e20vf
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 20-F
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REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
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SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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Date of event requiring this shell company report |
Commission file number 000-30698
SINA CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
37F, Jin Mao Tower
88 Century Boulevard, Pudong
Shanghai 200121, China
(Address of principal executive offices)
Contact Person: Chief Financial Officer
Phone: +8610 8262 8888
Facsimile: +8610 8260 7166
Address: 20/F Beijing Ideal International Plaza
No. 58 Northwest 4th Ring Road
Haidian District, Beijing, 100080, Peoples Republic of China
(name, telephone, e-mail and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
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Title of Each Class
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Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered |
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Ordinary Shares, $0.133 par value
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The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC |
Ordinary Shares Purchase Rights
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(NASDAQ Global Select Market) |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.
Not Applicable
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.
Not Applicable
(Title of Class)
As of December 31, 2010, there were 61,774,706 shares of the registrants ordinary shares
outstanding, $0.133 par value.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule
405 of the Securities Act. þ Yes o No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is
not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed
by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its
corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant
to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large
accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ |
Accelerated filer o |
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark which basis for accounting the registrant has used to prepare the
financing statements included in this filing: U.S. GAAP þ
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting
Standards Board o Other o
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. o Item 17 þ Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company
(as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
INTRODUCTION
In this annual report, except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of this
annual report only:
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we, us, our company, the Company, our and SINA refer to SINA Corporation, its
subsidiaries, and, in the context of describing our operations and consolidated financial
information, include our consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs) in China; |
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China or PRC refers to the Peoples Republic of China solely for the purpose of this
annual report, and do not include the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macau
Special Administrative Region or Taiwan; |
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GAAP refers to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States; PRC
GAAP refers to generally accepted accounting principles in the PRC; |
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shares or common shares refer to our ordinary shares; |
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all references to RMB or renminbi are to the legal currency of China, and all
references to $, dollars, US$ and U.S. dollars are to the legal currency of the
United States; and |
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all discrepancies in any table between the amounts identified as total amounts and the
sum of the amounts listed therein are due to rounding. |
INFORMATION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate
to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify
forward-looking statements by terminology such as may, will, should, expect, plan,
anticipate, believe, estimate, predict, potential or continue, the negative of such
terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Actual events or
results may differ materially.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are
reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.
Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness
of the forward-looking statements. We undertake no duty to update any of the forward-looking
statements after the date of this report to conform such statements to actual results or to changes
in our expectations.
Readers are also urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us
which attempt to advise interested parties of the factors which affect our business, including
without limitation the disclosures made under the caption Risk Factors included herein.
PART I
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not applicable.
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable.
Item 3. Key Information
A. Selected Financial Data
The selected consolidated statements of operation data presents the results for the five years
ended December 31, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007 and 2006. The Companys historical results do not
necessarily indicate results expected for any future periods. The selected consolidated financial
data below should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes
thereto, Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects below, and the other information
contained in this Form 20-F.
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Years Ended December 31, |
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2010 |
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2009 |
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2008 |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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(In thousands, except per share data) |
Operations: |
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Net revenues |
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$ |
402,617 |
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$ |
358,567 |
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$ |
369,587 |
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$ |
246,127 |
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$ |
212,854 |
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Gross profit |
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234,207 |
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200,275 |
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219,252 |
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151,425 |
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133,444 |
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Income from operations |
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96,243 |
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37,202 |
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74,581 |
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51,014 |
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34,907 |
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Income (loss) before income tax expense |
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(10,903 |
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420,628 |
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95,209 |
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60,619 |
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37,016 |
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Net income (loss) |
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(19,339 |
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412,305 |
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81,167 |
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54,115 |
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32,965 |
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Net income (loss) attributable to SINA |
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(19,094 |
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411,895 |
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80,638 |
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54,115 |
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32,965 |
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Net income (loss) per share attributable to SINA |
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Basic |
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$ |
(0.31 |
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$ |
7.53 |
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$ |
1.44 |
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$ |
0.98 |
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$ |
0.61 |
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Diluted |
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(0.31 |
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$ |
6.95 |
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$ |
1.33 |
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$ |
0.97 |
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$ |
0.60 |
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December 31, |
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2010 |
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2009 |
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2008 |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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(In thousands) |
Financial position: |
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Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |
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$ |
882,835 |
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$ |
821,518 |
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$ |
603,824 |
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$ |
477,999 |
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$ |
362,751 |
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Working capital |
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760,635 |
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694,484 |
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498,524 |
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377,608 |
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270,820 |
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Total assets |
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1,636,090 |
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1,613,842 |
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822,494 |
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662,263 |
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538,719 |
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Long-term liabilities |
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147,540 |
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166,729 |
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4,039 |
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1,337 |
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Total liabilities |
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395,564 |
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391,143 |
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197,946 |
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167,287 |
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147,292 |
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SINA shareholders equity |
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1,239,308 |
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1,221,727 |
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620,505 |
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494,976 |
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391,427 |
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Total shareholders equity |
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1,240,526 |
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1,222,699 |
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624,548 |
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494,976 |
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391,427 |
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B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D. Risk Factors
Due to the relatively new and evolving market in which we operate, we cannot predict whether we
will meet internal or external expectations of future performance.
Our primary market is in China, where the operating environment is less predictable and mature
than those of developed economies and where the Internet industry is still relatively new and fast
evolving. We believe our future success depends on our ability to significantly grow our revenues
from new and existing products, business models and sales channels. However, market data on our
business, especially on emerging products, business models and sales channels, are often limited,
unreliable or nonexistent. Accordingly, our prospects must be considered in light of the risks,
expenses and difficulties frequently encountered by companies in a relatively new and fast changing
market and with a limited operating history. These risks include our ability to:
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offer new and innovative products; |
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attract advertisers; |
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attract a larger audience to our network; |
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derive revenue from our users from fee-based and other Internet services, including our
microblog product Weibo; |
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respond effectively to competitive pressures and address the effects of strategic
relationships or corporate combinations among our competitors; |
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attract buyers for our mobile value-added services (MVAS); |
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maintain our current, and develop new, strategic relationships; |
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increase awareness of our brand and continue to build user loyalty; |
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attract and retain qualified management and employees; |
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upgrade our technology to support increased traffic and expanded services; |
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expand the content and services on our network, secure premium content and increase
network bandwidth in a cost-effective manner; and |
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develop a sufficiently large customer and user base for our Weibo service,
so as to recover the cost for developing and marketing the business
and cause it to eventually achieve profitability. |
Due to the relatively new and evolving market in which we operate and our limited operating
history, our historical year-over-year and quarter-over-quarter trends may not provide a good
indication of our future performance. For certain business lines, we have experienced high growth
rates in the past and there may be expectations that these growth rates will continue. For other
business lines, we have experienced declining trends. Our operating results have in the past fallen
below the expectations of industry analysts and investors and may do so again in the future. Our
stock price may decline significantly as a result of not meeting internal or external expectations
of future performance.
You should not place undue reliance on our financial guidance, nor should you rely on our
quarterly operating results as an indication of our future performance, because our results of
operations are subject to significant fluctuations.
We may experience significant fluctuations in our quarterly operating results due to a variety
of factors, many of which are outside our control. Significant fluctuations in our quarterly
operating results could be caused by any of the factors identified in this section, including but
not limited to our ability to retain existing users, attract new users at a steady rate and
maintain user satisfaction; the announcement or introduction of new or enhanced services, content
and products by us or our competitors; significant news events that increase traffic to our
websites; technical difficulties, system downtime or Internet failures; demand for advertising
space from advertisers; seasonality of the advertising market; the amount and timing of operating
costs and capital expenditures relating to expansion of our business, operations and
infrastructure; operators policies; governmental regulation; seasonal trends in Internet use; a
shortfall in our revenues relative to our forecasts and a decline in our operating results due to
our inability to adjust our spending quickly; and general economic conditions and economic
conditions specific to the Internet, wireless, e-commerce and the Greater China market. As a result
of these and other factors, you should not place undue reliance on our financial guidance, nor
should you rely on quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results as indicators of likely
future performance. Our quarterly revenue and earnings per share guidance is our best estimate at
the time we provide guidance. Our operating results may be below our expectations or the
expectations of public market analysts and investors in one or more future quarters. If that
occurs, the price of our ordinary shares could decline and you could lose part or all of your
investment.
We are relying on advertising sales as a significant part of our future revenues, but the online
advertising market is subject to many uncertainties, which could cause our advertising revenues to
decline.
The online advertising market is new and evolving rapidly in China. Many of our current and
potential advertisers have limited experience with the Internet as an advertising medium, have not
traditionally devoted a significant portion of their advertising expenditures or other available
funds to web-based advertising, and may not find the Internet to be effective for promoting their
products and services relative to traditional print and broadcast media. If the Internet does not
become more widely accepted as a medium for advertising, our ability to generate increased revenue
could be negatively affected. Our ability to generate and maintain significant advertising revenues
will depend on a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including but not limited
to:
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the development and retention of a large base of users possessing demographic
characteristics attractive to advertisers; |
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the maintenance and enhancement of our brands in a cost-effective manner; |
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increased competition and potential downward pressure on online advertising prices and
limitations on web page space; |
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changes in government policy that curtail or restrict our online advertising services; |
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the acceptance of online advertising as an effective way for advertisers to market their
businesses; |
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the development of independent and reliable means of verifying levels of online
advertising and traffic; and |
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the effectiveness of our advertising delivery, tracking and reporting systems. |
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Our current and potential advertising clients have limited experience using the Internet for
advertising purposes and historically have not devoted a significant portion of their advertising
budgets to online advertising. We may not be successful in getting our current and potential
advertisers to increase their budgets for online advertising.
In 2010, approximately 85% of our advertising revenues were derived from the automobile,
information technology, Internet services, fast-moving consumer goods, financial and
telecommunication sectors. If there is a downturn in advertising spending, especially in these
sectors, our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition and our share price could
suffer.
Our growth in advertising revenues will also depend on our ability to increase the advertising
space on our network and develop new advertising inventory offerings, such as those tied to video
content and user-generated content in social media or social networking environments and
performance-based inventories. If we fail to increase our advertising space at a sufficient rate or
fail to develop new advertising inventory offerings that achieve market acceptance, our growth in
advertising revenues could be hampered and our share price may drop significantly. Further, the
increasing usage of Internet advertising blocking software may result in a decrease of our
advertising revenues as the advertisers may choose not to advertise on the Internet if Internet
advertising blocking software is widely used.
If our microblog Weibo fails to achieve success as expected, our share
performance could suffer significantly and your investment in our shares may be adversely
affected.
We
have not yet focused our efforts to monetize Weibo. Weibo has both social media and
social networking features and, thus, is
subject to competition from producers of both types of services and potential new
types of online networking services. Monetization has been a challenge for the other
social media and networking services, and it could be a challenge for us as well. We cannot
guarantee that the monetizing methods adopted by other social media
and networking sites will work with Weibo. In our efforts to build scale and increase user
base and user stickiness, we expect to significantly increase
investment in Weibo in areas such as marketing, technology and
infrastructure, which may cause our profitability to significantly
decline. In addition, we cannot assure you that the investments we
make will result in increased Weibo users and traffic. If our monetization efforts are not successful, then our
investment in Weibo could significantly depress our profitability, and if
we are unsuccessful in growing Weibos user base and traffic, our
stock performance could be materially adversely affected, the price of
our ordinary shares could decline and you could lose part or all of
your investment.
The social media and networking sector is highly competitive in China. The major portals,
including Tencent, Sohu and Netease, offer similar products that
compete with us for users, traffic, and content and marketing
resources. In addition, there are many websites that specialize in developing social media or
social networking services, including Renren.com, Kaixin001.com, hainei.com, 51.com and 159.com. We
may be unable to compete successfully against these competitors or new market entrants, which may
adversely affect our financial performance.
In addition, government regulation and censorship of information disseminated over the
Internet in China may adversely affect our ability to operate Weibo. See Even if we are in
compliance with Chinese governmental regulations relating to licensing and foreign investment
prohibitions, the Chinese government may prevent us from advertising or distributing content that
it believes is inappropriate and we may be liable for such content or we may have to stop profiting
from such content. below for details. Although we attempt to monitor the content posted on Weibo,
we may not always be able to effectively control or restrict the content generated or placed on
Weibo by our users. The Chinese government may choose to unexpectedly tighten its Internet
censorship. If the Chinese authority has any concern about dissemination of information via
microblog, Weibo could be impaired or even ordered to shut down.
Furthermore, we may be subject to claims based on the user-generated content posted on Weibo.
See We may be subject to litigation for user-generated content provided on our websites, which may
be time-consuming to defend. below for more details.
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We are relying on MVAS for a significant portion of our future revenues. Our MVAS revenues have
experienced an overall decline and may decrease further in the future.
For
2010 and 2009, MVAS revenues accounted for 22% and 33% of our total net revenues,
respectively. Short messaging service (SMS) and interactive voice response system (IVR)
revenues accounted for approximately 46% and 25%, respectively, of our MVAS revenues for 2010. If
users do not adopt our MVAS at a sufficient rate, or if our SMS or IVR revenues fail to grow, our
overall MVAS revenue growth could be negatively affected. Our MVAS revenues declined from 2005
through 2007 and again in 2010 and may decline in the future. Factors that may prevent us from
maintaining or growing our MVAS revenues include:
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our ability to develop new services that become accepted by the market; |
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our ability to retain existing customers of our subscription services; |
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our ability to attract new subscribers in a cost-effective manner; |
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our ability to provide satisfactory services to our customers; |
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competitors, including operators, may launch competing or better products than ours; |
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changes in policy, process and/or system by China Mobile Communications Corporation
(China Mobile), China United Network Communications Group Co., Ltd. (China Unicom) or
other operators, on whom we rely for service delivery, billing and payment collection, and
who in the past have made sudden changes that have significantly impacted our revenues and
may continue to do so in the future; and |
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changes in government regulations, which could restrict our MVAS offerings, curtail our
ability to market our services or change user adoption or usage patterns in a negative way.
For example, in August 2007, the Ministry of Information Industry (superseded by the
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology established in March 2008, both of which are
referred to as MII) tightened the regulations over direct advertising in China, which
reduced the effectiveness of our direct advertising on MVAS and increased the difficulties
of new user recruitment. In December 2007, MII unified the dialing codes of each service
provider (SP), which increased the number of digits a user must input to subscribe to an
SPs MVAS, thereby making the purchasing process more complicated. MII has proposed
requiring mobile users, including pre-paid card subscribers, to register their real
identity. Implementation of these changes has led to in the past and may lead to in the
future fewer subscriptions of MVAS and a decrease in new customers. |
In addition to the above, we are relying on new MVAS, such as multimedia messaging service
(MMS), color ring back tone (CRBT), KJAVA/BREW and wireless application protocol (WAP), as a
significant part of our future revenue growth for MVAS. However, the current market size for these
new MVAS is relatively small and adoption rates are still relatively low for these services
compared to SMS and IVR services. We cannot assure you that our new MVAS offerings will be accepted
by the market or, in light of evolving and/or unclear policies and regulations, will meet the
requirements of operator policies and government regulations upon release. If revenues from these
services do not grow significantly, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows
could be materially and adversely affected, the price of our ordinary shares could decline and you
could lose part or all of your investment.
With respect to MVAS, we rely on China Mobile, China Unicom and other operators for marketing,
service delivery, billing and payment collection, and we may be negatively affected by changes
which they may make suddenly and unilaterally.
Our MVAS offerings depend mainly on cooperation arrangements with China Mobile and China
Unicom. In addition, we have arrangements with China Telecommunications Corporation (China
Telecom). We rely on the operators in the following ways: utilizing their network and gateway to
recruit and provide MVAS to subscribers; utilizing their billing systems to charge the fees to our
subscribers through the subscribers mobile phone bill; utilizing their collection services to
collect payments from subscribers; and relying on their infrastructure development to further
develop new products and services. As of December 31, 2010, we offered our MVAS pursuant to
relationships with 31 provincial and local subsidiaries of China Mobile and 12 provincial
subsidiaries of China Unicom. As we have limited bargaining power against the operators, we may
enter into cooperation agreements on terms that are unfavorable to us. The operators may also
unilaterally terminate or amend the agreements at any time. If China Mobile, China Unicom or other
operators choose not to continue the cooperation arrangements with us or if they unilaterally amend
the cooperation arrangements with terms significantly unfavorable to us, our MVAS revenues and
operating profitability could be materially and negatively affected.
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In the past, operators have made sudden and unexpected changes in their policies, processes
and systems, which have harmed, and may continue to harm, our business. For example:
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In mid-2004, operators began transitioning SMS to new billing platforms, which has
resulted in added operational controls and procedures in areas such as customer subscription
and customer billing. Such change has increased the difficulties of new user recruitment and
the failure rate for fee collection from our SMS users. |
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In January 2005, China Mobile stopped its MMS Album service, which allowed users to
retrieve their subscribed MMS messages from China Mobiles website when the subscribed MMS
messages could not be successfully delivered to their mobile phones. With the termination of
MMS Album, we were no longer able to collect fees from users when the MMS messages could not
be delivered to such users mobile phones. |
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Beginning March 2005, China Mobile migrated MMS onto a new billing platform, which
resulted in added operational controls and procedures and, correspondingly, increased the
difficulties of new user recruitment and increased the failure rate for fee collection from
our users. |
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In April 2006, China Unicom issued a new policy that sets price ceilings for usage-based
and monthly subscription SMS. Such change may require us to lower our current prices on
certain SMS services or discontinue offering these services completely. |
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In July 2006, China Mobile made significant changes to its policy on subscription-based
MVAS, which included requiring double confirmations on new MVAS subscriptions as well as
sending SMS reminders to existing monthly subscribers of SMS, MMS and WAP to inform them of
their MVAS subscription and fee information. In addition, China Mobiles provincial
subsidiaries began canceling existing WAP subscriptions that have been inactive for four
months and existing SMS subscriptions of users who did not successfully receive more than
three SMS messages during the month. These policy changes from China Mobile reduced our
ability to acquire new monthly MVAS subscribers and increased the churn rate of existing
monthly MVAS subscribers. |
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In September 2006, China Unicom began enforcing a policy of double confirmation on new
MVAS subscriptions. Such change significantly reduced our ability to acquire new monthly
MVAS subscribers. |
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In April 2007, China Unicom changed its service fee settlement method with service
providers from estimated collection to actual collection. As a result of the switch, fee
settlement, based on the receipt of billing statement, with China Unicom has taken up to
four months, which has negatively impacted our cash flow. In addition, if we are unable to
rely on historical confirmation rates from China Unicom as a result of the change in fee
settlement method, we may need to defer recognition of such revenues until the billing
statements are received. |
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In July 2007, China Mobile began implementing a score and ranking system that rewards
larger, higher growth service providers with fewer user complaints. Receiving a low score or
ranking, e.g., as a result of too many complaints filed by our MVAS customers, could result
in a negative impact to our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. |
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In August 2007, the MII tightened the regulations over direct advertising in China. This
change reduced the effectiveness of our direct advertising on MVAS and increased the
difficulties of new user recruitment. We have not been able to accurately estimate the
impact of such change on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, but
believe it has had and will continue to have a significant negative impact to our MVAS
business. |
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In December 2007, the MII unified the dialing codes of each service provider by adding a
four-digit code to each service providers product. This complicated the purchasing process
of MVAS and reduced the effectiveness of our direct advertising and increased the
difficulties of new user recruitment. |
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In November 2009, China Mobile implemented a series of measures targeted at eliminating
offensive or unauthorized content for the WAP product line. As part of this effort, China
Mobile has suspended billing customers of WAP services, including those that do not contain
offensive or unauthorized content, on behalf of third-party service providers of such
services. For 2010, less than 1% of the Companys MVAS revenues were derived from WAP
services versus 9% in 2009. |
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In January 2010, China Mobile implemented a series of measures that included limiting the
service offerings and partnerships allowed for each SMS service code, preventing the
television and radio promotion of certain interactive IVR products and requiring additional
notices and customer confirmations in the MVAS ordering process. These measures have had a
negative impact to our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. |
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In December 2010, under MIIs policy directives, China Mobile began requiring a
subscription reminder be sent for monthly MVAS subscriptions after receiving double
confirmation of the subscription. Subscribers can cancel MVAS subscriptions by replying to
the reminder notice. This has complicated the subscription process and reduced our ability to
acquire new monthly subscribers in a cost-effective manner. |
8
Our operators could make further changes at any time, including, but not limited to, requiring
SPs to use the operators customer service and/or marketing service and charging for these
services; requiring SPs to migrate their MVAS to an operators platform and increase the fees
charged for using the operators platform; changing their fee structure or billing method in a way
that would require us to delay the recognition of MVAS revenues from an accrual basis to when
actual billing is received; implementing new billing rules, such as reducing MVAS fees that can be
charged to users; disallowing SPs to bill certain inactive users and limiting the amount of MVAS
fees that can be billed; requiring SPs to absorb end customer bad debts; issuing new rules on how
WAP SPs are placed on their browsers, which significantly determines WAP revenues; refusing to pay
SPs for services delivered; and limiting the product offerings of SPs by working directly with
content providers to launch competing services or giving exclusive rights to certain SPs to offer
certain MVAS. Any change in policy, process or system by the operators could result in a material
reduction of our MVAS revenues.
China Mobile, China Unicom and other operators have in the past increased the fees charged for
providing their services and may do so again in the future. If they choose to increase such fees,
our gross margin for MVAS and our operating profitability may be negatively impacted. These
operators have generally retained a certain percentage of the fees for value-added services we
provided to our users via their platform for fee collection. In addition, they charge transmission
fees for some products such as SMS and MMS on a per message basis, and the rates of such
transmission fees vary for different products and message volume. For 2010, we received on average
71% and 77% of the amount we charged to our users via the China Mobile platform and the China
Unicom platform, respectively, after they deducted the fees for collection and transmission.
Our MVAS revenues could be negatively impacted if China Mobile, China Unicom or other
operators restrict MVAS to be charged on a monthly subscription basis or disallow us to charge
monthly fees for users who do not use our service in a particular month. For 2010, approximately
13% of our MVAS revenues were derived from monthly subscription products, which mainly consist of
SMS and MMS.
In the past, China Mobile and China Unicom imposed penalties on MVAS providers for violating
certain operating policies relating to MVAS. In some cases, they stopped making payments to certain
SPs for severe violations. To date, the accrued penalties we have received have been insignificant
in dollar amounts, but it is difficult to determine the specific conduct that might be interpreted
as violating such operating policies. Additionally, operators may unilaterally revise their
arrangements with us at any time, which could result in us breaching the new terms and being
subject to fines. In the future, if China Mobile, China Unicom or other operators impose more
severe penalties on us for policy violations, our revenues from MVAS and operating results may be
negatively impacted.
We are potentially subject to liability and penalty for delivering inappropriate content
through our MVAS. One of the violations cited in the notice for temporary termination of our IVR
service at the end of July 2004 was that we had provided inappropriate content to our mobile
subscribers through our IVR service. The definition and interpretation of inappropriate content in
many cases are vague and subjective. We are not sure whether operators including China Mobile and
China Unicom or the Chinese government will find our other mobile content inappropriate and
therefore prevent us from operating the MVAS relating to such content in the future. If they
prevent us from offering such services, our revenues from MVAS may suffer significantly.
A portion of our MVAS revenues is currently estimated based on our internal records of
billings and transmissions for the month, adjusted for prior period confirmation rates from
operators and prior period discrepancies between internal estimates and confirmed amounts from
operators. Historically, there have been no significant true up adjustments to our estimates. If
there was no consistent confirmation rates trend or if there were continuous significant true up
adjustments to our estimates under the new billing platforms, we will need to rely on the billing
statements from the operators to record revenues. Due to the time lag of receiving the billing
statements, our MVAS revenues may fluctuate with the collection of billing statements if we were to
record our MVAS revenues when we receive the billing statements. For example, if an operator
switches payment to SPs from estimated collection from users to actual collection, such policy
change may cause us to delay the recognition of these revenues until we receive the actual billings
and/or until we have reliable information to make such revenue estimates. For the fourth quarter of
2010, approximately 27% of our MVAS revenues were estimated at period end.
In the past, China Mobile has requested resettlement of billings that were settled in previous
periods and on which payments have been made to us. We have accrued for such credits to revenues
based on a rolling history and the true-ups between the accrued amounts and actual credit memos
issued have not been significant. However, there is no guarantee that China Mobile or other
operators will not request resettlement of previously received payments. If China Mobile or other
operators request resettlement of billings for a previous period at amounts significantly larger
than our credit memo accrual based on historical patterns, our operating results, financial
position and cash flow may be severely impacted.
If China Mobiles, China Unicoms or other operators systems encounter technical problems, if
they refuse to cooperate with us or if they do not provide adequate service, our MVAS offerings may
cease or be severely disrupted, which could have a significant and adverse impact on our operating
results.
9
The markets for Internet and MVAS services are highly competitive, and we may be unable to compete
successfully against new entrants and established industry competitors, which could reduce our
market share and adversely affect our financial performance.
The Chinese market for Internet content and services is competitive and rapidly changing.
Barriers to entry are relatively low, and current and new competitors can launch new websites or
services at a relatively low cost. Many companies offer Chinese language content and services,
including informational and community features, fee-based services, email and e-commerce services
in the Greater China market that may be competitive with our offerings. In addition, providers of
Chinese language Internet tools and services may be acquired by, receive investments from or enter
into other commercial relationships with large, well-established and well-financed Internet, media
or other companies. We also face competition from providers of software and other Internet products
and services. In addition, we compete with entities that sponsor or maintain high-traffic websites
or provide an initial point of entry for Internet users, such as
portals, social media and social networking
services, and search sites.
Our competitors include existing or emerging PRC Internet portals as well as vertical websites
competing in a specific niche such as automobile, finance and IT information. Our competitors in
these areas include Baidu.com, Inc. (Baidu), Tencent Holdings Limited (Tencent), Netease.com,
Inc. (Netease), TOM Online, Inc. (TOM Online), Sohu.com Inc. (Sohu), ifeng.com, Hexun, East
Money, China Finance Online, PCAuto, Auto Home and PCOnline. Many of these companies are large,
well-capitalized entities that currently offer, and could further develop or acquire, content and
services that compete with those that we offer. Companies such as these may have greater financial
and technical resources, better brand recognition, more developed sales and marketing networks,
more customers, stronger government relationships and more extensive operating histories. As a
result, such companies may be able to quickly provide competitive services and obtain a significant
number of customers.
We expect that as Internet usage in Greater China increases and the Greater China market
becomes more attractive to advertisers and for conducting e-commerce, large global competitors,
such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft) (MSN), Yahoo! Inc.
(Yahoo!), eBay Inc. (eBay), Google, Inc. (Google) and America Online Inc. (AOL), may
increasingly focus their resources on the Greater China market. Some of these global Internet
companies may partner with domestic organizations to penetrate the PRC market. We also compete for
advertisers with traditional media companies, such as newspapers, television networks and radio
stations that have a longer history of use and greater acceptance among advertisers. Although new
media companies, such as those in outdoor media, more directly compete with traditional media, such
as television, they ultimately compete with us to convert advertisers from traditional media to new
media. These competitors include Focus Media Holding Limited (Focus), Air Media Group Inc.,
Vision China Media Inc. and other China-based private or public new media advertising companies.
There is significant competition among MVAS providers. A large number of independent MVAS
providers, such as Kongzhong Corporation (Kongzhong), Tencent, TOM Online, Hurray! Holding Co.,
Ltd. (Hurray), Sohu and Linktone Ltd. (Linktone), compete against us. We may be unable to
continue to grow our revenues from these services in this competitive environment. In addition, the
major operators in China, including China Mobile and China Unicom, have entered the business of
content development. Any of our present or future competitors may offer MVAS that provide
significant technology, performance, price, creativity or other advantages over those offered by
us, and therefore achieve greater market acceptance than us.
Our
other areas of focus for future growth include WAP portal, search,
online video and Web 2.0
services. We also face intense competition from domestic and international companies in these
areas. The main competitors for our WAP portal include Tencent, Kongzhong and WAP portals operated
by mobile telecom operators such as China Mobiles Monternet. The main competitors for our search
service include Baidu, Yahoo!/Alibaba, Google, Microsoft (Bing), Tencent (Soso) and Netease
(Youdao). The main competitors for our instant messaging service include Tencent (QQ), Microsoft
(MSN Messenger) and Yahoo! China (Yahoo Messenger)/Alibaba. Web 2.0 companies are defined as those
that offer tools to: (1) generate traffic through user-generated
content, such as microblogs, social networks,
blogs, video podcasting, blogs and albums; (2) allow users to communicate, such as instant
messaging and email, and/or (3) allow users to personalize individual sites and virtual
communities, such as space and group. Our competition in online video
and other Web 2.0
services include public companies
such as Baidu, Tencent, Netease, Sohu, Youku, Renren.com Microsoft
(MSN), Shanda (Shanda Literature), and Giant (51.com) as
well as private companies such as 56.com, Tudou, Ku6, PP Live, PP Stream, Bokee, Blogbus, Poco,
Blogcn, Hexun, Kaixin001.com and hainei.com in China and
international players such as YouTube, MySpace, Twitter and Facebook. Many of our competitors have
a longer history of providing these online services and currently offer a greater breadth of
products that may be more popular than our online offerings. Many of these companies are focused
solely on one area of our business and are able to devote all of their resources to that business
line and can more quickly adapt to changing technology and market conditions. These companies may
therefore have a competitive advantage over us with respect to these business areas. A number of
our current and potential future competitors may have greater financial and other resources than we
have, may be able to more quickly react to changing consumer requirements and demands, may deliver
competitive services at lower prices or with more desirable features and
10
functionalities, may continue to compete at a steep loss and may market more effectively to certain user audiences. Increased
competition could result in reduced page views and unique visitors, loss of market share and
revenues and lower profit margins.
Our business is highly sensitive to the strength of our brands in the marketplace, and we may not
be able to maintain current or attract new users, customers and strategic partners for our
products and offerings if we do not continue to increase the strength of our brands and develop
new brands successfully in the marketplace.
Our operational and financial performance is highly dependent on our strong brands in the
marketplace. Such dependency will increase further as the number of Internet and mobile users as
well as the number of market entrants in China grows. In order to retain existing and attract new
Internet users, advertisers, mobile customers and strategic partners, we may need to substantially
increase our expenditures for creating and maintaining brand awareness and brand loyalty.
Consequently, we will need to grow our revenues at least in the same proportion as any increase in
brand spending to maintain our current levels of profitability.
There have been negative press
coverage about the Company based on untrue or unsubstantiated rumors in the past, and the Company
has taken affirmative steps to address such coverage. However, we cannot assure you that we will
always be able to diffuse negative press coverage about the Company to the satisfaction of our
investors, users, advertisers, customers and strategic partners. If we are unable to diffuse
negative press coverage about the Company, our brands may suffer in the marketplace and our
operational and financial performances may be negatively impacted as a result.
Our financial results could be adversely affected by China Real Estate Information Corporation
(CRIC) and other equity investments.
We report our ownership in CRIC using the equity method of accounting starting from October 1,
2009 and, as such, our net income is impacted by CRICs performance. For 2010, we recorded $13.1 million in income from equity investment in
CRIC, which is reported one quarter in arrears. If CRICs financial results decline, it will negatively impact our financial results. Furthermore, we will not be able to report our quarter and annual results until we have obtained
CRICs results. A delay in CRICs reporting could adversely affect our reporting schedule and cause
the market to react negatively to our stock. CRICs real estate business is subject to risks that
may be different than those that affect our business. Potential risks and uncertainties include,
but are not limited to:
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CRIC is not likely to sustain the high growth rate it has experienced up to now; |
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CRICs results of operations may fluctuate or otherwise be materially and adversely affected due to seasonal variations
and the project-by-project nature of some of its real estate consulting services; |
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CRIC may not be able to successfully execute its strategy of expanding into new geographical markets in China; |
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CRIC may not be able to successfully execute its growth strategy of expanding its client base and increasing the
average spending of its clients on its services; |
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CRICs business is susceptible to fluctuations in the real estate market of China; |
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CRICs business may be materially and adversely affected by government measures affecting Chinas real estate industry;
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a severe or prolonged downturn in the global or Chinese economy could materially and adversely affect CRICs business
and its financial condition. |
Further information regarding these
and other risks can be found in CRICs filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
SEC). Sina assumes no obligation to update CRICs risks factors.
We periodically review our equity investments, including CRIC, for impairment. If we conclude
that any of these investments are impaired, we determine whether such impairment is
other-than-temporary. Factors we consider to make such determination include the duration and
severity of the impairment, the reason for the decline in value, the potential recovery period, and
our intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell, the
investment before recovery. If any impairment is considered other-than-temporary, we will write
down the asset to its fair value and take a corresponding charge to our Consolidated Statement of
Operations. At the end of 2010, $39.3 million of our equity investments were in privately-held
companies, which may not have the resources nor level of controls in place like public companies to
timely and accurately provide updates about their company to us. Furthermore, many of our
investments are at an early, pre-revenue stage of development, and their impairment may be
difficult to access as market information on Internet-related startups are not readily available.
Consequently, we may not receive information about our investments on a timely basis to properly
account for them. We are unable to control these factors and an impairment charge recognized by us,
especially untimely recorded, will unfavorably impact our results. In 2010, we recognized an
impairment charge of $128.6 million on investment in CRIC.
Majority ownership and control of the board of directors of CRIC by affiliates of E-House (China)
Holding Limited (E-House) may limit our ability to influence CRIC.
In October 2009, we contributed our online real estate business to CRIC in exchange for
approximately 33% of the total outstanding ordinary shares of CRIC. As of December 31, 2010, our
ownership interest in CRIC accounted for approximately 34% of the total outstanding ordinary shares
of CRIC. E-House owns over 50% of total outstanding ordinary shares of CRIC. As a result, for
the foreseeable future, E-House will have the ability to elect a majority of the directors to the
board of directors of CRIC. In such cases, the directors designated by E-House have the power to
approve a particular matter requiring a majority vote
11
despite the fact that our representatives may vote against the matter. Conversely, with
respect to any matter requiring a majority vote, the directors designated by E-House may disapprove
a particular matter despite the fact that our representatives may vote in favor of that matter.
12
If we are unable to keep up with the rapid technological changes of the Internet industry, our
business may suffer.
The Internet industry is experiencing rapid technological changes. For example, with the
advances of search engines, Internet users may choose to access information through search engines
instead of web portals. With the advent of Web 2.0, the interests and preferences of Internet users
may shift to user-generated content, such as blogs, microblog/social
networking services and video podcasting.
As broadband becomes more accessible, Internet users may demand content in pictorial, audio-rich
and video-rich format. With the development of 2.5G and the issuance of 3G licenses in China,
mobile users may shift from the current predominant text messaging services to newer applications,
such as multimedia messaging services, mobile commerce, music, photo and video downloads, and
mobile games. Our future success will depend on our ability to anticipate, adapt and support new
technologies and industry standards. If we fail to anticipate and adapt to these and other
technological changes, our market share and our profitability could suffer.
If we fail to successfully develop and introduce new products and services, our competitive
position and ability to generate revenues could be harmed.
We are developing new products and services. The planned timing or introduction of new
products and services is subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual timing may differ materially
from original plans. Unexpected technical, operational, distribution or other problems could delay
or prevent the introduction of one or more of our new products or services. Moreover, we cannot be
sure that any of our new products and services will achieve widespread market acceptance or
generate incremental revenue. If our efforts to develop, market and sell new products and services
to the market are not successful, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows
could be materially adversely affected, the price of our ordinary shares could decline and you
could lose part or all of your investment.
Our
investment in Web 2.0 services (such as microblog and online video), WAP portal and e-commerce may not be
successful.
Web
2.0 services, such as microblog, Social Networking Services and other
online communities, blog, online video search
and WAP portal are currently some of the fastest growing online services in China. We have invested
and intend to expand in these areas. For example, we developed our own search engine, and we have
invested heavily in Web 2.0 services, such as microblog, blog,
instant messaging, online video and online communities. Some of our competitors have entered these markets ahead of us and have
achieved significant market positions. Our main competitors in Web 2.0 services, search and WAP
portal include Baidu, Tencent, Netease, Sohu, Google, Youku,
Renren.com, Kongzhong China mobile (Monternet and 139.com), Giant
(51.com) and Microsoft
(MSN) and private companies such as 56.com, Tudou, Ku6, PP Live, PP Stream, Bokee, Blogbus,
Yahoo!/Alibaba, China Mobiles subsidiaries, Monternet and
139.com, Hexun, Kaixin001.com, and hainei.com.
We have also invested and plan to continue to invest in other technological
products and tools, such as building online game and music platforms to complement our existing Internet
service offerings. Our competitors in these areas tend to be more specialized in their specific
markets and may have access to greater resources, which may give them a competitive advantage over
us. We cannot assure you that we will succeed in these markets despite our investment of time and
funds to address these markets. If we fail to achieve a significant position in these markets, we
could fail to realize our intended returns in these investments. Moreover, our competitors who
succeed may enjoy increased revenues and profits from an increase in market share in any of these
specific markets, and our results and share price could suffer as a result.
More individuals are using devices other than personal computers to access the Internet. If users
of these devices do not widely adopt versions of our web technology, products, or operating
systems developed for these devices, our business could be adversely affected.
The number of individuals who access the Internet through devices other than personal
computers, including mobile phones, handheld computers, such as the iPad and other tablets,
television and other devices, has increased significantly and the trend is expected to continue.
We expect mobile traffic to be a significant contributor to our
overall traffic growth. The operating systems, software, resolution, functionality, and memory associated with some
alternative devices make the use of our products and services through such devices more difficult
and less compelling to users, manufacturers, or distributors of alternative devices. Each
manufacturer may have unique technical standards for its devices, and our products and services may
not work or be viewable on these devices as a result. We have limited experience to date in
operating versions of our products and services developed or optimized for users of alternative
devices, such as iPhone and Android devices, or in designing alternative devices. As new devices
and new platforms continue to be released, it is difficult to predict the problems we may encounter
in developing versions of our products and services for use on these alternative devices and we may
need to devote significant resources to create, support, and maintain our offerings on such
devices. If we are unable to attract and retain a substantial number of alternative device
manufacturers, distributors, and users to our products and services, or if we are slow to develop
products and technologies that are more compatible with alternative devices, we will fail to
capture a significant share of an increasingly important portion of the market for online services,
which could adversely affect our business.
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New technologies could block our advertisements, our mobile applications, including Weibo, news and
other application-based clients which would harm our
business.
Technologies have been developed that can disable the display of our advertisement and that
provide tools to users to opt out of our advertising products. Most of our revenues are derived
from fees paid to us by advertisers in connection with the display of advertisements on webpages to
our users. In addition, our traffic in the mobile environment is significantly dependent on content
viewing via mobile application clients, such as iPhone, iPad and Android. As a result,
such technologies and tools, for personal computers or mobile environments, could adversely affect
our overall traffic and operating results.
Our business and growth could suffer if we are unable to hire and retain key personnel who are in
high demand.
We depend on the continued contributions of our senior management and other key employees,
many of whom are difficult to replace. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers or
other key employees could harm our business. Competition for qualified talent in China is intense. Our future success is dependent on our ability to, attract significant
qualified employees at a fast pace and retain existing key employees. If we are unable to do so, our business and growth including
Weibo, may be materially and adversely affected. Our need to significantly increase qualified employees and retain key employees may cause us to materially
increase compensation related costs, including stock based compensation.
The PRC Labor Contract Law and its implementing rules may adversely affect our business and
results of operations.
The PRC Labor Contract Law became effective and was implemented on January 1, 2008. The Labor
Contract Law has reinforced the protection for employees who, under the PRC Labor Contract Law,
have the right, among others, to have written labor contracts, to enter into labor contracts with
no fixed terms under certain circumstances, to receive overtime wages and to terminate or alter
terms in labor contracts. Furthermore, the Labor Contract Law establishes additional restrictions
and increases the costs involved with dismissing employees. As the Labor Contract Law is relatively
new, there remains significant uncertainty as to its interpretation and application by the PRC
Government. In the event that we decide to significantly reduce our workforce, the Labor Contract
Law could adversely affect our ability to do so in a timely and cost effective manner, and our
results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, for employees whose contracts
include non-competition terms, the Labor Contract Law requires employers to pay monthly
compensation after such employment ends, which will increase employers operating expenses.
Our strategy of acquiring complementary assets, technologies and businesses may fail and may
result in equity or earnings dilution.
As part of our business strategy, we have acquired and intend to continue to identify and
acquire assets, technologies and businesses that are complementary to our existing business. In
January 2003 we acquired Memestar Limited, an MVAS company; in March 2004, we acquired Crillion
Corporation, an MVAS company; in October 2004, we acquired Davidhill, an instant messaging
technology platform; and
in recent years, we made several purchases of small companies.
