information reporting (but generally not backup withholding) may apply to those payments if the broker is:

 

 

Payment of the proceeds from a disposition of a new note that you make to or through the United States office of a broker is generally subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless, in the case of back up withholding, you certify as to your taxpayer identification number or otherwise establish an exemption from information reporting and backup withholding.

You should consult your own tax advisor regarding the application of withholding and backup withholding in your particular circumstance and the availability of and procedure for obtaining an exemption from withholding and backup withholding. Any amount that is withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or credit against your United States federal income tax liability provided that you timely provide certain information to the IRS.

 

The discussion above does not address all aspects of United States federal income taxation or withholding that may be relevant to a beneficial owner of a new note. You should consult your own tax advisor for specific advice concerning the United States federal income tax considerations as to the ownership and disposition of a new note.

 

Based on interpretations by the staff of the SEC in no action letters issued to third parties, we believe that you may transfer new notes issued under the exchange offer in exchange for the outstanding old notes if:

 

 

Broker-dealers receiving new notes in the exchange offer will be subject to a prospectus delivery requirement with respect to resales of the new notes.

 

We believe that you may not transfer new notes issued under the exchange offer in exchange for the outstanding old notes if you are:

 

 

To date, the staff of the SEC has taken the position that participating broker-dealers may fulfill their prospectus delivery requirements with respect to transactions involving an exchange of securities such as this exchange offer, other than a resale of an unsold allotment from the original sale of the outstanding old notes, with the prospectus contained in the exchange offer registration statement.

 

If you wish to exchange your outstanding old notes for new notes in the exchange offer, you will be required to make representations to us as described in “The Exchange Offer — Your Representations to Us” of this prospectus and in the letter of transmittal. In addition, if you are a broker-dealer who receives new notes for your own account in exchange for outstanding old notes that were acquired by you as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities, you will be required to acknowledge that you will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale by you of new notes.

 

This prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by a broker-dealer in connection with resales of new notes received in exchange for outstanding old notes where the outstanding old notes being exchanged were acquired as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities. We have agreed that, beginning on the date of completion of this exchange offer and ending on the close of business one year after the completion of this exchange offer, we will make this prospectus, as amended or supplemented, available to any broker-dealer for use in connection with any such resale. In addition, until          , 2007, all dealers effecting transactions in the new notes may be required to deliver a prospectus.

 

We will not receive any proceeds from any sale of new notes by broker-dealers. New notes received by broker-dealers for their own account pursuant to this exchange offer may be sold from time to time in one or more transactions in the over-the-counter market, in negotiated transactions, through the writing of options on the new notes or a combination of such methods of resale, at market prices prevailing at the time of resale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or negotiated prices. Any such resale may be made directly to purchasers or to or through brokers or dealers who may receive compensation in the form of commissions or concessions from any such broker-dealer and/or the purchasers of any such new notes. Any broker-dealer that resells new notes that were received by it for its own account pursuant to this exchange offer and any broker or dealer that participates in a distribution of such new notes may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and any profit of any such resale of new notes and any commissions or concessions received by any such persons may be deemed to be underwriting compensation under the Securities Act. The letter of transmittal, attached as an exhibit to this prospectus, states that by acknowledging that it will deliver and by delivering a prospectus, a broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act.

For a period of one year after the completion of this exchange offer, we will promptly send additional copies of this prospectus and any amendment or supplement to this prospectus to any broker-dealer that requests such documents in the letter of transmittal. We have agreed to pay all expenses incident to this exchange offer other than commissions or concessions of any brokers or dealers and will indemnify the holders of the outstanding old notes or holders of the new notes (including any broker-dealers) against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

 

Certain legal matters in connection with the offering of the new notes will be passed upon for us by Baker Botts L.L.P., Houston, Texas, counsel for U.S. Concrete, Inc.

 

The consolidated financial statements and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (which is included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting) of U.S. Concrete, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2005 incorporated in this Prospectus by reference to U.S. Concrete Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 15, 2006 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report (which contains an explanatory paragraph that management has excluded two entities, Go-Crete and City Concrete, from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005 because they were acquired by U.S. Concrete in purchase business combinations during 2005; PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP has also excluded Go-Crete and City Concrete from its audit of internal controls over financial reporting) of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, and independent registered public accounting firm.