Acquired businesses or
assets may not yield the results we expect. In addition, acquisitions could result in the use of
substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, significant
amortization expenses related to intangible assets and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of
the acquired business. Moreover, the cost of identifying and consummating acquisitions, and
integrating the acquired businesses into ours, may be significant, and the integration of acquired
business may be disruptive to our business operations. In addition, we may have to obtain approval
from the relevant PRC governmental authorities for the acquisitions and comply with any applicable
PRC rules and regulations, which may be costly. In the event our acquisitions are not successful,
our financial condition and results of operation may be materially adversely affected.
We may not be able to manage our expanding operations effectively, which could harm our business.
We have expanded rapidly by acquiring companies, entering into joint ventures and forming
strategic partnerships. These new businesses, joint ventures and strategic partnerships provide
various services such as MVAS, instant messaging and worldwide web search. We anticipate continuous
expansion in our business, both through further acquisitions and internal growth, as we address
growth in our customer base and market opportunities. In addition, the geographic dispersion of our
operations as a result of acquisitions and overall internal growth requires significant management
resources that our locally-based competitors do not need to devote to their operations. In order to
manage the expected growth of our operations and personnel, we will be required to improve and
implement operational and financial systems, procedures and controls, and expand, train and manage
our growing employee base. Further, our management will be required to maintain and expand our
relationships with various other websites, Internet and other online service providers and other
third parties necessary to our business. We cannot assure you that our current and planned
personnel, systems, procedures and controls will be adequate to support our future operations. If
we are not successful in establishing, maintaining and managing our personnel, systems, procedures
and controls, our business will be materially and adversely affected.
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We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in PRC regulation
of Internet business and companies, including limitations on our ability to own key assets such as
our website.
The Chinese government heavily regulates the Internet sector, including the legality of
foreign investment in the Chinese Internet sector, the existence and enforcement of content
restrictions on the Internet and the licensing and permit requirements for companies in the
Internet industry. Because some of the laws, regulations and legal requirements with regard to the
Internet are relatively new and evolving, their interpretation and enforcement involve significant
uncertainties. In addition, the Chinese legal system is based on written statutes, so prior court
decisions can only be cited for reference but have little precedential value. As a result, in many
cases it is difficult to determine what actions or omissions may result in liability. Issues, risks
and uncertainties relating to Chinas government regulation of the Chinese Internet sector include
the following:
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We only have contractual control over our website in China; we do not own it due to the
restriction of foreign investment in businesses providing value-added telecommunication
services, including computer information services, MVAS or electronic mailbox services. |
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Uncertainties relating to the regulation of the Internet business in China, including
evolving licensing practices, give rise to the risk that permits, licenses or operations at
some of our companies may be subject to challenge, which may be disruptive to our business,
or subject us to sanctions, requirements to increase capital or other conditions or
enforcement, or compromise enforceability of related contractual arrangements, or have other
harmful effects on us. For example, on July 13, 2006, MII issued The Circular of the
Ministry of Information Industry on Intensifying the Administration of Foreign Investment in
Value-added Telecommunication Services (the MII Circular 2006). According to the MII
Circular 2006, since the FITE Regulation went into effect, some foreign investors have, by
means of delegation of domain names and license of trademarks, conspired with domestic
value-added telecom enterprises to circumvent the requirements of FITE Regulations and been
engaged in value-added telecom services illegally. In order to further intensify the
administration of FITEs, the MII Circular 2006 provides that (i) any domain name used by a
value-added telecom carrier shall be legally owned by such carrier or its shareholder(s);
(ii) any trademark used by a value-added telecom carrier shall be legally owned by the
carrier or its shareholder(s); (iii) the operation site and facilities of a value-added
telecom carrier shall be installed within the scope as prescribed by operating licenses
obtained by the carrier and shall correspond to the value-added telecom services that the
carrier has been approved to provide; and (iv) a value-added telecom carrier shall establish
or improve the measures of ensuring safety of network information. As to the companies which
have obtained operating licenses for value-added telecom services, they are required to
conduct self-examination and self-correction according to the said requirements and report
the result of such self-examination and self-correction to MII. Accordingly, Beijing SINA
Internet Information Service Co., Ltd., a Chinese company controlled by the Company through
contractual arrangement (the ICP Company) submitted the Self-Correction Scheme of the ICP
Companys Multi-regional Value-added Telecommunication Business (the Self-Correction
Scheme) to MII on November 17, 2006. Under the Self-Correction Scheme, (i) the domain name
www.sina.com.cn mainly used by the ICP Company shall be transferred from Beijing SINA
Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Beijing Stone Rich Sight Information
Technology Co., Ltd.), one of the Companys wholly owned subsidiaries (BSIT) to the ICP
Company, and (ii) the trademark SINA used by the ICP Company shall be transferred from
BSIT to the ICP Company. The trademark SINA
and domain name www.sina.com.cn have been
transferred to the ICP Company. |
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The numerous and often vague restrictions on acceptable content in China subject us to
potential civil and criminal liability, temporary blockage of our website or complete
cessation of our website. For example, the State Secrecy Bureau, which is directly
responsible for the protection of state secrets of all Chinese government and Chinese
Communist Party organizations, is authorized to block any website it deems to be leaking
state secrets or failing to meet the relevant regulations relating to the protection of
state secrets in the distribution of online information. In addition, the newly amended Law
on Preservation of State Secrets which became effective on October 1, 2010 provides that
whenever an Internet service provider detects any leakage of state secrets in the
distribution of online information, it should stop the distribution of such information and
report to the authorities of state security and public security. As per request of the
authorities of state security, public security or state secrecy, the Internet service
provider should delete any contents on its website that may lead to disclosure of state
secrets. Failure to do so on a timely and adequate basis may subject us to liability and
certain penalties given by the State Security Bureau, Ministry of Public Security and/or MII
or their respective local counterparts. |
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Because the definition and interpretation of prohibited content are in many cases vague
and subjective, it is not always possible to determine or predict what and how content might
be prohibited under existing restrictions or restrictions that might be imposed in the
future. For example, in January 2005, the State Administration of Radio, Film and
Television, which regulates radio and television stations in China (SARFT), issued a
notice prohibiting commercials for MVAS related to fortune-telling from airing on radio
and television stations. Although this notice was repealed in November 2010, such prohibition remains effective according to other relevant regulations, which, could also lead to further
actions by other Chinese government authorities to prohibit the sale of such fortune-telling
related SMS, which |
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could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash
flows. SARFT or other Chinese governmental authorities may prohibit the marketing of other MVAS
via a channel we depend on to generate revenues, which could also have a material adverse
effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |
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Certain Chinese governmental authorities have stated publicly that they are in the
process of preparing new laws and regulations that will govern Internet activities. The
areas of regulation currently include, without limitation, online advertising, online news
reporting, online publishing, online education, online gaming, online transmission of
audio-visual programs, online health diagnosis and treatment, and the provision of
industry-specific (e.g., drug-related) information over the Internet. Other aspects of our
online operations, such as video podcasting or blog services may be subject to regulations
in the future. Our operations may not be consistent with these new regulations when they are
put into effect. As a result, we could be subject to severe penalties as discussed above,
which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of
operations and cash flow. For example, effective as of January 31, 2008, the Administrative
Provisions on Internet Audio-visual Program Service jointly promulgated by SARFT and MII on
December 20, 2007 (the Audio-visual Program Provisions) stipulate, among others, that any
entity engaged in Internet audio-visual program service must obtain a License for Online
Transmission of Audio-visual Programs issued by SARFT or register with SARFT; an applicant
for engaging in Internet audio-visual program service must be a state-owned entity or a
state-controlled entity with full corporate capacity; and the business to be carried out by
the applicant must satisfy the overall planning and guidance catalogue for Internet
audio-visual program service determined by SARFT. SARFT and MII jointly held a press
conference in February 2008 to answer questions with respect to the Audio-visual Program
Provisions. In that press conference, SARFT and MII clarified that the websites that existed
before the promulgation of the Audio-visual Program Provisions may, once they are registered
with SARFT, continue operating audio-visual services so long as those websites have not been
in violation of the laws and regulations. It is unclear based on the Audio-visual Program
Provisions whether such requirements only apply to the new market entrants for operating
Internet audio-visual program service or such requirements apply to both new applicants and
entities that have already obtained the License for Online Transmission of Audio-visual
Programs. |
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The Companys VIEs in China are not state-owned or state-controlled companies, and without the
clarification of SARFT and MII made in the above-mentioned press conference they may not be
qualified applicants for carrying out Internet audio-visual program services under the
Audio-visual Program Provisions. The ICP Company currently holds a License for Online
Transmission of Audio-visual Programs issued by SARFT valid through April 16, 2012, showing
that the ICP Company has been approved to carry out online transmission service of audio-visual
program within such validity term. According to the above-mentioned press conference, the ICP
Company is entitled to continue operating its online transmission service of audio-visual
program. Notwithstanding the foregoing, considering the requirements set out in the
Audio-visual Program Provisions, it is uncertain whether the ICP Company can successfully
procure the renewal of the License for Online Transmission of Audio-visual Programs after its
expiration. Should any official explanations or implementation rules of the Audio-visual
Program Provisions be promulgated by SARFT or MII explicitly forbidding any
non-state-controlled entities from engaging in Internet audio-visual program service, SINA may
be disqualified from operating online transmission of audio-visual programs after the License
for Online Transmission of Audio-visual Programs currently held by the ICP Company expires. |
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The governing bodies of Chinas mobile industry from time to time issue policies that
regulate the business practices relating to MVAS. We cannot predict the timing or substance
of such new regulations, which may have a negative impact on our business. |
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On June 4, 2009, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Commerce jointly published
the Notice of the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Commerce on Strengthening
the Administration of Online Game Virtual Currency, which provides that any
enterprise engaging in the business of issuance of online game
virtual currency or
online game virtual currency trading services shall obtain approval from the Ministry
of Culture.
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On September 28, 2009, the General Administration of Press and Publication (GAPP,
formerly the State Press and Publications Administration (SPPA)), the National Copyright
Administration and the National Office of Combating Pornography and Illegal Publications
jointly published the Notice Regarding the Consistent Implementation of the Stipulations on
Three Provisions of the State Council and the Relevant Interpretations of the State
Commission Office for Public Sector Reform and the Further Strengthening of the
Administration of Pre-examination and Approval of Internet Games and the Examination and
Approval of Imported Internet Games (Circular 13). Circular 13 expressly prohibits
foreign investors from participating in Internet game operating business via wholly owned,
equity joint venture or cooperative joint venture investments in China, and from controlling
and participating in such businesses directly or indirectly through contractual or technical
support arrangements. It is not clear yet as to whether other PRC government authorities,
such as the MOFCOM and MII will support GAPP to enforce the prohibition of the VIE model
that Circular 13 contemplates. |
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On June 3, 2010, the Ministry of Culture (MCPRC) promulgated the Interim Measures for
Administration of Online Games, or the Online Games
Measures, which became effective on
August 1, 2010. The Online Games Measures reiterate that any online games operator should
obtain an Online Culture Operating Permit to engage in online game services. In addition,
the contents of any imported online games should be examined and approved by MCPRC before
they are operated within China, and any domestic online games should be registered with
MCPRC. |
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The interpretation and application of existing Chinese laws, regulations and policies, the
stated positions of relevant PRC authorities and possible new laws, regulations or policies have created substantial
uncertainties regarding the legality of existing and future foreign investments in, and the
businesses and activities of, Internet businesses in China, including our business. See Government
Regulation and Legal Uncertainties below for more details.
In order to comply with PRC regulatory requirements, we operate our main businesses through
companies with which we have contractual relationships but in which we do not have controlling
ownership. If the PRC government determines that our agreements with these companies are not in
compliance with applicable regulations, our business in the PRC could be adversely affected.
The Chinese government restricts foreign investment in Internet-related and MVAS businesses,
including Internet access, distribution of content over the Internet and MVAS. Accordingly, we
operate our Internet-related and MVAS businesses in China through several VIEs that are PRC
domestic companies owned principally or completely by certain of our PRC employees or PRC employees
of our directly-owned subsidiaries. We control these companies and operate these businesses through
contractual arrangements with the respective companies and their individual owners, but we have no
equity control over these companies. Such restrictions and arrangements are prevalent in other PRC
companies we have acquired. See Item 4.C. Organizational Structure.
We cannot be sure that the PRC government would view our operating arrangements to be in
compliance with PRC licensing, registration or other regulatory requirements, including without
limitation the requirements described in the MII Circular 2006, with existing policies or with
requirements or policies that may be adopted in the future. If we are determined not to be in
compliance, the PRC government could levy fines, revoke our business and operating licenses,
require us to discontinue or restrict our operations, restrict our right to collect revenues, block
our website, require us to restructure our business, corporate structure or operations, impose
additional conditions or requirements with which we may not be able to comply, impose restrictions
on our business operations or on our customers, or take other regulatory or enforcement actions
against us that could be harmful to our business. We may also encounter difficulties in obtaining
performance under or enforcement of related contracts. For example, as part of the contractual arrangements described above, our relevant subsidiaries
and the employee shareholders of the VIEs entered into equity pledge agreements pursuant to
which the employee shareholders of the VIEs pledged their respective equity interests in the VIEs
to our respective subsidiaries. According to the PRC Property Rights Law, such pledges will only
be effective upon registration with the relevant local office for the administration for industry and
commerce. Before a successful registration of the equity pledges, we cannot assure you that the
effectiveness of such pledges can be recognized in PRC courts if disputes arise regarding the
pledged equity interests or that our subsidiaries interests as pledgee will prevail over those of
third parties. The Company is in the process of obtaining the relevant registrations.
We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIEs for our China operations, which may not be as
effective in providing control over these entities as direct ownership.
Because PRC regulations restrict our ability to provide Internet content and MVAS directly in
China, we are dependent on our VIEs in which we have little or no equity ownership interest and
must rely on contractual arrangements to control and operate these businesses. These contractual
arrangements may not be as effective in providing control over these entities as direct ownership.
For example, the VIEs could fail to take actions required for our business or fail to maintain our
China websites despite their contractual obligation to do so. These companies are able to transact
business with parties not affiliated with us. If these companies fail to perform under their
agreements with us, we may have to rely on legal remedies under Chinese law, which we cannot be
sure would be available. In addition, we cannot be certain that the individual equity owners of the
VIEs would always act in the best interests of SINA, especially if they leave SINA.
Substantially all profits generated from our VIEs are paid to our subsidiaries in China
through related party transactions under contractual agreements. We believe that the terms of these
contractual agreements are in compliance with the laws in China. Due to the uncertainties
surrounding the interpretation of the transfer pricing rules relating to related party transactions
in China, it is possible that in the future tax authorities in China may challenge the prices that
we have used for related party transactions among our entities in China. In the event the tax
authorities challenge our VIE structure, we may be forced to restructure our business operation,
which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Even if we are in compliance with Chinese governmental regulations relating to licensing and
foreign investment prohibitions, the Chinese government may prevent us from advertising or
distributing content that it believes is inappropriate and we may be liable for such content or we
may have to stop profiting from such content.
China has enacted regulations governing Internet access and the distribution of news and other
information. In the past, the Chinese government has stopped the distribution of information over
the Internet or through MVAS that it believes to violate Chinese law, including content that it
believes is obscene, incites violence, endangers national security, is contrary to the national
interest or is defamatory. In addition, we may not publish certain news items, such as news
relating to national security, without permission from the Chinese government. Furthermore, the
Ministry of Public Security has the authority to cause any local Internet service provider to block
any websites maintained outside China at its sole discretion. Even if we comply with Chinese
governmental regulations relating to licensing and foreign investment prohibitions, if the Chinese
government were to take any action to limit or prohibit the distribution of information through our
network or via our MVAS, or to limit or regulate any current or future content or services
available to users on our network, our business could be significantly harmed.
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Because the definition and interpretation of prohibited content is in many cases vague and
subjective, it is not always possible to determine or predict what and how content might be
prohibited under existing restrictions or restrictions that might be imposed in the future. At the
end of July 2004, our IVR service was temporarily terminated by China Mobile for violating certain
operating procedures. One of the violations cited in the notice for temporary termination was that
we had provided inappropriate content to our mobile subscribers through our IVR service. We are not
sure whether operators including China Mobile and China Unicom or the Chinese government will find
our other mobile content inappropriate and therefore prevent us from operating the MVAS relating to
such content in the future. If they prevent us from offering such services, our profit from MVAS
will suffer.
In January 2005, SARFT, which regulates radio and television stations in China, issued a
notice prohibiting commercials for MVAS related to fortune-telling from airing on radio and
television stations. SARFT or other Chinese government authorities may
prohibit the marketing of other MVAS via a channel we depend on to generate revenues, which could
have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We are also subject to potential liability for content on our websites that is deemed
inappropriate and for any unlawful actions of our subscribers and other users of our systems.
Furthermore, we are required to delete content that clearly violates the laws of China and report
content that we suspect may violate Chinese law. It is difficult to determine the type of content
that may result in liability for us, and if we are wrong, we may be prevented from operating our
websites.
Our business may be adversely affected if we cannot obtain an online payment service license
On June 14, 2010, the Peoples Bank of China (the PBOC) issued the Non-Financial
Institutions Payment Services Regulation Measures (the Payment Measures), which went into effect
on September 1, 2010. The Payment Measures require all non-financial institutions engaged in any
online payment services to obtain an online payment service license from the PBOC within a one-year
grace period starting September 1, 2010. Failure to obtain an online payment service license will
lead to the termination of the right to provide online payment services. We are in the process of
applying for an online payment service license. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able
to obtain the required license. If we cannot obtain the license, our business, including e-commerce online games and eReading may be adversely affected.
We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could cause us to be
less competitive.
We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on
disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. Despite our efforts to protect our
proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our
technology. Monitoring unauthorized use of our products is difficult and costly, and we cannot be
certain that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our technology, particularly
in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the
United States. From time to time, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual
property rights, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources.
We may be exposed to infringement claims by third parties, which, if successful, could cause us to
pay significant damage awards.
Third parties may initiate litigation against us alleging infringement of their proprietary
rights. In the event of a successful claim of infringement and our failure or inability to develop
non-infringing technology or license the infringed or similar technology on a timely basis, our
business could be harmed. In addition, even if we are able to license the infringed or similar
technology, license fees could be substantial and may adversely affect our results of operations.
The high cost of Internet access could hinder the growth of Internet users in China and thus
hamper the expansion of our user base.
The cost of Internet access might prevent some users from accessing the Internet and thus
cause the growth of Internet users to decelerate. Such deceleration may adversely affect our
ability to continue to expand our user base and increase our attractiveness to online advertisers.
If we fail to scale our systems proportionally with the growing Internet population in China, our
website traffic growth could be adversely affected.
The traffic in China has experienced significant growth during the past few years. Effective bandwidth
and server storage space at Internet data centers in large cities such as Beijing are scarce. If
we were unable to increase our online content and service delivering capacity accordingly, we may
not be able to continuously grow our website traffic and the
adoption of our products may be hindered, which could adversely impact our business and stock price.
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Our operations could be disrupted by unexpected network interruptions caused by system failures,
natural disasters or unauthorized tampering with our systems.
The continual accessibility of websites and the performance and reliability of our network
infrastructure are critical to our reputation and our ability to attract and retain users,
advertisers and merchants. Any system failure or performance inadequacy that causes interruptions
in the availability of our services or increases the response time of our services could reduce our
appeal to advertisers and consumers. Factors that could significantly disrupt our operations
include: system failures and outages caused by fire, floods, earthquakes, power loss,
telecommunications failures and similar events; software errors; computer viruses, break-ins and
similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems; and security breaches
related to the storage and transmission of proprietary information, such as credit card numbers or
other personal information.
We have limited backup systems and redundancy. In the past, we experienced an unauthorized
tampering of the mail server of our China websites which briefly disrupted our operations. Future
disruptions or any of the foregoing factors could damage our reputation, require us to expend
significant capital and other resources and expose us to a risk of loss or litigation and possible
liability. We do not carry sufficient business interruption insurance to compensate for losses that
may occur as a result of any of these events. Accordingly, our revenues and results of operations
may be adversely affected if any of the above disruptions should occur.
We have contracted with third parties to provide content and services for our portal network
and MVAS and we may lose users and revenues if these arrangements are terminated.
We have arrangements with a number of third parties to provide content and services to our
websites. In the area of content, we have relied and will continue to rely on
third parties for the majority of the content that we publish under the SINA brand. Although no single third-party
content provider is critical to our operations, if these parties fail to develop and maintain
high-quality and successful media properties, or if a large number of our existing relationships
are terminated, we could lose users and advertisers and our brand could be harmed.
In addition, the Chinese government has
the ability to restrict or prevent state-owned media from cooperating with us in providing certain
content to us, which will result in a significant decrease of the amount of content we can publish
on our websites. We may lose users if the Chinese government chooses to restrict or prevent
state-owned media from cooperating with us, in which case our revenues will be impacted negatively.
In the area of web-based services, we have contracted with
various third-party providers for our principal Internet connections. If we experience significant
interruptions or delays in service, or if these agreements terminate or expire, we may incur
additional costs to develop or secure replacement services and our relationship with our users
could be harmed.
A substantial part of our non-advertising revenues is generated through MVAS where we depend
on mobile network operators for services delivery and payment collection. If we are unable to
continue these arrangements, our MVAS could be severely disrupted or discontinued. Furthermore, we
are highly dependent on these mobile service providers for our profitability in that they can
choose to increase their service fees at will.
We depend on a third partys proprietary and licensed advertising serving technology to
deliver advertisements to our network. If the third party fails to continue to support its
technology or if its services fail to meet the advertising needs of our customers and we cannot
find an alternative solution on a timely basis, our advertising revenues could decline.
Increases in competition and market
prices for professionally produced content may have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
We have recently experienced significant
fee increases from some of our content
providers in the areas of sports and entertainment video content and
other professionally produced content. Competition for quality
content for online advertising is intense in China. We are
seeing well-capitalized competitors, both private and newly listed companies, who
operate on a net-loss basis.
If we are unable to secure a large portfolio of quality content due
to prohibitive cost, or if we are unable to manage our content acquisition
costs effectively and generate sufficient revenues to outpace the
increase in content spending, our financial condition and results of operation may be adversely affected.
Concerns about the security of e-commerce transactions and confidentiality of information on the
Internet may reduce use of our network and impede our growth.
A significant barrier to e-commerce and communications over the Internet in general has been a
public concern over security and privacy, especially the transmission of confidential information.
If these concerns are not adequately addressed, they may inhibit the growth of the Internet and
other online services generally, especially as a means of conducting commercial transactions. If a
well-publicized Internet breach of security were to occur, general Internet usage could decline,
which could reduce traffic to our destination sites and impede our growth.
The law of the Internet remains largely unsettled, which subjects our business to legal
uncertainties that could harm our business.
Due to the increasing popularity and use of the Internet and other online services, it is
possible that a number of laws and regulations may be adopted with respect to the Internet or other
online services covering issues such as user privacy, pricing,
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content, copyrights, distribution, antitrust and characteristics and quality of products and
services. Furthermore, the growth and development of the market for e-commerce may prompt calls for
more stringent consumer protection laws that may impose additional burdens on companies conducting
business online. The adoption of additional laws or regulations may decrease the growth of the
Internet or other online services, which could, in turn, decrease the demand for our products and
services and increase our cost of doing business.
Moreover, the applicability to the Internet and other online services of existing laws in
various jurisdictions governing issues such as property ownership, sales and other taxes, libel and
personal privacy is uncertain and may take years to resolve. For example, new tax regulations may
subject us or our customers to additional sales and income taxes. Any new legislation or
regulation, the application of laws and regulations from jurisdictions whose laws do not currently
apply to our business, or the application of existing laws and regulations to the Internet and
other online services could significantly disrupt our operations or subject us to penalties.
We may be subject to claims based on the content we provide over our network and the products and
services sold on our network, which, if successful, could cause us to pay significant damage
awards.
As a publisher and distributor of content and a provider of services over the Internet, we
face potential liability for defamation, negligence, copyright, patent or trademark infringement
and other claims based on the nature and content of the materials that we publish or distribute;
the selection of listings that are accessible through our branded products and media properties, or
through content and materials that may be posted by users in our classifieds, message board, chat
room services, microblog, blog, video podcasting and other areas on our websites; losses incurred
in reliance on any erroneous information published by us, such as stock quotes, analyst estimates
or other trading information; unsolicited email, lost or misdirected messages, illegal or
fraudulent use of email or interruptions or delays in email service; and product liability,
warranty and similar claims to be asserted against us by end users who purchase goods and services
through SINA Mall and any future e-commerce services we may offer.
We may incur significant costs in investigating and defending any potential claims, even if
they do not result in liability. Although we carry general liability insurance, our insurance may
not cover potential claims of this type and may not be adequate to indemnify us against all
potential liabilities.
We may be subject to litigation for user-generated content provided on our websites, which may be
time-consuming to defend.
User-generated content (UGC) has become an important source of content to draw traffic to our
website. Our UGC platforms, including microblog, blog, video podcasting, audio streaming and
album, are open to the public for posting. Although we have required our users to post only decent
and unobtrusive materials and have set up screening procedures, a third party may still find UGC
postings on our website offensive and take action against us in connection with the posting of such
information. As with other companies who provide UGC on their websites, we have had to deal with
such claims in the past and anticipate that such claims will increase as UGC becomes more popular
in China. Any such claim, with or without merit, could be time-consuming and costly to defend, and
may result in litigation and divert managements attention and resources.
We may have to register our encryption software with Chinese regulatory authorities, and if they
request that we change our encryption software, our business operations could be disrupted as we
develop or license replacement software.
Pursuant to the Regulations for the Administration of Commercial Encryption promulgated at the
end of 1999, foreign and domestic Chinese companies operating in China are required to seek
approval from the Office of the State for Cipher Code Administration (OSCCA), the Chinese
encryption regulatory authority, for the commercial encryption products they use; companies
operating in China are allowed to use only commercial cipher code products approved by OSCCA and
are prohibited to use self-developed or imported cipher code products without approval. In
addition, all cipher code products shall be produced by those producers appointed and approved by
OSCCA. In December 2005, OSCCA further released a series of rules, effective January 1, 2006,
regulating many aspects of commercial cipher code products in detail, including development,
production and sales.
Because these regulations do not specify what constitutes a cipher code product, we are unsure
as to whether or how they apply to us and the encryption software we utilize. We may be required to
register, or apply for permits with OSCCA for, our current or future encryption software. If
Chinese regulatory authorities request that we register our encryption software or change our
current encryption software to an approved cipher code product produced by an appointed producer,
it could disrupt our business operations.
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Privacy concerns may prevent us from selling demographically targeted advertising in the future
and make us less attractive to advertisers.
We collect personal data from our user base in order to better understand our users and their
needs and to help our advertisers target specific demographic groups. If privacy concerns or
regulatory restrictions prevent us from selling demographically targeted advertising, we may become
less attractive to advertisers. For example, as part of our future advertisement delivery system,
we may integrate user information such as advertisement response rate, name, address, age or email
address, with third-party databases to generate comprehensive demographic profiles for individual
users. In Hong Kong, however, we would be in violation of the Hong Kong Personal Data Ordinance
unless individual users expressly consented to this integration of their personal information. The
ordinance provides that an Internet company may not collect information about its users, analyze
the information for a profile of the users interests and sell or transmit the profiles to third
parties for direct marketing purposes without the users consent. If we are unable to construct
demographic profiles of Internet users because they refuse to give consent, we will be less
attractive to advertisers and our business could suffer.
We must rely on the Chinese government to develop Chinas Internet infrastructure and, if it does
not develop this infrastructure, our ability to grow our business could be hindered.
The telecommunications infrastructure in China is not well developed. Although private sector
ISPs exists in China, almost all access to the Internet is accomplished through ChinaNet, Chinas
primary commercial network, which is owned and operated by China Telecom under the administrative
control and regulatory supervision of MII. Although the Chinese government has announced plans to
aggressively develop the national information infrastructure, we cannot assure you that this
infrastructure will be timely developed. We have experienced slower response time and suffered
outages in the past due to equipment and software downtime as well as bandwidth issues with
operators. Although these instances have not had a material adverse effect on the Companys
business, such instances could have a material impact on its business in the future. In addition,
we have no guarantee that we will have access to alternative networks and services in the event of
any disruption or failure. If the necessary infrastructure standards or protocols or complementary
products, services or facilities are not timely developed by the Chinese government, the growth of
our business could be hindered.
Political and economic conditions in Greater China and the rest of Asia are unpredictable and may
disrupt our operations if these conditions become unfavorable to our business.
We expect to continue to derive a substantial percentage of our revenues from the Greater
China market. Changes in political or economic conditions in the region are difficult to predict
and could adversely affect our operations or cause the Greater China market to become less
attractive to advertisers, which could reduce our revenues. We maintain a strong local identity and
presence in each of the regions in the Greater China market and we cannot be sure that we will be
able to effectively maintain this local identity if political conditions were to change. The growth
rate of the Chinese economy, and neighboring economies, slowed significantly in the wake of the
global financial crisis.
Economic reforms in the region could also affect our business in ways that are difficult to
predict. For example, since the late 1970s, the Chinese government has been reforming the Chinese
economic system to emphasize enterprise autonomy and the utilization of market mechanisms. Although
we believe that these reform measures have had a positive effect on the economic development in
China, we cannot be sure that they will be effective or that they will benefit our business.
Future outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), H1N1 flu (Swine flu), Avian flu
or other widespread public health problems could adversely affect our business.
Future outbreaks of SARS, Swine flu, Avian flu or other widespread public health problems in
China and surrounding areas, where most of our employees work, could negatively impact our business
in ways that are hard to predict. Prior experience with the SARS virus suggests that a future
outbreak of SARS, Swine flu, Avian flu or other widespread public health problems may lead public
health authorities to enforce quarantines, which could result in closures of some of our offices
and other disruptions of our operations. A future outbreak of SARS, Swine flu, Avian flu or other
widespread public health problems could result in the reduction of our advertising and fee-based
revenues.
We have limited business insurance coverage.
The insurance industry in China is still young and the business insurance products offered in
China are limited. We do not have any business liability or disruption insurance coverage for our
operations. Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster may cause us to incur
substantial costs and divert our resources.
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Our significant amount of deposits in certain banks in China may be at risk if these banks go
bankrupt or otherwise do not have the liquidity to pay us during our deposit period.
As of December 31, 2010, we had approximately $597.0 million in cash and bank deposits, such
as time deposits (with terms generally up to twelve months) and bank notes, with large domestic
banks in China. The remaining cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were held by
financial institutions in Hong Kong, Taiwan and the United States. The terms of these deposits are,
in general, up to twelve months. Historically, deposits in Chinese banks are secure due to the
state policy on protecting depositors interests. However, China promulgated a new Bankruptcy Law
in August 2006, which came into effect on June 1, 2007, which contains a separate article expressly
stating that the State Council may promulgate implementation measures for the bankruptcy of Chinese
banks based on the Bankruptcy Law. Under the new Bankruptcy Law, a Chinese bank may go bankrupt. In
addition, since Chinas concession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), foreign banks have been
gradually permitted to operate in China and have been strong competitors against Chinese banks in
many aspects, especially since the opening of RMB business to foreign banks in late 2006.
Therefore, the risk of bankruptcy or illiquidity of those Chinese banks in which we have deposits
has increased. In the event of bankruptcy or illiquidity of any one of the banks which holds our
deposits, we are unlikely to claim our deposits back in full since we are unlikely to be classified
as a secured creditor based on PRC laws.
If tax benefits available to us in China are reduced or repealed, our results of operations could
suffer significantly and your investment in our shares may be adversely affected.
We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands where no income taxes are imposed for business
operated outside of the Cayman Islands. We have operations in four tax jurisdictions including
China, the U.S., Hong Kong and Taiwan. For the U.S., Hong Kong and Taiwan, we have incurred net
accumulated operating losses for income tax purposes. We believe that it is more likely than not
that these net accumulated operating losses will not be utilized to offset taxable income in the
future and hence we have not recognized income tax benefits for these locations. We do not expect
that we will record any income tax provisions for our operations in the U.S., Hong Kong and Taiwan
in the foreseeable future.
We generated substantially all our net income from our China operations. Our China operations
are conducted through various subsidiaries and VIEs.
Due to our operation and tax structures in the PRC, we have entered into technical and other
service agreements between our directly-owned subsidiaries and our VIEs in the PRC. We incur a
business tax of up to 5% when our directly-owned subsidiaries receive the fees from the VIEs
pursuant to such service agreements, which we include in our operating expenses as the cost of
transferring economic benefit generated from these VIEs. Due to the uncertainties surrounding the
interpretation of the tax transfer pricing rules relating to related party transactions in the PRC,
it is possible that tax authorities in the PRC might in the future challenge the transfer prices
that we used for the related party transactions among our entities in the PRC.
Beginning January 1, 2008, the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the EIT Law) and the
Implementing Rules of the EIT Law (the Implementing Rules) approved by the State Council became
effective in China, which require, among other things, enterprises in China to submit their annual
enterprise income tax returns together with a report on transactions with their affiliates to the
relevant tax authorities. The EIT Law and the Implementing Rules emphasize the arms length basis
for transactions between related entities. If PRC tax authorities were to determine that our
transfer pricing structure were not on an arms length basis and therefore constitute a favorable
transfer pricing, they could request that our VIEs adjust their taxable income upward for PRC tax
purposes. Such a pricing adjustment could adversely affect us by increasing our VIEs tax expenses,
which could subject our VIEs to late payment fees and other penalties for underpayment of taxes,
and/or could result in the loss of tax benefits available to our subsidiaries in China.
The EIT Law supplemented by the
Implementing Rules supersedes the previous Income Tax Law for
Foreign-Invested Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises (the
Previous IT Law) and unifies the enterprise income tax rate for foreign-invested enterprises
(FIEs) and domestic enterprises at 25%. High and new technology enterprises will continue to
enjoy a preferential tax rate of 15%, but must meet the criteria defined under the EIT Law and
related regulations. The EIT Law provides for a five-year transitional period for certain entities
that enjoyed a favorable income tax rate of less than 25% and/or a preferential tax holiday under
the Previous IT Law and were established before March 16, 2007, during which period the applicable
enterprise income tax rate shall gradually increase to 25%. In addition, the EIT Law provides
grandfather treatment for high and new technology enterprises that received special tax holidays
under the Previous IT Law, which allows them to continue to enjoy their tax holidays until
expiration provided that specific conditions are met. In
December 2010, three of our subsidiaries in
China were qualified as high and new technology enterprises under the EIT Law. In addition, certain
VIEs in China enjoy a favorable income tax rate of less than 25%. According to the EIT Law and the
Administration Measures for Recognition of High and new Technology Enterprises, which were jointly
promulgated by the Ministry of Science & Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the State
Administration of Taxation on April 14, 2008, the high and new technology enterprise status of our
three subsidiaries is subject to an annual review and may be overturned by the Municipal Science &
Technology Commission in the future. The EIT Law is relatively new and implementation practices are
still
22
being defined. If tax benefits available to us as high and new technology enterprises in China
are reduced or repealed, our net effective tax rate may increase to as high as 25%.
The EIT Law also provides that an
enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country or
region but whose de facto management body is located in the PRC be treated as a resident
enterprise for PRC tax purposes and consequently be subject to the PRC income tax at the rate of
25% for its global income. The Implementing Rules of the EIT Law merely defines the location of the
de facto management body as the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall
management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, properties,
etc., of a non-PRC company is located. Based on a review of surrounding facts and circumstances,
we do not believe that it is likely that our operations outside the PRC should be considered a
resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, due to limited guidance and implementation
history of the EIT Law, if SINA is treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes, we will
be subject to PRC tax on worldwide income at a uniform tax rate of 25% retroactive to January 1,
2008.
Dividends payable to us by our PRC subsidiaries may be subject to PRC withholding taxes and
dividends distributed to our non-PRC investors and gains realized
by our non-PRC shareholders from the transfer of our shares may be subject
to PRC withholding taxes under the EIT Law.
The EIT Law imposes a 10% withholding income tax on dividends generated on or after January 1,
2008 and distributed by a resident enterprise to its foreign investors, if such foreign investors
are considered as non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the
received dividends have no connection with such foreign investors establishment or place within
China, unless such foreign investors jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China
that provides for a different withholding arrangement. Such withholding income tax was exempted
under the Previous IT Law. The Cayman Islands, where we are incorporated, does not have such tax
treaty with China. According to the arrangement between Mainland China and Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion in
August 2006, dividends paid by an FIE to its foreign investors in Hong Kong will be subject to
withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5% (if the foreign investor owns directly at least 25% of
the shares of the FIE).
The State Administration of Taxation further promulgated a circular, or Circular 601, on October
27, 2009, which provides that tax treaty benefits will be denied to conduit or shell companies
without business substance and that a beneficial ownership analysis will be used based on a
substance-over-form principle to determine whether or not to grant the tax treaty benefits.
A majority of our subsidiaries in China are directly invested in and held by
Hong Kong registered entities. If we are regarded as a non-resident enterprise and our Hong Kong
entities are regarded as resident enterprises, then our Hong Kong entities may be required to pay a
10% withholding tax on any dividends payable to us. If our Hong Kong entities are regarded as
non-resident enterprises, then our subsidiaries in China will be required to pay a 5% withholding
tax for any dividends payable to our Hong Kong entities provided that specific conditions are met.
However, it is still unclear at this stage whether Circular 601 applies to dividends from our PRC
subsidiaries paid to our Hong Kong subsidiaries and if our Hong Kong subsidiaries were not
considered as beneficial owners of any dividends from their PRC subsidiaries, the dividends
payable to our Hong Kong subsidiaries would be subject to withholding tax at a rate of 10%.
In either case, the amount of funds available to us, including the payment of dividends to our
shareholders, could be materially reduced. In addition, because there remains uncertainty regarding
the concept of the place of de facto management body, if we are regarded as a PRC resident
enterprise, under the EIT Law, any dividends to be distributed by us to our non-PRC shareholders
will be subject to PRC withholding tax. We also cannot guarantee that any gains realized by such
non-PRC shareholders from the transfer of our shares will not be subject to PRC withholding tax. If
we are required under the EIT Law to withhold PRC income tax on our dividends payable to our
non-PRC shareholders or any gains realized by our non-PRC shareholders from transfer of the shares,
their investment in our shares may be materially and adversely affected. The current policy
approved by our Board allows us to distribute PRC earnings offshore only if we do not have to pay a
dividend tax. Such policy may require us to reinvest all earnings made since 2008 onshore
indefinitely or be subject to a significant withholding tax should our policy change to allow for
earnings distribution offshore.
We may be subject to a significant withholding tax should equity transfers by our non-China tax
resident enterprises be determined to have been done without a reasonable business purpose.
In December 2009, the State Administration of Tax in China issued a circular on strengthening
the management of proceeds from equity transfers by non-China tax resident enterprises and requires
foreign entities to report indirect sales of China tax resident enterprises. If the existence of
the overseas intermediary holding company is disregarded due to lack of reasonable business purpose
or substance, gains on such sale are subject to PRC withholding tax.
We believe that there was reasonable business purpose for the merger of China Online Housing
Technology Corporation (COHT) with CRIC, which was to realize the business synergy created by the
merger to form a real estate information services platform both online and offline with diversified
revenue streams, serving both real estate businesses and consumers. The merger of COHT with CRIC
was made with the intent to vertically integrate the selling of real estate data and consulting
services (B2B) with online advertising (B2C) and to leverage the strength of CRICs offline
resources with SINAs online strengths. Together, COHT and CRIC became a real estate information,
consulting and advertising space in China. The simultaneous initial public offering allowed the
combined company to raise additional capital to fund its future growth. Due to limited guidance and
implementation history of the new circular, significant judgment is required in the determination
of a reasonable business purpose for an equity transfer by our non-China tax resident entity by
considering factors, including but not limited to, the form and substance of the arrangement, time
of establishment of the foreign entity, relationship between each step of the arrangement,
relationship between each component of the arrangement, implementation of the arrangement and the
changes in the financial position of all parties involved in the transaction. Although we believe
that it is more likely than not the said transaction would be
23
determined as one with a reasonable business purpose, should this not be the case, we would be
subject to a significant withholding tax that could materially and adversely impact our financial
position, results of operations and cash flows.
Restrictions on paying dividends or making other payments to us bind our subsidiaries and VIEs in
China.
We are a holding company and do not have any assets or conduct any business operations in
China other than our investments in our entities in China, including SINA.com Technology (China)
Co., Ltd. (STC), SINA Technology (China) Co., Ltd. (SNTC), Beijing New Media Information
Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing SINA Advertising Co. Ltd., SINA (Shanghai) Management Co. Ltd.,
Shanghai SINA Advertising Co. Ltd., Fayco Network Technology Development (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd., and
our VIEs. As a result, if our non-China operations require cash from China, we would depend on
dividend payments from our subsidiaries in China for our revenues after they receive payments from
our VIEs in China under various services and other arrangements. We cannot make any assurance that
our subsidiaries in China can continue to receive the payments as arranged under our contracts with
those VIEs. To the extent that these VIEs have undistributed
after-tax net income, we will have to pay
tax on behalf of the employees when we try to distribute the dividends from these local entities in
the future. Such withholding individual income tax rate is 20%. In addition, under Chinese law, our
subsidiaries are only allowed to pay dividends to us out of their distributable earnings, if any,
as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. Moreover, our
Chinese subsidiaries are required to set aside at least 10% of their respective after-tax profit
each year, if any, to fund certain mandated reserve funds, unless these reserves have reached 50%
of their registered capital. These reserve funds are not payable or distributable as cash
dividends.
The Chinese government also imposes controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign
currencies and the remittance of currency out of China in certain cases. We have experienced and
may continue to experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to
obtain and remit foreign currency. See Currency fluctuations and restrictions on currency exchange
may adversely affect our business, including limiting our ability to convert Chinese renminbi into
foreign currencies and, if Chinese renminbi were to decline in value, reducing our revenues and
profits in U.S. dollar terms. If we or any of our subsidiaries are unable to receive all of the
revenues from our operations through these contractual or dividend arrangements, we may be unable
to effectively finance our operations or pay dividends on our ordinary shares.
Currency fluctuations and restrictions on currency exchange may adversely affect our business,
including limiting our ability to convert Chinese renminbi into foreign currencies and, if Chinese
renminbi were to decline in value, reducing our revenues and profits in U.S. dollar terms.
Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar and our operations in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan use
their respective local currencies as their functional currencies. The majority of our revenues
derived and expenses incurred are in Chinese RMB with a relatively small amount in New Taiwan
dollars, Hong Kong dollars and U.S. dollars. We are subject to the effects of exchange rate
fluctuations with respect to any of these currencies. For example, the value of the RMB depends to
a large extent on Chinese government policies and Chinas domestic and international economic and
political developments, as well as supply and demand in the local market. Starting July 2005, the
Chinese government changed its policy of pegging the value of Chinese RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under
the new policy, Chinese RMB has fluctuated within a narrow and managed band against a basket of
certain foreign currencies. As a result of this policy change, Chinese RMB appreciated
approximately 6.4%, less than 1.0% and 3.0% against the U.S. dollar in 2008, 2009 and 2010,
respectively. It is possible that the Chinese government will adopt a more flexible currency
policy, which could result in more significant fluctuations of Chinese RMB against the U.S. dollar.
We can offer no assurance that Chinese RMB or any other foreign currency will be stable against the
U.S. dollar.
The income statements of our China, Hong Kong and Taiwan operations are translated into U.S.
dollars at the average exchange rates in each applicable period. To the extent the U.S. dollar
strengthens against foreign currencies, the translation of these foreign currency denominated
transactions results in reduced revenues, operating expenses and net income for our international
operations. Similarly, to the extent the U.S. dollar weakens against foreign currencies, the
translation of Chinese RMB, Hong Kong Dollar and New Taiwan Dollar denominated transactions results
in increased revenues, operating expenses and net income for our international operations. We are
also exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as we convert the financial statements of our
foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars in consolidation. If there is a change in foreign currency
exchange rates, the conversion of the foreign subsidiaries financial statements into U.S. dollars
will lead to a translation gain or loss which is recorded as a component of other comprehensive
income. In addition, we have certain assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies
other than the relevant entitys functional currency. Changes in the functional currency value of
these assets and liabilities create fluctuations that will lead to a transaction gain or loss. We
have not entered into agreements or purchased instruments to hedge our exchange rate risks,
although we may do so in the future. The availability and effectiveness of any hedging transaction
may be limited and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exchange rate risks.
Although Chinese governmental policies were introduced in 1996 to allow the convertibility of
Chinese RMB into foreign currency for current account items, conversion of Chinese RMB into foreign
exchange for most of the capital items, such as
24
foreign direct investment, loans or securities, requires the approval of the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE. These approvals, however, do not guarantee the
availability of foreign currency. We cannot be sure that we will be able to obtain all required
conversion approvals for our operations or that Chinese regulatory authorities will not impose
greater restrictions on the convertibility of Chinese RMB in the future. Because a significant
amount of our future revenues may be in the form of Chinese RMB, our inability to obtain the
requisite approvals or any future restrictions on currency exchanges could limit our ability to
utilize revenue generated in Chinese RMB to fund our business activities outside China, or to repay
non-RMB-denominated obligations, including our debt obligations, which would have a material
adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operation.
We have $99 million of zero-coupon, convertible, subordinated notes due 2023, or possibly earlier
upon a change of control, which we may not be able to repay in cash and could result in dilution
of our basic earnings per share.
In July 2003, we issued $100 million of zero coupon convertible subordinated notes due July
15, 2023. As of December 31, 2010, the outstanding balance of our convertible notes was $99
million. On July 15 annually from 2007 to 2013, and on July 15, 2018, or upon a change of control,
holders of the notes may require us to repurchase all or a portion of the notes for cash. In
addition, each $1,000 principal amount of the notes is convertible into 38.7741 shares of our
ordinary shares prior to July 15, 2023 if the sale price of our ordinary shares issuable upon
conversion of the notes reaches a specified threshold or specified corporate transactions have
occurred. One of the conditions for conversion of the notes to SINA ordinary shares is that the
market price of SINA ordinary shares reaches a specified threshold for a defined period of time.
The specified thresholds are (i) during the period from issuance to July 15, 2022, if the sale
price of SINA ordinary shares, for each of any five consecutive trading days in the immediately
preceding fiscal quarter, exceeds 115% of the conversion price per ordinary share, and (ii) during
the period from July 15, 2022 to July 15, 2023, if the sale price of SINA ordinary shares on the
previous trading day is more than 115% of the conversion price per ordinary share. For the three
months ended March 31, 2011, the sale price of SINA ordinary shares exceeded the threshold set
forth in item (i) above for the required period of time. Therefore, the notes are convertible into
SINA ordinary shares during the three months ending June 30, 2011. Upon a conversion, we may choose
to pay the purchase price of the notes in cash, ordinary shares, or a combination of cash and
ordinary shares. We may not have enough cash on hand or have the ability to access cash to pay the
notes if holders ask for repayment on the various put dates, or upon a change of control, or at
maturity. In addition, the purchase of our notes with our ordinary shares or the conversion of the
notes into our ordinary shares could result in dilution of our basic earnings per share.
Changes to accounting pronouncements or taxation rules or practices may adversely affect our
reported results of operations or how we conduct our business.
A change in accounting pronouncements or taxation rules or practices can have a significant
effect on our reported results and may even affect our reporting of transactions completed before
the change is effective. For example, we adopted accounting guidance on stock-based compensation
starting January 1, 2006. This guidance requires us to measure compensation costs for all
stock-based compensation at fair value and take compensation charges equal to that value. The
method that we use to determine the fair value of share options is based upon, among other things,
the volatility of our ordinary shares. The method that we use to determine the fair value of
restricted share units is based upon the market price of our ordinary shares on the date of the
grant. The price of our ordinary shares has historically been volatile. Therefore, the requirement
to measure compensation costs for all stock-based compensation under this guidance could negatively
affect our profitability and the trading price of our ordinary shares. This guidance and the impact
of expensing on our reported results could also limit our ability to continue to use share options
or other share-based instruments as an incentive and retention tool, which could, in turn, hurt our
ability to recruit employees and retain existing employees. Other new accounting pronouncements or
taxation rules, such as accounting guidance on uncertain tax positions, the EIT Law in China which
was effective January 1, 2008, and various interpretations of accounting pronouncement or taxation
practice have been adopted and may be adopted in the future. These accounting standard and tax
regulation changes, future changes and the uncertainties surrounding current practices and
implementation procedures may adversely affect our reported financial results or the way we conduct
our business.
We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings if we are required to reassess our
goodwill or other amortizable intangible assets arising from acquisitions.
We are required under GAAP to review our amortizable intangible assets for impairment when
events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill is
required to be tested for impairment annually, or more frequently, if facts and circumstances
warrant a review. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances indicating that the
carrying value of our amortizable intangible assets may not be recoverable include a decline in
stock price and market capitalization and slower or declining growth rates in our industry. We may
be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our financial statements during the
period in which any impairment of our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets is determined.
25
Our MVAS business declined in 2010. We used the income approach with market approach to test
the reasonableness of our assessment of mobile goodwill and the assumptions used were based on the
information available to us at the time. Further decline in the performance of our mobile
operations, in the price over earnings multiples of our peers in the MVAS industry and other
factors may require us to record a significant charge to earnings if an impairment were determined
at a future date. As of December 31, 2010, goodwill related to our MVAS operation was approximately
$68.9 million, other goodwill and intangible assets were approximately $16.7 million. No
impairment charge for goodwill and other intangible assets was recognized in 2010.
While we believe that we currently have adequate internal control procedures in place, we are
still exposed to potential risks from legislation requiring companies to evaluate controls under
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, we have evaluated our
internal controls systems in order to allow management to report on, and our registered independent
public accounting firm to attest to, our internal controls, as required by Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We have performed the system and process evaluation and testing required in an
effort to comply with the management certification and auditor attestation requirements of Section
404. As a result, we have incurred additional expenses and a diversion of managements time. If we
are not able to continue to meet the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or with
adequate compliance, we might be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities,
such as the SEC or the NASDAQ. Any such action could adversely affect our financial results and the
market price of our ordinary shares.
Our stock price has been historically volatile and may continue to be volatile, which may make it
more difficult for you to resell shares when you want at prices you find attractive.
The trading price of our ordinary shares has been and may continue to be subject to
considerable daily fluctuations. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2010, the closing sale
prices of our ordinary shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market ranged from $32.00 to $76.36 per
share. Our stock price may fluctuate in response to a number of events and factors, such as
quarterly variations in operating results, announcements of technological innovations or new
products and media properties by us or our competitors, changes in financial estimates and
recommendations by securities analysts, the operating and stock price performance of other
companies that investors may deem comparable, new governmental restrictions or regulations and news
reports relating to trends in our markets. In addition, the stock market in general, and the market
prices for China-related and Internet-related companies in particular, have experienced extreme
volatility that often has been unrelated to the operating performance of such companies. These
broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the price of our ordinary shares,
regardless of our operating performance.
The Chinese legal system has inherent uncertainties that could limit the legal protections
available to you.
Our contractual arrangements with our VIEs in China are governed by the laws of the PRC.
Chinas legal system is based upon written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for
reference but are not binding on subsequent cases and have limited value as precedents. Since 1979,
the Chinese legislative bodies have promulgated laws and regulations dealing with economic matters
such as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commerce, taxation and trade.
However, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume
of published decisions and their non-binding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these
laws and regulations involve uncertainties, and therefore you may not have legal protections for
certain matters in China.
You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments
or bringing original actions in China based on United States or other foreign laws against us.
We conduct our operations in China and a significant portion of our assets is located in
China. In addition, some of our directors and executive officers reside within China, and
substantially all of the assets of these persons are located within China. As a result, it may not
be possible to effect service of process within the United States or elsewhere outside China upon
those directors or executive officers, including with respect to matters arising under U.S. federal
securities laws or applicable state securities laws. Moreover, our PRC counsel has advised us
that Chinese courts recognize and enforce judgments of foreign courts based on treaties on
recognizing and enforcing each others judgments or the reciprocal principle with foreign
countries. China does not have treaties with the U.S. and some other countries that provide for the
reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts. As a result, recognition and
enforcement in China of judgments of a court in these jurisdictions may be difficult or impossible.
26
We may be classified as a passive foreign investment company, which could result in adverse U.S.
tax consequences to U.S. investors.
As explained below, we may be classified as a passive foreign investment company (a PFIC)
for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the current or a future taxable year. In the event we are
determined to be a PFIC, our stock may become less attractive to U.S. investors, thus negatively
impacting the price of our stock.
Generally, if for any taxable year 75% or more of our gross income is passive income, or at
least 50% of the value of our assets (based on an average of the
quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable
to assets that are held for the production of, or produce, passive income, we would be
characterized as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To determine if at least 50% of our
assets are held for the production of, or produce, passive income, we may use the market
capitalization method of determining the value of our assets. Under the market capitalization
method, the total asset value of a company is considered to equal the fair market value of its
outstanding shares plus its outstanding indebtedness on a relevant testing date. Because the market
price of our ordinary shares is likely to fluctuate and may be volatile, and the market price may
affect the determination of whether we will be considered a PFIC, there can be no assurance that we
will not be considered a PFIC for any taxable year. If we are characterized as a PFIC for any year,
our U.S. shareholders may suffer adverse tax consequences, including having gains realized on the
sale of our ordinary shares treated as ordinary income, rather than capital gain, the loss of the
preferential rate applicable to any dividends received on our
ordinary shares by non-corporate investors who are U.S. Holders, as defined under Item 10E Taxation United
States Federal Taxation, and having potential interest charges apply to any dividends or the proceeds of
share sales.
Our executive officers have substantial influence over us and could delay or prevent a change in
corporate control.
Our executive officers, together with their affiliates, beneficially control, in the
aggregate, approximately 8.7% of our outstanding ordinary shares as
of May 25, 2011. As a result,
these shareholders, acting together, would have the ability to influence the outcome of matters
submitted to our shareholders for approval, including the election of directors and any merger,
consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. In addition, these shareholders,
acting together, would have the ability to influence the management and affairs of our company.
Accordingly, this concentration of ownership might harm the market price of our ordinary shares by:
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impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving us; or |
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discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to
obtain control of us. |
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and SINAs shareholder rights plan may
discourage our acquisition by a third party, which could limit our shareholders opportunity to
sell their shares at a premium.
Our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association include provisions that could
limit the ability of others to acquire control of us, modify our structure or cause us to engage in
change in control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving shareholders of
an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging
third parties from seeking to obtain control of us in a tender offer or from otherwise engaging in
a merger or similar transaction with us.
For example, our Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by our
shareholders, to issue up to 3,750,000 preference shares in one or more series and to fix the
powers and rights of these shares, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights,
terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights
associated with our ordinary shares. Preference shares could thus be issued quickly with terms
calculated to delay or prevent a change in control or make removal of management more difficult. In
addition, if the Board of Directors issues preference shares, the market price of our ordinary
shares may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares may be
adversely affected. Similarly, the Board of Directors may approve the issuance of debentures
convertible into voting shares, which may limit the ability of others to acquire control of us.
In addition, we have adopted a shareholder rights plan pursuant to which our existing
shareholders would have the right to purchase ordinary shares from the Company at half the market
price then prevailing in the event a person or group acquires more than 10% of our outstanding
ordinary shares on terms our Board of Directors does not approve. As a result, such rights could
cause substantial dilution to the holdings of the person or group which acquires more than 10%.
Accordingly, the shareholder rights plan may inhibit a change in control or acquisition and could
adversely affect a shareholders ability to realize a premium over the then prevailing market price
for the ordinary shares in connection with such a transaction.
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Item 4. Information on the Company
A. History and Development of the Company
SINA Corporation was founded in March 1999 through the merger of Beijing SINA Information
Technology Co. Ltd. and California-based SINANET.com. In April 2000, the Company completed its
initial public offering and was listed on the NASDAQ market. SINA, a Cayman Islands corporation, is
headquartered in Shanghai, China and has offices throughout mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and
the U.S. SINAs principal place of operations is located at 20/F Beijing Ideal International
Plaza, No. 58 Northwest 4th Ring Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100080, Peoples Republic of
China. The telephone number of SINA at this address is +8610 8262 8888.
The primary focus of SINAs operations is in China, where the majority of the Companys
revenues is derived. SINAs business operations in China are conducted primarily through
wholly-owned subsidiaries, including SINA.com Technology (China) Co. Ltd., SINA Technology (China)
Co. Ltd., Beijing New Media Information Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing
SINA Advertising Co. Ltd.,
SINA (Shanghai) Management Co. Ltd., Shanghai SINA Advertising Co. Ltd., Fayco Network Technology
Development (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd., T.CN Corporation and significant VIEs, including Beijing SINA Internet Information
Service Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Media Message Technologies, Inc., Beijing Star-Village Online Cultural
Development Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Wang Xing Technology Co., Ltd. and Beijing SINA Infinity
Advertising Co., Ltd.
From 1999 to 2001, SINAs growth was mainly driven by the online advertising business, which
generated the majority of the Companys revenues. In late 2001, SINA began offering MVAS under
arrangements with third-party mobile operators in the PRC and had experienced significant growth in
MVAS revenues up until 2004. Starting in 2005, the MVAS business was repeatedly disrupted by
changes in operator policies. On the advertising side, the Company has experienced growth in
recent years, except for 2009, when China was impacted by the global financial crisis. The Company
has grown organically and through acquisitions, partnerships and investments in recent years. For
example, SINA acquired Memestar Limited, an MVAS company, in 2003, Crillion Corporation, an MVAS
company, in 2004 and Davidhill Capital Inc., an instant messaging company, in 2004. In 2008, SINA
spun off its real estate and home decoration channels into its subsidiary China Online Housing
Technology Corporation (COHT) and sold a 34% interest to E-House. In October 2009, SINA injected
its online real estate advertising business into a majority-owned subsidiary and exchanged its
interest in COHT for a 33% interest in CRIC upon CRICs listing on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
In March 2011, SINA purchased 19% of the issued and outstanding shares of Mecox Lane Limited
(Mecox Lane), an online apparel and accessories company with offline presence.
B. Business Overview
Overview
SINA is an online media company and MVAS provider in the Peoples Republic of China and for
the global Chinese communities. With a branded network of localized websites targeting Greater
China and overseas Chinese, the Company provides services mainly through SINA.com (online news and
content), Weibo.com (microblog) and SINA Mobile (MVAS). Through these
businesses and properties and other business lines, SINA offers an array of services including
region-focused online portals, MVAS, microblog, blog, video and music streaming, photo sharing,
online games, email, search, classified listings, fee-based services, e-commerce and enterprise
e-solutions. The Company generates the majority of its revenues from online advertising and MVAS
offerings and, to a lesser extent, from fee-based services.
SINA offers distinct and targeted content on each of its region-specific websites and a range
of complementary offerings designed to broaden its user base and increase user traffic. The Company
aims to become the media platform of choice for Internet users to research and retrieve
information, share opinions and build social networks and for businesses to market and promote
their products and services. SINA offers a range of complementary offerings, all centered on its
core online media business, that are intended to enhance the attractiveness of its portal and
microblogging properties and strengthen its reach in the Chinese online community.
Market Opportunities
SINAs primary focus is on the China market. The success of our business is tied to the size
and vitality of Chinas economy. In a study published by the Chinese National Bureau of Statistics,
Chinas gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010 grew 10.3% year-on-year to $5.9 trillion, making it
the second largest economy in the world. According to the survey by China Internet Network
Information Center (CNNIC), the number of Internet users in China grew 19.1% year-over-year to
457 million at the end of 2010. The large user base makes China an attractive market for the
Company to expand its product offerings and to grow its revenue streams. According to the latest
survey by CNNIC, 98% of the Internet users in China have access to broadband. The large broadband
coverage creates opportunities for the online industry, particularly in the areas of audio and
video-based services,
28
such as online music and video streaming and rich media/video advertising. In addition, based
on a January 2011 report issued by MII, the number of mobile phone users in China increased 15.0%
year-over-year to 859 million at the end of 2010 and mobile users with 3G capabilities grew 282%
year-over-year to 47 million.
According to MIIs May 2011 report, the number of mobile phone users in China reached 890
million at the end of March 2011, and mobile users with 3G capabilities grew 32% quarter-over-quarter to 62 million.
Many Internet users in China today do not have 24/7 access to the
Internet, as their access is limited to computers at work and Internet cafés. The increasing
adoption of 3G, smart phones and tablet computing in China could further shift content consumption
in China from traditional media onto the Internet.
29
Properties and Product Offerings
SINA provides advertising, non-advertising and free services through SINA.com, Weibo.com and
SINA Mobile. Advertising revenues relate to online advertising revenues mostly derived from
SINA.com. Non-advertising revenues include MVAS revenues and license fees from CRIC. Revenues from
other businesses, such as online games, enterprise solutions and eReading, are also recorded under
non-advertising revenues. In 2010, the Company reorganized its product development groups into the
Weibo group and the SINA Products group. The Weibo group supports the
development of our microblogging platform, while the SINA Products group supports the development of all other
online services. The following table presents an overview of SINAs business groups, service
offerings and revenue categories:
Properties and Services
SINA.com
Advertising
News
Sports
Auto
Finance
Entertainment
eLadies
Video
SINA Mobile
Non-Advertising
SMS
IVR
KJAVA
MMS
Other Businesses
Non-Advertising
Online games
eReading
Enterprise solutions
SINA Products
Blog
Album
Email
Instant-messaging
Search
Classified ads
BBS
SINA.com
SINAs portal is an online brand advertising property. SINA employs a multi-pronged sales
strategy that targets both short-term revenue opportunities such as banner advertising campaigns,
as well as longer-term, higher-value contracts that include integrated marketing packages. The
Companys advertising product offerings consist of banner, button, text-link and in-stream video
advertisements that appear on pages within the SINA network, channel and promotional sponsorships,
and advertising campaign design and management services.
The Companys primary target client base for advertising and sponsorships consists of global
corporations doing business in Greater China and domestic companies in each of the regions in which
SINA operates, to which the Company sells from both its corporate and regional headquarters. Global
corporations are typically Fortune 1000 companies that employ a global approach to their branding,
marketing and communications programs. Regional companies consist of medium to large companies that
are focused on specific geographic and demographic markets and smaller companies whose markets are
within a local territory.
SINAs portal network consists of four destination websites dedicated to its users across the
globe: Mainland China (www.sina.com.cn), Taiwan (www.sina.com.tw), Hong Kong (www.sina.com.hk), and
overseas Chinese in North America (www.sina.com). Each destination site consists of
Chinese-language news and content organized into interest-based channels. The sites offer extensive
community and communication services and sophisticated web navigation capability through SINA
search and directory services.
SINA.com offers a variety of free interest-based channels that provide region-focused format
and content. The most popular channels include:
SINA News. SINA News aggregates feeds from news providers, bringing together content from
media companies, such as CCTV, China Beijing TV Station (BTV), China News, Agence France-Presse
(AFP), Associated Press, Reuters, Getty Images, China Daily, Nanfang Daily Group, Beijing News,
Xinhua Net and Xinhua News Agency. Through SINA News, users have easy access to breaking news
coverage from multiple sources and points of view.
SINA Sports. SINA Sports offers multimedia news and information on a wide range of sporting
events from home and abroad. SINA Sports features domestic and international soccer matches,
National Basketball Association (NBA) games, general sports as well as coverage of world-famous
sports stars and teams.
SINA Auto. SINA Auto offers the latest automobile-related news and service information to
provide car buyers and automobile enthusiasts with the most current information on automotive
pricing, reviews and featured guides.
30
SINA Finance. SINA Finance provides business news coverage and personal finance columns. SINA
Finance also offers stock quotes from the major exchanges around the world, including U.S.,
Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong stock exchanges, as well as breaking news from individual listed
companies and market trend analysis.
SINA Entertainment. SINA Entertainment contains extensive coverage of local and international
entertainment news and events, including dining, movies, television programs, plays, operas, as
well as popular and classical music.
SINA
eLadies. SINA eLadies serves as an interactive platform for fashion-conscious users to
share comments and ideas on a range of topics, such as health,
cosmetics and beauty. SINA eLadies
also provides real-time coverage of major world fashion events, bringing users the latest on styles
and trends.
SINA Luxury. SINA Luxury caters to the increasing demand for luxury goods and high-end
services in China. SINA Luxury covers a variety of luxurious topics including wines, cigars,
top-brand apparels and accessories as well as services aimed at high net worth populations.
SINA Technology. SINA Technology provides updates on recent activities of high-tech
corporations as well as industry trends in China and on technology markets worldwide.
SINA Digital. Spun off from SINA Technology in July 2008, SINA Digital offers in-depth
reviews of digital products, including mobile phones, desktops and notebook computers, digital
cameras, MP3 players and televisions. Product search and software download services are also
provided on this channel.
SINA Tools. Launched in November 2008, SINA Tools provides Internet users with a wide range
of practical online tools, such as weather forecasts, metric conversion, Internet connection speed
testing, online translation and digital map service that allows users to search for businesses,
addresses and places of interest.
SINA Collectibles. Launched in November 2010, SINA Collectibles provides information and
updates on antiques and other collectibles such as arts, coins and stamps. It also offers
information on investment ideas, exhibitions and auctions and features interviews with antique
connoisseurs and famous art critics.
SINA Video. SINA Video is an online video platform that provides high-quality, easy-to-use
interactive video products. SINA Video is divided into various vertical categories, including News,
Entertainment, Music, Sports, Financial, Life, VIP Chat, Movie Premieres and SINA TV. The latter
includes streaming of a broad range of television programs both in real time and on an on-demand
basis. SINA Video also includes SINA Podcasting, a video-sharing platform that allows users to
upload, publish and manage their audio-visual information.
SINA Music. SINA Music is an integrated music community platform that is built on our license
agreements with the largest global and domestic music labels, such as Time Warner, Sony Music, EMI
and Rock Music. This platform provides music lovers with free on-demand streaming of CD-quality,
licensed songs and music videos, information and updates from the music industry, theme-based
online communities and live broadcasts of music concerts.
SINA WAP. SINA WAP is a mobile portal offering a world of free information and entertainment.
Users can access the latest information around the world and perform web searches via mobile phone.
Weibo.com
Launched in 2009, SINAs microblogging platform Weibo enables its users to follow the
hottest topics being discussed online as well as discussions related to people they know. Weibo
accounts consist of celebrities, commercial enterprises, government entities and grass root Internet
users, who may send feeds in the form of text (up to 140 Chinese characters) and multimedia (photo, video
and music) content to their opted-in followers. Weibo users may view feeds from accounts that they
follow, via search results or by topical content pages. Weibo can be a powerful individual
distribution media, because it allows users to redistribute a feed to their followers with added
commentary. An interesting feed that is redistributed several times enables the original author to
virally reach users beyond the authors first degree of followers, leveraging on the network of the
authors followers followers several degrees away. Users may write and view Weibo feeds from
Weibo.com or on partner websites. In addition, Weibo may be accessed through mobile Internet and
mobile applications, such as those built for iPhone, iPad and Android
devices. Designed as a
multi-device product, Weibo enables Chinese communities to participate in open discussions on PCs
and mobile devices around the world, allowing easier and more frequent interactions, expediting the
spread of information and elevating the social media and networking experience to a different
level.
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SINA Mobile
SINAs
MVAS, launched in April 2002, allows users to receive news and information, download
ring tones, mobile games and pictures, and participate in dating and friendship communities. SINA
has established content partnerships with certain international record companies to provide music
and photo downloads. MVAS is sold on a monthly subscription or pay-per-message basis. SINA relies
on mobile operator systems, such as China Mobiles Monternet platform and China Unicoms UNI-Info
platform, to deliver its MVAS and bill end users. SINA MVAS can be ordered via SINA.com or through
mobile phones.
SINAs competitive advantage in MVAS comes from its online and offline marketing channels. As
a leading online media company in China, SINA leverages its large number of unique users and online
content portfolio. Offline, SINA has a large local sales team that covers the majority of the
provinces and municipalities in China as well as a significant presence in local TV, radio and
print advertising. SINA also works closely with provincial operators to jointly promote its MVAS
offerings.
SINAs MVAS can be categorized into three main categories: news and information, community,
and multimedia downloads:
|
|
|
News and Information |
Community |
Multimedia Downloads |
|
Headline news |
Games and quizzes |
Ring tones |
|
Financial news |
Educational products |
Logos and pictures |
|
Technology news |
|
Screen savers |
|
Sports news |
|
|
|
Weather forecast |
|
|
|
Jokes |
|
|
SINA provides its MVAS mainly through the following product lines:
SINA SMS. As many mobile phones are able to display and send text in Chinese, SINA
developed a suite of short messaging services that includes user-customized information
subscription, personal greetings, customized mobile phone screen decoration, personalized ring
tones and mobile games.
SINA
IVR. Interactive Voice Response (IVR) refers to voice-activated information retrieval
services. Users can obtain information via their mobile phones by dialing a list of fixed numbers
and following a set of pre-recorded messages. Sample services include weather forecasting and
data searching. IVR offers applications in the areas of interactive games and professional
products.
SINA KJAVA. SINA KJAVA provides graphic and animated MVAS products on China Mobiles K-Java
mobile platform. KJAVA covers a full range of services, including mobile games, animation and
videos, portable tools and news updates.
SINA MMS. Using general packet radio service (GPRS) technology, MMS enables users to
download color pictures and sophisticated ring tones, as well as transmit more data per message.
SINA MMS multimedia functionalities enable content and information exchanges in the form of text,
graphics, audio and data.
SINA CRBT. CRBT refers to the ring tone heard by the callers prior to the call being
answered. SINAs CRBT service gives mobile phone users the option to customize their ring back
tone based on popular songs and special sound effects.
SINA WAP. SINAs WAP services use GPRS technology to provide users with news and other
topical information, multimedia downloads, dating and community services and mobile search
services.
Other Businesses
SINA Game. SINA Game serves as an interactive platform that provides users with downloads and
gateway access to popular online games, information and updates on popular online and PC games and
value-added application tools, all aimed at enhancing the overall multimedia community experiences
of Chinas online game players.
SINA eReading. SINA eReading is a one-stop shop for book reviews as well as complimentary and
fee-based online book reading. It also features information and updates on hot social and cultural
topics and interviews with writers and famous opinion leaders.
SINA.net. SINA.net serves as an enterprise solutions platform to assist businesses and
government bodies to more effectively engage, communicate and transact with their target audiences
via the Internet. SINA.net provides businesses and government bodies with e-marketing and
e-government solutions including search, corporate email and e-commerce.
32
SINA
e-Commerce. SINA currently offers SINA Mall (http://mall.sina.com.cn), an online shopping
website, on its Chinese Mainland and North America websites. Based on SINAs proprietary
technology platform, SINA Mall enables both international and local companies to transact business.
SINA Products
SINA Blog. Launched in 2005, SINA Blog has become a popular platform for Chinese bloggers to
read and publish original writings. Building on SINAs brand prestige and large user traffic, SINA
Blog offers a platform for celebrities to maintain a direct dialog with their fans.
SINA Album. Launched in July 2007, SINA Album is a photo-sharing platform where users can
upload, store, download and share their photos. It also supports social media functions such as
commenting on the photos and tagging friends.
SINA Email. SINA Email services include Free Email, VIP Mail and Corporate Email for
enterprise users. SINA Mail supports both POP3 and SMTP access and provides users with year-round
anti-spam and anti-virus protection.
SINA UC. Apart from the traditional text-based instant messaging, SINA UC also provides users
with audio and video-based instant messaging tools to enable multimedia social experiences.
SINA iAsk. SINA iAsk is a proprietary search technology that offers knowledge-based search,
community-based search and niche search covering a variety of topical areas. As an intelligent
interactive search engine with natural language processing technology, SINA iAsk categorizes search
subjects into areas of news, pictures, music, knowledge, and video. SINA iAsk offers an interactive
Q&A platform and personalized features such as search by local content (maps, entertainment and
travel). SINA iAsk also powers SINAs mobile search engine. From 2007 to mid 2010, SINA outsourced
its web page search to Google under a revenue-sharing arrangement. In March 2010, Google began
redirecting its searches from Google.cn to Google.com.hk, which resulted in service outages and
other limitations for some SINA users. With the expiration of the arrangement with Google in 2010,
the licensing of Google search was not renewed.
SINA Post. As part of SINAs classified advertising service, SINA Post was launched in 2005
to allow free posting of advertisements for individual and enterprise users. SINAs proprietary
classified search technology allows users to find data and information.
SINA BBS. SINA BBS hosts topic-specific discussion forums in Chinese language.
SINA Group. SINA Group builds on existing SINA community services, such as SINA Blog, to
create user-maintained and supported online communities.
Strategic Relationships
SINA has developed strategic relationships with a range of content, service, application and
distribution partners in order to serve users more effectively and to extend its brand and services
to a broader audience.
Content Partnerships
The goal of SINAs content partnerships is to provide its users with an extensive offering of
Chinese-language content. SINA contracts with content partners to display their content on one or
more of its websites free of charge or in exchange for a share of revenue, a licensing fee, and
access to SINA-generated content or a combination of these arrangements. Some of SINAs leading
content providers include the NBA, English Premier League, National Football League, PGA Tour,
CCTV, BTV, Xinhua News Agency, China News, AFP, Associated Press, Reuters, Getty Images, China
Daily, Nanfang Daily Group, Xinhua Net and Beijing News. For its mobile content, SINA has
established content partnerships with certain international record companies to provide image and
music downloads.
Application and Service Partnerships
The goal of SINAs application and service partnerships is to ensure that its users have
access to user-friendly, reliable and scalable communication and search tools. Because many of
SINAs prospective partners have traditionally focused on non-
33
Chinese speaking markets, SINAs internal engineering and development teams often work closely
with them to localize their solutions for the Chinese-language market.
Technology Infrastructure
SINAs infrastructure allows users to access its products and services, regardless of their
geographical location. SINAs infrastructure is also designed to provide high-speed access by
forwarding queries to its web hosting sites with greater resources or lower loads. The Companys
web pages are generated, served and cached by servers hosted at various co-location web hosting
sites in China, the U.S., Taiwan and Hong Kong. SINAs servers run on Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris and
Windows platforms using Apache, Squid, Nginx, and Lighttpd servers. These servers are primarily
maintained at China Telecom and China Unicom branches in cities across China, including Beijing,
Shanghai, Guangzhou and Tianjin, TNN in Taipei, Taiwan, AT&T in San Jose, California, as well as
NTT in Hong Kong.
The Company believes that these hosting partners provide operating advantages, including an
enhanced ability to protect their systems from power loss, break-ins and other potential external
causes of service interruption. They provide continuous customer service, multiple connections to
the Internet and a continuous power supply to their systems. In addition, SINA conducts online
monitoring of its systems for accessibility, load, system resources, traffic, network-server
intrusion and timeliness of content. SINAs mobile applications in China leverage the
aforementioned web operation resources by utilizing the wireless infrastructure of China Mobile and
China Unicom to provide MVAS to SINAs users. Nevertheless, the Company has experienced slower
response time and suffered outages in the past due to equipment and software downtime as well as
bandwidth issues with operators. Although these instances have not had a material adverse effect on
the Companys business, such instances could have a material impact on its business in the future.
Seasonality
SINA has experienced seasonality in its online advertising business. Historically, the first
calendar quarter has been the worst season for its advertising business due to the Chinese New Year
holidays, and the fourth calendar quarter has been the best. Past performance may not be
indicative of future trends, as the mix of advertising industry sectors, which may have different
seasonality factors, may shift from quarter to quarter. Seasonality in our MVAS and other
businesses is less apparent.
Competition
SINA operates in the market of online content and services for the global Chinese community.
The industry can be classified as highly competitive and rapidly changing due to the fast growing
market. As SINA expands its product offerings into areas, such as social media and networking, video, WAP portal, blog and instant messaging, it faces increasing competition from
companies that are focused in the same space. In the social media and networking spaces,
SINA competes with large, established portals, including Tencent, Sohu and Netease, as well as
vertically focused players like Renren.com, Kaixin001.com, Hainei.com, 51.com and 159.com. In
online video, SINAs competitors include Youku, Tudou, Qiyi (a subsidiary of Baidu), 56.com, Ku6,
PP Live and PP Stream, as well as the video offerings of large portals. In the WAP (mobile) portal
space, key competitors include Tencent and Kongzhong as well as WAP portals operated by mobile
operators, such as China Mobiles Monternet. In blog, SINA competes with public companies, such as
Baidu, Tencent, Netease, Sohu and Shanda Literature (a subsidiary of Shanda), as well as vertically
focused websites, such as Bokee, Blogbus, Poco, Blogcn and Hexun. In instant messaging, SINA faces
competition from the likes of Tencent (QQ), Microsoft (MSN Messenger) and Alibaba/Yahoo! China
(Yahoo Messenger).
SINA also faces competition from vertical websites, who may have better focus and more
resources dedicated to a topical area, such as Hexun, East Money, China Finance Online, PCAuto,
Auto Home and PC Online. On MVAS, the Company competes with other service providers such as
Kongzhong, TOM Online, Linktone and Hurray that specialize in MVAS as well as the large portals. As
SINA continues to broaden its range of product offerings, it expects increasing competition from
established players and possibly less well-known players in the coming years. Many of these
competitors have greater financial resources and better brand recognition in their respective
areas. In addition, certain companies, especially venture-backed start-ups, may be willing to
compete for market share at the expense of significant operating losses.
Other online content/services companies, such as Baidu, Tencent, Netease, Sohu and TOM Online,
compete with SINA for user traffic, advertising revenue, e-commerce transactions, MVAS and
fee-based services. Industry consolidation may occur as the market for the Internet in China
matures, which could result in increased competition. The Company also faces competition from
international Internet companies such as Yahoo, Microsoft, Google, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube,
LinkedIn, MySpace and AOL. With the gradual opening of the telecommunication sector resulting from
Chinas entry into the World Trade Organization, the Company expects an increasing number of
international portals and Internet companies to enter the Chinese online media industry. These
companies may have greater brand recognition, financial resources and longer operating histories
than SINA. The
34
Company also competes for advertisers with traditional media companies, including newspapers,
television networks and radio stations that have a longer history of use and greater acceptance
among advertisers. As rich-media format advertising becomes more popular to SINAs advertising mix,
SINA may also see competition from outdoor media companies. In addition, providers of
Chinese Internet tools and services may be acquired by, receive investments from, or enter into
other commercial relationships with large, well-established and well-financed Internet, media or
other companies.
SINAs ability to compete successfully depends on many factors, including the quality of its
content, the breadth, depth and ease of use of its services, its sales and marketing efforts, the
size and activeness of its user base, the coverage of desired user profile, and the performance of
its technology. See also The markets for Internet and MVAS services are highly competitive, and we
may be unable to compete successfully against new entrants and established industry competitors,
which could reduce our market share and adversely affect our financial performance under the Risk
Factors section.
Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights
We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on
disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. Despite our efforts to protect our
proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our
technology. Monitoring unauthorized use of our products is difficult and costly, and we cannot be
certain that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our technology, particularly
in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the
United States. From time to time, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual
property rights, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources.
In addition, third parties may initiate litigation against us alleging infringement of their
proprietary rights. In the event of a successful claim of infringement and our failure or inability
to develop non-infringing technology or license the infringed or similar technology on a timely
basis, our business could be harmed. In addition, even if we are able to license the infringed or
similar technology, license fees could be substantial and may adversely affect our results of
operations. See We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could
cause us to be less competitive and We may be exposed to infringement claims by third parties,
which, if successful, could cause us to pay significant damage awards under the Risk Factors
section.
Government Regulation and Legal Uncertainties
The following description of PRC laws and regulations is based upon the opinions of lawyers from
Jun He Law Offices, our PRC counsel. For a description of legal risks relating to our ownership
structure and business, see Risk Factors.
Overview
The Chinese government has enacted an extensive regulatory scheme governing the operation of
business with respect to the Internet, such as telecommunications, Internet information services,
international connections to computer information networks, information security and censorship and
administrative protection of copyright. Besides MII and SARFT, the various services of the PRC
Internet industry are also regulated by various other governmental authorities, such as SAIC, the
State Council Information Office (SCIO), the GAPP, the Ministry of Education (MOE), the MCPRC,
the Ministry of Health (MOH), and the Ministry of Public Security.
Among all the regulations, the Telecommunications Regulations of the Peoples Republic of
China, or the Telecom Regulations, promulgated on September 25, 2000, is the primary governing law.
The Telecom Regulations set out the general framework under which domestic Chinese companies such
as SINAs subsidiaries and VIEs may engage in various types of telecommunications services in the
PRC. They reiterate the long-standing principle that telecommunications service providers need to
obtain operating licenses as a mandatory precondition to begin operation. The Telecom Regulations
differentiate the telecommunications services into basic telecommunications services and
value-added telecommunications services. Value-added telecommunications services are defined as
telecommunications and information services provided through public networks. The Catalogue of
Telecommunications Business, an attachment to the Telecom Regulations and updated by MIIs Notice
on Adjusting the Catalogue of Telecommunications Business of April 1, 2003, categorizes various
types of telecommunications and telecommunications-related activities into basic or value-added
services.