 

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available over the Internet at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can obtain information about the operation of the SEC’s public reference room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. We make our SEC filings available to the public on our web site, www.us-concrete.com. Information contained on our web site or any other web site is not incorporated into this prospectus and does not constitute a part of this prospectus.

 

We have incorporated by reference information into this prospectus, which means that we are disclosing important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus. We incorporate by reference any future filings made with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (other than information deemed to be furnished and not filed with the SEC), until the exchange offer expires or is terminated:

 

 

You may request a copy of these filings (excluding exhibits), at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address:

U.S. Concrete, Inc.

2925 Briarpark, Suite 1050

Houston, Texas 77042

Telephone: (713) 499-6200

Attention: Corporate Secretary

 

 

U.S. Concrete, Inc.

 

Offer to Exchange

 

83/8% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014

 

for all outstanding

 

83/8% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014

 

Issued on July 5, 2006

 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

 

Until           (90 days after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether of not participating in this exchange offer, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

 

 

 

PART II

 

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

 

 

Delaware corporations

 

Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law permits a corporation to provide in its certificate of incorporation that a director of the corporation shall not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability for any of the following:

 

 

Any repeal or modification of such provisions shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director for or with respect to any acts or omissions of such director occurring prior to such amendment or repeal. Our Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that no director shall be personally liable to us or any of our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.

 

Under Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may indemnify any individual made a party or threatened to be made a party to any type of proceeding, other than an action by or in the right of the corporation, because he or she is or was an officer, director, employee or agent of the corporation or was serving at the request of the corporation as an officer, director, employee or agent of another corporation or entity against expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such proceeding: (1) if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation; or (2) in the case of a criminal proceeding, he or she had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. A corporation may indemnify any individual made a party or threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit brought by or in the right of the corporation because he or she was an officer, director, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or other entity, against expenses actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such action or suit if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, provided that such indemnification will be denied if the individual is found liable to the corporation unless, in such a case, the court determines the person is nonetheless entitled to indemnification for such expenses. A corporation must indemnify a present or former director or officer who successfully defends himself or herself in a proceeding to which he or she was a party because he or she was a director or officer of the corporation against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her. Expenses incurred by an officer or director, or any employees or agents as deemed appropriate by the board of directors, in defending civil or criminal proceedings may be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such proceedings upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation. The Delaware law regarding indemnification and expense advancement is not exclusive of any other rights which may be granted by our certificate of incorporation or bylaws, a vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, agreement or otherwise.

 

Our Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (“Bylaws”) contain indemnification rights for our directors and our officers. Specifically, the Bylaws provide that we shall indemnify our officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted or allowed by the laws of the State of Delaware as it presently exists or as it may hereafter be amended. Further, we may maintain insurance to protect us and any of our directors and officers

or directors or officers of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expense, liability or loss. We may also enter into indemnity agreements with persons who are members of our Board of Directors, our elected officers and with other persons as the Board of Directors may designate.

 

We have entered or intend to enter into indemnity agreements (“Indemnity Agreements”) with each of our present and future directors and officers (individually, the “Indemnitee” and collectively, the “Indemnitees”). Each provides for the indemnification of and the advancing of expenses to the Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. More specifically, each Indemnity Agreement provides (i) that an Indemnitee is automatically entitled to indemnification for expenses to the extent an Indemnitee (including the Indemnitee’s estate, heirs, executors, and administrators) is successful in defending any indemnifiable claim whether on the merits or otherwise, (ii) that an Indemnitee is entitled to the advancement of expenses during the pendency of a proceeding, (iii) that we have the burden of proving that an Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification and negates certain presumptions that may otherwise be drawn against an Indemnitee, (iv) that an indemnitee, in his discretion, may request either the Disinterested Directors (as defined in the Indemnity Agreements) make the determination of entitlement to indemnification or request that Independent Counsel (as defined in the Indemnity Agreements) make such a determination, (v) that an Indemnitee may choose a mechanism through which an Indemnitee may seek court relief in the event it is determined that the Indemnitee would not be entitled to be indemnified and (vi) that an Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred in seeking to collect an indemnity claim or advancement of expenses from us.

 

Indemnitees’ rights under the Indemnity Agreements are not exclusive of any other rights they may have under Delaware Law, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, our Bylaws or otherwise. However, the Indemnity Agreements do prevent double payment.