On December 20, 2001, after Chinas formal entry into the WTO, the State Council promulgated
the Regulations for the Administration of Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises, or the
FITE Regulations, which became effective on January 1, 2002 and were amended by the State Council
on September 10, 2008. The FITE Regulations stipulate that foreign-invested telecommunications
enterprises, or FITEs, may undertake operations in basic telecom services and value-added telecom
services. Currently, the foreign party to a value-added FITE may hold up to 50% of the equity, with
no geographic restrictions on its operations. Before that, foreign investors were prohibited from
investing in Internet content services. The PRC government has
35
not made any further commitment to loosen the regulation on FITEs, except for qualified Hong
Kong Service Providers under the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement.
According to the Measures for the Administration of Internet Information Services described
below, an enterprise must obtain a license for operating value-added telecommunication services to
conduct Internet content service businesses. When the Internet content involves areas of news,
education, medicine, health, pharmaceuticals and medical equipment, which are regulated by MCPRC,
MOE, MOH and other governmental authorities, respectively, the enterprise must also obtain
permission from responsible national authorities.
PRC Corporate Structure
The Chinese government restricts foreign investment in Internet-related and MVAS businesses.
Accordingly, we operate our Internet-related and MVAS businesses in China through our VIEs that are
PRC domestic companies owned principally or completely by certain of our PRC employees or PRC
employees of our directly-owned subsidiaries. For a list of our material directly-owned
subsidiaries and VIEs in China, please see C. Organizational Structure below.
Classified Regulations
Foreign Investment in Value-added Telecom Services
The MII Circular 2006 was promulgated by MII on July 13, 2006. According to the MII Circular
2006, since the FITE Regulation went into effect, some foreign investors have, by means of
delegation of domain names and license of trademarks, conspired with domestic value-added telecom
enterprises to circumvent the requirements of FITE Regulations and have been engaged in value-added
telecom services illegally.
In order to further intensify the administration of FITEs, the MII Circular 2006 provides that
(i) any domain name used by a value-added telecom carrier shall be legally owned by such carrier or
its shareholder(s); (ii) any trademark used by a value-added telecom carrier shall be legally owned
by the carrier or its shareholder(s); (iii) the operation site and facilities of a value-added
telecom carrier shall be installed within the scope as prescribed by operating licenses obtained by
the carrier and shall correspond to the value-added telecom services that the carrier has been
approved to provide; and (iv) a value-added telecom carrier shall establish or improve the measures
of ensuring safety of network information. As to the companies which have obtained the operating
licenses for value-added telecom services, they are required to conduct self-examination and
self-correction according to the said requirements and report the result of such self-examination
and self-correction to MII.
Accordingly, the ICP Company submitted the Self-Correction Scheme to MII on November 17, 2006.
Under the Self-Correction Scheme, (i) the domain name www.sina.com.cn mainly used by the ICP
Company shall be transferred from BSIT to the ICP Company, and (ii) the trademark SINA ((CHINESE
CHARACTERS)) used by the ICP Company shall be transferred from BSIT to the ICP Company. According
to the Certificate for Approval of Trademark Transfer issued by the Trademark Office of SAIC on
September 28, 2008, the trademark SINA has already been transferred to the ICP Company. The
domain name www.sina.com.cn has been transferred to the ICP Company as well.
Internet Information Services
The Measures for the Administration of Internet Information Services, or the ICP Measures,
went into effect on September 25, 2000. Under the ICP Measures, any entity providing information to
online Internet users must obtain an operating license from MII or its local branch at the
provincial level in accordance with the Telecom Regulations described above. The ICP Measures
further stipulate that entities providing online information services in areas of news, publishing,
education, medicine, health, pharmaceuticals and medical equipment must obtain permission from
responsible national and local authorities prior to applying for an operating license from MII or its local
branch at the provincial or municipal level. Moreover, ICPs must display their operating license
numbers in a conspicuous location on their websites. ICPs must police their websites to remove
categories of harmful content that are broadly defined. This obligation reiterates Internet content
restrictions set by other ministries over the past few years.
The ICP Company currently holds a Telecommunication and Information Services Operating
License, which also permits the Company to operate bulletin board system or BBS, was issued on October 29, 2010 by MII with a validity term up to December 4, 2015
subject to annual inspection.
Beijing Star-Village Online Cultural Development Co., Ltd. (StarVI) currently holds a
Telecommunication and Information Services Operating License, which was issued on October 29, 2010
by MII with a validity term up to December 4, 2015 subject to
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annual inspection, authorizing the provision of business of information services excluding in
areas of news, publishing, education, medicine, health, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment and BBS.
Shenzhen Wang Xing Technology Co., Ltd. (Wangxing) currently holds a Value-Added
Telecommunication Services Operating License issued on September 16, 2009 by MII with a validity term up to September 16, 2014 subject to annual
inspection, authorizing the provision of nationwide Internet information services.
Online News Publishing
On November 6, 2000 and September 25, 2005, the Provisional Regulations for the Administration
of Website Operation of News Publication Services and the Provisions for the Administration of
Internet News Information Services, respectively, were jointly promulgated by SCIO and MII. The
regulations stipulate that general websites set up by non-news organizations may list news released
by certain governmental news agencies, if they satisfy the requirements set forth in the foregoing
two regulations, but may not publish news items produced by themselves or news sources from
elsewhere.
Before commencing news-publishing services, the above regulations also require the general
websites of non-news organizations to be approved by SCIO after securing permission from SCIO at
the provincial level. In addition, the general websites intending to publish the news released by
the aforementioned news agencies must enter into agreements with the respective organizations, and
file copies of such agreements with the relevant administration department.
On December 27, 2000, the Information Office of Beijing Peoples Government approved the ICP
Company to develop online news publishing services. On June 6, 2006, SCIO issued to the ICP Company
the Internet News Information Service License, which is subject to annual inspection. The ICP
Company has passed the annual inspection for the year 2009.
Online Transmission of Audio-visual Programs
On July 6, 2004, SARFT promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Publication of
Audio-visual Programs through Internet or Other Information Network, which apply to the opening,
broadcasting, integration, transmission or download of audio-visual programs via Internet. An
applicant who is engaged in the business of transmitting audio-visual programs shall apply for a
license, which is to be issued by SARFT in accordance with the categories of business, receiving
terminals, transmission networks, and other items. Validity term of the license is two years and
can be renewed upon its expiration. Foreign invested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the
above business. Moreover, the audio-visual programs of the news category published to the public
through information network shall be limited to the programs produced and broadcasted by radio
stations, television stations, radio television stations and approved news websites within the
territory of China.
According to the Reply on Approvals for Beijing SINA Internet Information Service Co., Ltd.
Engaging in the Business of Information Services Relating to Online Transmission of Audio-visual
Programs issued by SARFT on October 17, 2004, the ICP Company has been approved to carry out the
online transmission of audio-visual programs. The ICP Company currently holds a License for Online
Transmission of Audio-visual Programs issued by SARFT on April 16, 2009, with a validity term up to
April 16, 2012.
On December 20, 2007, SARFT and MII jointly promulgated the Administrative Provisions on
Internet Audio-visual Program Service, or the Audio-visual Program Provisions, which went effective
on January 31, 2008. The Audio-visual Program Provisions stipulates, among others, that any entity
engaged in Internet audio-visual program service must obtain a License for Online Transmission of
Audio-visual Programs issued by SARFT or register with SARFT. An applicant for engaging in Internet
audio-visual program service must be a state-owned entity or a state-controlled entity with full
corporate capacity, and the business to be carried out by the applicant must satisfy the overall
planning and guidance catalogue for Internet audio-visual program service determined by SARFT. It
is unclear based on the implement rules of the Audio-visual Program Provisions whether such
requirements only apply to the new market entrants for operating Internet audio-visual program
services or such requirements apply to both new applicants and entities that have already obtained
the License for Online Transmission of Audio-visual Programs.
SARFT and MII later jointly held a press conference in February 2008 to answer questions with
respect to the Audio-visual Program Provisions. In that press conference, SARFT and MII clarified
that the websites that existed before the promulgation of
the Audio-visual Program Provisions may, once they are registered with SARFT, continue
operating the audio-visual services so long as those websites have not been in violation of the
laws and regulations.
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On March 31, 2009, SARFT promulgated the Notice on Strengthening the Administration of the Content
of Internet Audio Visual Program, which reiterated the prohibition of certain types of Internet
audio visual programs containing violence, pornography, gambling, terrorism or superstitious
factors.
Production of Radio and Television Programs
On July 19, 2004, SARFT promulgated the Regulations for Administration on Production of Radio
and Television Programs, or the Radio and TV Programs Regulations, which went into effect as of
August 20, 2004. Under the Radio and TV Programs Regulations, any entities engaged in the
production of radio and television programs are required to apply for a license from SARFT or its
provincial branches.
On March 19, 2009, the ICP Company obtained a license for production of radio and television
programs issued by Beijing Radio and Television Bureau. The validity term of such license is up to
March 19, 2011 subject to annual inspection. On April 11, 2011, the ICP Company obtained a new
license upon expiration of the old license. The validity of the new license is up to April 11,
2013.
MVAS
On March 1, 2009, MII promulgated the Administrative Measures for the Licensing of
Telecommunication Business Operations (New Administrative Measures), which superseded the
Administrative Measures for Telecommunication Business Operating Licenses published in 2001 (Old
Administrative Measures) on April 10, 2009. The New Administrative Measures, like the Old
Administrative Measures, require an entity to obtain a business permit, which is divided into two
categories license for basic telecom services and license for value-added telecom services, in
order to operate a telecommunication business. Furthermore, a distinction is made as to whether a
license for conducting value-added telecommunication services is granted for intra-provincial or
trans-regional (inter-provincial) activities. An appendix to the license will detail the
permitted activities to be conducted by the enterprise. An approved telecom service operator must
conduct its business (basic or value-added) in accordance with the specifications recorded on its
Telecom Service Operating License. However, there are still ambiguities regarding the
interpretation and application of the FITE Regulations.
The ICP Company currently holds a Value-Added Telecommunication Services Operating License
issued on July 7, 2009 by MII subject to annual inspection, authorizing nationwide provision of
information service in value-added telecommunications services (excluding fixed line phone call
information services and Internet information services). The validity term of this license is up to
July 7, 2014. The ICP Company also holds a Value-Added Telecommunication Services Operating License
issued by Beijing Communication Administration Bureau on March 10, 2008, with a validity term up to
June 1, 2013, authorizing the ICP Company to provide MVAS in Beijing.
Guangzhou Media Message Technologies, Inc. (Xunlong) currently holds a Value-Added
Telecommunication Services Operating License issued on December 9, 2010 by MII with a validity term
up to September 16, 2014 subject to annual inspection, authorizing the provision of nationwide
business of information services (excluding fixed line phone call information services and Internet
information services).
StarVI currently holds a Value-Added Telecommunications Services Operating License issued on
September 16, 2009 by MII with a validity term up to September 16, 2014 subject to annual inspection,
authorizing the provision of nationwide business of information services (excluding fixed line
phone call information services and Internet information services).
Wangxing currently holds a Value-Added Telecommunication Services Operating License issued on
September 16, 2009 by MII with a validity term up to September 16, 2014 subject to annual
inspection, authorizing the provision of nationwide business of information services (excluding
fixed line phone call information services and Internet information services).
Beijing Western-net Network Technology Co., Ltd. currently holds a Value-Added
Telecommunication Services Operating License issued on March 1, 2010 by MII with a validity term up
to March 1, 2015 subject to annual inspection, authorizing the provision of nationwide business of
information services (excluding fixed line phone call information services and Internet information
services). According to the Confirmation Letter issued by Beijing Communication Administration
Bureau, Beijing Western-net Network Technology Co., Ltd. has been approved to provide MVAS in
Beijing.
Short Messaging Services
On April 29, 2004, MII issued the Notice on Certain Issues Regarding the Regulation of Short
Messaging Services, or the SMS Notice. The SMS Notice confirms that all mobile communication
companies shall provide SMS in cooperation with information service providers who have obtained
relevant operating license for SMS. In addition, all mobile communication companies and information
service providers shall highlight the fee standards, payment methods and ways of withdrawal in
their advertisements for SMS services. For services based on monthly payment and subscription
services, providers shall confirm with the users in
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advance. Without such confirmation, it should be assumed that the user has withdrawn such
requirement for services. The mobile communication companies and information service providers
shall strictly comply with the service items as agreed upon with the users. The information service
providers shall examine the contents of short messages, and no short message may contain contents
forbidden by law.
Internet Publishing
On
June 27, 2002, SPPA and MII jointly released the Provisional
Rules for the Administration of Internet Publishing, or the Internet Publishing Rules, which define Internet publications as
works that are either selected or edited to be published on the Internet or transmitted to
end-users through the Internet for the purposes of browsing, reading, using or downloading by the
general public. Such works mainly include content or articles formally published by press media
such as: (i) books, newspapers, periodicals, audio-visual products and electronic publications; and
(ii) literature, art and articles on natural science, social science, engineering and other topics
that have been edited.
According to the Internet Publishing Rules, web portals like SINA are required to apply to and
register with GAPP before distributing Internet publications.
In accordance with these rules, the ICP Company currently holds an Internet Publication
License issued by GAPP on December 21, 2010, with a validity term up to December 31, 2014.
Online Games
On
May 10, 2003, the Provisional Regulations for the
Administration of Online Culture were
issued by MCPRC and went into effect on July 1, 2003 (these regulations were revised by MCPRC on
July 1, 2004 and further revised and repromulgated on February 17, 2011). According to these regulations, commercial entities are required to apply to the
relevant local branch of MCPRC for an Online Culture Operating Permit to engage in online games
services.
On July 27, 2004, GAPP and the State Copyright Bureau jointly promulgated the Notice on
Carrying out the Decision from the State Council Regarding the Approval of Electronic and Online
Games Publications, or the Games Notice. According to the Games Notice, an Internet Publication
License is required for publishing online games.
According to the Circular of the Ministry of Culture on Strengthening the Examination of
Content of Online Games Products issued by MCPRC on May 14, 2004, the contents of any foreign
online game products should be examined and approved by MCPRC before they are operated within
China; and entities engaged in developing and operating domestic online games products should
register with the MCPRC.
On November 13, 2009, MCPRC once again issued the Circular of the Ministry of Culture on
Improving and Strengthening the Examination of Content of Online Games. According to this circular,
offensive promotion and advertisement of online games, games propagating eroticism, gambling,
violence, online games without the approval from MCPRC, and so on, are strictly prohibited.
On September 28, 2009, GAPP, the National Copyright Administration and the National Office of
Combating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly published the Notice Regarding the
Consistent Implementation of the Stipulations on Three Provisions of the State Council and the
Relevant Interpretations of the State Commission Office for Public Sector Reform and the Further
Strengthening of the Administration of Pre-examination and Approval of Internet Games and the
Examination and Approval of Imported Internet Games or Circular 13. Circular 13 expressly
prohibits foreign investors from participating in Internet game operating business via wholly
owned, equity joint venture or cooperative joint venture investments in China, and from controlling
and participating in such businesses directly or indirectly through contractual or technical
support arrangements. In addition, according to circular 13,
GAPPs approval is required for publishing any specific imported
online games and any imported online game which is not examined and
approved by GAPP is not allowed to be published online. It is not clear yet as to whether other PRC government authorities, such as
the MOFCOM or MII will support GAPP to enforce the prohibition of the VIE model that Circular 13
contemplates.
On June 3, 2010, the MCPRC promulgated the Interim Measures for Administration of Online
Games, or the Online Games Measures, which became effective on August 1, 2010. The Online Games
Measures reiterate that any online games operator should obtain an Online Culture Operating Permit
to engage in online game services. In addition, the contents of any imported online games should be
examined and approved by MCPRC before they are operated within China, and any domestic online games
should be registered with MCPRC.
The ICP Company currently holds an Internet Publication License issued by GAPP on December 21,
2010 with a validity term up to December 31, 2014 and an Online Culture Operating Permit issued by
MCPRC on September 2, 2008, and with a validity
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term up to September 2011.
Internet Medical, Health and Drug Information Services
On May 1, 2009, MOH promulgated Administrative Measures for Internet Medical and Health
Information Services, which require an entity that provides Internet medical-and-health-related
information services to obtain an approval letter from the health administrative departments at the
provincial level and strictly prohibit the website from releasing any superstitious, pornographic
or false information or publish any medical advertisements without examination and approval or
provide on-line diagnosis or treatment services.
On August 18, 2010, Beijing Health Bureau issued an approval letter to the ICP Company to
approve the ICP Company to provide medical-and-health-related information services. The validity
term of this approval letter is up to August 16, 2012.
According to the Measures for the Administration of Internet Drug Information Services, issued
by the State Drug Administration (SDA), on July 8, 2004, websites publishing drug-related
information must obtain a license from SDA or its provincial departments.
The ICP Company obtained the approval for website publishing of drug-related information from
Beijing Drug Administration (BDA) and SDA on December 20, 2001 and January 10, 2002,
respectively, and has obtained a Qualification Certificate for Internet Drug Information Services
issued by the BDA on December 7, 2009 with a validity term up to December 6, 2014.
Online Cultural Products
The Provisional Regulations for the Administration of Online Culture described above and the
Notice on Issues Relating to Implementing the Provisional Regulations for the Administration of
Online Culture issued by MCPRC on July 4, 2003 apply to entities engaged in activities related to
online cultural products. Online cultural products are classified as: (i) online cultural
products particularly developed for publishing via Internet, which include online music and video
files (including video on demand and digital video broadcasting etc.), network games, online
performing arts, online artworks, and online animation features and cartoons (including Flash
animation); and (ii) online cultural products converted from audio and visual products, games,
performing arts, artworks and animation features and cartoons, and published via Internet. Pursuant
to these legislations, commercial entities are required to apply to MCPRC for an Online Culture
Operating Permit if they intend to engage in any of the following types of activities for the
purpose of making profits:
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production, duplication, import, wholesale, retail, leasing or broadcasting of online
cultural products; |
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publishing of online cultural products on the Internet or transmission thereof to
computers, fixed-line or mobile phones, radios, television sets or gaming consoles for the
purpose of browsing, reading, using or downloading such products; or |
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exhibitions or contests related to online cultural products. |
On July 30, 2010, MCPRC released a notice regarding the devolution of power on the
administration of online culture operation, according to which the provincial counterparts of MCPRC
should now be the competent authorities for issuing the Online Culture Operating Permits.
The ICP Company currently holds an Online Culture Operating Permit issued by MCPRC on
September 2, 2008. The validity term of this permit is up to September 2011. StarVI currently holds
an Online Culture Operating Permit issued by MCPRC on January 27, 2011. The validity term of this
permit is up to December 31, 2014.
Online Advertising
Regulations governing online advertising include:
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Advertisement Law of the Peoples Republic of China promulgated by the PRC State Congress
on October 27, 1994 and went into effect on February 1, 1995; |
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Administrative Regulations for Advertising promulgated by the State Council on October
26, 1987 and went into effect on December 1, 1987; |
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Implementation Rules for the Administrative Regulations for Advertising promulgated by
the State Council on January 9, 1988 and amended on December 3, 1998, December 1, 2000 and
November 30, 2004 respectively; and
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Provisions on the Administration of Foreign-funded Advertising Enterprises promulgated by
SAIC and Ministry of Commerce on March 2, 2004 and amended on August 22, 2008. |
According to the above regulations, an enterprise engaging in advertising business as
specified in its business scope does not need to apply for an Advertising Operation License,
provided that such enterprise is not a radio station, television station, newspaper or magazine
publisher or any other entity as specified in laws or administrative regulations. As to placing
advertisements on the Internet, such enterprise shall apply for a business scope of placing online
advertisements on the name of the website and does not need to apply for the Advertising Operation
License.
Beijing SINA Infinity Advertising Co., Ltd., a Chinese company controlled by us through a
series of contractual arrangements (the IAD Company), has an approved business scope to carry out
the design, production, agency and issuance of advertisements.
Beijing SINA Advertising Co., Ltd., a Chinese company wholly owned by our subsidiary SINA Hong
Kong Limited, has an approved business scope to carry out the design, production, issuance and
agency of advertisements.
Shanghai SINA Advertising Co., Ltd., a Chinese company wholly owned by our subsidiary SINA
Hong Kong Limited, has an approved business scope to carry out the design, production, issuance and
agency of advertisements.
The ICP Company has an approved business scope to issue Internet advertisements on the website
www.sina.com.cn, therefore the ICP Company is allowed to carry out the business of placing
advertisements on the website www.sina.com.cn.
Fujian SINA Information Services Co., Ltd, a Chinese company in which the ICP Company holds
70% equity interest, has an approved business scope to carry out the design, production, issuance
and agency of advertisements.
Henan Bolang Information Services Co., Ltd, a Chinese company in which the ICP Company holds
51% equity interest, has an approved business scope to carry out the design, production, issuance
and agency of advertisements.
International Connections for Computer Information Networks
Regulations governing international connections for PRC computer networks include:
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Measures for the Administration of International Connections to Chinas Public Computer
Interconnected Networks (1996); |
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Provisional Regulations of the Peoples Republic of China for the Administration of
International Connections to Computer Information Networks (1997) and their Implementing
Measures (1998); |
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Reply Concerning the Verification and Issuance of Operating Permits for Business Relating
to International Connections for Computer Information Networks and for Public Multimedia
Telecommunications Business (1998); and |
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Administrative Measures for International Communications Gateways (2002). |
According to the above regulations, any entity wishing to access international network
connections for its computer information networks in the PRC must comply with the following
requirements:
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be a PRC legal person; |
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have the appropriate equipment, facilities and technical and administrative personnel; |
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have implemented and registered a system of information security and censorship; and |
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effect all international connections through an international communications gateway
established with the approval of MII. |
The companies described in C. Organizational Structure below are in proper compliance with
these requirements.
Internet Mapping Services
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On December 2, 1992, the National Peoples Congress approved and promulgated the Surveying and
Mapping Law, which went into effect on July 1993. The Surveying and Mapping Law was amended on
August 29, 2002 and the amendment became effective on December 1, 2002. According to the Surveying
and Mapping Law, any entities engaged in surveying and mapping services should obtain a surveying
and mapping qualification certificate and comply with the states surveying and mapping criteria.
On May 10, 2010, the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping promulgated the Professional Criteria
of Internet Mapping Services, specifying the professional criteria for providing Internet mapping
services. The ICP Company has obtained a surveying and mapping qualification certificate on July
27, 2010.
Online Payment
On June 14, 2010, PBOC issued the Non-Financial Institutions Payment Services Regulation
Measures, or the Payment Measures, which went into effect on September 1, 2010. The Payment
Measures require all non-financial institutions engaged in any online payment services to obtain an
online payment service license from the PBOC within a one-year grace period starting September 1,
2010. Failure to obtain an online payment service license will lead to the termination of the right
to provide online payment services. We are in the process of applying for an online payment service
license.
Information Security and Censorship
Laws and regulations governing information security and censorship include:
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The Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Preservation of State Secrets (1988)
which was amended on April 30, 2010 and the amendment became effective from October 1, 2010; |
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The Law of the Peoples Republic of China Regarding State Security (1993) and its
Implementing Rules (1994); |
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Rules of the Peoples Republic of China for Protecting the Security of Computer
Information Systems (1994); |
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Notice Concerning Work Relating to the Filing of Computer Information Systems with
International Connections (1996); |
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Administrative Regulations for the Protection of Secrecy on Computer Information Systems
Connected to International Networks (1997); |
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Regulations for the Protection of State Secrets for Computer Information Systems on the
Internet (2000); |
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Notice issued by the Ministry of Public Security of the Peoples Republic of China
Regarding Issues Relating to the Implementation of the Administrative Measure for the
Security Protection of International Connections to Computer Information Networks (2000); |
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Decision of the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress Regarding the
Safeguarding of Internet Security (2000); |
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Measures for the Administration of Commercial Website Filings for the Record (2002) their
Implementing Rules (2002); |
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Measures for the Administration of IP Address Archiving (2005); |
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Provision on Technical Measures for Internet Security Protection (2005); and |
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Administrative Measures for the Graded Protection of Information Security (2007). |
These laws and regulations specifically prohibit the use of Internet infrastructure where it
may breach public security, provide content harmful to the stability of society or disclose state
secrets. According to these laws and regulations, it is mandatory for Internet companies in the PRC
to complete security-filing procedures and regularly update information security and censorship
systems for their websites with the local public security bureau. In addition, the newly amended
Law on Preservation of State Secrets which became effective on October 1, 2010, provides that
whenever an Internet service provider detects any leakage of state secrets in the distribution of
online information, it should stop the distribution of such information and report to the
authorities of state security and public security. As per request of the authorities of state
security, public security or state secrecy, the Internet service provider should delete any
contents on its website that may lead to disclosure of state secrets. Failure to do so
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on a timely and adequate basis may subject us to liability and certain penalties given by the
State Security Bureau, Ministry of Public Security and/or MII or their respective local
counterparts.
According to the Detailed Implementing Rules for the Measures for the Administration of
Commercial Website Filings for the Record, promulgated by BAIC in July 2002, websites must comply
with the following requirements:
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file with BAIC and obtain electronic registration marks; |
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place the registration marks on their websites homepages; and |
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register their website names with BAIC. |
The ICP Company successfully registered its websites with BAIC on December 23, 2002.
Afterwards, SINAs electronic registration mark is prominently placed on its homepage.
In addition, the State Security Bureau (SSB) has issued regulations authorizing the blocking
of access to any site it deems to be leaking state secrets or failing to comply with the relevant
legislation regarding the protection of state secrets during online information distribution.
Specifically, Internet companies in China with bulletin boards, chat rooms or similar services must
apply for the approval of the SSB prior to operating such services. The ICP Company has established
an internal security committee, adopted security maintenance measures, employed full-time BBS
supervisors and has been exchanging information on a regular basis with the local public security
bureau with regard to sensitive or censored information and websites. Thus, it is in full
compliance with the governing legislation.
Encryption Software
On October 7, 1999, the State Encryption Administration Commission published the Regulations
for the Administration of Commercial Encryption, followed by the first Notice of the General Office
of the State Encryption Administration Commission on November 8, 1999. Both of these regulations
address the use of software in China with encryption functions. According to these regulations,
purchase of encryption products must be reported. Violation of the encryption regulations may
result in a warning, penalty, confiscation of the encryption product, or criminal liabilities.
On March 18, 2000, the Office of the State Commission for the Administration of Cryptography
issued a public announcement regarding the implementation of those regulations. The announcement
clarifies the encryption regulations as below:
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Only specialized hardware and software, the core functions of which are encryption and
decoding, fall within the administrative scope of the regulations as encryption products
and equipment containing encryption technology. Other products such as wireless telephones,
Windows software and browsers do not fall within the scope of this regulation. |
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The PRC government has already begun to study the laws in question in accordance with WTO
rules and Chinas external commitments, and will make revisions wherever necessary. The
Administrative Regulations on Commercial Encryption will also be subject to such scrutiny
and revision. |
In late 2005, the Administration Bureau of Cryptography further issued a series of regulations
to regulate the development, production and sales of commercial encryption products, which all came
into effect on January 1, 2006.
We believe that the companies described in C. Organizational Structure below are in proper
compliance with these requirements. For the legal uncertainties associated with encryption
software, please see We may have to register our encryption software with Chinese regulatory
authorities, and if they request that we change our encryption software, our business operations
could be disrupted as we develop or license replacement software in the Risk Factors section.
Online Education
According to the Measures for the Administration of Educational websites and Online Education
School released on July 5, 2000, to open educational websites and online education schools,
application must be made to the administrative department overseeing education. Operation may begin
only when it is inspected and approved by the administrative department. Educational websites and
online education schools shall not operate without the approval of the administrative department
overseeing education.
In compliance with the above regulation, the ICP Company obtained the aforementioned approvals
from the Beijing Education Committee on March 21, 2002.
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Administrative Protection of Internet Copyright
According to the Measures for the Administrative Protection of Internet Copyright implemented
on May 30, 2005, acts of automatically providing such functions as uploading, storing, linking or
searching works, audio or video products, or other contents through the Internet based on the
instruction of an Internet content provider, without editing, amending or selecting any stored or
transmitted content, and other acts of providing Internet information services shall be governed by
the Copyright Law. A copyright administration department shall, when imposing administrative
penalties upon the act infringing upon the right of communication through information network,
apply the Measures for Imposing Copyright Administrative Penalties.
Where a copyright holder (individual or entity) finds any content communicated through the
Internet infringes upon its copyright and sends a notice of claim to the Internet information
service provider, the Internet information service provider shall immediately take measures to
remove the relevant contents, and preserve the copyright holders notice of claim for six months.
An Internet information service provider shall, after receipt of the copyright holders notice,
record the contents of the provided information, the publishing time, and the Internet address or
domain name. Where an Internet information service provider removes relevant content of an Internet
content provider according to the notice of a copyright holder, the Internet content provider may
deliver a counter-notice to both the Internet information service provider and the copyright
holder, stating that the removed contents do not infringe upon the copyright. After the delivery of
such counter-notice, the Internet information service provider may immediately reinstate the
removed contents and shall not bear legal liability for such reinstatement
Where an Internet information service provider clearly knows an Internet content provider
infringes others copyright through the Internet, or, although it does not clearly know such
activity but fails to take measures to remove relevant contents upon receipt of the copyright
owners notice, as a result, it damages public interests, the copyright administration department
may, in accordance with the Copyright Law, order it to stop the tortious act, and impose
administrative penalties. Where there is no evidence to indicate that an Internet information
service provider clearly knows the facts of tort, or the Internet information service provider has
taken measures to remove relevant contents upon receipt of the copyright owners notice, the
Internet information service provider shall not bear the relevant liabilities.
The companies described in C. Organizational Structure below have taken measures to protect
Internet copyright in pursuance of the specified procedures and in compliance with relevant laws
and regulations mentioned above.
Foreign Exchange
Foreign exchange regulation in China is primarily governed by the following regulations:
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Foreign Exchange Administration Rules, or the Exchange Rules, promulgated by the State
Council on January 29, 1996, which was amended on January 14, 1997 and on August 5, 2008
respectively; and |
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Administration Rules of the Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange, or the
Administration Rules, promulgated by the Peoples Bank of China on June 20, 1996. |
Under the Exchange Rules, RMB is convertible for current account items, including the
distribution of dividends, interest payments, trade and service-related foreign exchange
transactions. As for capital account items, such as direct investments, loans, security investments
and the repatriation of investment returns, however, the reservation or conversion of foreign
currency income is still subject to the approval of SAFE or its competent local branches; while for
the foreign currency payments for capital account items, the SAFE approval is not necessary for the
conversion of RMB except as otherwise explicitly provided by laws and regulations.
Under the Administration Rules, enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies at
banks that are authorized to conduct foreign exchange business after the enterprise provides valid
commercial documents and relevant supporting documents and, in the case of certain capital account
transactions, after obtaining approval from SAFE or its competent local branches. Capital
investments by enterprises outside of China are also subject to limitations, which include
approvals by the MOC, SAFE and the National Development and Reform Commission, or their respective
competent local branches.
On October 21, 2005, SAFE issued the Circular on Several Issues concerning Foreign Exchange
Administration for Domestic Residents to Engage in Financing and in Return Investments via Overseas
Special Purpose Companies, or Circular No. 75, which went into effect on November 1, 2005. Circular
No. 75 provides that if PRC residents use assets or equity interests in their PRC entities to
establish offshore companies or inject assets or equity interests of their PRC entities into
offshore companies for the purpose of overseas capital financing, they must register with local
SAFE branches with respect to their investments in offshore companies. Circular No. 75 also
requires PRC residents to file changes to their registration if their special purpose companies
44
undergo material events such as capital increase or decrease, share transfer or exchange,
merger or division, long-term equity or debt investments, provision of guaranty to a foreign party,
etc. SAFE further promulgated the Implementing Rules for Circular No. 75, or Circular No. 106,
clarifying and supplementing the concrete operating rules that shall be followed during the
implementation and application of Circular No. 75.
On August 29, 2008, the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration
of Foreign Exchange on the Relevant Operating Issues concerning the Improvement of the
Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-funded Enterprises,
or Circular 142, was promulgated by SAFE. Pursuant to Circular 142, the foreign currency capital of
FIEs, after being converted to RMB, can only be used for doing business within the business scope
approved by relevant governmental authorities, and shall not be used for domestic equity investment
except as otherwise explicitly provided by laws and regulations. In addition, FIEs may not change
how they use such capital without SAFEs approval, and may not in any case use such capital to
repay RMB loans if they have not used the proceeds of such loans.
On
November 19, 2010 SAFE promulgated a circular, or Circular 59 which
requires the authenticity of settlement of net proceeds from offshore
offerings to be closely examined and the net proceeds to be settled
in the manner described in the offering documents. Circular 142 and
Circular 59 may significantly limit our ability to transfer the net
proceeds from this offering to our PRC subsidiaries and convert the
net proceeds into RMB, which may adversely affect our liquidity and
our ability to fund and expand our business in the PRC.
Income Tax
On March 16, 2007, the National Peoples Congress approved and promulgated the EIT Law. On
December 6, 2007, the State Council approved the Implementing Rules. Both the EIT Law and its
Implementing Rules became effective on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law and the Implementing
Rules, which superseded the Previous IT Law, the enterprise income tax rate for both domestic
companies and FIEs is unified at 25%. On December 26, 2007, the State Council promulgated the
Circular on Implementation of Enterprise Tax Transition Preferential Policy, or the Preferential
Policy Circular. The EIT Law, its Implementing Rules and the Preferential Policy Circular provide a
five-year transitional period for certain entities that had enjoyed a favorable income tax rate of
less than 25% under the Previous IT Law and were established before March 16, 2007, during which
period the applicable enterprises income tax rate shall gradually increase to 25%.
On April 14, 2008, the Administration Measures for Recognition of High and New Technology
Enterprises, or the Recognition Measures, were jointly promulgated by the Ministry of Science and
Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the State Administration of Taxation, which sets out the
standards and process for granting the high and new technology enterprises status. According to the
EIT Law and its Implementing Rules as well as the Recognition Measures, enterprises which have been
granted the high and new technology enterprises status shall enjoy a favorable income tax rate of
15%. As of December 2010, three of our subsidiaries have obtained the Certificate for High and New
Technology Enterprises, evidencing their high and new technology enterprises status. Therefore, the
said companies are entitled to enjoy a favorable tax rate under the EIT Law.
The EIT Law also provides that an enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country
or region but whose de facto management body is located in the PRC be treated as a resident
enterprise for PRC tax purposes and consequently be subject to the PRC income tax at the rate of
25% for its global income. The Implementing Rules of the EIT Law merely defines the location of the
de facto management body as the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall
management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, properties,
etc., of a non-PRC company is located. The State Tax Administration issued the Circular regarding
the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Offshore Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident
Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or Circular 82, on April 22, 2009. Circular
82 provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the de facto management body of a
Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise is located in China. Although Circular 82 only
applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises, not companies like us, the
determining criteria set forth in Circular 82 may reflect the State Administration of Taxations
general position on how the de facto management body test should be applied in determining the
tax resident status of offshore enterprises, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC
enterprises or individuals. Based on a review of surrounding facts and circumstances, the Company
does not believe that it is likely that its operations outside of the PRC should be considered a
resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, due to limited guidance and implementation
history the EIT Law, should SINA be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes, the
Company will be subject to PRC tax on worldwide income at a uniform tax rate of 25% retroactive to
January 1, 2008.
The EIT Law also imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by an FIE to its
immediate holding company outside of China if such immediate holding company is considered a
non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received
dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company
within China, unless such immediate holding companys jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax
treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. Such withholding income
tax was exempted under the Previous IT Law. The Cayman Islands, where the Company is incorporated,
does not have such tax treaty with China. According to the Arrangement between Mainland China and
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of
Fiscal Evasion in August 2006, dividends paid by a foreign-invested enterprise in China to its
direct holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5%
(if the foreign investor owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the FIE). The State Administration of Taxation further promulgated a circular, or Circular 601, on
October 27, 2009, which provides that tax treaty benefits will be denied to conduit or shell
companies without business substance and that a beneficial ownership analysis will be used based on
a substance-over-form principle to determine whether or not to grant the tax treaty benefits. A
majority of our subsidiaries in China are directly held by our Hong Kong subsidiaries. If we are
regarded as a non-resident enterprise and our Hong Kong subsidiaries are regarded as resident
enterprises, then our Hong Kong subsidiaries may be required to pay a 10% withholding tax on any
dividends payable to us. If our Hong Kong entities are regarded as non-resident enterprises, then
our PRC subsidiaries may be required to pay a 5% withholding tax for any dividends payable to our
Hong Kong subsidiaries, however, it is still unclear at this stage whether Circular 601 applies to
dividends from our PRC subsidiaries paid to our Hong Kong subsidiaries and if our Hong Kong
subsidiaries were not considered as beneficial owners of any dividends from their PRC
subsidiaries, the dividends payable to our Hong Kong subsidiaries would be subject to withholding
tax at a rate of 10%.
45
The EIT Law and its Implementation Rules have made an effort to scrutinize transactions
between related parties. Pursuant to the EIT Law and its Implementation Rules, the tax authorities
may impose mandatory adjustment on tax due to the extent a related party transaction is not in line
with arms-length principle or was entered into with a purpose to reduce, exempt or delay the
payment of tax. On January 8, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Implementation
Measures for Special Tax Adjustments (Trial), which sets forth tax-filing disclosure and
documentation requirements, clarify the definition of related party, guide the selection and
application of transfer pricing methods, and outline the due process procedures for transfer
pricing investigation and assessment.
On December 10, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued a circular on Strengthening
the Administration of Enterprise Income Tax Collection on Income Derived from Equity Transfer by
Non-resident Enterprise, or Circular 698. Pursuant to Circular 698, non-resident enterprises should
declare any direct transfer of equity interest of PRC resident enterprises and pay taxes in
accordance with the EIT Law and relevant laws and regulations. For an indirect transfer, if the
effective tax rate for the transferor (a non-PRC-resident enterprise) is lower than 12.5% under the
law of the jurisdiction of the direct transferred target, the transferor is required to submit
relevant transaction materials to PRC tax authorities for review. If such indirect transfer is
determined by PRC tax authorities to be a transaction without any reasonable business purpose other
than for the purpose of tax avoidance, the gains derived from such transfer will be subject to PRC
income tax.
In addition to the above, after the EIT Law and its Implementing Rules were promulgated, the
State Administration of Taxation released several regulations to stipulate more details for
carrying out the EIT Law and its Implementing Rules. These regulations include:
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Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on the Issues Concerning the
Administration of Enterprise Income Tax Deduction and Exemption (2008); |
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Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Intensifying the Withholding of
Enterprise Income Tax on Non-resident Enterprises Interest Income Sourcing from China
(2008); |
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Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Several Issues Concerning the
Recognition of Incomes Subject to the Enterprise Income Tax (2008); |
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Opinion of the State Administration of Taxation on Strengthening the Administration of
Enterprise Income Tax (2008); |
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Notice of the Ministry of Finance and State Administration of Taxation on Several
Preferential Policies in Respect of Enterprise Income Tax (2008); |
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Interim Measures for the Administration of Collection of Enterprise Income Tax on the
Basis of Consolidation of Trans-regional Business Operations (2008); and |
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Several Issues Concerning the Enterprise Income Tax Treatment on Enterprise
Reorganization (2009). |
Labor and Work Safety
The Labor Law of the PRC, or the Labor Law, which was effective on January 1, 1995, provides
basic protections for employees, e.g. employment contracts shall be concluded if labor
relationships are to be established between employers and employees; employers cannot compel
employees to work beyond the time limit and shall provide wages which are not lower than local
standards on minimum wages to the employees punctually; employers shall establish and improve their
systems for labor safety and sanitation and strictly abide by applicable PRC rules and standards on
labor safety and sanitation; and female employees and juvenile employees are given special
protection.
On June 29, 2007, the National Peoples Congress of China enacted the
Labor Contract Law,
which became effective on January 1, 2008. On September 18, 2008, the State Council further
promulgated the Regulations on Implementation of the Labor Contract Law. Compared to the Labor Law,
the Labor Contract Law and its implementing regulations impose more restrictions on employers and
have been deemed to potentially increase labor costs for employers to terminate employment
relationship with employees. Such restrictions include specific provisions related to fixed term
employment contracts, temporary employment, probation, consultation with the labor union and
employee assembly, employment without a contract, dismissal of employees, compensation upon
termination and overtime work, and collective bargaining. According to the Labor Contract Law and
its implementing regulations, an employer is obliged to sign an unlimited term employment contract
with an employee if the employer intends to renew employment relationship with such employee after
two consecutive fixed term employment contracts. The employer also has to pay a compensation fee to
the employee if the employer terminates the unlimited term labor contract,
46
unless an employee refuses to extend an expired employment contract under terms which are the
same or more favorable than those in the expired contract. Compensation is also required when the
labor contract expires. Further, under the Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees, which
became effective on January 1, 2008, employees who have worked more than one year for an employer
are entitled to a paid vacation ranging from 5 to 15 days, depending on their length of service.
Employees who waive such vacation time at the request of employers shall be compensated for three
times their normal salaries for each waived vacation day.
The laws and regulations governing the labor relations and work safety also include:
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the Work Safety Law of the PRC (2002); |
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the Regulation on Occupational Injury Insurance (2004); |
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the Interim Measures Concerning the Maternity Insurance (1995); |
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the Interim Regulations on the Collection and Payment of Social Insurance Premiums (1999)
and its interim measures (1999); and |
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the Regulation on the Administration of Housing Fund (2002). |
For a description of how the unsettled nature of Chinese regulations may affect our business,
please see Even if we are in compliance with Chinese governmental regulations relating to
licensing and foreign investment prohibitions, the Chinese government may prevent us from
advertising or distributing content that it believes is inappropriate and we may be liable for such
content or we may have to stop profiting from such content. in the Risk Factors section.
47
C. Organizational Structure
SINA is the parent company of our group and conducts business operations in China through
wholly-owned and partially-owned subsidiaries and VIEs. Below are the significant wholly-owned
subsidiaries held by SINA:
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Jurisdiction |
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Subsidiary |
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of Organization |
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Ownership |
Beijing New Media Information Technology Co. Ltd. |
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Peoples Republic of China |
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100% |
SINA.com Technology (China) Co. Ltd. |
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Peoples Republic of China |
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100% |
SINA Technology (China) Co. Ltd. |
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Peoples Republic of China |
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100% |
SINA (Shanghai) Management Co. Ltd. |
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Peoples Republic of China |
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100% |
Beijing SINA Advertising Co. Ltd. |
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Peoples Republic of China |
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100% |
Shanghai SINA Advertising Co. Ltd. |
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Peoples Republic of China |
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100% |
Fayco Network Technology Development (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd. |
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Peoples Republic of China |
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100% |
T.CN Corporation |
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Cayman Island |
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100% |
SINA.com Online |
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United States of America |
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100% |
Rich Sight Investment Limited |
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Hong Kong |
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100% |
SINA Hong Kong Limited |
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Hong Kong |
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100% |
In compliance with the PRCs foreign investment restrictions on Internet information services
and other laws and regulations, we conduct all our Internet information services, advertising and
MVAS in China via the following significant domestic VIEs:
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The ICP Company is a China company controlled by us through a series of contractual
arrangements and is responsible for operating www.sina.com.cn in connection with its
Internet content company license, selling the advertisements to advertisers and providing
MVAS with its Value-Added Telecommunication Services Operating License in China via
third-party operators to the users. It is 1.5% owned by Yan Wang, the Companys Chairman of
the Board, 22.50% owned by the Companys Executive Vice President Tong Chen, 26.75% owned by
the Companys Chief Operating Officer Hong Du, and 49.25% owned by two other non-executive
PRC employees of the Company. The registered capital of the ICP Company is $2.5 million. |
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Xunlong is a China company controlled by us through a series of contractual arrangements
and is responsible for providing MVAS in China via third-party operators to users under its
Value-Added Telecommunication Services Operating License. It is owned by two non-executive
PRC employees of the Company. The registered capital of Xunlong is $1.2 million. |
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StarVI is a China company controlled by us through a series of contractual arrangements
and is responsible for providing MVAS in China via third-party operators to users under its
Value-Added Telecommunication Services Operating License. It is owned by three non-executive
PRC employees of the Company. The registered capital of StarVI is $1.2 million. |
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Wangxing is a China company controlled by us through a series of contractual arrangements
and is responsible for providing MVAS in China via third-party operators to users under its
Value-Added Telecommunication Services Operating License. It is owned by three non-executive
PRC employees of the Company. The registered capital of Wangxing is $1.2 million. |
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Beijing SINA Infinity Advertising Co., Ltd. (the IAD Company), a China company
controlled by us through a series of contractual arrangements, is an advertising agency. It
is owned by two non-executive PRC employees of the Company. This entity has an approved
business scope including design, production, agency and issuance of advertisements. The
registered capital of the IAD Company is $7.3 million. |
The capital investment in these VIEs is funded by SINA through SINAs wholly and
partially-owned subsidiaries and recorded as interest-free loans to the employees. As of December
31, 2010, the total amount of interest-free loans to the employee shareholders of the VIEs listed
above and the other inactive VIEs was $17.6 million. Under various contractual agreements, employee
shareholders of the VIEs are required to transfer their ownership in these entities to our
subsidiaries in China when permitted by PRC laws and regulations or to our designees at any time
for the amount of outstanding loans, and all voting rights of the VIEs are assigned to our wholly-owned subsidiaries in China. Our subsidiaries in China have the power to appoint all
directors and senior management personnel of the VIEs. Through our subsidiaries in China, we have
also entered into exclusive technical agreements and other service agreements with the VIEs, under
which these subsidiaries provide technical services and other services to the VIEs in exchange for
substantially all net income of the VIEs. In addition, our employee shareholders of the VIEs have
pledged their shares in the VIEs as collateral for non-payment of loans or for fees on technical
and other services due to us.
Although we have been advised by our PRC counsel, Jun He Law Offices, that our arrangements
with the VIEs are valid under current PRC laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that we will
not be required to restructure our organization structure and operations in China to comply with
changing and new PRC laws and regulations. Restructuring of our operations may result in
48
disruption of our business. If PRC tax authorities were to determine that our transfer pricing
structure was not done on an arms length basis and therefore constitutes a favorable transfer
pricing, they could request that our VIEs adjust their taxable income upward for PRC tax purposes.
Such a pricing adjustment may not reduce the tax expenses of our subsidiaries but could adversely
affect us by increasing our VIEs tax expenses, which could subject our VIEs to late payment fees
and other penalties for underpayment of taxes and/or could result in the loss of tax benefits
available to our subsidiaries in China. Any of these measures may result in adverse tax
consequences to us and adversely affect our results of operations.
D. Property, Plant and Equipment
The majority of our operations are in China, where we have offices in Beijing, Shanghai,
Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Our principal sales, marketing and development facilities are located on
premises comprising approximately 25,000 square meters in Beijing, China. We also have sales and
marketing operations at satellite offices in certain provinces of China. We lease office facilities
under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through 2013. Our servers are
primarily maintained at China Telecom and China Unicom in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou,
as well as in other cities throughout China. We also have servers located at various Internet data
centers in Taipei, San Jose (California) and Hong Kong.
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or future
strategies that are signified by the words expect, anticipate, intend, believe, the
negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. All forward-looking statements included in
this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we undertake no
obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially
from those projected in the forward-looking statements. We caution you that our business and
repetitive financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, including the
factors identified in Item 3. Key Information D. Risk Factors, that could cause actual results
to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements.
Overview
We are an online media company and MVAS provider in China and for the global Chinese
communities. Advertising and MVAS are currently our major sources of revenues, and we derive the
majority of these revenues from our operations in China.
Our advertising business in China has been robust in recent years because of strong local
economy, growth in Internet users and the shift of advertising budgets from traditional media to
online media. Our advertising revenues in 2010 were boosted in part by the coverage of the World
Cup, as well as continuing improvement of the business climate in China. For 2010, our MVAS
revenues declined from the previous year, as a result of operator policy changes. Although mobile
revenues stabilized in the last three quarters of 2010, our MVAS business will continue to be
susceptible to the policy environment set by operators in China.
In October 2009, prior to CRICs listing on the NASDAQ, we spun off SINAs online real estate
advertising business into our majority-owned subsidiary COHT and merged it with CRIC (the
Transaction) to form an online and offline real estate information and consulting platform in
China. As a result of the spin off, we stopped consolidating the financial results of COHT on
October 1, 2009, and began to account for our interest in CRIC, which was 34% as of December 31,
2010, using the equity method of accounting. Income from equity investment in CRIC, which is
recorded one quarter in arrears, totaled $13.1 million for 2010. We expect equity income from CRIC
to make up a material portion of our future net income, the growth of which will depend in part on
the ability of CRIC to grow its net income. In addition, the Company entered into certain license
agreements with CRIC. The fair value of these license agreements were measured at $187.4 million
and was recognized as deferred revenue and amortized on a straight line basis over the contract
period of ten years. The amortized deferred revenue for 2010 and 2009 were $18.7 million and $4.7
million, respectively.
Other factors affecting our future growth include: (1) our ability to increase awareness of
our brand and continue to build user loyalty; (2) our ability to attract a larger audience to our
network; and (3) our ability to attract new advertisers and increase the average spending of our
existing advertisers. The performance of our advertising business also depends on our ability to
react to risks and challenges, including:
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our ability to compete with other Internet properties, including social networking
services, other microblog sites, video sites, category-specific vertical sites, web
browser and client, and achieve brand influence and market share; |
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increased competition and potential downward pressure on online advertising prices and
limitations on web page space; |
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the maintenance and enhancement of our brands in a cost effective manner; |
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development and retention of a large base of users possessing demographic characteristics
attractive to advertisers; |
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expansion of our content portfolio, product offerings and network bandwidth in a
cost-effective manner; |
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any change in government policy that would curtail or restrict our online advertising
services; and |
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our ability to increase our advertising space at a sufficient rate. |
In order to support the development of our microblog Weibo and other initiatives,
including expanding online video offerings, grow our online user base and user traffic, and attract new advertisers
and partners, we expect to significantly increase our investments in product development and
partnership expansion, expand the content and services on our network and procure more bandwidth
and network equipment. We also expect to significantly increase our marketing efforts to drive
greater brand awareness to our users, advertisers and partners. These investment
increases may cause our gross margin and operating margin to significantly decline from 2010.
Our MVAS business rebounded in 2009, resulting mainly from a relatively stable operating
environment following years of abrupt changes in operator policies and government regulations.
However, new operator policies were introduced in late 2009 and early 2010, resulting in a decline
of our MVAS business in 2010. We believe policy changes from operators will continue to be a key
risk for our MVAS business in the near future. Our ability to cope with sudden operator policy
changes and stabilize our MVAS revenues are dependent on our ability to quickly react with new
services or through new channels that meet the requirements of the new policies and are accepted by
the market. The changing operator policies coupled with the fierce competition in the MVAS space
have caused our MVAS business to experience declining gross margins in recent years. This trend may
continue. However, we believe it is important for the Company to continue operation in MVAS
business, because mobile Internet will be a significant opportunity for us, especially with the
increasing adoption of 3G, smartphone handsets and tablets in China. Our relationships with mobile
operators and other partners in the MVAS business as well as the expertise that we have gained on
the mobile environment in China will be instrumental in developing SINAs mobile Internet business.
As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, our accumulated earnings were $571.4 million and $590.5
million, respectively. Our total cash, cash equivalent and short-term investments as of December
31, 2010 and 2009 were $882.8 million and $821.5 million, respectively.
We have funded our
operations and capital expenditures primarily using the $97.5 million raised through the sale of
preference shares, the $68.8 million raised from the sale of ordinary shares in the
initial public offering, the $97.3 million raised from the sale of zero-coupon, convertible,
subordinated notes in July 2003 and the $180.0 million
raised from a private equity placement of our ordinary shares in November 2009, as well as cash
generated from operations and the exercise of stock options.
We repurchased
approximately 2.5 million SINA ordinary shares in the open market for total consideration of $50
million during the first quarter of 2009.
We intend to continue our
investment in the development and enhancement of our products, content and services, as well as
investment in sales and marketing. If we are unable to generate sufficient net income from our
operations in the future, we may have to finance our operations from the current funds available or
seek equity or debt financing.
Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based
upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The
preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and
related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our
estimates and judgment areas, including those related to revenues, customer programs and
incentives, bad debts, equity investments, intangible assets and goodwill, stock-based
compensation, income taxes, advertising expenses, estimated useful lives of assets, foreign
currency, contingencies and litigation. Our estimates are based on historical experience and
various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates
form the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not
readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from such estimates under
different assumptions or conditions. For further information on our critical accounting policies,
see the discussion in the section titled Recent Accounting Pronouncements below and Note 2 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
We believe the following critical accounting policies affect the more significant judgments
and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:
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Allowance for doubtful accounts
The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts which reflects its best estimate of
amounts that potentially will not be collected. The Company determines the allowance for doubtful
accounts based on factors such as historical experience, credit-worthiness and age of receivable
balances. If the financial condition of the Companys customers were to deteriorate and result in
an impairment of their ability to make payments, or if the operators decide not to pay the Company,
additional allowances may be required which could materially impact our financial position and
results of operations. Allowances for doubtful accounts charged to income were $1.2 million, $5.3
million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and
amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful
lives of the assets, generally from three to five years. Judgment is required to determine the
estimated useful lives of assets, especially for computer equipment, including determining how long
existing equipment can function and when new technologies will be introduced at cost-effective
price points to replace existing equipment. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could
materially impact our financial position and results of operations.
Impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets
We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level
below an operating segment) on an annual basis, or more frequently, if facts and circumstances
warrant a review. We make judgments about goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that an impairment in the carrying value of goodwill may exist. The timing of an
impairment test may result in charges to our Consolidated Statements of Operations in the current
reporting period that could not have been reasonably foreseen in prior periods. Application of a
goodwill impairment test requires judgment including the identification of reporting units,
assigning assets and liabilities to the reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units and
estimating the fair value of each reporting unit. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could
materially affect the determination of fair value of each reporting unit which could trigger
impairment. More conservative assumptions of the anticipated future benefits from these reporting
units could result in impairment charges, which would decrease net income and result in lower asset
values on our consolidated balance sheet. Conversely, less conservative assumptions could result in
smaller or no impairment charges, higher net income and higher asset values. See Note 4 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on goodwill.
Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets to be held and used are reviewed
for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of
such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of
undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition.
Measurement of any impairment loss for long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets
that management expects to hold or use is based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds
the fair value of the asset. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially impact our
financial position and results of operations.
Equity investments
Equity investments are comprised of investments in publicly-traded companies and privately-held
companies. We account for our common stock equivalent equity investments in entities over which we
have significant influence but do not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control using the
equity method. For equity investments over which we do not have significant influence, the cost
method of accounting is used. For equity investments in shares that are not common stock or
in-substance common stock and that do not have readily determinable fair value, the cost method
accounting is used. The Company accounts for its investment in CRIC using the equity method of
accounting. Following the acquisition date, we record our share of the results of CRIC one quarter
in arrears within earnings in equity interests.
We assess our equity investments for other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors
including, but not limited to, stock prices of public companies in which we have an equity
investment, current economic and market conditions, operating performance of the companies,
including current earnings trends and undiscounted cash flows, and other company-specific
information, such as recent financing rounds. The fair value determination, particularly for
investments in privately-held companies, requires significant judgment to determine appropriate
estimates and assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could affect the calculation
of the fair value of the investments and the determination of whether an identified impairment is
other-than-temporary. If an impairment is considered other-than-temporary, the Company will write
down the asset to its fair value and take the corresponding charge to the Consolidated Statements
of Operations.
51
Our marketable securities are held as available for sale and are reported at fair value. The
treatment of a decline in the fair value of an individual security is based on whether the decline
is other-than-temporary. Significant judgment is required to assess whether the impairment is
other-than-temporary. Our judgment of whether an impairment is other-than-temporary is based on an
assessment of factors including our ability and intent to hold the individual security, severity of
the impairment, expected duration of the impairment and forecasted recovery of fair value. Changes
in the estimates and assumptions could affect our judgment of whether an identified impairment
should be recorded as an unrealized loss in the equity section of our consolidated balance sheets
or as a realized loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Revenue recognition
Advertising
Our advertising revenues are derived principally from online advertising and, to a lesser
extent, sponsorship arrangements. Online advertising arrangements allow advertisers to place
advertisements on particular areas of our websites, in particular formats and over particular
periods of time. Sponsorship arrangements allow advertisers to sponsor a particular area on our
websites in exchange for a fixed payment over the contract period. While the majority of our
revenue transactions contain standard business terms and conditions, there are certain transactions
that contain non-standard business terms and conditions. In addition, we have certain sales
transactions that involve multiple element arrangements (arrangements with more than one
deliverable) that may include placement on specific properties. As a result, significant contract
interpretation is sometimes required to determine the appropriate accounting for these transactions
including: (1) how the consideration of an arrangement should be allocated among potential multiple
elements; (2) when to recognize revenue on the deliverables; and (3) whether all elements of the
arrangement have been delivered. Changes in judgments on these assumptions and estimates could
materially impact the timing or amount of revenue recognition.
MVAS
We mainly rely on third-party operators for billing, collection and transmission of our MVAS
to our users. We also rely on other service providers to provide content and to distribute MVAS or
other services for us. Revenues are recorded on a gross basis when most of the gross indicators are
met, such as we are considered the primary obligor in the arrangement, design and develop (in some
cases with the assistance of third-parties) the MVAS, have reasonable latitude to establish price,
have discretion in selecting the operators to offer our MVAS, provide customer services related to
the MVAS and take on the credit risks associated with the transmission fees. Conversely, revenues
are recorded on a net basis when most of the gross indicators are not met. The determination of
whether we are the primary obligor for a particular type of service is subjective in nature and is
based on an evaluation of the terms of the arrangement. If the terms of the arrangement with
operators were to change and cause the gross indicators not being met, we would have to record our
MVAS revenues on a net basis. In 2010, approximately 96% of our MVAS revenues were recorded on a
gross basis. Consequently, recording MVAS revenues on a net basis would cause a significant decline
in our total net revenues, but should not have a significant impact on our gross profit.
Due to the time lag between when the services are rendered and when the operator billing
statements are received, MVAS revenues are estimated based on our internal records of billings and
transmissions for the month, adjusting for prior periods confirmation rates with operators and
prior periods discrepancies between internally estimated revenues and actual revenues confirmed by
operators. The confirmation rate applied to the estimation of revenue is determined at the lower of
the latest confirmation rate available and the average of six months of historical rates if such
historical average is available. If we have not yet received confirmation rates for six months,
revenues would be deferred until billing statements are received from the operators. If subsequent
billing statements from the operators differ significantly from managements estimates, our
revenues could be materially impacted.
In the past, one of the operators has requested resettlement of billings that were settled in
prior periods and on which payments have been received. We have accrued for such credits to revenue
based on a historical rolling average and the true-ups between accrued amounts and actual credit
memos issued have not been material. If operators request for a resettlement of billings for
previous periods at an amount significantly higher than historical average, our revenues could be
materially impacted.
Changes in judgments on assumptions and estimates stated above for MVAS revenues could
materially impact the timing and/or amount of revenue recognition.
52
In addition to the above, our revenue recognition policy requires an assessment as to whether
collection is reasonably assured, which requires us to evaluate the creditworthiness of our
customers.
Advertising expense
Advertising expenses consist primarily of costs for promotion of corporate image, product
marketing and direct marketing. We expense all advertising costs as incurred and classify these
costs under sales and marketing expense. The nature of our direct marketing activities is such that
they are intended to acquire subscribers for subscription-based and usage-based MVAS. We expense
all such direct marketing expenses.
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value
of the award and is recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis, net of estimated
forfeitures, over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. We use the
Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the estimated fair value of share options. The
determination of the estimated fair value of stock-based compensation awards on the grant date
using an option-pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a
number of complex and subjective variables, including our expected stock price volatility over the
term of the awards, actual and projected employee share option exercise behaviors, risk-free
interest rate and expected dividends. Shares of our subsidiaries, which do not have quoted market
prices, were valued based on the income approach, if a revenue model had been established, or the
market approach, the results of which were considered with that of other approaches, including the
replacement cost method, to assess reasonableness. Determination of estimated fair value of our subsidiaries
required complex and subjective judgments due to their limited financial and operating history,
unique business risks and limited public information on companies in
China similar to ours. If different assumptions were used for estimating stock-based compensation expense or if a
different valuation method was used, the change in our stock-based compensation expense could materially
affect our gross profit, operating income, net income attributable to SINA and net income per share attributable
to SINA.
Furthermore, we are required to estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and record
stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. If actual
forfeitures differ materially from our estimated forfeitures, we may need to revise those estimates
used in subsequent periods.
See Note 12 to Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding stock-based
compensation.
Income taxes
We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method,
income tax expense is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current
year. In addition, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax
consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and
liabilities and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Management is required to make
assumptions, judgments and estimates to determine our current provision for income taxes and our
deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance to be recorded against a deferred
tax asset. Our judgments, assumptions and estimates relative to the current provision for income
tax take into account current tax laws, our interpretation of current tax laws and possible
outcomes of current and future audits conducted by foreign and domestic tax authorities. Changes in
tax law or our interpretation of tax laws and the resolution of current and future tax audits could
significantly impact the income taxes recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Our
assumptions, judgments and estimates related to the value of a deferred tax asset take into account
predictions of the amount and category of future taxable income, such as income from operations.
Actual operating results and the underlying amount and category of income in future years could
render our current assumptions, judgments and estimates of recoverable net deferred taxes
inaccurate. Any of the assumptions, judgments and estimates mentioned above could cause our actual
income tax obligations to differ from our estimates and, thus, materially impact our financial
position and results of operations.
In order to assess uncertain tax positions, the Company applies a more likely than not
threshold and a two-step approach for the tax position measurement and financial statement
recognition. Under the two-step approach, the first step is to evaluate the tax position for
recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely
than not that the position will be sustained, including resolution of related appeals or litigation
processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more
than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement.
In accordance with accounting guidance, undistributed earnings of a subsidiary are presumed to
be transferred to the parent company and are subject to withholding taxes, unless the parent
company has evidence of specific plans for reinvestment of undistributed earnings of a subsidiary
that demonstrate that remittance of the earnings will be postponed indefinitely. The current policy
adopted by the Companys Board of Directors allows the Company to distribute PRC earnings offshore
only if the Company does not have to pay a dividend tax. Based on the EIT Law,
which became effective on January 1, 2008, such policy would require the Company to indefinitely
reinvest all earnings made in China since 2008 onshore or be subject up to 10% in withholding tax
should it decides to distribute earnings accumulated since 2008 offshore.
53
Foreign currency
Our reporting currency and functional currency are the U.S. dollar and our subsidiaries and
VIEs in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan use their respective local currencies as their functional
currencies. An entitys functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in
which the entity operates. Management must use judgment in determining an entitys functional
currency, assessing economic factors including cash flow, sales price, sales market, expense,
financing and inter-company transactions and arrangements. Impact from exchange rate changes
related to transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency is recorded as
a gain and loss in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, while impact from exchange rate
changes related to translating a foreign entitys financial statements from its functional currency
to our reporting currency, the U.S. dollar, is disclosed and accumulated in a separate component
under the equity section of our consolidated balance sheets. Translation gains or losses are not
released to net income unless the associated net investment has been sold, liquidated or
substantially liquidated. Management uses judgment in determining the timing of recognition of
translation gains or losses. Such determination requires assessing whether translation gains or
losses were derived from the sale or complete or substantially complete liquidation of an
investment in a foreign entity. Different judgments or assumptions resulting in a change of
functional currency or timing of recognition of foreign exchange gains or losses may materially
impact our financial position and results of operations.
Nonmonetary transactions
We account for nonmonetary transactions based on ASC 845-10 Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets,
which requires the assets exchanged to be based on fair value unless one of the three conditions is
met: (1) the fair value of the asset relinquished or received cannot be determined (within
reasonable limits), (2) there is an exchange of inventory for inventory that will be sold in the
same line of business to facilitate sales to customers, or (3) the transaction lacks commercial
substance. The determination of fair value requires significant judgment in estimates and
assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the calculation of
the fair value.
Disposal of a business
We account for the disposal of a business by recognizing a gain or loss measured as the
difference between the aggregate of (1) the fair value of any consideration received, (2) the fair
value of any retained noncontrolling investment in the former business at the date the business is
deconsolidated and (3) the carrying amount of any noncontrolling interest in the former business
(including any accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to the noncontrolling interest)
at the date the business is deconsolidated; and (4) the carrying amount of the former businesss
assets and liabilities. The determination of fair value requires significant judgment in estimates
and assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the calculation
of the fair value.
Recent accounting pronouncements
In October 2009, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (the FASB) issued new guidance on
revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple deliverables and certain revenue arrangements
that include software elements. By providing another alternative for determining the selling price
of deliverables, the guidance for arrangements with multiple deliverables will allow companies to
allocate arrangement consideration in multiple deliverable arrangements in a manner that better
reflects the transactions economics and will often result in earlier revenue recognition. The new
guidance modifies the fair value requirements of previous guidance by allowing best estimate of
selling price in addition to vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) and other vendor
objective evidence (VOE, now referred to as TPE standing for third-party evidence) for
determining the selling price of a deliverable. A vendor is now required to use its best estimate
of the selling price when VSOE or TPE of the selling price cannot be determined. In addition, the
residual method of allocating arrangement consideration is no longer permitted under the new
guidance. The new guidance for certain revenue arrangements that include software elements removes
non-software components of tangible products and certain software components of tangible products
from the scope of existing software revenue guidance, resulting in the recognition of revenue
similar to that for other tangible products. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years
beginning on or after June 15, 2010.
We do not expect adoption of this new guidance will have material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In December 2010, the FASB issued revised guidance on When to Perform Step 2 of the Goodwill
Impairment Test for Reporting Units with Zero or Negative Carrying Amounts. The revised guidance
specifies that an entity with reporting units that have carrying amounts that are zero or negative
is required to assess whether it is more likely than not that the reporting units goodwill is
impaired. If the entity determines that it is more likely than not that the goodwill of one or
more of its reporting units is impaired, the entity should perform Step 2 of the goodwill
impairment test for those reporting unit(s). Any resulting goodwill
54
impairment should be recorded as a cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings
in the period adoption. Any goodwill impairments occurring after the initial adoption of the
revised guidance should be included in earnings as required by Section 350-20-35. The revised
guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after
December 15, 2010. We do not expect adoption of this new guidance will have material
impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In December 2010, the FASB issued revised guidance on the Disclosure of Supplementary Pro
Forma Information for Business Combinations. The revised guidance specifies that if a public
entity presents comparative financial statements, the entity should disclose revenue and earnings
of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the current year
had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. The revised
guidance also expands the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature
and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business
combination included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings. The revised guidance is
effective prospectively for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the
beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2010. We do not expect adoption of
this new guidance will have material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
55
A. Operating Results
Net revenues
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Year Ended December 31, |
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% of Change |
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YOY |
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YOY |
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2010 |
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2009 |
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2008 |
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10 & 09 |
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09 & 08 |
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(In thousands, except percentages) |
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Net revenues |
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Advertising |
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$ |
290,814 |
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72 |
% |
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$ |
227,895 |
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64 |
% |
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$ |
258,499 |
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70 |
% |
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28 |
% |
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(12 |
)% |
Non-advertising: |
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MVAS |
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86,183 |
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22 |
% |
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119,341 |
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33 |
% |
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103,318 |
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28 |
% |
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(28 |
)% |
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16 |
% |
Others |
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25,620 |
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6 |
% |
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|
11,331 |
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3 |
% |
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|
7,770 |
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2 |
% |
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126 |
% |
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46 |
% |
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111,803 |
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28 |
% |
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|
130,672 |
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|
|
36 |
% |
|
|
111,088 |
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|
|
30 |
% |
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|
(14 |
)% |
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|
18 |
% |
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$ |
402,617 |
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|
|
100 |
% |
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$ |
358,567 |
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|
|
100 |
% |
|
$ |
369,587 |
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|
|
100 |
% |
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|
12 |
% |
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|
(3 |
)% |
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Total net revenues increased 12% year-over-year in 2010 and decreased 3% year-over-year in
2009. The increase from 2009 to 2010 represented an increase in advertising revenues partially
offset by a decrease in non-advertising revenues. The decrease from 2008 to 2009 was mainly due to
the year-over-year decrease in advertising partially offset by an increase in non-advertising
revenues. Advertising revenues as a percentage of total net revenues increased to 72% in 2010 from
64% in 2009 and 70% in 2008, while MVAS revenues decreased to 22% in 2010 from 33% in 2009 and 28%
in 2008.
Advertising. Advertising revenues increased 28% year-over-year in 2010. This growth was
primarily due to successful coverage of the 2010 World Cup as well as the continuing improvement of
the business climate in China. Substantially all of our advertising revenues are generated from
China. Our top ten customers in the aggregate accounted for approximately 19%, 16% and 17%
of our advertising revenues in the PRC in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Automobile,
fast-moving consumer goods, financial, telecommunication, information technology and internet
services were our top advertising sectors in 2010, accounting for approximately 85% of total
advertising revenues.
We spun off our online real estate advertising business and merged it with CRIC in October
2009. Subsequent to the spin off, we stopped consolidating real estate advertising revenues. Real
estate advertising revenues constituted approximately 12% of our total advertising revenues for
2009.
Non-advertising. Non-advertising revenues consist of MVAS and, to a lesser extent, amortized
deferred revenues and fee-based revenues.
MVAS
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Year Ended December 31, |
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% of Change |
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YOY |
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YOY |
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2010 |
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2009 |
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2008 |
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10 & 09 |
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09 & 08 |
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(In thousands, except percentages) |
|
2.0G products |
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$ |
64,852 |
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75 |
% |
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$ |
84,432 |
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|
71 |
% |
|
$ |
64,005 |
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|
62 |
% |
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(23 |
)% |
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|
32 |
% |
2.5G products |
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21,331 |
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|
25 |
% |
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|
34,909 |
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|
29 |
% |
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|
39,313 |
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|
|
38 |
% |
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|
(39 |
)% |
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|
(11 |
)% |
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$ |
86,183 |
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|
100 |
% |
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$ |
119,341 |
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|
|
100 |
% |
|
$ |
103,318 |
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|
|
100 |
% |
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|
(28 |
)% |
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|
16 |
% |
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MVAS revenues decreased 28% year-over-year in 2010 and increased 16% year-over-year in 2009.
The year-over year decline in MVAS revenues in 2010 primarily resulted from China Mobile
implementing a series of policy changes, including the suspension of WAP billing, limiting the
service offerings and partnerships allowed for each SMS service code, preventing television and
radio promotion of certain IVR products and requiring additional notices and customer confirmations
in the MVAS ordering process in late 2009 and early 2010. The year-over-year increase in MVAS
revenues in 2009 was mainly due to relatively more stable operator policies, government regulations
and business environment.
Revenues from 2.0G products, including SMS, IVR and CRBT, decreased 23% year-over-year in 2010
after increasing 32% year-over-year in 2009. Revenues from SMS accounted for 46%, 45% and 33% of
MVAS revenues in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Revenues from IVR were 25%, 23% and 25% of MVAS
revenues in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Revenues
56
from SMS and IVR revenues declined 27% and 19%, respectively, in 2010 as a result of China
Mobile implementing a series of policy changes. For 2009, revenues from SMS and IVR grew 60% and 2%
year-over-year, respectively. The year-over-year change in product mix between SMS and IVR in 2009
mostly reflected the allocation of promotional activities to maximize the return on our marketing
efforts.
Revenues from 2.5G products decreased 39% and 11% in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Revenues
from KJAVA accounted for 19%, 12% and 10% of MVAS revenues in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
KJAVA revenues grew 10% year over year in 2010 mainly due to increased game offerings and sales
promotion. Revenues from MMS accounted for 6%, 8% and 17% of MVAS revenues in 2010, 2009 and 2008,
respectively. MMS revenues declined 48% in 2010, resulting from operator policy changes and
decreased marketing effort. Revenues from WAP accounted for less than 1%, 9% and 11% of MVAS
revenues in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. WAP revenues dropped 98% in 2010, as a result of
China Mobile suspending billing to WAP customers.
In the past, operators have made significant changes to their policies on MVAS in accordance
with policy derivatives from MII. The policy changes by the operators have significantly reduced
our ability to acquire new MVAS subscribers and increased the churn rate of our existing monthly
MVAS subscribers. In addition, our MVAS business has been impacted by other regulatory bodies in
China, such as SARFT. The key policy changes made by operators in recent years include the
following:
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|
|
In December 2010, under policy derivatives from MII, China Mobile began requiring a
subscription reminder to be sent for monthly MVAS subscriptions after receiving double
confirmation of the subscription. Subscribers can cancel MVAS subscriptions by replying to
the reminder notice. Such reminder notice has reduced our ability to acquire new monthly MVAS
subscribers. |
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|
In January 2010, China Mobile implemented a series of measures, including limiting the
service offerings and partnerships allowed for each SMS service code, preventing the
television and radio promotion of certain interactive IVR products and requiring additional
notices and customer confirmations in the MVAS ordering process. As indicated above, SMS,
IVR and MMS revenues have been significantly impacted by such measures. |
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In November 2009, China Mobile suspended billing to customers for WAP services. China
Mobile has not yet indicated whether WAP billing will resume. |
Mobile operators, such as China Mobile and China Unicom, and governmental bodies, such as MII
and SARFT, may announce additional measures or regulations in the future, which may adversely
impact our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. We are in the process of
developing and promoting new products that we believe are not subject to recent policy and
regulations changes made by operators and governmental bodies. However, there is no guarantee that
we will be able to develop any such new products, that any such products will achieve market
acceptance or that such products will not be affected by future changes in rules and regulations.
Other non-advertising revenues
Other non-advertising revenues include amortized deferred revenues and fee-based services,
such as paid email services and causal games. In conjunction with the sale of our online real
estate business to CRIC in October 2009, we signed certain license agreements with CRIC. The fair
value of these license agreements were measured at $187.4 million, which was recognized as deferred
revenue and amortized on a straight-line basis over the contract period of ten years.
Amortized deferred revenues were $18.7 million and $4.7 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Costs of revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Change |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
YOY 10 & 09 |
|
|
YOY 09 & 08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands, except percentages) |
|
|
|
|
Costs of revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advertising |
|
$ |
116,295 |
|
|
$ |
99,835 |
|
|
$ |
100,008 |
|
|
|
16 |
% |
|
|
* |
|
Non-advertising: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MVAS |
|
|
49,612 |
|
|
|
56,851 |
|
|
|
48,005 |
|
|
|
(13 |
)% |
|
|
18 |
% |
Others |
|
|
2,503 |
|
|
|
1,606 |
|
|
|
2,322 |
|
|
|
56 |
% |
|
|
(31 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
52,115 |
|
|
|
58,457 |
|
|
|
50,327 |
|
|
|
(11 |
)% |
|
|
16 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
168,410 |
|
|
$ |
158,292 |
|
|
$ |
150,335 |
|
|
|
6 |
% |
|
|
5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costs of revenues increased 6% and 5% year-over-year in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Costs of
advertising revenues increased 16% in 2010, while the costs of MVAS revenues declined 13%. The
changes in costs are generally consistent with the revenue
57
changes in the two categories. Costs of advertising revenues for 2009 were flat from the
prior year, as we implemented cost control in light of the decline in advertising revenues. Costs
of MVAS revenues for 2009 increased 18%, reflecting the increase in MVAS revenues and increasing
competitive landscape.
Advertising. Costs of advertising revenues consist primarily of expenses associated with the
production of our websites, including fees paid to third parties for Internet connection, content
and services, payroll-related costs, stock-based compensation and equipment depreciation expense.
Costs of advertising revenues also include the business taxes on advertising sales in the PRC.
Business taxes, net of business tax refund received, surcharges and cultural business construction
fees, levied on advertising sales in China, in aggregate equalized approximately 8.5% of our
advertising revenues generated in China.
Costs of advertising revenues
increased 16% year-over-year in 2010. The increase in costs of advertising revenues in 2010 was due to an
increase in content fees of $7.9 million, business taxes of $4.9 million, direct labor cost of $3.3
million and third-party advertisement production cost of $2.4 million. These increases were
partially offset by a $2.4 million reduction in stock-based compensation. Content fees increased in
2010 mainly resulting from the purchase of 2010 World Cup coverage and NBA content. Business taxes and
advertisement production costs increased as a function of higher revenues. The higher direct labor
cost was due to headcount and salary increases.
Costs of advertising revenues was basically flat from 2008 to 2009, Internet connection costs increased $4.2 million in 2009, stock-based
compensation increased $2.2 million ($0.5 million of the increase related to a private equity
placement of SINA shares to New-Wave Investment Holding Company
Limited (New-Wave), third-party production costs increased $1.6 million and
direct labor costs increased $0.6 million, offset by a $5.2 million
reduction in content fees (mostly related to 2008 Beijing Olympics content) and a $3.5 million
decrease in business taxes, attributable to lower advertising revenues.
Non-advertising. Costs of non-advertising revenues mainly consist of the fees paid to mobile
operators for billing, transmissions and collection of MVAS revenues, fees or royalties paid to
MVAS content and service providers and business taxes and surcharges levied in the PRC, which are
approximately 3.3% for mobile-related revenues and 5.5% for other non-advertising revenues.
Costs of MVAS revenues decreased 13% year-over-year in 2010 and increased 18% in 2009. The
decrease in costs of MVAS revenues in 2010 was due to $6.3 million less fees paid to content and
service providers, as a result of a decline in MVAS revenues. Compared to 2008, fees paid to
content and service providers in 2009 increased $5.3 million while fees paid to operators increased
$3.2 million. The increase in fees paid to content and service providers as well as operators
reflects the increase in MVAS revenues and increasing competitive landscape.
Costs of other non-advertising revenues also include costs for providing fee-based services.
Gross margins
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2010 |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
Gross margins: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advertising |
|
|
60 |
% |
|
|
56 |
% |
|
|
61 |
% |
Non-advertising: |
|
|
53 |
% |
|
|
55 |
% |
|
|
55 |
% |
MVAS |
|
|
42 |
% |
|
|
52 |
% |
|
|
54 |
% |
Others |
|
|
90 |
% |
|
|
86 |
% |
|
|
70 |
% |
Overall |
|
|
58 |
% |
|
|
56 |
% |
|
|
59 |
% |
Overall gross margin improved two percentage points in 2010 and declined three percentage
points in 2009.
Advertising. The improvement in advertising gross margin in 2010 was due to the increase in
revenues without a proportional increase in costs. In addition, stock-based compensation declined
in 2010. The decline in advertising gross margin in 2009 was mainly due to the decrease in
advertising revenues without a proportionate decrease in costs. Stock-based compensation for 2010,
2009 and 2008 accounted for approximately 1%, 2% and 1% of our advertising revenues, respectively.
We expect to increase our investment in absolute dollars in web content, especially in
video, Internet connection and production costs to stay competitive in the market,
which may cause
our advertising gross margin to decline.
Non-advertising. The majority of the costs associated with non-advertising revenues are
variable costs. Gross margin for non-advertising revenues for 2010 was 53%, a decline of two
percentage points from 2009 and 2008. Gross margin for MVAS for 2010 was 42%, a decline of ten
percentage points from 2009. Gross margin for MVAS from 2008 to 2009 declined two percentage
points. These year-over-year declines were mainly driven the increases in fees paid to mobile
operators and third-party
58
content and service providers, as well as the decrease in WAP revenue, which were recognized
on a net basis after deducting the fee paid to mobile operators.
Operating expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
% of Change |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Net |
|
|
YOY |
|
|
YOY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
10 & 09 |
|
|
09 & 08 |
|
|
|
(In thousands, except percentages) |
|
Sales and marketing |
|
$ |
77,996 |
|
|
|
19 |
% |
|
$ |
85,133 |
|
|
|
24 |
% |
|
$ |
79,784 |
|
|
|
22 |
% |
|
|
(8 |
)% |
|
|
7 |
% |
Product development |
|
|
34,048 |
|
|
|
8 |
% |
|
|
33,777 |
|
|
|
9 |
% |
|
|
30,371 |
|
|
|
8 |
% |
|
|
1 |
% |
|
|
11 |
% |
General and administrative |
|
|
22,585 |
|
|
|
6 |
% |
|
|
40,025 |
|
|
|
11 |
% |
|
|
33,179 |
|
|
|
9 |
% |
|
|
(44) |
% |
|
|
21 |
% |
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
|
3,335 |
|
|
|
1 |
% |
|
|
4,138 |
|
|
|
1 |
% |
|
|
1,337 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
(19 |
)% |
|
|
209 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
137,964 |
|
|
|
34 |
% |
|
$ |
163,073 |
|
|
|
45 |
% |
|
$ |
144,671 |
|
|
|
39 |
% |
|
|
(15) |
% |
|
|
13 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses decreased 15% year-over-year in 2010 and increased 13% in 2009.
Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist of payroll, commissions and other
employee-related expenses, advertising and promotional expenditures and business travel expenses.
Sales and marketing as a percentage of net revenues was 19% in 2010, compared to 24% in 2009 and
22% in 2008. The decline in sales and marketing expenses from 2009 to 2010 both as a percentage of
net revenues and in absolute dollars was primarily due to lower stock-based compensation costs and
lower marketing expenditures overall. Compared to 2009, stock-based compensation decreased $3.6
million. The higher stock-based compensation in 2009 included 1.5
million in expenses related to the private equity financed
shares issued to management and costs related to the accelerated vesting of certain restricted share
units granted to key managers and employees. Compared to 2009, MVASs marketing expenses declined
$3.5 million due to operator policy changes and marketing expenditure for the online real estate
advertising business falling $1.3 million to zero in 2010 after the real estate advertising business spin off. Compared to 2008, stock-based compensation increased $3.9 million
and payroll-related expenses increased $2.1 million, while corporate branding spending and MVAS
promotions decreased $0.6 million in 2009. We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars in the near future.