 

If, in the future, because of changes in Delaware law or otherwise, we determine that the Indemnity Agreements do not provide indemnification to the fullest extent of the Delaware law, we intend to amend such agreements, or enter into new agreements with directors and officers, to provide, in our judgment, for full indemnification.

 

We believe that the Bylaws and the Indemnity Agreements are largely confirmatory of Delaware law. However, the provisions of the Bylaws and the Indemnity Agreements apply to proceedings arising from acts or omissions occurring before or after their respective adoption or execution. In addition, the contract right explicitly created in the Indemnity Agreements gives the Indemnitee protection against a subsequent, adverse change in the indemnification provisions of our Bylaws, such as might occur in the event of a Change of Control (as defined in the Indemnity Agreements). Furthermore, under the Delaware Law, the advance of litigation expenses is discretionary; under the Indemnity Agreements, such advance is mandatory absent a special determination to the contrary. Litigation expenses incurred by an Indemnitee in a proceeding to seek recovery of amounts due under the Indemnity Agreement are recoverable under the Indemnity Agreement if the Indemnitee is successful in whole or in part. In the absence of the Indemnity Agreement, such expenses might not have been recoverable.

 

The following registrants are also corporations incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware: Ready Mix Concrete Company of Knoxville, San Diego Precast Concrete, Inc., Smith Pre-Cast, Inc., Titan Concrete Industries, Inc., B.W.B., Inc. of Michigan, Central Concrete Corp., Concrete XXXI Acquisition, Inc., Concrete XXXII Acquisition, Inc., Concrete XXXIII Acquisition, Inc., Concrete XXXIV Acquisition, Inc., Concrete XXXV Acquisition, Inc., Concrete XXXVI Acquisition, Inc., USC Atlantic, Inc., USC Michigan, Inc., USC GP, Inc., U.S. Concrete On-Site, Inc., USC Payroll Inc. and Wyoming Concrete Industries, Inc. The certificates of incorporation and the bylaws of each of these corporations authorize the corporation to indemnify any person entitled to indemnification under the Delaware General Corporation Law, to the fullest extent authorized by such law. The bylaws allow the applicable corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any director, officer, agent or employee regardless of whether the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against the insured liability.

Delaware limited liability company

 

Builder’s Redi-Mix, LLC is a limited liability company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware. The Delaware Limited Liability Company Act provides that a limited liability company has the power to indemnify and hold harmless any member or manager or other person from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever. The limited liability company Operating Agreement of Builder’s Redi-Mix provides that: (a) any member, any director and any officer, employee or agent of the company, in the performance of his, her or its duties, shall be fully protected in relying in good faith on information, opinions, reports, or statements, including financial statements, books of account and other financial data, if prepared or presented by: (i) one or more members, directors, officers or employees of the company; or (ii) legal counsel, public accountants, or other persons which he, she or it reasonably believes have professional or expert competence; and (b) no member (or officer, director, employee or shareholder of a member), director or officer shall be liable for damages to the company or any member with respect to claims relating to his, her or its conduct for or on behalf of the company, except that any of the foregoing persons shall be liable to the company for damages to the extent that it is proved by clear and convincing evidence (i) that his, her or its conduct (A) was not taken in good faith or in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, or (B) constituted gross negligence or intentional misconduct; or (ii) with respect to any criminal action, proceeding or investigation, he, she or it had reasonable cause to believe his, her or its conduct was unlawful.

 

Texas corporations

 

Beall Industries, Inc., Beall Management, Inc., Alliance Haulers, Inc., Alberta Investments, Inc., Ingram Enterprises Management, Inc. and Redi-Mix Management, Inc. are corporations organized under the laws of the State of Texas. Article 2.02-1 of the Texas Business Corporation Act (“TBCA”) permits a Texas corporation to indemnify any present or former director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses incurred in connection with a proceeding in which any such person was, is or is threatened to be, made a party by reason of holding such office or position. However, such reimbursement of reasonable expenses is limited to those actually incurred where (a) a person is found liable on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received or (b) the person is found liable in a derivative suit brought on behalf of the corporation and the person was not liable for willful or intentional misconduct. Under the TBCA, a director or officer must be indemnified in cases in which he is wholly successful on the merits or in the defense of the proceedings. The TBCA authorizes corporations to maintain insurance to cover indemnification expenses on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, agent or employee of the corporation or was serving at the request of the corporation, regardless of whether the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against liability under Article 2.02-1 of the TBCA.