Product development. Product development expenses consist primarily of payroll-related
expenses incurred for the enhancements to and maintenance of our websites as well as costs
associated with new product development and enhancements for products such as microblog, blog and
video podcasting. Compared to 2009, stock-based compensation decreased $2.3 million, partially
offset by an increase in payroll-related expenses of $2.2 million. Similar to sales and marketing,
the higher stock-based compensation in product development expenses for 2009 was related to the
private equity financed shares ($0.8 million) and accelerated vesting of certain employee
restricted share units. The higher payroll-related expenses resulted from new hires as well as pay
raises. Compared to 2008, payroll-related expenses increased $1.7 million and stock-based
compensation increased $2.1 million in 2009. We expect product development expenses to continue to
increase in absolute dollars in the near future.
General and administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of
payroll-related costs, stock-based compensation, professional service fees and provisions for
doubtful accounts. Our general and administrative expenses also include expenses relating to the
transfer of the economic benefits generated from our VIEs in the PRC to our subsidiaries. Compared
to 2009, stock-based compensation decreased $11.6 million and bad debt expense decreased $4.0
million. Similar to sales and marketing, the higher stock-based compensation in 2009 was related to
the private equity financed shares ($7.9 million impact) and accelerated vesting of certain
employee restricted share units. The lower bad debt expense was due to better collections,
resulting in a lower bad debt rate and reversal in bad debt allowance arising from the receipt of
payments previously written off. Compared to 2008, stock-based compensation increased $10.9
million, provision for allowance for doubtful accounts increased $1.8 million and payroll-related
expenses increased $0.6 million in 2009. These were partially offset by the reduction in expenses
relating to the transfer of the economic benefits generated from our VIEs in the PRC to our
subsidiaries of $5.8 million and professional fees of
$1.6 million. We expect general and administrative expenses to
increase in absolute dollars in the near future.
Amortization of intangible assets. Amortizable intangible assets include purchased
technology, database and software. In the fourth quarter of 2009, we launched a new UC Instant
Messaging platform that was completely organically developed to replace the previously acquired
platform. The use of the previously acquired technology UC Instant Messaging platform was
discontinued as of March 31, 2010. As such, we charged $2.4 million in amortization expenses in the
fourth quarter of 2009 and in the first quarter of 2010. Our real estate related database was
disposed as a result of the sale of our online real estate business to CRIC. See Note 4 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on intangible assets, including estimates
of amortization expenses for future periods.
59
Interest and other income, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income |
|
$ |
7,394 |
|
|
$ |
8,379 |
|
|
$ |
15,371 |
|
Other income |
|
|
1,410 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
2,899 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
8,804 |
|
|
$ |
8,371 |
|
|
$ |
18,270 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compared to 2009, our cash was placed in more liquid bank deposits, which had lower interest
yields. Compared to 2008, interest income decreased in 2009 as a result of a significant drop in interest
rates despite higher balances of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.
Other income consists primarily of net currency transaction gain or loss. We recorded a net
currency transaction gain (loss) of $1.3 million, ($0.1 million) and $3.3 million for 2010, 2009
and 2008, respectively. Net currency transaction gains were mainly a result of the Chinese RMB appreciating
against the U.S. dollar.
Earnings from equity investments, net
In October 2009, we spun off our online real estate advertising business and merged it with
CRIC. Beginning on October 1, 2009, we stopped consolidating the financial results of COHT and
instead account for our interest in CRIC using the equity method of accounting. Our earnings from
equity investment in CRIC, which is reported one quarter in arrears was $13.1 million for 2010.
Gain on sale of business and impairment in equity investment
The
following summarizes other non-operating income items:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
(In thousands, except percentages) |
|
CRIC |
|
$ |
(128,554 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
COHT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
376,564 |
|
|
|
3,137 |
|
Others |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,509 |
) |
|
|
(779 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(128,554 |
) |
|
$ |
375,055 |
|
|
$ |
2,358 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of total net revenues |
|
|
(32 |
)% |
|
|
105 |
% |
|
|
* |
|
In April 2008, we sold a 34% interest of our restructured online real estate advertising
business COHT to E-House and recorded a gain of $3.1 million from the step up of our sold interests
to fair value. Subsequently, in October 2009, we spun off COHT to merge it with CRIC and exchange
it for an approximately 33% interest in CRIC. In the fourth quarter of 2009, we recorded a one-time
gain of $376.6 million from this transaction. Our interest in the equity of CRIC was valued at
$572.0 million based on its initial public offering price of
$12.0 per American Depository Share. In 2010, based on an
other-than-temporary impairment assessment, we recorded a $128.6 million charge to write down our
equity investment in CRIC to its fair value. We determined the fair value of our investment in CRIC
as of December 31, 2010, based on a closing stock price of $9.60. See Note 3 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements for further information.
Income tax expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
(In thousands, except percentages) |
|
Current income tax provision |
|
$ |
9,142 |
|
|
$ |
7,093 |
|
|
$ |
14,098 |
|
Deferred income tax |
|
|
(706 |
) |
|
|
1,230 |
|
|
|
(56 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
8,436 |
|
|
$ |
8,323 |
|
|
$ |
14,042 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from China operations |
|
$ |
108,151 |
|
|
$ |
81,890 |
|
|
$ |
108,147 |
|
Effective tax rate for China operations |
|
|
8 |
% |
|
|
10 |
% |
|
|
13 |
% |
Based on our current operating structure and preferential tax treatments available to us in
China, the effective income tax rate for our China operations in 2010 was 8%, compared to 10% in
2009 and 13% in 2008. The lower effective tax rate for our PRC operations in 2010 as compared to
2009 was primarily due to additional tax holidays received from a newly established subsidiary
60
in Shanghai. The lower effective tax rate of our PRC operations for 2009 as compared to 2008
was primarily due to lower provision of repatriation tax for earnings in VIEs and an additional tax
holiday obtained by one of our subsidiaries.
Prior to January 1, 2008, our subsidiaries and VIEs were governed by the Previous IT Law.
Under the Previous IT Law, our subsidiaries and VIEs were generally subject to enterprise income
taxes at a statutory rate of 33% (30% state income tax plus 3% local income tax) or 15% for
qualified high and new technology enterprises. In addition to a preferential statutory rate, some
of our high and new technology subsidiaries were entitled to special tax holidays of three-year tax
exemption followed by three years at a 50% reduction in the tax rate, commencing the first
operating year.
Effective January 1, 2008, the EIT Law in China supersedes the Previous IT Law and unifies the
income tax rate for domestic enterprises and FIEs at 25%. The EIT Law provides a five-year
transitional period for certain entities that enjoyed a favorable income tax rate of less than 25%
and/or a preferential tax holiday under the Previous IT Law and were established before March 16,
2007, to gradually increase their rates to 25%. In addition, high and new technology enterprises
continue to enjoy a preferential tax rate of 15%. The EIT Law also provides grandfather treatment
for high and new technology enterprises that received special tax holidays under the Previous IT
Law to continue to enjoy their tax holidays until expiration provided that specific conditions are
met. As of December 2010, three of our subsidiaries were qualified as high and new technology
enterprises under the new EIT Law.
The EIT Law also provides
that an enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country
or region but whose de facto management body is located in the PRC be treated as a resident
enterprise for PRC tax purposes and consequently be subject to the PRC income tax at the rate of
25% for its global income. The Implementing Rules of the EIT Law merely defines the location of the
de facto management body as the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall
management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, properties,
etc., of a non-PRC company is located. Based on a review of surrounding facts and circumstances,
we do not believe that it is likely that our operation outside of the PRC should be considered a
resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, due to limited guidance and implementation
history of the EIT Law, should we be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes, we will
be subject to PRC tax on worldwide income at a uniform tax rate of 25% retroactive to January 1,
2008.
The EIT Law also imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by an FIE to
its immediate holding company outside of China, if such immediate holding company is considered as
a non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received
dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company
within China, unless such immediate holding companys jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax
treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. Such withholding income
tax was exempted under the Previous IT Law. The Cayman Islands, where the Company incorporated,
does not have such tax treaty with China. According to the arrangement between Mainland China and
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of
Fiscal Evasion in August 2006, dividends paid by a foreign-invested enterprise in China to its
direct holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5%
(if the foreign investor owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the FIE).
The State Administration of Taxation further promulgated a circular, or Circular 601, on October
27, 2009, which provides that tax treaty benefits will be denied to conduit or shell companies
without business substance and that a beneficial ownership analysis will be used based on a
substance-over-form principle to determine whether or not to grant the tax treaty benefits.
A majority of our
FIEs operations in China are invested and held by Hong Kong registered entities.
If we are regarded as a non-resident enterprise and our Hong Kong subsidiaries are regarded as
resident enterprises, then our Hong Kong subsidiaries may be required to pay a 10% withholding tax
on any dividends payable to us. If our Hong Kong entities are regarded as non-resident enterprises,
then our PRC subsidiaries may be required to pay a 5% withholding tax for any dividends payable to
our Hong Kong subsidiaries, however, it is still unclear at this stage whether Circular 601 applies
to dividends from our PRC subsidiaries paid to our Hong Kong subsidiaries and if our Hong Kong
subsidiaries were not considered as beneficial owners of any dividends from their PRC
subsidiaries, the dividends payable to our Hong Kong subsidiaries would be subject to withholding
tax at a rate of 10%.
In accordance
with accounting guidance, all undistributed earnings are presumed to be transferred to the parent
company and are subject to the withholding taxes. Based on the subsequently issued interpretation
of the new EIT, Article 4 of Cai Shui (2008) Circular No. 1, dividends on earnings prior to 2008
but distributed after 2008 are not subject to withholding income tax. The current policy approved
by our Board allows us to distribute PRC earnings offshore only if we do not have to pay a dividend
tax. Such policy may require us to reinvest all earnings made since 2008 onshore indefinitely or be
subject to a significant withholding tax should our policy change to allow for earnings
distribution offshore. As of December 31, 2010, the Company did not record any withholding tax on
the retained earnings of its FIEs in the PRC as the Company intends to reinvest its earnings to
further expand its business in China, and its FIEs do not intend to declare dividends on the
retained earnings made since 2008 to their immediate foreign holding companies.
The Companys VIEs are wholly owned by the Companys employees and controlled by the Company
through various contractual agreements. To the extent that these VIEs have undistributed earnings,
the Company will accrue appropriate expected tax associated with repatriation of such undistributed
earnings.
In December 2009, the State Administration of Tax in China issued a circular on strengthening
the management of proceeds from equity transfers by non-China tax resident enterprises and requires
foreign entities to report indirect sales of China tax resident enterprises. If the existence of
the overseas intermediary holding company is disregarded due to lack of reasonable business purpose
or substance, gains on such sale are subject to PRC withholding tax. The Company believes that
there was reasonable business purpose for the merger of COHT with CRIC, which was to realize the
business synergy created by the merger to form a real estate information services platform both
online and offline with diversified revenue streams, serving both real estate businesses and
consumers. The simultaneous initial public offering allowed the combined company to raise
additional capital to fund its future growth. Due to limited guidance and implementation history of
the circular, significant judgment is
61
required in the determination of a reasonable business purpose for an equity transfer by our
non-China tax resident entity by considering factors, including but not limited to, the form and
substance of the arrangement, time of establishment of the foreign entity, relationship between
each step of the arrangement, relationship between each component of the arrangement,
implementation of the arrangement and the changes in the financial position of all parties involved
in the transaction. Although the Company believes that it is more likely than not the said
transaction would be determined as one with a reasonable business purpose, should this not be the
case, the Company would be subject to a significant withholding tax that could materially and
adversely impact its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
For further information on our tax structures and inherent risks see If tax benefits
available to us in China are reduced or repealed, our results of operations could suffer
significantly and your investment in our shares may be adversely affected. under Risk Factors in
Part I Item 3.D. See also Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on
income taxes.
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31 |
|
|
2010 |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
|
(In thousands) |
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |
|
$ |
882,835 |
|
|
$ |
821,518 |
|
|
$ |
603,824 |
|
Working capital |
|
$ |
760,635 |
|
|
$ |
694,484 |
|
|
$ |
498,524 |
|
SINA shareholders equity |
|
$ |
1,239,308 |
|
|
$ |
1,221,727 |
|
|
$ |
620,505 |
|
We have funded our operations and capital expenditures primarily using the $97.5 million
raised through the sale of preference shares, the $68.8 million raised from the sale of ordinary
shares in the initial public offering , the $97.3 million raised from the sale of zero-coupon,
convertible, subordinated notes in July 2003 and the $180.0 million raised from the private equity
placement of SINA ordinary shares to New-Wave in November 2009, as well as cash generated from
operations and the exercise of stock options.
On July 7, 2003, we issued $100 million aggregate amount of zero-coupon, convertible,
subordinated notes (the Notes) due 2023 in a private offering, which resulted in net proceeds to
us of approximately $97.3 million. The Notes were issued at par and bear no interest. The Notes are
convertible into our ordinary shares, upon satisfaction of certain conditions, at an initial
conversion price of $25.79 per share, subject to adjustments for certain events. Upon conversion,
we have the right to deliver cash in lieu of ordinary shares, or a combination of cash and ordinary
shares. During 2007, one million dollars of the Notes were converted as SINA ordinary shares. We
may redeem for cash all or part of the Notes on or after July 15, 2012, at a price equal to 100% of
the principal amount of the Notes. The purchasers may require us to repurchase all or part of the
Notes for cash on July 15 annually from 2007 through 2013, and on July 15, 2018, and upon a change
of control, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes. We filed a Registration
Statement on Form S-3 for the resale of the Notes and the ordinary shares issuable upon conversion
of the Notes, which Registration Statement is no longer effective.
One of the conditions for conversion of the Notes to SINA ordinary shares is that the sale
price (defined as closing per share sales price) of SINA ordinary shares reaches a specified
threshold for a defined period of time. The specified thresholds are (i) during the period from
issuance to July 15, 2022, if the sale price of SINA ordinary shares, for each of any five
consecutive trading days in the immediately preceding quarter, exceeds 115% of the conversion price
per ordinary share, and (ii) during the period from July 15, 2022 to July 15, 2023, if the sale
price of SINA ordinary shares on the previous trading day is more than 115% of the conversion price
per ordinary share. The closing price of our ordinary shares on December 31, 2010, the last trading
day of 2010, was $68.82. For the quarter ended March 31, 2011, the sale price of SINA ordinary
shares exceeded 115% of the conversion price per ordinary share for five consecutive trading days.
The Notes are therefore convertible into SINA ordinary shares for the quarter ending June 30, 2011
in accordance with threshold (i) described above. Upon a purchasers election to convert the Notes
in the future periods, we have the right to deliver cash in lieu of ordinary shares, or a
combination of cash and ordinary shares.
In the fourth quarter of 2008, the Board authorized, but did not obligate, the Company to
repurchase up to $100 million of the Companys ordinary shares on an opportunistic basis. Stock
repurchases under this program may be made through open market purchases, in negotiated
transactions off the market, in block trades pursuant to a 10b5-1 plan, which would give a third
party independent discretion to make purchases of the Companys ordinary shares, or otherwise and
in such amounts as we deem appropriate. In 2009, we repurchased an aggregate of 2,454,956 shares in
the open market, at an average price of $20.37 for a total consideration of $50.0 million. The
repurchase program expired at the end of 2009.
In September 2009, we entered into a definitive agreement for a private equity placement of
SINAs ordinary shares with New-Wave. At the closing in November 2009, we received gross proceeds
of $180.0 million and New-Wave received 5,608,612 ordinary shares in SINA. We filed a Registration
Statement on Form F-3 for, among other things, the resale of the ordinary shares issued in the
private equity placement.
62
As of December 31, 2010, we had $882.8 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term
investments. Subsequent to December 31, 2010, we had issued 3.7 million new common shares to settle
conversion requests equivalent to $96.1 million in convertible bond and the liability corresponding
was extinguished. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments
balance is sufficient to fund our operating activities, capital expenditures and other obligations
for at least the next twelve months. However, we may decide to enhance our liquidity position or
increase our cash reserve for future acquisitions via additional capital and/or finance funding.
The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our shareholders.
The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in
operating covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be
available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
The following tables set forth the movements of our cash and cash equivalents for the periods
presented.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities |
|
$ |
116,595 |
|
|
$ |
98,086 |
|
|
$ |
114,000 |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
|
|
(235,910 |
) |
|
|
111,664 |
|
|
|
(23,960 |
) |
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
|
11,977 |
|
|
|
155,299 |
|
|
|
12,407 |
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
4,534 |
|
|
|
(1,946 |
) |
|
|
9,207 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(102,804 |
) |
|
|
363,103 |
|
|
|
111,654 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
|
|
746,423 |
|
|
|
383,320 |
|
|
|
271,666 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
|
$ |
643,619 |
|
|
$ |
746,423 |
|
|
$ |
383,320 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities for 2010 was $116.6 million. This was attributable
to our net loss of $19.3 million, adjusted by non-cash write-down of equity investment value of
$128.6 million, non-cash income from equity investment, net, of $12.6 million and non-cash expenses
including stock-based compensation of $13.4 million, depreciation of $13.6 million, allowance for
doubtful accounts of $1.2 million, amortization of intangible assets of $3.3 million, and a net
decrease in cash from working capital items of $10.8 million. The net decrease in working capital
items was mainly due to the increase in accrued liabilities, such as content fees, business taxes
payable, sales rebate, marketing expenses and accounts receivable, partially offset by the decrease
in deferred revenue. The increase in accounts receivable resulted from the increase in our
advertising sales while the decrease in deferred revenue reflecting the related amortization
recorded.
Net cash provided by operating activities for 2009 was $98.1 million. This was attributable to
our net income of $412.3 million, adjusted by non-cash related gains on sales of business and
equity investment, net, of $375.1 million and non-cash related expenses including stock-based
compensation of $33.4 million, depreciation of $15.3 million, allowance for doubtful accounts of
$5.3 million, amortization of intangible assets of $4.4 million, the realized foreign exchange
gains from liquidated subsidiaries of $2.0 million and a net increase in cash from working capital
items of $0.7 million. The net increase in working capital items was mainly due to the increase in
accrued liabilities, such as content fees, bandwidth costs, sales commissions, bonuses and
marketing expenses and deferred revenues, offset by the increase in accounts receivable, prepaid
expenses and other current assets.
Net cash provided by operating activities for 2008 was $114.0 million. This was attributable
to our net income of $81.2 million, adjusted by non-cash related expenses including depreciation of
$16.0 million, stock-based compensation of $14.3 million, allowance for doubtful accounts of $3.5
million, amortization of intangible assets of $1.6 million and a net increase in cash from working
capital items of $1.6 million, offset by the unrealized foreign exchange gains from liquidated
subsidiaries of $2.0 million and gains from the sale of business and equity investments of $2.4
million. The net increase in working capital items was mainly due to the increase in accrued
liabilities, such as content fees, bandwidth costs, sales commissions, bonuses and marketing
expenses, deferred revenues and income tax payable, partially offset by the increase in account
receivables that resulted from the significant increase in our advertising revenues.
Investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities for 2010 was $235.9 million. This was a result of the
purchase of short-term investments of $558.2 million, equipment purchases of $20.9 million, and
investments and prepayments on investments of $55.8 million, partially offset by the maturities of
short-term investments of $399.0 million.
Net cash provided by investing activities for 2009 was $111.7 million. Cash from the
maturities of short-term investments was $191.6 million. This was offset by the purchase of
short-term investments of $45.7 million, investments and prepayments on
63
investments of $17.1 million, sales of interest in subsidiary of $11.6 million, equipment
purchases of $4.9 million and cash paid for acquisition of intangible assets of $0.6 million.
Net cash used in investing activities for 2008 was $24.0 million. This was due to the purchase
of short-term investments of $154.0 million, equipment purchases of $18.8 million and purchase of
additional interest in a private company of $2.0 million, offset by the maturities of short-term
investments of $150.9 million.
Financing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities for 2010 was $12.0 million. Cash from the issuance
of ordinary shares relating to the exercise of share options was $12.5 million while payments of
other financing activities were $0.5 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities for 2009 was $155.3 million. Cash from the issuance
of ordinary shares was $205.1 million comprising $180.0 million from the private equity placement
of SINA ordinary shares to New-Wave and $25.4 million from the exercise of share options. Cash from
noncontrolling interest shareholders capital contribution was $0.8 million. These were offset by
the repurchase of ordinary shares pursuant to the repurchase program of $50.1 million and $0.5
million of payments for other financing activities.
Net cash provided by financing activities for 2008 was $12.4 million. Proceeds from the
exercise of share options was $10.5 million and capital contribution from E-House was $2.5 million
while payments for other financing activities were $0.6 million.
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
Not applicable.
D. Trend Information
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends,
uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the period from January 1, 2010 to December 31,
2010 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income,
profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that caused the disclosed financial information
to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the
payment obligations of any unconsolidated third parties. In addition, we have not entered into any
derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders equity, or that
are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any
retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as
credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. Moreover, we do not have any variable
interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit
support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
F. Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2010:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due by Period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less Than One |
|
|
One to |
|
|
Three to |
|
|
More Than |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
Year |
|
|
Three Years |
|
|
Five Years |
|
|
Five Years |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Operating leases obligation |
|
$ |
18,607 |
|
|
$ |
5,528 |
|
|
$ |
13,079 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Purchase commitments |
|
|
98,129 |
|
|
|
64,713 |
|
|
|
33,016 |
|
|
|
177 |
|
|
|
223 |
|
Other long-term liabilities |
|
|
2,266 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
528 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,738 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total contractual obligations |
|
$ |
119,002 |
|
|
$ |
70,241 |
|
|
$ |
46,623 |
|
|
$ |
177 |
|
|
$ |
1,961 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating lease obligations include the commitments under the lease agreements for our
office premises. We lease office facilities under non-cancelable operating leases with various
expiration dates through 2013. Rental expenses for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
were $8.4 million, $7.6 million and $6.5 million, respectively. Based on the current rental lease
agreements, future minimum rental payments required as of December 31, 2010 are $5.5 million,
$8.2million and $4.9 million for the years ending December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.
The majority of the commitments are from our office lease agreements in China.
Purchase commitments mainly include minimum commitments for Internet connection fees
associated with website production, content fees associated with website production and MVAS,
advertising serving services and marketing activities.
64
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
A. Directors and Senior Management
The following table provides information with respect to our executive officers and directors
as of March 31, 2011:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name |
|
Age |
|
Position |
Charles Chao
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer) |
Herman Yu
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
Hong Du
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
Chief Operating Officer |
Tong Chen
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
Executive Vice President & Chief Editor |
Yan Wang
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
Chairman of the Board |
Pehong Chen
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
Independent Director |
Lip-Bu Tan
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
Independent Director |
Ter Fung Tsao
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
Independent Director |
Yichen Zhang
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
Independent Director |
Song-Yi Zhang
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
Independent Director |
Charles Chao has served as a director and Chief Executive Officer since May 2006. Mr. Chao has
served as our President since September 2005 and as our Chief Financial Officer from February 2001
to May 2006. Mr. Chao served as our Co-Chief Operating Officer from July 2004 to September 2005.
Mr. Chao served as our Executive Vice President from April 2002 to June 2003. From September 1999
to January 2001, Mr. Chao served as our Vice President, Finance. Prior to joining us, Mr. Chao
served as an experienced audit manager at PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP, an accounting firm. Mr. Chao
is currently a director of Focus, an out-of-home media and advertising network company, NetDragon
Websoft Inc., a company providing technology for online gaming, CRIC and several private companies.
Mr. Chao holds a Master of Professional Accounting degree from University of Texas at Austin, an
M.A. in Journalism from University of Oklahoma and a B.A. in Journalism from Fudan University in
Shanghai, China.
Herman Yu has served as the Companys Chief Financial Officer since August 2007. Mr. Yu has
served as our Acting Chief Financial Officer from May 2006 to August 2007 and Vice President and
Corporate Controller from September 2004 to May 2006. Prior to joining SINA, Mr. Yu worked at Adobe
Systems, as the Corporate Marketing Controller from June 2001 to September 2004 and as the Chief
Auditor from January 1999 to May 2001. Mr. Yu also held various finance and accounting management
positions at Cadence Design Systems, Inc. and VeriFone, Inc. Mr. Yu began his career with Arthur
Andersen and is a California Certified Public Accountant. Mr. Yu is currently a director of
Qunar.com, a travel search company, Lashou.com, an online group buying company, and Mecox Lane. Mr.
Yu holds a Masters of Accountancy from the University of Southern California and a B.A. in
Economics from the University of California.
Hong Du has served as the Companys Chief Operating Officer since February 2008. Ms. Du joined
the Company in November 1999 and worked in the Business Development department until April 2004.
From May 2004 to January 2005, Ms. Du served as Deputy General Manager of 1Pai.com, a joint venture
between SINA and Yahoo! Ms. Du rejoined the Company in January 2005 and served as our General
Manager of Sales Strategy from January 2005 to March 2005, General Manager of Sales from April 2005
to August 2005, Vice President of Sales from September 2005 to February 2007, and Senior Vice
President of Sales and Marketing from February 2007 to February 2008. Ms. Du is currently a
director of CRIC. Ms. Du holds a B.S. in Applied Chemistry from Harbin Institute of Technology and
an M.S. in MIS from San Francisco State University.
Tong Chen has served as the Companys Executive Vice President and Chief Editor since February
2007. In 1997, Mr. Chen took part in the founding of SRSnet.com, a division of Beijing Stone Rich
Sight Information Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing SINA Information Technology Co.
Ltd.), one of our subsidiaries, and he formally joined the Company in March 1998. Mr. Chen served
as host of our SRSnet.com Sports Salon from April 1997 to August 1998, Chief Editor of our News
Center from September 1998 to June 1999, our Content Director from June 1999 to June 2000,
Executive Deputy General Manager of our China operations from June 2000 to May 2002, our Vice
President and Chief Editor from May 2002 to November 2003 and our Senior Vice President and Chief
Editor from November 2003 to February 2007. Mr. Chen holds an M.B.A. from China-Europe
International Business School, an M.A. in Journalism from Renmin University of China, an M.A. in
Communications from Beijing Institute of Technology and a B.S. in electronic engineering from
Beijing University of Technology.
Yan Wang has served as a director since May 2003 and is currently serving as our Chairman of
the Board. Mr. Wang served as our Vice Chairman of the Board from May 2006 to May 2008. Previously,
he served as our Chief Executive Officer from May
65
2003 to May 2006, our President from June 2001 to May 2003, our General Manager of China
Operations from September 1999 to May 2001 and as our Executive Deputy General Manager for
Production and Business Development in China from April 1999 to August 1999. In April 1996, Mr.
Wang founded the SRSnet.com division of Beijing Stone Rich Sight Limited (currently known as
Beijing SINA Information Technology Co. Ltd.), one of our subsidiaries. From April 1996 to April
1999, Mr. Wang served as the head of our SRS Internet Group. Mr. Wang holds a B.A. in Law from the
University of Paris.
Pehong Chen has served as a director since March 1999. Mr. Chen has been the Chief Executive
Officer, President and Chairman of the Board of Broadvision, Inc., a software applications company,
since May 1993. Prior to founding Broadvision, Mr. Chen was Vice President of Multimedia Technology
at Sybase, Inc., an enterprise software company, from 1992 to 1993. From 1989 to 1992, Mr. Chen
founded and was president of Gain Technology, a multimedia software tools company, which was
acquired by Sybase. Mr. Chen is currently a director of UFIDA Software Co., Ltd, a management
software company. He received a B.S. in Computer Science from National Taiwan University, an M.S.
in Computer Science from Indiana University and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of
California at Berkeley.
Lip-Bu Tan has served as a director since March 1999. Mr. Tan is the Founder and Chairman of
Walden International, an international venture capital firm founded in 1984. Mr. Tan is also
President and Chief Executive Officer of Cadence Design Systems, Inc., an EDA company. Mr. Tan is
currently a director of Flextronics International Ltd., an electronics manufacturing services
company, Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp., a foundry in China, Inphi Corporation, a
provider of high-speed analog semiconductor solutions, and several other private companies. He
holds an M.S. in Nuclear Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, an M.B.A. from
the University of San Francisco and a B.S. from Nanyang University, Singapore.
Ter Fung Tsao has served as a director since March 1999. Mr. Tsao has served as Chairman of
Standard Foods Corporation (formerly known as Standard Foods Taiwan Ltd.), a packaged food company,
since 1986. Before joining Standard Foods Taiwan Ltd., Mr. Tsao worked in several positions within
The Quaker Oats Company, a packaged food company, in the United States and Taiwan. Mr. Tsao
received a B.S. in Civil Engineering from Cheng Kung University in Taiwan, an M.S. in Sanitary
Engineering from Colorado State University, and a Ph.D. in Food and Chemical Engineering from
Colorado State University.
Yichen Zhang has served as a director since May 2002. Since 2003, Mr. Zhang has been the Chief
Executive Officer of CITIC Capital Holdings Limited (CCHL, formerly known as CITIC Capital
Markets Holdings Ltd.), a China-focused investment management and advisory firm. Prior to founding
CITIC Capital, Mr. Zhang was an Executive Director of CITIC Pacific and President of CITIC Pacific
Communications. He was previously a Managing Director at Merrill Lynch responsible for Debt Capital
Market activities for the Greater China region. Mr. Zhang began his career at Greenwich Capital
Markets in 1987 and became Bank of Tokyos Head of Proprietary Trading in New York in the early
1990s. Mr. Zhang returned to China in the mid 1990s and advised the Chinese Ministry of Finance and
other Chinese agencies on the development of the domestic government bond market. Mr. Zhang is a
graduate of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Song-Yi Zhang has served as a director since April 2004. Mr. Zhang currently serves as the
Chairman of Mandra Capital. In addition, he has been an Advisory Director of Morgan Stanley based
in Hong Kong since December 2000. From November 1997 to November 2000, Mr. Zhang was a Managing
Director of Morgan Stanley and served separately as a Managing Director in its Asia Mergers,
Acquisitions, Restructuring and Divestiture Group and Co-head of its Asia Utilities/ Infrastructure
Group. Mr. Zhang is currently a director of Hong Kong Energy, an alternative energy and software
development company, Lumena Resource Corp., a thenardite products producer, and China Longyuan
Power Group Corporation Limited, a wind power generation company. Mr. Zhang holds a J.D. degree
from Yale Law School.
There are no family relationships among any of the directors or executive officers of SINA
Corporation. Our Board of Directors has determined that the following directors, representing a
majority of our directors, are independent as defined under Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5605(a)(2):
Yan Wang, Pehong Chen, Lip-Bu Tan, Ter Fung Tsao, Yichen Zhang, and Song-Yi Zhang. We intend to
maintain a majority of independent directors on the Board.
66
B. Amounts of Compensation Paid and Benefits Granted
Compensation
In 2010, we paid an aggregate of approximately $1.2 million in cash compensation to our
executive officers and non-employee directors as a group. Each non-employee director receives an
annual cash retainer of $20,000, the Chair of the Audit Committee receives an additional annual
cash retainer of $5,000 and the Chair of the Compensation Committee receives an additional annual
cash retainer of $3,000. Currently, our employee directors are not entitled to any other cash
compensation in addition to their employment compensation for serving on the Companys Board of
Directors.
In 2010, we granted an aggregate of 36,000 restricted share units
subject to service-based vesting to non-employee directors. Each non-employee director is granted
6,000 restricted share units subject to service-based vesting as of each annual general meeting.
Our non-employee directors are not required to pay any consideration to the Company at the time of
grant of a restricted share unit. The restricted share units are settled upon the achievement by
our executive officers of the service-based vesting conditions prescribed by our Board of
Directors. Restricted share units that do not vest as prescribed will be forfeited.
In 2010, we granted at estimated fair value on grant date to our executive officers options of T.CN equivalent to approximately 5.7%
of the subsidiarys ordinary shares on a fully diluted basis.
These options vest over a four-year period and a term of seven years.
See Note 12 to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on stock-based
compensation.
Share Incentive Plans
Our Board of Directors and shareholders approved the issuance of up to 10,000,000 ordinary
shares pursuant to awards granted under the Amended and Restated 2007 Share Incentive Plan
(Amended and Restated 2007 Plan). The Amended and Restated 2007 Plan, which permits the granting
of share options, share appreciation rights, restricted share units and restricted shares, will
terminate on August 1, 2015, unless it is terminated earlier by our Board of Directors. The maximum
number of ordinary shares that may be granted subject to awards under the Amended and Restated 2007
Plan during any given fiscal year will be limited to 3% of the total outstanding shares of the
Company as of the end of the immediately preceding fiscal year, plus any shares remaining available
under the share pool for the immediately preceding fiscal year. Share options and share
appreciation rights must be granted with an exercise price of at least 100% of the fair market
value on the date of grant.
Upon its adoption on June 29, 2007, the Amended and Restated 2007 Plan replaced the Companys
1999 Stock Plan, 1999 Executive Stock Option Plan and 1999 Directors Stock Option Plan and, as a
result, no additional awards could be made under such plans. For a brief description of the
Companys 1999 Stock Plan, 1999 Executive Stock Option Plan and 1999 Directors Stock Option Plan,
see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
As
of May 25, 2011, options and restricted share units for 719,817 ordinary shares are
outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2007 Plan, and options to
purchase 466,979 ordinary
shares are outstanding under the Companys 1999 Stock Plan, and 1999 Directors Stock Option Plan.
67
The following table summarizes, as of May 25, 2011, the outstanding options and restricted
share units that the Company granted to our directors, executive officers and other optionees in
the aggregate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underlying |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding Options and |
|
Exercise Price |
|
|
|
|
Name |
|
Restricted Share Units |
|
(US$/Share) |
|
Grant Date |
|
Expiration Date |
Chao, Charles |
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
November 16, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
January 12, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
Yu, Herman |
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
November 16, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
January 12, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
Du Hong |
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
24.73 |
|
|
June 7, 2006 |
|
June 7, 2012 |
|
|
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
November 16, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
January 12, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
Chen Tong |
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
November 16, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
January 12, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
Chen, Pehong |
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
49.95 |
|
|
December 6, 2007 |
|
December 6, 2013 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
40.59 |
|
|
September 8, 2008 |
|
September 8, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
December 7, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
August 2, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
Tan, Lip-Bu |
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
33.68 |
|
|
September 26, 2003 |
|
September 26, 2013 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
36.40 |
|
|
June 28, 2004 |
|
June 28, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
26.37 |
|
|
September 27, 2005 |
|
September 27, 2015 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
49.95 |
|
|
December 6, 2007 |
|
December 6, 2013 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
40.59 |
|
|
September 8, 2008 |
|
September 8, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
December 7, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
August 2, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
Tsao, Ter Fung |
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
33.68 |
|
|
September 26, 2003 |
|
September 26, 2013 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
36.40 |
|
|
June 28, 2004 |
|
June 28, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
26.37 |
|
|
September 27, 2005 |
|
September 27, 2015 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
24.39 |
|
|
June 23, 2006 |
|
June 23, 2016 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
49.95 |
|
|
December 6, 2007 |
|
December 6, 2013 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
40.59 |
|
|
September 8, 2008 |
|
September 8, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
December 7, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
August 2, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
Zhang, Song-Yi |
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
30.35 |
|
|
April 28, 2004 |
|
April 28, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
26.37 |
|
|
September 27, 2005 |
|
September 27, 2015 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
24.39 |
|
|
June 23, 2006 |
|
June 23, 2016 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
49.95 |
|
|
December 6, 2007 |
|
December 6, 2013 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
40.59 |
|
|
September 8, 2008 |
|
September 8, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
December 7, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
August 2, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
Zhang, Yi-Chen |
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
49.95 |
|
|
December 6, 2007 |
|
December 6, 2013 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
40.59 |
|
|
September 8, 2008 |
|
September 8, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
December 7, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
August 2, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
Wang, Yan |
|
|
* |
|
|
$ |
24.23 |
|
|
July 27, 2004 |
|
July 27, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
December 7, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
August 2, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
Other employees |
|
|
646,050 |
|
From $1.50 to $33.29 |
|
|
From May 8, 2002 to |
|
From May 8, 2012 to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 20, 2008 |
|
September 7, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
* |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
From March 30, 2009 to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
October 21, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
1,186,796 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Less than one percent of the outstanding ordinary shares. |
|
(1) |
|
Restricted share units. |
The options granted to our executive officers generally have a term of 6 years, but are
subject to earlier termination in connection with termination of continuous service to the Company.
Generally, optionees may pay the exercise price via a cashless exercise procedure. Except for the
options granted to Charles Chao, options granted to our executive officers vest over a four-year
vesting period with 12.5% of the shares covered by the options vesting on the 6-month anniversary
of the date of the grant and the remaining shares vesting ratably on a monthly basis over the
remaining vesting period of the options. The options granted to Charles Chao vest over a three-year
vesting period with 1/6th of the shares covered by the option vesting on the 6-month anniversary of
the date of the grant and the remaining shares vesting ratably on a monthly basis over the
remaining vesting period
of the options. The restricted share units subject to service-based vesting that were granted
to our executive officers and non-employee directors generally vest over a three to four-year
period on a straight-line basis on each 6-month anniversary date.
Change in Control and Severance Agreements
Certain of our executive officers are entitled to receive cash payments and other benefits
upon the occurrence of termination of employment or a change in control of the Company when certain
conditions are satisfied. See Board Practices Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in
Control below.
C. Board Practices
Terms of Directors and Executive Officers
Our Amended and Restated Articles of Association currently authorize a Board of not less than
two directors and the classification of the Board into three classes serving staggered terms. At
each annual general meeting, the terms of one class of directors will expire. The directors whose
terms expire each year will be those who have been in office the longest since their last election.
A director whose term is expiring will remain in office until the close of the meeting at which his
or her term expires, and will be eligible for re-election at that meeting. Our Amended and Restated
Articles of Association also provide that any newly appointed director shall hold office only until
the next annual general meeting at which time such director shall be eligible for re-election by
the shareholders.
68
We currently have seven members of the Board of Directors. All members of the Board, except
for the CEO, serve a three-year term. The Board has designated our CEO as the managing director of
the Company and, as such, has a permanent seat on the Board in accordance with our Amended and
Restated Articles of Association. Assuming that the size of our board remains between 7 and 9
members, the Class I directors whose term will expire at our 2012 annual general meeting are Yan
Wang and Song-Yi Zhang, the Class II directors whose terms will expire at our 2013 annual general
meeting are Ter Fung Tsao and Yichen Zhang and the Class III directors whose terms will expire at
our 2011 annual general meeting are Pehong Chen and Lip-Bu Tan. For the period during which each
director has served on the Board, please refer to Item 6.A. Directors and Senior Management.
Our officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Our
Employment Agreement with our CEO, Charles Chao, dated July 31, 2009, has a term of three years and
may be extended for an additional one-year period after the end of the original term. Our
Employment Agreements with each of our other officers, Herman Yu, CFO, and Hong Du, COO, and Tong
Chen, Executive Vice President & Chief Editor, all dated November 16, 2010, have a term of three
years and may be extended for an additional one-year period after the end of the original term. For
the period during which each officer has served in office, please refer to Item 6.A. Directors and
Senior Management.
Board Committees
Our Audit Committee consists of Lip-Bu Tan, Ter Fung Tsao and Song-Yi Zhang. All members of
the Audit Committee are independent directors under the standards set forth in Nasdaq Marketplace
Rules 5605(c)(2)(A)(i) and (ii) and each of them is able to read and understand fundamental
financial statements. In addition, the Board has determined that Lip-Bu Tan qualifies as an audit
committee financial expert as defined in the instructions to Item 16A of the Form 20-F and has
designated Lip-Bu Tan to serve as the audit committee financial expert for the Company. Lip-Bu Tan
is independent under the standards set forth in Nasdaq Marketplace Rules 5605(c)(2)(A)(i) and
(ii). Our Audit Committee is responsible for, among other things:
Independent accountant
1. Appoint the independent accountant for ratification by the stockholders and approve the
compensation of and oversee the independent accountant.
2. Confirm that the proposed audit engagement team for the independent accountant complies
with the applicable auditor rotation rules.
3. Ensure the receipt of, and review, a written statement from the Companys independent
accountant
regarding the independent accountants independence in accordance with applicable requirements of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding the independent accountants
communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence.
4. Review with the Companys independent accountant any disclosed relationship or service that
may impact the objectivity and independence of the accountant.
5. Pre-approve all audit services and permitted non-audit services to be provided by the
independent accountant as required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
Exchange Act).
6. Review the plan for and the scope of the audit and related services at least annually.
Financial Reporting
7. Review and discuss with finance management the Companys earnings press releases as well as
earnings guidance provided to analysts.
8. Review the annual reports of the Company with finance management and the independent
accountant prior to filing of the reports with the SEC.
9. Review with finance management and the independent accountant at the completion of the
annual audit:
a. The Companys annual financial statements and related footnotes;
b. The independent accountants audit of the financial statements;
c. Any significant changes required in the independent accountants audit plan;
69
d. Any serious difficulties or disputes with management encountered by the independent
accountant during the course of the audit; and
e. Other matters related to the conduct of the audit which are to be communicated to the
Committee under generally accepted auditing standards.
Related Party and Relationship Disclosure
10. Ensure the receipt of, and review, a report from the independent accountant required by
Section 10A of the Exchange Act.
11. Oversee the Companys compliance with SEC requirements for disclosure of accountants
services and Audit Committee members and activities.
12. Review and approve all related party transactions other than compensation transactions.
Critical Accounting Policies & Principles and Key Transactions
13. Review with finance management and the independent accountant at least annually the
Companys application of critical accounting policies and its consistency from period to period,
and the compatibility of these accounting policies with generally accepted accounting principles,
and (where appropriate) the Companys provisions for future occurrences which may have a material
impact on the financial statements of the Company.
14. Oversee the Companys finance function, which may include the adoption from time to time
of a policy with regard to the investment of the Companys assets.
15. Periodically discuss with the independent accountant, without Management being present,
(i) their judgments about the quality, appropriateness, and acceptability of the Companys
accounting principles and financial disclosure practices, as applied in its financial reporting,
and (ii) the completeness and accuracy of the Companys financial statements.
16. Review and discuss with finance management all material off-balance sheet transactions,
arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations) and other relationships of the Company
with unconsolidated entities or other persons, that may have a material current or future effect on
financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital
resources, capital reserves or significant components of revenues or expenses.
Internal Control and Related Matters
17. Oversee the adequacy of the Companys system of internal controls. Obtain from the
independent accountant management letters or summaries on such internal controls. Review any
related significant findings and recommendations of the independent accountant together with
managements responses thereto.
18. Oversee the Companys Anti-Fraud and Whistleblower Program.
19. Perform annual self-assessment on Audit Committee effectiveness.
In addition to the above responsibilities, the Audit Committee shall undertake such other
duties as the Board delegates to it or that are required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.
Finally, the Audit Committee shall ensure that the Companys independent accountant understand
both (i) their ultimate accountability to the Board and the Audit Committee, as representatives of
the Companys stockholders and (ii) the Boards and the Audit Committees ultimate authority and
responsibility to select, evaluate and, where appropriate, replace the Companys independent
accountant (or to nominate the outside accountant to be proposed for stockholder approval in any
proxy statement).
Our Compensation Committee consists of Mr. Pehong Chen and Mr. Lip-Bu Tan. The members of the
Compensation Committee are non-employee directors. Our Compensation Committee is responsible for
establishing and monitoring the general compensation policies and compensation plans of the
Company, as well as the specific compensation levels for executive officers. It also administers
the granting of equity awards to executive officers under the Companys share incentive plans.
70
Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control
We have entered into contracts with our executive officers (with Mr. Charles Chao, our Chief
Executive Officer, also being a director of the Company), which provide for potential payments upon
termination or change in control.
Terms of Potential Payments Termination
We have entered into an employment agreement with our executive officers providing, among
other things, that in the event that employment of such executive officer is terminated without
cause or if a constructive termination occurs (either event, an Involuntary Termination), such
executive officer shall be entitled to receive payment of severance benefits equal to his or her
regular monthly salary for twelve months (or in the case of Mr. Chao, (i) eighteen months if the
remaining term of his employment agreement (the Remaining Term) is more than or equal to eighteen
months, (ii) the Remaining Term if the Remaining Term is less than eighteen months but more than
twelve months, or (iii) twelve months if the Remaining Term is equal to or less than 12 months (the
Severance Period)), provided that the executive officer executes a release agreement at the time
of such termination. An amount equal to six months of such severance benefits shall be paid on the
six-month anniversary of the termination date, and the remaining severance benefits shall be paid
ratably over the following six-month period (or in the case of Mr. Chao, over the remaining
Severance Period) in accordance with the Companys standard payroll schedule. Additionally, upon an
Involuntary Termination, such executive officer will be entitled to receive any bonus earned as of
the date of such termination, which amount shall be paid on the six-month anniversary of such
executive officers termination date. The Company will also reimburse such executive officer over
the twelve months following termination (or in the case of Mr. Chao, over the Severance Period) for
health insurance benefits with the same coverage provided to such executive officer prior to his or
her termination, provided that reimbursement for the first six months shall be paid on the
six-month anniversary of such executive officers termination date and reimbursement for any
remaining health insurance benefits shall be paid on the first day of each month during which such
executive officer receives such health insurance benefits. Any unvested share options or shares of
restricted stock held by such executive officer as of the date of his or her Involuntary
Termination will vest as to that number of shares that such executive officer would have vested
over the twelve-month period following his or her termination (or in the case of Mr. Chao, during
the Severance Period) if he or she had continued employment with the Company through such period,
and such executive officer shall be entitled to exercise any such share options through the date
that is the later of (x) the 15th day of the third month following the date the share options would
otherwise expire, or (y) the end of the calendar year in which the share options would otherwise
expire. Such executive officer is not eligible for any severance benefits if his employment is
terminated voluntarily or if he or she is terminated for cause.
In the event that an executive officer voluntarily elects to terminate his or her employment,
he or she will receive payment(s) for all salary and unpaid vacation accrued as of the date of his
termination of employment and his or her benefits will be continued in accordance with our
then-existing benefits plans and policies in effect on the date of termination and in accordance
with applicable law. In the event that an executive officers employment is terminated for cause,
then he or she shall not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits, but he will
receive payment(s) for all salary and unpaid vacation accrued as of the date of such termination
and his or her benefits will be continued in accordance with our then-existing benefits plans and
policies in effect on the date of termination and in accordance with applicable law.
In the event that an executive officers employment with the Company terminates as a result of
his or her death or disability, such executive officers estate or representative will receive the
amount of such executive officers target bonus for the fiscal year in which the death or
disability occurs to the extent that the bonus has been earned as of the date of such death or
disability, as determined by the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee based on the
specific corporate and individual performance targets established for such fiscal year.
Terms of Potential Payments Change in Control
In addition to the employment agreements described above, the Company has also entered into a
change in control agreement with its executives. Under the change in control agreements, in
general, a change in control shall be deemed to occur if (i) any person or entity acquires fifty
percent or more of the combined voting power of the Companys outstanding securities, (ii) during
any period of two consecutive years there is an unwelcome change in a majority of the members of
our Board of Directors, (iii) we merge or consolidate with another organization (other than a
merger where our shareholders continue to own more than fifty percent of the combined voting power
and with the power to elect at least a majority of the Board of Directors), (iv) our shareholders
approve a complete liquidation or an agreement for the sale or disposition of all or substantially
all of the Companys assets or (v) there occurs any other event of a nature that would be required
to be reported in response to Item 6(e) of Schedule 14A of Regulation 14A promulgated under the
Exchange Act.
The change in control agreement provides for certain benefits in the event of a change in
control as well as in the event of an involuntary termination after a change in control. Upon a
change in control in which the successor corporation does not assume
71
outstanding options, all such options shall become fully vested and exercisable. In addition,
if an executive officers employment with the Company terminates without cause or if he or she
resigns for good reason (as such terms are defined in the change in control agreements) within 24
months following a change in control, such executive officer will receive a pro-rata amount of the
full value of any targeted annual bonus for the year in which he or she terminates, the greater of
100% of his or her annual base salary and 100% of his or her targeted annual bonus for the year in
which he or she terminates, reimbursement in full of the applicable insurance premiums for him or
her and his or her eligible dependents for the first eighteen months that he or she and his or her
dependents are eligible for health insurance coverage if a continuance of health insurance benefits
are elected, continued D&O insurance coverage for six years after his or her termination, an
acceleration of all stock awards that are unvested as of his or her termination date and a tax
gross up for any excise tax imposed by Internal Revenue Code Section 4999. If the termination is
by reason of death or disability within 24 months following a change in control, such executive
officer will be entitled to continued payment of his or her full base salary at the rate then in
effect on the date of termination for a period of one year from the date of termination. The
change in control agreement also provides for a payment of an amount equal to the full value of the
excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code should the executive officer be
subject to the excise tax on golden parachute payments under the Internal Revenue Code.
Except as set forth in Item 6.B. Amounts of Compensation Paid and Benefits Granted, we have no
service contracts with any of our directors that provide benefits to them upon termination.
D. Employees
As of December 31, 2010, we had approximately 3,600 full-time employees, approximately 3,500
of whom are employed in the PRC with the remaining employed in the United States, Hong Kong and
Taiwan. From time to time we employ independent contractors to support our production, engineering,
marketing and sales departments. The number of independent contractors employed during 2010 was not
significant. Our Chinese employees are members of a labor association that represents employees
with respect to labor disputes and other employee matters. To date, we have not experienced a work
stoppage or a labor dispute that has interfered with our operations.
E. Share Ownership
The following table sets forth certain information that has been provided to the Company with
respect to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of May 25, 2011 by:
|
|
|
each shareholder known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of the ordinary shares; |
|
|
|
each of our executive officers listed in Directors and Senior Management above; and |
|
|
|
all of our current directors and executive officers as a group. |
Percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 65,866,693 ordinary shares outstanding as of
May 25, 2011 together with options that are exercisable within 60 days from May 25, 2011 and
shares issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days from May 25, 2011 for each
shareholder. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of Shares |
|
Percent of |
Name and Address of Beneficial Owners |
|
Beneficially Owned |
|
Shares Beneficially Owned(1) |
Major Shareholders |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New-Wave
Investment Holding Company(2) |
|
|
5,608,612 |
|
|
|
8.52 |
% |
Orbis
Investment Management Limited(3)
Orbis House, 25 Front Street, Hamilton HM 11,
Bermuda |
|
|
3,603,876 |
|
|
|
5.47 |
% |
FMR LLC(4)
82 Devonshire Street
Boston, Massachusetts, 02109 |
|
|
6,085,792 |
|
|
|
9.24 |
% |
T. Rowe
Price Associates, INC.(5)
100 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 |
|
|
4,859,023 |
|
|
|
7.38 |
% |
JAT Capital
Management, L.P.(6)
601 Lexington Avenue,
51st Floor, New York,
NY 10022 |
|
|
3,384,385 |
|
|
|
5.14 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directors and Executive Officers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lip-Bu Tan(7)
c/o Walden International
One California Street, 28th Floor
San Francisco, CA 94111 |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Ter Fung
Tsao(8)
c/o Standard Foods Corporation,
5th Floor, No. 136 Jen Ai Road,
Section 3
Taipei 10657, Taiwan |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Pehong Chen(9)
1600 Seaport Blvd,
Suite 120
Redwood City, CA 94063 |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Yan Wang(10) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Yichen Zhang
(11)
CITIC 26/F CITIC Tower
1 Tim Mei Avenue, Central Hong Kong |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Song-Yi
Zhang (12)
10/F, Fung House,
19-20 Connaught Road, Central Hong Kong |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Charles
Chao(13) |
|
|
5,702,989 |
|
|
|
8.66 |
% |
Herman Yu(14) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Hong Du(15) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Tong Chen(16) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
All directors and executive officers as a group
(11 persons)(17) |
|
|
6,051,921 |
|
|
|
9.14 |
% |
72
|
|
|
* |
|
Less than one percent of the outstanding ordinary shares. |
|
(1) |
|
For each named person, the percentage ownership includes ordinary shares which the person has the right
to acquire within 60 days after May 25, 2011. However, such shares shall not be deemed outstanding with
respect to the calculation of ownership percentage for any other person. Beneficial ownership
calculations for 5% shareholders are based solely on publicly-filed Schedule 13Ds or 13Gs, which 5%
shareholders are required to file with the SEC. |
|
(2) |
|
A British Virgin Islands company established and controlled
by Charles Chao, the Companys Chief Executive Officer, and other members of the
Companys management. Investors in New-Wave include certain key managers and employees of the Company and several private equity funds.
The key managers and employees of the Company who have invested in
New-Wave cannot effect a distribution of the Companys ordinary shares
underlying their shareholding interest in New-Wave unless the holders
of more than 50% of New-Waves ordinary shares have requested such a distribution
and certain other conditions have been satisfied.
|
|
(3) |
|
Beneficial ownership calculation is based solely on a review of a Schedule 13G/A filing made with the SEC
on February 15, 2011. |
|
(4) |
|
Beneficial ownership calculation is based solely on a review of a Schedule 13G filing made with the SEC
on February 14, 2011. |
|
(5) |
|
Beneficial ownership calculation is based solely on a review of a Schedule 13G filing made with the SEC
on February 14, 2011. |
|
(6) |
|
Beneficial ownership calculation is based solely on a review
of a Schedule 13G filing made with the SEC
on May 23, 2011. JAT Capital Management serves as the investment manager to the JAT Capital Master Fund, Ltd.
Mr. John Thaler serves as the managing member of JAT Capital
Management, L.P. and the portfolio manager of the JAP Capital Master
Fund, Ltd. In such capacities, JAP Capital Management and Mr. Thaler
may be deemed to have voting and dispositive power over the shares
held for the JAT Capital Master Fund, Ltd.
|
|
(7) |
|
Includes 3,000 shares held by a trust for which Mr. Tan
and his wife serve as trustees and 65,500 shares
issuable upon exercise of options exercisable within 60 days from May 25, 2011 and nil share
issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days from May 25, 2011. |
|
(8) |
|
Includes 10,000 shares held by Mr. Tsao and 77,500 shares issuable upon exercise of options exercisable
within 60 days from May 25, 2011 and nil share issuable upon vesting of restricted share units
within 60 days from May 25, 2011. |
|
(9) |
|
Includes 6,882 shares held by a trust controlled by
Mr. Chen and 20,500 shares issuable upon exercise of
options exercisable within 60 days from May 25, 2011 and nil share issuable upon vesting of
restricted share units within 60 days from May 25, 2011. |
|
(10) |
|
Includes 60,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options exercisable within 60 days from May 25, 2011
and nil share issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days from May 25, 2011. |
|
(11) |
|
Includes 20,500 shares issuable upon exercise of options exercisable within 60 days from May 25, 2011
and nil share issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days from May 25, 2011. |
|
(12) |
|
Includes 85,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options exercisable within 60 days from May 25, 2011
and nil share issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days from May 25, 2011. |
|
(13) |
|
Includes 5,608,612 shares owned by New-Wave Investment
Company and nil share issuable upon vesting of
restricted share units within 60 days from May 25, 2011. Mr. Chao is the sole director and executive
officer of New-Wave Investment Company. Mr. Chao may be deemed to have shared voting and investment power
over the shares held by New-Wave. Mr. Chao disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares, except to the
extent of his pecuniary interest therein. |
|
(14) |
|
Includes nil share issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days from May 25, 2011. |
|
(15) |
|
Includes 50 shares issuable upon exercise of options exercisable within 60 days from May 25, 2011 and
nil share issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days from May 25, 2011. |
|
(16) |
|
Includes nil share issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days from May 25, 2011. |
|
(17) |
|
Includes 5,608,612 shares owned by New-Wave Investment Company, which Charles Chao may be deemed to have
shared voting and investment power, 19,882 shares held by all directors and officers as a group and
329,050 shares issuable upon exercise of options within 60 days
from May 25, 2011 and nil share
issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days from May 25, 2011. |
73
Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed in the table is SINA
Corporation, 20/F Beijing Ideal International Plaza, No. 58 Northwest 4th Ring Road, Haidian
District, Beijing 100080, Peoples Republic of China, Attention: Corporate Secretary. The persons
named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ordinary shares shown
as beneficially owned by them, subject to community property laws where applicable.
For information regarding the options held by our directors and executive officers as well as
the arrangements involving the employees in the capital of the Company, see Item 6.B. Compensation
Share Incentive Plans.
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
A. Major Shareholders
For information regarding major shareholders, please refer to Item 6.E. Directors, Senior
Management and Employees Share Ownership.
Our major shareholders do not have voting rights that are different from other shareholders.
As
of May 25, 2011, approximately 65,866,693 ordinary shares, or 99.9% of our total
outstanding ordinary shares, were held by 50 record shareholders in the United States, including
approximately 99.9% held by Cede & Co. The number of beneficial owners of our ordinary shares in
the United States is likely to be much larger than the number of record holders of our ordinary
shares in the United States. We are not directly or indirectly controlled by another corporation,
any foreign government or any other natural or legal person. We are not aware of any arrangement
that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change in control of our company.
B. Related Party Transactions
Except for the transactions disclosed below in this Item 7B and Note 7 of our Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements, since the beginning of 2008, there has not been, nor is there
currently proposed, any transaction or series of similar transactions to which we were or are a
party in which any director, executive officer or beneficial holder of more than 10% of any class
of our voting securities or such persons immediate family members or controlled enterprises had or
will have a direct or indirect material interest other than as described below and elsewhere in
Part I hereof. It is our policy that future transactions between us and any of our directors,
executive officers or related parties will be subject to the review and approval of our Audit
Committee or other committee comprised of independent, disinterested directors.
Our Code of Ethics states that a conflict of interest may exist whenever a relationship of an
employee, officer or director, or one of their family members, is inconsistent with the Companys
best interests or could cause a conflict with job responsibilities. Under our Code of Ethics, if
our employees, officers and directors have any question regarding whether a conflict of interest
exists, they are required to consult with their immediate supervisor or the Compliance Officer of
the Company. If they become aware of a conflict or potential conflict, they are required to bring
it to the attention of their immediate supervisor or the Compliance Officer.
Our Insider Trading Policy applicable to all employees, officers and directors and their
family members prohibits trading based on material, non-public information regarding the Company or
disclosure of such information for trading in the Companys securities.
Potential criminal and civil liability and disciplinary actions for insider trading are set
forth in our Insider Trading Policy. Our Chief Financial Officer serves as the Companys Insider
Trading Compliance Officer for the implementation of our Insider Trading Policy. Our Insider
Trading Policy is delivered to all new employees and consultants upon the commencement of their
relationships with the Company and is circulated to all personnel at least annually.
Private Placement
In September 2009, the Company entered into a definitive agreement for a private equity
placement of its ordinary shares with New-Wave, a British Virgin Islands company
established and controlled by Charles Chao, the Companys Chief Executive Officer, and
other members of the Companys management. Investors in New-Wave include certain key
managers and employees of the Company, including without limitation, Charles Chao,
Herman Yu, Hong Du, Tong Chen and Yan Wang, and several private equity funds, including without limitation, funds managed by CITIC Capital,
whose Chief Executive Officer, Yichen Zhang, is a director of the Company. In November
2009, 5,608,612 ordinary shares were issued to New-Wave for the aggregate consideration
of $180 million. The key managers and employees who have invested in New-Wave cannot
effect a distribution of the Companys ordinary shares underlying their shareholding interest
in New-Wave unless the holders of more than 50% of New-Waves ordinary shares have
requested such a distribution and certain other conditions have been satisfied. The
shareholding interest in New-Wave of each of the key managers or employees, other than
Charles Chao, corresponds to a number of the Companys ordinary shares that, when
aggregated with all other ordinary shares of the Company beneficially owned by such key
managers or employees (including ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options and
vesting of restricted share units within 60 days from the date hereof), is less than one
percent of the Companys total issued and outstanding ordinary shares.
This transaction resulted
in a $10.7 million of stock-based compensation expense, which reflects mostly the appreciation in
fair value of the financed shares issued to management between the agreement date with New-Wave in
September 2009, when the price was set, and the closing of the private equity financing two months
later, which is determined as the measurement date for accounting purposes.
74
Commercial Contracts
One of the Companys subsidiaries is a party to an agreement with Broadvision Inc.
(Broadvision) whose Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Mr. Pehong Chen, is a
director of SINA. Under the agreement, Broadvision provides HR information management hosting
service, including software subscription, system upgrade and technical
support. For 2010, 2009 and 2008, the Company paid Broadvision
approximately $112,000, $114,000 and $72,000, respectively. There was
no payable outstanding as of December 31, 2010.
Control Agreements
PRC law currently limits foreign equity ownership of companies that provide certain Internet
and MVAS related businesses. To comply with these PRC regulations, we operate our websites and
provide certain online services in China through a series of contractual arrangements with our
VIEs, which are PRC domestic companies, and their shareholders. Such contractual arrangements are
as follows:
|
|
|
Our subsidiary STC agreed to provide Yan Wang, our former Chief Executive Officer and
current Chairman of the Board, an interest-free loan of RMB 300,000 for purposes of
providing capital to Beijing SINA Internet Information Services Co., Ltd. and RMB 300,000
for purposes of providing capital to Guangdong SINA Internet Information Service Co., Ltd.
The entire principal amount of each of these loans is currently outstanding. Each of these
loans was extended as replacement for loans previously extended to Mr. Wang by BSIT in the
same principal amounts disclosed above and on the same terms as described below, except
where noted, which loans were replaced by the STC loans due to the Company dissolving BSIT
in 2008. |
|
|
|
|
STC also agreed to provide Tong Chen, our Executive Vice President and Chief Editor,
interest-free loans totaling RMB300,000 for purposes of providing capital to Guangdong SINA
Internet Information Service Co., Ltd. In addition, STC has agreed to provide Tong Chen
interest-free loans totaling RMB 4,500,000 for purposes of providing capital to Beijing SINA
Internet Information Service Co., Ltd. and an interest-free loan of RMB 200,000 for purposes
of providing capital to Beijing SINA Infinity Advertising Co., Ltd. The entire principal
amount of each of these loans is currently outstanding. Each of these loans was extended as
replacement for loans previously extended to Mr. Chen by BSIT in the same principal amounts
disclosed above and on the same terms as described below, except where noted, which loans
were replaced by the STC loans due to the Company dissolving BSIT in 2008. |
|
|
|
|
STC agreed to provide Hong Du, our Chief Operating Officer, an interest-free loan of RMB
5,350,000 for purposes of providing capital to Beijing SINA Internet Information Service
Co., Ltd. The entire principal amount of the loan is currently outstanding. The loan was
extended as replacement for the loan previously extended to Ms. Du by BSIT in the same
principal amount as disclosed above and on the same terms as described below, except where
noted, which loans were replaced by the STC loans due to the Company dissolving BSIT in
2008. |
|
|
|
|
The aforementioned capital investments in the VIEs are funded by SINA and recorded as
interest-free loans to the PRC officers and employees. Such interest-free loans are extended
solely for subscription of the shares of the VIEs, and the transfer of ownership of the
shares in the VIEs, as directed by SINA, is the requisite form of repayment of such
interest-free loans. These are not personal loans. Under various contractual agreements,
employee shareholders of the VIEs are required to transfer their ownership in these entities
to our subsidiaries in China when permitted by PRC laws and regulations or to our designees
at any time, and all shareholders of the VIEs are obligated to waive their right of first
refusal or any other rights that are restrictive on such requested transfer. In addition,
our employee shareholders of the VIEs have pledged their shares in the VIEs (and all rights
relating thereto) as collateral for non-payment of (i) the interest-free loans and (ii) fees
on technical and other services due to us. Except as set forth above, employee shareholders
of the VIEs are not otherwise permitted to transfer, pledge or otherwise encumber their
ownership of VIEs without STCs written approval. All voting rights with respect to the
shares of the VIEs are assigned to us. We have the power to appoint all directors and senior
management personnel of the VIEs. Through our wholly-owned subsidiaries in China, we have
also entered into exclusive technical agreements and other service agreements with the VIEs,
under which these subsidiaries provide technical services and other services to the VIEs in
exchange for substantially all net income of the VIEs. In addition to the terms described
above which were also applicable to the BSIT loans, STC has entered into a letter agreement
with the PRC officers and employees that provides for (i) the cancellation of such officers
and employees obligations under the contractual agreements upon the transfer or acquisition
of shares held by such officers and employees and (ii) the indemnification of such officers
and employees for any liability incurred in the course of discharging such officers and
employees obligations under any of the contractual agreements. |
75
Employment and Compensation Agreements
We have entered into employment and compensation arrangements with our directors and executive
officers as described in Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees above.
Indemnification Agreements
We have entered into indemnification agreements with our officers Charles Chao and Herman Yu
and directors Yan Wang, Pehong Chen, Lip-Bu Tan, Ter Fung Tsao, Yichen Zhang, and Song-Yi Zhang
containing provisions which may require us, among other things, to indemnify our officers and
directors against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as
officers or directors, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of a culpable nature,
and to advance their expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they
could be indemnified.
Registration Rights Agreements
Some of our shareholders are entitled to have their shares registered by us for resale.
Transactions and Agreements with CRIC
On January 1, 2008, we started to reorganize our real estate and home furnishing channels and
online real estate advertising business into a separate unit with its own legal entities,
management team, advertising operations, systems and physical facilities. The reorganization was
completed on April 1, 2008 with the formation of a joint venture, COHT, between us and CRIC. We
contributed $2.5 million in cash, certain assets and liabilities and the rights to operate its real
estate and home furnishing channels for a period of ten years. The rights include the licenses
granted to COHT to use SINAs trademark, domain name, portal technologies and certain software.
CRIC contributed $2.5 million in cash and a ten-year license to use the database in the CRIC
system. We and CRIC beneficially owned 66% and 34% of COHT, respectively.
On July 23, 2009, we and CRIC entered into a share purchase agreement, as amended on September
29, 2009, pursuant to which CRIC acquired our 66% equity interest in COHT in exchange for CRIC
issuing its ordinary shares to us. We and CRIC also entered into a shareholders agreement and a
registration rights agreement on October 21, 2009. We and COHT entered into an amended and restated
advertising agency agreement, a domain name and content license agreement, a trademark license
agreement and a software license and support services agreement, which became effective immediately
upon the closing of CRICs acquisition of our equity interests in COHT. Immediately after CRICs
initial public offering in October 2009, COHT became a wholly-owned subsidiary of CRIC, while
E-House and we became CRICs two largest shareholders, holding 50.04% and 33.35%, respectively, of
CRICs total outstanding ordinary shares. During 2010, we acquired an additional 923,000 shares of
CRICs shares through open market and held approximately 34% of CRICs total outstanding ordinary shares as of December
31, 2010.
Under the new advertising agency agreement, COHT continues to operate our existing real estate
and home furnishing channels and develop a new real estate-related channel on sina.com.cn, and has
the exclusive right to sell advertising to real estate, home furnishing and construction materials
advertisers on our non-real estate channels, subject to certain limitations on the amount of
advertising that may be sold by COHT and fees payable by COHT to us based on the amount of
advertising sold. If COHT sells advertising on our non-real estate channels, it will pay us fees of
approximately 15% of the revenues generated from these sales. For the year ended December 31, 2010,
CRIC paid us a total amount of $6.8 million for online advertising agency fee. As of December 31,
2010, there were $2.0 million due from CRIC, representing online advertising agency fee payable to us.
Shareholders Agreement
Composition of the board. The shareholders agreement provides that CRICs board of directors
shall consist of a maximum of eleven members, of which two will be designated by E-House and two
will be designated by us. In the event that we or E-House no longer owns at least 20%, but still
owns at least 10%, of CRICs issued and outstanding ordinary shares, we or E-House, as the case may
be, will have the right to designate only one director to CRICs board of directors. In the event
that we or E-House no longer owns at least 10% of CRICs issued and outstanding ordinary shares, we
or E-House, as the case may be, shall have no right to nominate any director to the board. As long
as E-House owns at least 10% of CRICs issued and outstanding ordinary shares and holds more
ordinary shares than are held by us, E-House may, in its discretion, select an E-House director to
serve as the chairman of the board.
Restrictions on transfer. The shareholders agreement provides for certain restrictions on the
transfer of CRICs ordinary shares. For a 180-day lock up period commencing on the date of the
agreement, neither E-House nor we shall transfer or grant or allow to be encumbered any lien with
respect to any of CRICs ordinary shares held each party, except for a transfer to each partys
respective affiliates or with prior written consent by all other shareholders under the
shareholders agreement. Following
76
the lock up period, E-House or we may transfer CRICs ordinary shares pursuant to Rule 144 of
the Exchange Act or a firm commitment underwritten public offering registered under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), in addition to the two types of transfers permitted
in the lock up period. Other than these permitted transfers, E-House or we must give a right of
first offer to each other shareholder under the agreement prior to transferring CRICs ordinary
shares to third parties. However, neither party is allowed to, without the prior written consent of
the other party, transfer or grant or allow to be encumbered that number of CRICs ordinary shares
exceeding in aggregate 10% of CRICs share capital in a single transaction or series of
transactions to any person other than a financial investor, so long as the other party owns at
least 20% of CRICs issued and outstanding ordinary shares.
Registration Rights Agreement
CRIC entered into a registration rights agreement with us and E-House, pursuant to which CRIC
has granted E-House and us certain registration rights with respect to CRICs ordinary shares owned
by E-House and us.
Demand registration rights. Following the date that is 180 days after the date of this
agreement, both E-House and we have the right to demand that CRIC effect a registration covering
the offer and sale of CRICs ordinary shares held by E-House or us. E-House and we are each
entitled to an aggregate of three such registrations. CRIC, however, is not required to prepare and
file (1) more than one demand registration statements in any 12-month period, or (2) any demand
registration statement within 180 days following the date of effectiveness of any other
registration statement. If the demand registration relates to an underwritten public offering and
the managing underwriter advises in its reasonable opinion that the number of securities requested
to be included in the demand registration exceeds the largest number which reasonably can be sold
in such offering without having a material adverse effect on such offering, CRIC will include in
such demand registration, up to the maximum offering size, following the order of priority: (1) the
registrable securities that the requesting party proposes to register; (2) the registrable
securities that any non-requesting party proposes to register; and (3) any securities CRIC proposes
to register and any securities with respect to which any other security holder has requested
registration.
Piggyback registration rights. If CRIC proposes to file a registration statement for an
offering of its ordinary shares, other than in a transaction of the type referred to in Rule 145
under the Securities Act or to our employees pursuant to any employee benefit plan, then CRIC must
offer E-House and us an opportunity to include in the registration all or any part of E-Houses and
our registrable securities. If the piggyback registration relates to an underwritten public
offering and the managing underwriter advises in its reasonable opinion that the number of
securities requested to be included in the piggyback registration together with the securities
being registered by CRIC or any other security holder exceeds the largest number which reasonably
can be sold in such offering without having a material adverse effect on such offering, then (1) if
CRIC initiated the piggyback registration, CRIC will include in such registration the securities we
propose to register first, and allocate the remaining part of the maximum offering size to all
other selling security holders on a pro rata basis; (2) if any holder of our securities initiated
the piggyback registration, CRIC will include, up to the maximum offering size, first the
securities such initiating security holder proposes to register, then the securities of any other
selling security holders on a pro rata basis, and lastly the securities CRIC proposes to register.
Blackout periods. CRIC is entitled to two blackout periods, aggregating to no more than 120
days in any 12-month period, during which CRIC can defer the filing or effectiveness of a
registration statement, if in the good faith judgment of its board of directors, CRIC would be
required to disclose in the annual report information not otherwise then required by law to be
publicly disclosed, and there is a likelihood that such disclosure, or any other action to be taken
in connection with the annual report, would materially and adversely affect or interfere with any
significant financing, acquisition, merger, disposition of assets, corporate reorganization or
other material transaction of negotiations involving CRIC.
Expenses of registration. CRIC will pay all expenses relating to any demand or piggyback
registration, except that either E-House or we shall bear and pay all (1) brokerage commissions,
(2) commissions, fees, discounts, transfer taxes, stamp duties or expenses of any underwriter or
placement agent applicable to registrable securities offered for its account, (3) fees and expenses
of its counsel or other advisers, and (4) other out-of-pocket expenses.
77
Amended and Restated Advertising Agency Agreement
Under the amended and restated advertising agency agreement, which became effective in October
2009 upon the completion of CRICs acquisition of our online real estate business, COHT continues
to operate SINAs existing real estate and home furnishing channels and will develop a new real
estate-related channel on sina.com.cn, and has the exclusive right to sell to real estate, home
furnishing and construction material advertisers on these three channels as well as SINAs other
websites. If COHT sells advertising on SINAs websites other than these three channels, COHT is
entitled to receive approximately 85% of the revenues generated from these sales. In addition, COHT
authorizes SINA as its exclusive agent to sell non real estate advertising on its directly operated
website and channels. COHT is also entitled to receive 85% of the revenues generated from these
sales. The initial term of the amended and restated advertising agency agreement is ten years.
Domain Name and Content License Agreement
Under the domain name and content license agreement, which became effective upon CRICs
acquisition of our online real estate business, SINA grants to COHT an exclusive license to use its
three domain names, i.e., house.sina.com.cn, jiaju.sina.com.cn and construction.sina.com.cn, in
connection with COHTs real estate Internet operations in China. In addition, SINA also grants to
COHT an exclusive license to use all content whose copyrights are owned by SINA or owned by a third
party provider but is sub-licensable by SINA without requiring payment of any additional fees. For
other operating content, COHT is required to enter into an agreement with the owner independently
and is responsible for the costs associated with procuring the content. The licenses are for an
initial term of ten years and free of any additional fees.
Trademark License Agreement
Under the trademark license agreement, which became effective upon the completion of CRICs
acquisition of our online real estate business, SINA grants to COHT a non-exclusive license to use
three SINA trademarks and an exclusive license to use two SINA Leju trademarks in connection with
COHTs real estate Internet operations in China through website located at www.leju.com and the
channels located at house.sina.com.cn, jiaju.sina.com.cn and construction.sina.com.cn. The licenses
are for an initial term of ten years and free of any additional fees.
Software License and Support Services Agreement
Under the software license and support services agreement, which became effective upon the
completion of CRICs acquisition of our online real estate business, SINA grants to COHT a
non-exclusive license to use (i) SINAs proprietary software including those used for Internet
content publishing, advertising publishing, sales management, procurement reimbursement, financial
management , flow statistics and monitoring, (ii) current software products and interfaces
necessary to facilitate COHTs use of the current software products, (iii) the databases and
compilations, (iv) its improvement to the licensed software and (v) related documentation and
hardware, in connection with COHTs real estate Internet operations in China. SINA will also
provide to COHT infrastructure necessary to operate its websites and facilitate its use of the
licensed software. In addition, SINA will also provide COHT support services, including routine
maintenance, technical support and hardware support. The licenses are for an initial term of ten
years and free of any additional fees. However, to the extent that there are any reasonable,
incremental costs for use of the licensed software.
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
Item 8. Financial Information
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
We have appended consolidated financial statements at the end of this annual report filed as
part of this Annual Report on
Form 20-F.
Legal Proceedings
As of December 31, 2010, there were no legal or arbitration proceedings that have had in the
recent past, or to the Companys knowledge, may have, significant effects on the Companys
financial position or profitability.
78
Dividend Policy
We have not declared nor paid any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the past and have
no plans to do so in the foreseeable future.
B. Significant Changes
None.
Item 9. The Offer and Listing
A. Listing Details
Our ordinary shares have been quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (formerly the NASDAQ
National Market) system under the symbol SINA since April 13, 2000. The following table sets
forth the high and low trading prices of our ordinary shares for (1) each year of the five most
recent full financial years, (2) each of the four quarters of the two most recent full financial
years and the subsequent period and (3) each of the most recent six months:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trading Price |
|
|
High |
|
Low |
Annual Highs and Lows |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
$ |
30.36 |
|
|
$ |
20.23 |
|
2007 |
|
|
59.27 |
|
|
|
29.16 |
|
2008 |
|
|
58.60 |
|
|
|
21.49 |
|
2009 |
|
|
47.95 |
|
|
|
17.89 |
|
2010 |
|
|
76.36 |
|
|
|
32.00 |
|
Quarterly Highs and Lows |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter 2009 |
|
|
25.85 |
|
|
|
17.89 |
|
Second Quarter 2009 |
|
|
33.97 |
|
|
|
22.71 |
|
Third Quarter 2009 |
|
|
38.70 |
|
|
|
26.86 |
|
Fourth Quarter 2009 |
|
|
47.95 |
|
|
|
36.25 |
|
First Quarter 2010 |
|
|
47.25 |
|
|
|
35.26 |
|
Second Quarter 2010 |
|
|
40.58 |
|
|
|
32.00 |
|
Third Quarter 2010 |
|
|
53.05 |
|
|
|
34.26 |
|
Fourth Quarter 2010 |
|
|
76.36 |
|
|
|
48.50 |
|
First Quarter 2011 |
|
|
109.53 |
|
|
|
69.12 |
|
Monthly Highs and Lows |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
November 2010 |
|
|
65.55 |
|
|
|
54.64 |
|
December 2010 |
|
|
76.36 |
|
|
|
65.44 |
|
January 2011 |
|
|
90.05 |
|
|
|
69.12 |
|
February 2011 |
|
|
95.29 |
|
|
|
75.18 |
|
March 2011 |
|
|
109.53 |
|
|
|
74.22 |
|
April 2011 |
|
|
147.12 |
|
|
|
107.59 |
|
B. Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C. Markets
Our ordinary shares have been quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (formerly the NASDAQ
National Market) system under the symbol SINA since April 13, 2000.
D. Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
E. Dilution
Not applicable.
79
F. Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
Item 10. Additional Information
A. Share Capital
Not applicable.
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
We incorporate by reference into this Annual Report the description of our amended and
restated memorandum and articles of association contained in the Companys registration statement
on Form F-3, Registration No. 333-163990, filed on December 23, 2009.
C. Material Contracts
We have not entered into any material contracts for the two years immediately preceding the
date of this Annual Report other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those
described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
D. Exchange Controls
See Item 4. Information on the Company B. Business Overview Government Regulation and
Legal Uncertainties Classified Regulations Foreign Exchange. and Item 3. Key Information
Risk Factors Restrictions on paying dividends or making other payments to us bind our
subsidiaries and VIEs in China.
E. Taxation
The following summary of the material Cayman Islands and United States federal income tax
consequences of an investment in our ordinary shares is based upon laws and relevant
interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to
change. This summary does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in
our ordinary shares, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws.
Cayman Islands Taxation
According to Maples and Calder, our Cayman Islands counsel, the Cayman Islands currently
levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation
and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes
likely to be material to us levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties
which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or brought within, the jurisdiction of the
Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties. There are no exchange
control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
United States Federal Income Taxation
The following discussion describes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S.
Holders (defined below) under present law of an investment in the ordinary shares. This summary
applies only to investors that hold the ordinary shares as capital assets and that have the U.S.
dollar as their functional currency. This discussion is based on the tax laws of the U.S. as in
effect on the date of this Form 20-F and on U.S. Treasury regulations in effect or, in some cases,
proposed, as of the date of this Form 20-F, as well as judicial and administrative interpretations
thereof available on or before such date. All of the foregoing authorities are subject to change,
which change could apply retroactively and could affect the tax consequences described below.
The following discussion does not deal with the tax consequences to any particular investor or
to persons in special tax situations such as:
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banks; |
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financial institutions; |
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insurance companies; |
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broker dealers;
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80
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traders that elect to mark to market; |
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tax-exempt entities; |
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persons liable for alternative minimum tax; |
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persons holding ordinary share as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion or integrated
transaction; |
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persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our voting shares; |
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persons holding ordinary shares through partnerships or other pass-through entities; or |
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persons who acquired ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee share
option or otherwise as consideration for services. |
U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors about the application of the U.S. federal
tax rules to their particular circumstances as well as the state and local and foreign tax
consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of ordinary shares.
The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders will apply
if you are the beneficial owner of ordinary shares and you are, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes,
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a citizen or individual resident of the U.S.; |
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a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax
purposes) organized under the laws of the U.S., any State or the District of Columbia; |
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an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its
source; or |
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a trust that (1) is subject to the supervision of a court within the U.S. and the control
of one or more U.S. persons or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.
Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on the Ordinary Shares
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, the gross amount of
all our distributions to you with respect to the ordinary shares
(including any PRC taxes withheld if we are considered a PRC resident
enterprise) will be included in your gross
income as dividend income on the date of receipt by you, but only to the extent that the
distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (computed under U.S.
federal income tax principles). The dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received
deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.
With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders (including individual U.S. Holders) for taxable
years beginning before January 1, 2013, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable capital
gains rate (qualified dividend income) provided that (1) the ordinary shares are readily tradable
on an established securities market in the U.S., (2) we are not a passive foreign investment
company (as discussed below) for either our taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the
preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. For this purpose, our
ordinary shares, which are listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, will be considered to be
readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S. You should consult your tax
advisor regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to our
ordinary shares.