 

The articles of incorporation and the bylaws of Beall Management, Inc. allow the corporation to indemnify directors and officers to the fullest extent provided by the TBCA. The articles of incorporation and bylaws of Beall Industries, Inc. contain similar provisions but prohibit any indemnification in proceedings in which the person is found liable of improperly receiving a personal benefit. The bylaws of Beall Industries, Inc. authorize the corporation to purchase insurance for indemnification purposes, regardless of whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the person under the provisions contained in the bylaws.

 

The articles of incorporation and the bylaws of each of Alberta Investments, Inc., Alliance Haulers, Inc., Ingram Enterprises Management, Inc., and Redi-Mix Management, Inc. allow the corporations to indemnify directors, officers, or employees to the fullest extent provided by the TBCA. The articles of incorporation of each of these entities prohibit any indemnification in proceedings in which the person is found liable of improperly receiving a personal benefit.

 

Texas limited partnerships

 

Beall Concrete Enterprises, Ltd., USC Management Co., L.P., Ingram Enterprises, L.P., Redi-Mix, L.P. and Redi-Mix Concrete, L.P. are limited partnerships organized under the laws of the State of Texas. Under

the Texas Revised Limited Partnership Act. That act (“TRLPA”), a general partner must be indemnified by the limited partnership in cases in which the general partner is wholly successful on the merits or in the defense of the proceedings. Section 11.02 of the TRLPA provides that a limited partnership may indemnify a person who was, is, or is threatened to be named a defendant in a proceeding only if that person (1) acted in good faith; (2) reasonably believed: (A) in the case of conduct in the person’s official capacity as a general partner of the limited partnership, that the person’s conduct was in the limited partnership’s best interests; and (B) in all other cases, that the person’s conduct was at least not opposed to the limited partnership’s best interests; and (3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that the person’s conduct was unlawful. That TRLPA allows a Texas limited partnership to indemnify anyone who was, is or is threatened to be made a defendant or respondent in a proceeding and allows a limited partnership to purchase and maintain liability insurance, whether or not the partnership would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability.

 

The partnership agreement of each of the above partnerships provide that they shall indemnify and hold harmless each general partner and each other indemnitee designated by the general partner to the maximum extent provided in the TRLPA. The partnership agreements of Beall Concrete Enterprises, Ltd. and USC Management Co., L.P. provide that they may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any one or more indemnitees and other persons as the general partner shall determine against any liability that may be asserted against or expense that may be incurred by such person in connection with the activities of the partnership, whether or not the partnership would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability.

 

The partnership agreement of each of Ingram Enterprises and L.P., Redi-Mix, L.P. provides that no partner shall be obligated to contribute any amount to the partnership in order to satisfy the partnership’s indemnification obligations and such obligations are limited to the assets of the partnership. The partnership agreement of Redi-Mix Concrete, L.P. provides that the partnership shall hold harmless each general partner and each other indemnitee designated by the general partner for any loss, damage, expense or liability caused by or attributable to ordinary or simple negligence of that person.

 

Texas limited liability companies

 

Redi-Mix G.P., LLC is a limited liability company organized under the laws of the State of Texas. Redi-Mix G.P., LLC is a limited liability company organized under the laws of the State of Texas. Article 2.20 of the Texas Limited Liability Company Act (“TLLCA”) provides that a limited liability company has the power to indemnify members and managers, officers and other persons and to purchase and maintain liability insurance for such persons. Further, the TLLCA also provides that a limited liability company may expand or restrict duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities of members, managers, officers or other persons at law or in equity.

 

The limited liability company Operating Agreement of Redi-Mix G.P., LLC provides that members, managers, officers and employees of the Company who are parties to an action, suit or proceeding, or threatened to be parties to an action suit or proceedings, shall be indemnified by the Company to the fullest extent permitted by the TLLCA, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees) actually incurred by such person in connection with such proceeding. Such indemnification provided in the Operating Agreement includes indemnification for negligence or under theories of strict liability. Under the Operating Agreement, the company may purchase and maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any person protected under its indemnity provisions against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Company would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the indemnification provisions.

 

California corporations

 

Each of American Concrete Products, Inc., Sierra Precast, Inc., Central Concrete Supply Co., Inc. and Central Precast Concrete, Inc. is organized as a corporation under the laws of the State of California. Section 204 of the California Corporations Code provides that a corporation may set forth in its articles of incorporation provisions (a) eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director for monetary damages in

an action brought by or in the right of the corporation for breach of a director’s duties to the corporation and its shareholders, as set forth in Section 309 of the California Corporations Code, so long as such indemnification is subject to certain limitations and conditions as provided therein and (b) authorizing, whether by bylaw, agreement or otherwise, the indemnification of agents in excess of that expressly permitted by Section 317 for those agents of the corporation for breach of duty to the corporation and its stockholders, so long as such indemnification is subject to the limitations and conditions specified therein. Section 317 of the California Corporations Code provides that a corporation shall have the power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor) by reason of the fact that the person is or was an agent of the corporation, against expenses, judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the proceeding if that person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in the best interests of the corporation and, in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct of the person was unlawful. This section also provides that a corporation shall have the power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the person is or was an agent of the corporation, against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by that person in connection with the defense or settlement of the action if that person acted in good faith, in a manner the person believed to be in the best interests of the corporation and its shareholders. Finally, a California corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any agent of the corporation against any liability asserted against or incurred by the agent in that capacity or arising out of the agent’s status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the agent against that liability under Section 317 of the California Corporations Code.

 

The bylaws of American Concrete Products, Inc. provide that the corporation may indemnify any director, officer, agent or employee to the fullest extent permitted by Section 317 of the California Corporations Code and also allow the corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any director, officer, agent or employee whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against the insured liability.

 

The bylaws of Sierra Precast, Inc. provide that the corporation may indemnify any director, officer, agent or employee to the fullest extent permitted by Section 317 of the California Corporations Code and to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any director, officer, agent or employee whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against the insured liability. The articles of incorporation of Sierra Precast, Inc. allow the corporation to indemnify agents for breach of duty to the corporation and stockholders through provisions in the bylaws or agreements with the agents in excess of the indemnification permitted by Section 317 of the California Corporations Code, subject to the limits on excess indemnification set forth in Section 204 of the California Corporations Code.

 

The bylaws of Central Concrete Supply Co., Inc. provide that the corporation may indemnify any director, officer, agent or employee to the fullest extent permitted by Section 317 of the California Corporations Code. The articles of incorporation of Central Concrete Supply Co., Inc. allow the corporation to indemnify agents for breach of duty to the corporation and stockholders through provisions in the bylaws or agreements with the agents in excess of the indemnification permitted by Section 317 of the California Corporations Code, subject to the limits on excess indemnification set in Section 204 of the California Corporations Code.

 

The bylaws of Central Precast Concrete, Inc. provide that it may indemnify any director, officer, agent or employee to the fullest extent permitted by Section 317 of the California Corporations Code. The bylaws further provide that Central Precast Concrete, Inc. may advance expenses incurred in defending any proceeding prior to the final disposition of the proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director, officer or other agent to repay that amount if it shall be determined ultimately that the such agent is not entitled to be indemnified pursuant to the California Corporations Code.

Oklahoma corporation

 

Atlas-Tuck Concrete, Inc. is organized under the laws of the state of Oklahoma. Under the Oklahoma General Corporation Act, a corporation must indemnify an officer or director against the expenses which such officer or director has actually and reasonably incurred if he is successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action (a) brought by reason of such person being or having been a director or officer of the corporation, or of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise at the request of the corporation, other than an action by or in the right of the corporation or (b) by or in the right of the corporation brought by reason of the person seeking indemnification being or having been a director or officer of the corporation, or any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise at the request of the corporation, provided the actions were in good faith and were reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest of the corporation. In either case, however, no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which the individual shall have been adjudged liable to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which such action was decided has determined that the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the court deems proper. An Oklahoma corporation may indemnify each of its officers and directors against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by them in connection with any action, suit or proceeding described in (a) above, as long as the individual acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest of the corporation, and with respect to any criminal action, the person seeking indemnification must have had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. An Oklahoma corporation is further permitted to indemnify each of its officers and directors against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the defense or settlement of any action described in (b) above.

 

Michigan corporations

 

Superior Materials, Inc., Kurtz Gravel Company are both organized under the laws of the State of Michigan. Under the Michigan Business Corporation Act, a corporation is permitted to indemnify any person who was, is or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding, other than an action, suit or proceeding by or in the right of the corporation, by reason of the fact that he or she was serving as a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or serving, at the request of the corporation, as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of another corporation, whether domestic or foreign, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses, including attorneys fees, and judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement that are actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with the proceeding if the indemnified person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation or its shareholders, and, with respect to a criminal action or proceeding, if he or she had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. Similar provisions apply to actions brought by or in the right of the corporation, except that no indemnification may be made without judicial approval with respect to a claim, issue, or matter in which the person acting in an indemnified capacity has been found liable to the corporation. Where an officer or director is successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action referred to above, the corporation must indemnify that person against the expenses the officer or director has actually and reasonably incurred.

 

The provisions concerning indemnification and advancement of expenses are not exclusive of other rights to which a person seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under a corporation’s articles of incorporation, its bylaws or a contractual arrangement. In addition, the Michigan Business Corporation Act authorizes a corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was serving in an indemnified capacity against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, arising out of his status as such, regardless of whether the corporation would otherwise have the power to indemnify him.

 

The bylaws of Superior Materials, Inc. provide for indemnification of officers and directors, to the fullest extent permitted by Michigan law. Additionally, Superior Materials, Inc. may, by action of its board of directors, indemnify its employees and agents to the same extent as it indemnifies its directors and officers.

Under its bylaws, Superior Materials, Inc. may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person for the purpose of satisfying the company’s indemnification obligations under its bylaws.

 

The bylaws of Kurtz Gravel Co. provide for indemnification of officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by Michigan law. Additionally, Kurtz Gravel Co. may, by action of its board of directors, indemnify its employees and agents to the same extent as it indemnifies its directors and officers. Under its bylaws, Kurtz Gravel Co. may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person for the purpose of satisfying the company’s indemnification obligations under its bylaws. The bylaws of Kurtz Gravel Co. permit, but do not require, the company to pay expenses incurred in defending a proceeding in advance of its final disposition.

 

New Jersey corporation

 

Eastern Concrete Materials, Inc. is organized under the laws of the state of New Jersey. Under Section 14A:3-5 of the New Jersey Business Corporation Act, a corporation is required to indemnify a corporate agent against expenses to the extent that such corporate agent has been successful on the merits or otherwise in any proceeding (a) involving the corporate agent by reason of his being or having been such a corporate agent, other than a proceeding by or in the right of the corporation or (b) by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor which involves the corporate agent by reason of his being or having been such corporate agent, if in either case he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation. The New Jersey Business Corporation Act also provides that a corporation may indemnify a corporate agent against his expenses and liabilities in connection with any proceeding involving the corporate agent described in (a) above if (i) the corporate agent acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and (ii) with respect to any criminal proceeding, the corporate agent had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. A New Jersey corporation also may indemnify a corporate agent against his expenses in connection with any proceeding described in (b) above unless the corporate agent is adjudged to be liable to the corporation. In that case, the corporation may indemnify the agent only to the extent that the Superior Court of New Jersey or the court in which the proceeding was brought determines that despite the adjudication of liability, but in view of all circumstances of the case, the corporate agent is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the New Jersey Superior Court or such other court shall deem proper.

 

District of Columbia corporation

 

Superior Concrete Materials, Inc. is organized under the laws of the District of Columbia. The District of Columbia Business Corporation Act provides that a corporation organized under the laws of the District of Columbia has the right to indemnify any and all directors or officers or former directors or officers or any person who may have served at its request as a director or officer of another corporation in which it owns shares of capital stock or of which it is a creditor against expenses actually and necessarily incurred by them in connection with the defense of any action, suit, or proceeding in which they, or any of them, are made parties, or a party, by reason of being or having been directors or officers or a director or officer of the corporation or of such other corporation, except in relation to matters as to which any such director or officer or former director or person shall be adjudged in such action, suit, or proceeding to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of duty.

 

This discussion is a general summary of indemnification provisions of the laws of jurisdictions of the registrants’ respective organization, and, where indicated, indemnification provisions contained in the registrants’ formational or organizational documents. These summaries are qualified in all respects by the specific and detailed provisions of the state and other jurisdictional laws and the formational or organizational documents summarized.