Dividends will constitute foreign source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. If
the dividends are qualified dividend income (as discussed above), the amount of the dividend taken
into account for purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit limitation will be limited to the
gross amount of the dividend, multiplied by the reduced rate divided by the highest rate of tax
normally applicable to dividends. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated
separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, dividends distributed by
us with respect to ordinary shares generally will constitute passive category income but could,
in the case of certain U.S. Holders, constitute general category income.
To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings
and profits, it will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your ordinary
shares, and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds your tax basis, the excess will be
taxed as capital gain. We do not intend to calculate our earnings and profits for U.S. federal
income tax purposes. Therefore, a U.S. Holder should expect that a distribution will be reported as
a dividend.
81
Taxation of Disposition of Shares
You will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of
an ordinary share equal to the difference between the amount realized (in U.S. dollars) for the
ordinary share and your tax basis (in U.S. dollars) in the ordinary share. Subject to the passive
foreign investment company rules discussed below, the gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. If
you are a non-corporate U.S. Holder, including an individual U.S. Holder, who has held the ordinary
share for more than one year, you will be eligible for reduced tax rates under current law. The deductibility of
capital losses is subject to limitations. Any such gain or loss that you recognize generally will be treated
as U.S. source income or loss (in the case of losses, subject to certain limitations).
Accordingly, if we
are treated as a PRC resident enterprise and any PRC tax is imposed on gain from the disposition
of an ordinary share, you may not be able to use any foreign tax credits generated unless you
have other foreign source income for the applicable taxable year. If, however, we are treated
as a PRC resident enterprise and you are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United
States and China, you may be eligible to treat the gain as foreign source income.
Passive Foreign Investment Company
Based on the market value of our ordinary shares, the composition of our assets and income and
our operations, we believe that for our taxable year ended December 31, 2010, we were not a
passive foreign investment company (PFIC) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our PFIC status
for the current taxable year ending December 31, 2011 will not be determinable until its close,
and, accordingly, there is no guarantee that we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year (or
any future taxable year). A non-U.S. corporation is considered a PFIC for any taxable year if
either:
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at least 75% of its gross income is passive income (the income test), or |
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at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of
the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the
production of passive income (the asset test). |
We will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our
proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly,
more than 25% (by value) of the shares.
We must make a separate determination each year as to whether we are a PFIC. As a result, our
PFIC status may change from year to year. The total value of our assets for purposes of the asset
test generally will be calculated with reference to the market price of our ordinary shares.
Accordingly, fluctuations in the market price of the ordinary shares may result in our being a PFIC
for any year. If we are a PFIC for any year during which you hold ordinary shares, we will continue
to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which you hold ordinary shares. However, if
we cease to be a PFIC, provided that you have not made a mark-to-market election, as described
below, you may avoid some of the adverse effects of the PFIC regime by making a deemed sale
election with respect to the ordinary shares, as applicable.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold ordinary shares, you will be
subject to special tax rules with respect to any excess distribution that you receive and any
gain you realize from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of the ordinary shares,
unless you make a mark-to-market election as discussed below. Distributions you receive in a
taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the
shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the ordinary shares will be
treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax rules:
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the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for
the ordinary shares, |
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the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first
taxable year in which we became a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and |
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the amount allocated to each other taxable year will be subject to the highest tax rate
in effect for that taxable year and an interest charge generally applicable to underpayments
of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such taxable year. |
The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or excess
distribution cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not
losses) realized on the sale of the ordinary shares cannot be treated as capital, even if you hold
the ordinary shares as capital assets.
Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of marketable stock (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a
mark-to-market election for such stock of a PFIC to elect out of the tax treatment discussed in the
two preceding paragraphs. If you make a valid mark-to-market election for the ordinary shares, you
will include in income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of
the ordinary shares as of the close of your taxable year over your adjusted basis in such ordinary
shares. You are allowed a deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the ordinary
shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However, deductions are
allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the ordinary shares included in
your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market
election, as well as
82
gain on the actual sale or other disposition of the ordinary shares, are treated as ordinary
income. Ordinary loss treatment also applies to the deductible portion of any mark-to-market loss
on the ordinary shares, as well as to any loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the
ordinary shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market
gains previously included for such ordinary shares. Your basis in the ordinary shares will be
adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make such a mark-to-market election,
tax rules that apply to distributions by corporations which are not PFICs would apply to
distributions by us (except that the lower applicable capital gains rate would not apply).
The mark-to-market election is available only for marketable stock which is stock that is
traded in other than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter
(regularly traded) on a qualified exchange or other market, as defined in applicable Treasury
regulations. We expect that the ordinary shares will continue to be listed on the Nasdaq Global
Select Market, which is a qualified exchange for these purposes, and, consequently, assuming that
the ordinary shares are regularly traded, if you are a holder of ordinary shares, it is expected
that the mark-to-market election would be available to you were we to become a PFIC.
If we are a PFIC, you must file United States Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 for each tax
year in which you make a disposition of your ordinary shares, receive direct or indirect
distributions on your ordinary shares or make a mark-to-market or deemed sale election mentioned
above with respect to your ordinary shares. Legislation enacted on March 18, 2010 creates an
additional annual filing requirement for tax years beginning on or after the date of enactment for
U.S. persons who are shareholders of a PFIC. The legislation does not describe what information
will be required to be included in the additional annual filing, but rather grants the Secretary of
the U.S. Treasury authority to decide what information must be included in such annual filing.
If we are a PFIC for a given taxable year, then you should consult your tax advisor concerning
the tax consequences to you of such PFIC status, the availability and consequences of making a
mark-to-market election mentioned above and your annual filing requirements.
Medicare Tax
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, a United States person that is an
individual or estate, or a trust that does not fall into a special class of trusts that is exempt
from such tax, is subject to a 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) the United States persons net
investment income for the relevant taxable year and (2) the excess of the United States persons
modified adjusted gross income for the taxable year over a certain threshold (which in the case of
individuals will be between $125,000 and $250,000, depending on the individuals circumstances). A
United States persons net investment income will include its gross dividend income and its net
gains from the disposition of stock, unless such dividends or net gains are derived in the ordinary
course of the conduct of a trade or business (other than a trade or business that consists of
certain passive or trading activities). If you are a United States person that is an individual,
estate or trust, you are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the applicability of the
Medicare tax to your income and gains in respect of your investment in the ordinary shares.
Information with Respect to Foreign Financial Assets
Individuals who own specified foreign financial assets with an aggregate value in excess of
$50,000 in taxable years beginning after March 18, 2010 will be required to file an information
report with respect to such assets with their tax returns. Specified foreign financial assets
include any financial accounts maintained by foreign financial institutions, as well as any of the
following, but only if they are not held in accounts maintained by financial institutions: (i)
stocks and securities issued by non-U.S. persons, (ii) financial instruments and contracts held for
investment that have non-U.S. issuers or counterparties and (iii) interests in foreign entities.
U.S. Holders that are individuals are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application
of this reporting requirement to their ownership of ordinary shares.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Dividend payments with respect to ordinary shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange or
redemption of ordinary shares may be subject to information reporting to the Internal Revenue
Service and possible U.S. backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Backup withholding will not
apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes
any other required certification or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders
who are required to establish their exempt status must provide such certification on Internal
Revenue Service Form W-9. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application
of the U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be
credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, and you may obtain a refund of any excess
amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with
the Internal Revenue Service and furnishing any required information.
83
F. Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
G. Statement by Experts
Not applicable.
H. Documents on Display
Our corporate Internet address is http://corp.sina.com.cn. We make available free of charge
on or through our website our annual reports, quarterly reports, current reports, and amendments to
those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as
reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.
We may from time to time provide important disclosures to investors by posting them in the investor
relations section of our website, as allowed by the SEC rules. Information contained on SINAs
website is not part of this report or any other report filed with the SEC. You may read and copy
any public reports we filed with the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E.,
Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by
calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet site http://www.sec.gov that
contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information that we filed
electronically.
I. Subsidiary Information
For a listing of our subsidiaries, see Item 4. Information on the Company C.
Organizational Structure. and Exhibit 8.1.
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate and Security Market Risk
Our investment policy limits our investments of excess cash to government or quasi-government
securities, high-quality corporate securities and bank-guaranteed products. We protect and preserve
our invested funds by limiting default, market and reinvestment risk.
We had approximately $597.0 million in cash and bank time deposits (with terms up to twelve
months) with large domestic banks in China. The remaining cash, cash equivalents and short-term
investments were held by financial institutions in Hong Kong, Taiwan and the United States.
Historically, deposits in Chinese banks are secure due to the state policy on protecting
depositors interests. However, China promulgated a new Bankruptcy Law that came into effect on
June 1, 2007, which contains a separate article expressly stating that the State Council may
promulgate implementation measures for the bankruptcy of Chinese banks based on the Bankruptcy Law.
Under the new Bankruptcy Law, a Chinese bank may go bankrupt. In addition, since Chinas concession
to WTO, foreign banks have been gradually permitted to operate in China and have become serious
competitors to Chinese banks in many aspects, especially since the opening of RMB business to
foreign banks in late 2006. Therefore, the risk of bankruptcy on Chinese banks in which we hold
cash and bank deposits has increased. In the event that a Chinese bank that holds our deposits goes
bankrupt, we are unlikely to claim our deposits back in full since we are unlikely to be classified
as a secured creditor to the bank under the PRC laws. For 2010, our interest income was $7.4
million and fluctuations of interest rates for Chinese RMB and U.S. dollars bank deposits can
impact our financial results.
Our $99 million, zero-coupon, convertible, subordinated notes due 2023 bear no interest and
are denominated in U.S. dollars. Therefore, there is no interest or foreign currency exchange risk
associated with the outstanding notes.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
The majority of our revenues derived and expenses and liabilities incurred are in Chinese RMB
with a relatively small amount in New Taiwan dollars, Hong Kong dollars and U.S. dollars. Thus, our
revenues and operating results may be impacted by exchange rate fluctuations in the currencies of
China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. See Currency fluctuations and restrictions on currency exchange may
adversely affect our business, including limiting our ability to convert Chinese RMB into foreign
currencies and, if RMB were to decline in value, reducing our revenues and profits in U.S. dollar
terms in the Risk Factors section. We have not reduced our exposure to exchange rate
fluctuations by using hedging transactions. While we may choose to do so in the future, the
availability and effectiveness of any hedging transactions may be limited and we may not be able to
successfully hedge our exchange rate risks. Accordingly, we may experience economic losses and
negative impacts on earnings and equity as a result of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. In 2010,
the foreign currency translation adjustments to our comprehensive income and net currency
transaction gain were $10.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Below is a sensitivity
84
analysis on the impact of a change in the value of the Chinese RMB against the U.S. dollar
assuming: (1) projected net income from operation in China equal to the year ended December 31,
2010, (2) projected net assets of the operation in China equal to the balances in Chinese RMB and
U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2010 and (3) currency fluctuation occurs proportionately over the
period:
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Translation |
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Change in the Value of |
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Adjustments to |
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Transaction Gain |
Chinese RMB Against the U.S. Dollar |
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Comprehensive Income |
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(Loss) |
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(In thousands) |
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(In thousands) |
Appreciate 2% |
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$ |
8,109 |
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$ |
(56 |
) |
Appreciate 5% |
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$ |
20,310 |
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|
$ |
(139 |
) |
Depreciate 2% |
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$ |
(8,089 |
) |
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$ |
56 |
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Depreciate 5% |
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$ |
(20,183 |
) |
|
$ |
139 |
|
Investment Risk
As of December 31, 2010, our equity investments totaled $508.1 million. We periodically
review our equity investments for impairment. If we conclude that any of these investments are
impaired, we determine whether such impairment is other-than-temporary. Factors we consider to
make such determination include the duration and severity of the impairment, the reason for the
decline in value, the potential recovery period, and our intent to sell, or whether it is more
likely than not that we will be required to sell, the investment before recovery. If any impairment
is considered other-than-temporary, we will write down the asset to its fair value and take a
corresponding charge to our Consolidated Statement of Operations. We are unable to control these
factors and an impairment charge recognized by us will unfavorably impact our results.
In 2010, we recognized an impairment charge of $128.6 million on investment in CRIC. Based on
a closing price of $9.60 on December 31, 2010, CRIC had a carrying value on our consolidated
balance sheets of $466.5 million, representing approximately 29% of our total assets. CRIC ADS
closed at $6.43 on May 25, 2011. We may be subjected to an investment loss if we had to or choose
to sell our investment in CRIC at a price lower than its carrying value. Our short-term investment
as of December 31, 2010 was $239.2 million, which is composed of bank time deposits.
Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
None.
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management,
including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the
design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule
13a-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 20-F. Based upon that
evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Companys
disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
85
Managements Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over
financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended). Our management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial
reporting based on criteria established in the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this
evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was
effective as of December 31, 2010.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent
or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of our
internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that controls
may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the
policies and procedures may deteriorate.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company, our independent registered public
accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as
of December 31, 2010, as stated in its report, which appears on
page F-2 of this Form 20-F.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules
13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during the year
ended December 31, 2010 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially
affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
The Board has determined that Lip-Bu Tan qualifies as an audit committee financial expert as
defined by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and has designated Lip-Bu Tan to
serve as the audit committee financial expert for the Company. Lip-Bu Tan is independent as such
term is used in Item 7(d)(3)(iv) of Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act.
Item 16B. Code of Ethics
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics which applies to the Companys directors, officers
and employees, including the Companys principal executive officer, principal financial officer and
principal accounting officer. We have posted the code on our corporate website at
www.corp.sina.com.cn.
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian
CPAs Limited Company (PwC) and its affiliates, our independent auditor and principal accountant
for the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2009:
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2010 |
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2009 |
Audit Fees |
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$ |
1,328,341 |
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$ |
1,324,731 |
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Tax Fees(1) |
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54,319 |
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26,288 |
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All Other Fees(2) |
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1,500 |
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1,500 |
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(1) |
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Tax fees consist of fees billed for professional services related to tax advice and
assistance with tax reporting. |
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(2) |
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All Other Fees consist of $1,500 subscription fee for accounting rules and materials. |
The Audit Committees policy is to approve all audit and audit-related services. Permissible
non-audit services are pre-approved according to fee amount threshold. Permissible non-audit
services may include tax services and other services. Pre-approval is generally provided for up to
one year and any pre-approval is detailed as to the particular service or category of services and
is generally subject to an initial estimated budget. PwC and management are required to
periodically report to the Audit Committee regarding the extent of services provided by PwC in
accordance with this pre-approval, and the fees performed to date. The Audit Committee may also
pre-approve particular services on a case-by-case basis.
Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Not applicable.
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
86
None.
Item 16F. Change in Registrants Certifying Accountant
There is no change in the Companys certifying accountant during the Companys two most recent
fiscal years or any subsequent interim period.
Item 16G. Corporate Governance
As a foreign private issuer (FPI) whose securities are listed the NASDAQ Global Market, we are
permitted to follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of the requirements
of the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules (the NASDAQ Rules) pursuant to NASDAQ Rule 5615, which provides
for such exemption to compliance with the NASDAQ Rule 5600 Series. We complied with during fiscal
year 2010 and currently comply with the NASDAQ Rules.
PART III
Item 17. Financial Statements
We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.
Item 18. Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements of SINA Corporation and its subsidiaries are included at
the end of this Annual Report.
Item 19. Exhibits
The agreements filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 20-F are included to provide
you with information regarding their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or
disclosure information about the Company or the other parties to the agreements. The agreements may
contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement, and such
representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the
applicable agreement. The representations and warranties (i) may not be categorical statements of
fact, but rather as a method of allocating the risk to one of the parties should such statements
prove to be inaccurate, (ii) have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other party
in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement, which disclosures are not
necessarily reflected in the agreement, (iii) may apply standards of materiality in a way that is
different from what may be viewed as material by investors, and (iv) were made only as of the date
of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement and
are subject to more recent developments. Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not
describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time. Additional
information about the Company may be found elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F and the
Companys other public filings, which are available without charge through the SECs website at
http://www.sec.gov.
87
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Exhibit |
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Number |
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Description |
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1.1
|
|
Amended and Restated Articles of Association of SINA Corporation (Filed as Exhibit 3.1
to the Companys Report of Foreign Issuer on Form 6K filed on December 23, 2009 and
incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
1.2
|
|
Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association of SINA.com (currently known as SINA
Corporation) (Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on
March 16, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
2.1
|
|
Form of Subordinated Note due July 15, 2023 (Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys
Report on Form 10-Q for the three month period ended June 30, 2003, and incorporated
herein by reference). |
|
|
|
2.2
|
|
Indenture, dated as of July 7, 2003, by and between the Company and the Bank of New York
(Filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Companys Report on Form 10-Q for the three month period
ended June 30, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 7, 2003, by and between the Company and
Credit Suisse First Boston LLC (Filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Companys Report on Form
10-Q for the three month period ended June 30, 2003, and incorporated herein by
reference). |
|
|
|
2.4
|
|
Rights Agreement dated as of February 22, 2005 between SINA Corporation and American
Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent (Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys
Report on Form 8-K filed on February 24, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
2.5
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to Rights Agreement dated as of November 18, 2009 between SINA
Corporation and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent (Filed as
Exhibit 4.2 to the Companys Report on Form 6-K filed on November 20, 2009, and
incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement between SINA.com and each of its officers and
directors (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1,
Registration No. 333-11718, filed on March 27, 2000, as amended, and incorporated herein
by reference). |
|
|
|
4.2
|
|
SRS International Ltd. 1997 Stock Option Plan and form of incentive stock option
agreement (Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1,
Registration No. 333-11718, filed on March 27, 2000, as amended, and incorporated herein
by reference). |
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
Sinanet.com 1997 Stock Plan and form of stock option agreement (Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to
the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1, Registration No. 333-11718, filed on
March 27, 2000, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.4
|
|
Amended SINA.com 1999 Stock Plan and form of share option agreement (Filed as Exhibit
10.4 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1, Registration No. 333-11718,
filed on March 27, 2000, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.5
|
|
Form of share option agreement under the amended SINA.com 1999 Stock Plan (Filed as
Exhibit 10.5 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2005 and
incorporated by reference herein). |
|
|
|
4.6
|
|
1999 Directors Stock Option Plan (Filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Companys Registration
Statement on Form F-1, Registration No. 333-11718, filed on March 27, 2000, as amended,
and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.7
|
|
Form of nonstatutory stock option agreement under the 1999 Directors Stock Option Plan
(Filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1, Registration
No. 333-11718, filed on March 27, 2000, as amended, and incorporated herein by
reference). |
|
|
|
4.8
|
|
SINA.com 1999 Executive Stock Plan (Filed as Exhibit 10.19 to the Companys Registration
Statement on Form F-1, Registration No. 333-11718, filed on March 27, 2000, as amended,
and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.9
|
|
Lease Agreement of Ideal International Plaza between the Registrants subsidiaries or
VIEs and Beijing Zhongwu Ideal Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. for the office located
in Ideal International Plaza, 58 North 4th Ring Road West, Haidian, Beijing, PRC, and
the list of the lease agreements (Filed as Exhibit 4.9 to the Companys Report on Form
20-F filed on June 29, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference). |
88
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
Number |
|
Description |
|
|
|
|
4.10
|
|
Business Cooperation Agreement dated March 7, 2000 between Beijing SINA Internet
Information Services Co., Ltd. and Beijing Stone Rich Sight Information Technology Co.,
Ltd. (currently known as Beijing SINA Information Technology Co., Ltd.) (Filed as
Exhibit 10.23 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1, Registration No.
333-11718, filed on March 27, 2000, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.11
|
|
Equipment and Leased Line Transfer Agreement dated March 7, 2000 between Beijing SINA
Internet Information Services Co., Ltd. and Beijing Stone Rich Sight Information
Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing SINA Information Technology Co., Ltd.)
(Filed as Exhibit 10.23 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1,
Registration No. 333-11718, filed on March 27, 2000, as amended, and incorporated herein
by reference). |
|
|
|
4.12
|
|
Advertising Agency Agreement dated March 7, 2000 between Beijing SINA Internet
Information Services Co., Ltd. and SINA.com (currently known as SINA Corporation) (Filed
as Exhibit 10.26 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1, Registration No.
333-11718, filed on March 27, 2000, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.13
|
|
Advertisement Production and Technical Service Agreement dated March 7, 2000 between
Beijing Stone Rich Sight Information Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing
SINA Information Technology Co., Ltd.) and Beijing SINA Interactive Advertising Co. Ltd.
(Filed as Exhibit 10.27 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1,
Registration No. 333-11718, filed on March 27, 2000, as amended, and incorporated herein
by reference). |
|
|
|
4.14
|
|
Advertising Publication and Cooperation Agreement dated March 7, 2000 between Beijing
SINA Internet Information Services Co., Ltd. and Beijing SINA Interactive Advertising
Co., Ltd. (Filed as Exhibit 10.28 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1,
Registration No. 333-11718, filed on March 27, 2000, as amended, and incorporated herein
by reference). |
|
|
|
4.15
|
|
Amendment to Advertising Agency Agreement dated April 1, 2000 between Beijing SINA
Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd. and SINA.com (currently known as SINA Corporation)
(Filed as Exhibit 10.37 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1,
Registration No. 333-11718, filed on March 27, 2000, as amended, and incorporated herein
by reference). |
|
|
|
4.16
|
|
Amendment to Advertisement Publication and Cooperation Agreement dated April 1, 2000
between Beijing SINA Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd. and Beijing SINA Internet
Information Services Co., Ltd. (Filed as Exhibit 10.38 to the Companys Registration
Statement on Form F-1, Registration No. 333-11718, filed on March 27, 2000, as amended,
and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.17
|
|
Amendment to Advertising Production and Technical Service Agreement dated April 1, 2000
between Beijing Stone Rich Sight Information Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as
Beijing SINA Information Technology Co., Ltd.) and Beijing SINA Interactive Advertising
Co., Ltd. (Filed as Exhibit 10.39 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1,
Registration No. 333-11718, filed on March 27, 2000, as amended, and incorporated herein
by reference). |
|
|
|
4.18
|
|
E-Commerce Cooperation Agreement dated April 1, 2000 between Beijing Stone Rich Sight
Information Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing SINA Information Technology
Co., Ltd.) and Beijing SINA Internet Information Services Co., Ltd (Filed as Exhibit
10.40 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1, Registration No. 333-11718,
filed on March 27, 2000, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.19
|
|
Share Pledge Agreements (18 agreements in total) between SINA.com Technology (China)
Co., Ltd. (a subsidiary of the Company) and certain employees of the Company in relation
to significant Variable Interest Entities controlled by the Company (Filed as Exhibit
4.19 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on June 29, 2009, and incorporated
herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.20
|
|
Loan Agreements (18 agreements in total) between Sina.com Technology (China) Co., Ltd (a
subsidiary of the Company) and certain employees of the Company for funding significant
Variable Interest Entities controlled by the Company (Filed as Exhibit 4.20 to the
Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on June 29, 2009, and incorporated herein by
reference). |
89
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
Number |
|
Description |
|
|
|
4.21
|
|
Agreements on Authorization to Exercise Shareholders Voting Power (18 agreements in
total) between Sina.com Technology (China) Co., Ltd (a subsidiary of the Company) and
certain employees of the Company in relation to significant Variable Interest Entities
controlled by the Company (Filed as Exhibit 4.21 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F
filed on June 29, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.22
|
|
Translation of Technical Services Agreement dated January 1, 2008 between Beijing New
Media Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Guangzhou Media Message Technologies Inc.
(Filed as Exhibit 4.22 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on June 29, 2009, and
incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.23
|
|
Translation of Internet Advertisement Publishing Technical Services Agreement dated
January 1, 2008 between SINA.com Technology (China) Co., Ltd and Beijing SINA Internet
Information Services Co., Ltd. (Filed as Exhibit 4.23 to the Companys Report on Form
20-F filed on June 29, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.24
|
|
Translation of Technical Services Agreement dated January 1, 2008 between Beijing New
Media Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Wang Xing Technology Co., Ltd.
(Filed as Exhibit 4.24 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on June 29, 2009, and
incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.25
|
|
Translation of Mobile Value Added Technical Services Agreement dated January 1, 2008
between SINA.com Technology (China) Co., Ltd. and Beijing SINA Internet Information
Services Co., Ltd. (Filed as Exhibit 4.25 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on
June 29, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.26
|
|
Translation of Internet Advertisement Publishing Technical Services Agreement dated
January 1, 2008 between SINA.com Technology (China) Co., Ltd. and Beijing SINA Infinity
Advertising Co., Ltd. (Filed as Exhibit 4.26 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed
on June 29, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.27
|
|
Change of Control Agreement dated February 1, 2001 with Charles Chao (Filed as Exhibit
10.48 to the Companys Report on Form 10-Q for the three month period ended March 31,
2001, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.28
|
|
Stock Purchase Agreement dated February 24, 2004, among SINA, Crillion, the shareholders
of Crillion listed on Part I of Exhibit A of the Stock Purchase Agreement and the
individuals listed on Part II of Exhibit A of the Stock Purchase Agreement (Filed as
Exhibit 2.1 to the Companys Report on Form 8-K filed on April 7, 2004, and incorporated
herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.29
|
|
Amendment Agreement dated March 23, 2004, among SINA, Crillion, the shareholders of
Crillion listed on Part I of Exhibit A of the Stock Purchase Agreement and the
individuals listed on Part II of Exhibit A of the Stock Purchase Agreement (Filed as
Exhibit 2.2 to the Companys Report on Form 8-K filed on April 7, 2004, and incorporated
herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.30
|
|
Equity Transfer Agreement dated February 24, 2004, among the individuals listed on
Schedule A attached to the Equity Transfer Agreement, Shenzhen Wang Xing Technology Co.,
Ltd., a limited liability company organized and existing under the laws of the Peoples
Republic of China, and the individuals listed on Schedule B attached to the Equity
Transfer Agreement (Filed as Exhibit 2.3 to the Companys Report on Form 8-K filed on
April 7, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.31
|
|
Stock Purchase Agreement dated July 1, 2004 among SINA Corporation, Davidhill Capital
Inc., the shareholders of Davidhill Capital Inc. listed on Part I of Exhibit A to such
agreement, and the company and individuals listed on Part II of Exhibit A to such
agreement. (Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Companys Report on Form 8-K filed on October
22, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.32
|
|
Amendment Agreement dated October 13, 2004 among SINA Corporation, Davidhill Capital
Inc., the shareholders of Davidhill Capital Inc. listed on Part I of Exhibit A to the
Stock Purchase Agreement, and the company and individuals listed on Part II of Exhibit A
to the Stock Purchase Agreement. (Filed as Exhibit 2.2 to the Companys Report on Form
8-K filed on October 22, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.33
|
|
Asset Purchase Agreement dated July 1, 2004 by and between Guiyang Longmaster
Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Beijing Davidhill Internet Technology Service Co.,
Ltd. (Filed as Exhibit 2.3 to the Companys Report on Form 8-K filed on October 22,
2004, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.34
|
|
2007 Share Incentive Plan (Filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Companys Report on Form S-8
filed on July 26, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference). |
90
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
Number |
|
Description |
|
|
|
4.35
|
|
Form of share option agreement for non-employee directors under the 2007 Share Incentive
Plan (Filed as Exhibit 4.44 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on June 30, 2008,
and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.36
|
|
Form of restricted share unit agreement for existing service providers under the 2007
Share Incentive Plan (Filed as Exhibit 4.45 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed
on June 30, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.37
|
|
Form of performance restricted share unit agreement under the 2007 Share Incentive Plan
(Filed as Exhibit 4.46 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on June 30, 2008, and
incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.38
|
|
Form of share option agreement for existing service providers under the 2007 Share
Incentive Plan (Filed as Exhibit 4.47 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on June
30, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.39
|
|
Form of restricted share unit agreement for existing service providers under the 2007
Share Incentive Plan (Filed as Exhibit 4.40 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed
on June 29, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.40
|
|
Form of restricted share unit agreement for existing service providers under the 2007
Share Incentive Plan (Filed as Exhibit 4.41 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed
on June 29, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.41
|
|
Share Subscription Agreement dated as of September 22, 2009 by and between New-Wave
Investment Holding Company Limited and the Company (Filed as Exhibit 4.41 to the
Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on May 14, 2010, and incorporated herein by
reference). |
|
|
|
4.42
|
|
Letter Amendment dated as of September 23, 2009 by and between New-Wave Investment
Holding Company Limited and the Company (Filed as Exhibit 4.42 to the Companys Report
on Form 20-F filed on May 14, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.43
|
|
Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement dated as of November 18, 2009 by and
between New-Wave Investment Holding Company Limited and the Company (Filed as Exhibit
4.43 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on May 14, 2010, and incorporated herein
by reference). |
|
|
|
4.44
|
|
Share Purchase Agreement, dated July 23, 2009, between CRIC Holdings Limited and the
Company (Filed as Exhibit 4.44 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on May 14,
2010, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.45
|
|
Amendment Agreement to the Share Purchase Agreement, dated September 29, 2009, between
China Real Estate Information Corporation and the Company (Filed as Exhibit 4.45 to the
Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on May 14, 2010, and incorporated herein by
reference). |
|
|
|
4.46
|
|
Amendment Agreement to the Share Purchase Agreement, dated October 17, 2009, between
China Real Estate Information Corporation and the Company (Filed as Exhibit 4.46 to the
Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on May 14, 2010, and incorporated herein by
reference). |
|
|
|
4.47
|
|
Shareholders Agreement, dated October 21, 2009, by and among the China Real Estate
Information Corporation, E-House (China) Holdings Limited and the Company (Filed as
Exhibit 4.47 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on May 14, 2010, and
incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.48
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated October 21, 2009, by and among the China Real
Estate Information Corporation, E-House (China) Holdings Limited and the Company (Filed
as Exhibit 4.48 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on May 14, 2010, and
incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.49
|
|
English translation of Amended and Restated Advertising Inventory Sale Agency Agreement,
dated August 31, 2009, between the Company and China Online Housing Technology
Corporation (Filed as Exhibit 4.49 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on May 14,
2010, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.50
|
|
Domain Name and Content License Agreement, dated September 2009, between Beijing SINA
Internet Information Service Co., Ltd. and Beijing Yisheng Leju Information Services
Co., Ltd. (Filed as Exhibit 4.50 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on May 14,
2010, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.51
|
|
Trademark License Agreement, dated September 2009, between Beijing SINA Internet
Information Service Co., Ltd. and Beijing Yisheng Leju Information Services Co., Ltd.
(Filed as Exhibit 4.51 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on May 14, 2010, and
incorporated herein by reference). |
91
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
Number |
|
Description |
|
|
|
4.52
|
|
Software License and Support Services Agreement, dated September 2009, between SINA.com
Technology (China) Co. Ltd. and Shanghai SINA Leju Information Technology Co., Ltd.
(Filed as Exhibit 4.52 to the Companys Report on Form 20-F filed on May 14, 2010, and
incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
4.53
|
|
Amended and Restated 2007 Share Incentive Plan (Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys
Report on Form S-8 filed on September 3, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference). |
|
|
|
8.1*
|
|
List of Subsidiaries. |
|
|
|
12.1*
|
|
Certificate of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules
13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002. |
|
|
|
12.2*
|
|
Certificate of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules
13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002. |
|
|
|
13.1*
|
|
Certificate of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350. |
|
|
|
13.2*
|
|
Certificate of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350. |
|
|
|
15.1*
|
|
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |
|
|
|
15.2*
|
|
Consent of Jun He Law offices. |
|
|
|
15.3*
|
|
Consolidated financial statements of China Real Estate Information Corporation for the
fiscal years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008. |
|
|
|
15.4*
|
|
Consent of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd., independent registered public accounting
firm of China Real Estate Information Corporation. |
|
|
|
101.INS**
|
|
XBRL Instance Document |
|
|
|
101.SCH**
|
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
|
|
|
101.CAL**
|
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
|
|
|
101.DEF**
|
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
|
|
|
101.LAB**
|
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
|
|
|
101.PRE**
|
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
|
|
|
* |
|
Filed herewith. |
|
** |
|
XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information is furnished
and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for
purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed
not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections. |
92
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F
and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its
behalf.
|
|
|
|
|
|
SINA Corporation
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ Charles Chao
|
|
|
|
Charles Chao |
|
|
|
President and Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
Date:
May 31, 2011
93
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page |
Consolidated Financial Statements: |
|
|
|
|
F-2 |
|
|
F-3 |
|
|
F-4 |
|
|
F-5 |
|
|
F-6 |
|
|
F-7 |
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of SINA Corporation:
In
our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the
related consolidated statements of
operations, consolidated statements of shareholders equity and consolidated statements of cash
flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of SINA Corporation and its
subsidiaries at December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, and the results of their operations and
their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010 in conformity
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion,
the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
The Companys management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective
internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal
control over financial reporting, included in Managements Annual Report on Internal Control over
Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these
financial statements and on the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our
integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all
material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included
obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a
material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of
internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinions.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and
procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately
and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and
directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have
a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent
or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods
are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or
that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company
Beijing, the Peoples Republic of China
May 31, 2011
F-2
SINA CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
643,619 |
|
|
$ |
746,423 |
|
Short-term investments |
|
|
239,216 |
|
|
|
75,095 |
|
Accounts receivable, net of allowances
for doubtful accounts of $9,262 and
$8,791, respectively (include due from
CRIC of $2,010 and $6,103 as of December
31, 2010 and 2009, respectively) |
|
|
89,843 |
|
|
|
74,999 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
|
35,981 |
|
|
|
22,381 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets |
|
|
1,008,659 |
|
|
|
918,898 |
|
Property and equipment, net |
|
|
33,289 |
|
|
|
23,022 |
|
Equity investments |
|
|
508,113 |
|
|
|
580,606 |
|
Intangible assets, net |
|
|
1,524 |
|
|
|
3,690 |
|
Goodwill |
|
|
84,050 |
|
|
|
84,050 |
|
Other assets |
|
|
455 |
|
|
|
3,576 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
$ |
1,636,090 |
|
|
$ |
1,613,842 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable |
|
$ |
3,963 |
|
|
$ |
1,918 |
|
Accrued liabilities |
|
|
96,192 |
|
|
|
81,712 |
|
Income taxes payable |
|
|
17,011 |
|
|
|
14,526 |
|
Deferred revenue |
|
|
31,858 |
|
|
|
27,258 |
|
Convertible debt |
|
|
99,000 |
|
|
|
99,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities |
|
|
248,024 |
|
|
|
224,414 |
|
Long-term liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred revenue |
|
|
145,274 |
|
|
|
164,019 |
|
Other liabilities |
|
|
2,266 |
|
|
|
2,710 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total long-term liabilities |
|
|
147,540 |
|
|
|
166,729 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities |
|
|
395,564 |
|
|
|
391,143 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders equity: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SINA shareholders equity: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary shares: $0.133 par value;
150,000 shares authorized; 61,775 and
60,919 shares issued and outstanding as
of December 31, 2010 and 2009,
respectively |
|
|
8,216 |
|
|
|
8,102 |
|
Additional paid-in capital |
|
|
596,110 |
|
|
|
571,024 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
|
|
63,612 |
|
|
|
52,137 |
|
Retained earnings |
|
|
571,370 |
|
|
|
590,464 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total SINA shareholders equity |
|
|
1,239,308 |
|
|
|
1,221,727 |
|
Noncontrolling interests |
|
|
1,218 |
|
|
|
972 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity |
|
|
1,240,526 |
|
|
|
1,222,699 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
|
$ |
1,636,090 |
|
|
$ |
1,613,842 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-3
SINA CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
Net revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advertising (include revenue received from CRIC of $2,526, $852 and nil for
2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively) |
|
$ |
290,814 |
|
|
$ |
227,895 |
|
|
$ |
258,499 |
|
Non-advertising (include amortization of deferred revenue from CRIC of $18,745,
$4,686 and nil for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively) |
|
|
111,803 |
|
|
|
130,672 |
|
|
|
111,088 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
402,617 |
|
|
|
358,567 |
|
|
|
369,587 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costs of revenue: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advertising |
|
|
116,295 |
|
|
|
99,835 |
|
|
|
100,008 |
|
Non-advertising |
|
|
52,115 |
|
|
|
58,457 |
|
|
|
50,327 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
168,410 |
|
|
|
158,292 |
|
|
|
150,335 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit |
|
|
234,207 |
|
|
|
200,275 |
|
|
|
219,252 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales and marketing |
|
|
77,996 |
|
|
|
85,133 |
|
|
|
79,784 |
|
Product development |
|
|
34,048 |
|
|
|
33,777 |
|
|
|
30,371 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
22,585 |
|
|
|
40,025 |
|
|
|
33,179 |
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
|
3,335 |
|
|
|
4,138 |
|
|
|
1,337 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses |
|
|
137,964 |
|
|
|
163,073 |
|
|
|
144,671 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from operations |
|
|
96,243 |
|
|
|
37,202 |
|
|
|
74,581 |
|
Interest and other income, net |
|
|
8,804 |
|
|
|
8,371 |
|
|
|
18,270 |
|
Earnings from equity investments, net |
|
|
12,604 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain on sale of business or (impairment in equity investment) |
|
|
(128,554 |
) |
|
|
375,055 |
|
|
|
2,358 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income tax expense |
|
|
(10,903 |
) |
|
|
420,628 |
|
|
|
95,209 |
|
Income tax expense |
|
|
(8,436 |
) |
|
|
(8,323 |
) |
|
|
(14,042 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) |
|
|
(19,339 |
) |
|
|
412,305 |
|
|
|
81,167 |
|
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest |
|
|
(245 |
) |
|
|
410 |
|
|
|
529 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) attributable to SINA |
|
$ |
(19,094 |
) |
|
$ |
411,895 |
|
|
$ |
80,638 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to SINA |
|
$ |
(0.31 |
) |
|
$ |
7.53 |
|
|
$ |
1.44 |
|
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to SINA |
|
$ |
(0.31 |
) |
|
$ |
6.95 |
|
|
$ |
1.33 |
|
Shares used in computing basic net income (loss) per share attributable to SINA |
|
|
61,216 |
|
|
|
54,722 |
|
|
|
55,821 |
|
Shares used in computing diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to SINA |
|
|
61,216 |
|
|
|
59,259 |
|
|
|
60,474 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
SINA CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SINA Shareholders Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders |
|
|
Comprehensive |
|
|
Ordinary Shares |
|
|
Paid-In |
|
|
Shares Repurchased |
|
|
Comprehensive |
|
|
Retained |
|
|
Noncontrolling |
|
|
|
Equity |
|
|
Income (loss) |
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Capital |
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Income |
|
|
Earnings |
|
|
Interest |
|
Balances at December 31, 2007 |
|
$ |
494,976 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
55,521 |
|
|
$ |
7,384 |
|
|
$ |
358,232 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
31,429 |
|
|
$ |
97,931 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to
stock plans |
|
|
10,549 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
600 |
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
10,469 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation expenses |
|
|
14,309 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14,309 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sale of subsidiaries shares to
noncontrolling interest |
|
|
3,514 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,514 |
|
Others |
|
|
(130 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(130 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
81,167 |
|
|
$ |
81,167 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80,638 |
|
|
|
529 |
|
Unrealized gain on marketable securities |
|
|
591 |
|
|
|
591 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
591 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency translation adjustments |
|
|
19,572 |
|
|
|
19,572 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,572 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
101,330 |
|
|
$ |
101,330 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balances at December 31, 2008 |
|
$ |
624,548 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
56,121 |
|
|
$ |
7,464 |
|
|
$ |
382,880 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
51,592 |
|
|
$ |
178,569 |
|
|
$ |
4,043 |
|
Repurchase of ordinary shares |
|
|
(50,074 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,455 |
) |
|
|
(50,074 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cancellation of repurchased ordinary shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,455 |
) |
|
|
(327 |
) |
|
|
(49,747 |
) |
|
|
2,455 |
|
|
|
50,074 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to
stock plans |
|
|
26,175 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,644 |
|
|
|
219 |
|
|
|
25,956 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to
private equity placement |
|
|
180,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,609 |
|
|
|
746 |
|
|
|
179,254 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance cost of private equity placement |
|
|
(349 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(349 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation expenses of stock
plans |
|
|
22,637 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,637 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation expenses of
private equity placement |
|
|
10,726 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,726 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sale of subsidiaries shares to
noncontrolling interest |
|
|
798 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
798 |
|
Purchase of subsidiaries shares from
noncontrolling interest |
|
|
(342 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(171 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(171 |
) |
Disposal of noncontrolling interest in a
subsidiary |
|
|
(4,270 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(162 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,108 |
) |
Comprehensive income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
412,305 |
|
|
$ |
412,305 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
411,895 |
|
|
|
410 |
|
Unrealized gain on marketable securities |
|
|
329 |
|
|
|
329 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
329 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency translation adjustments |
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
412,850 |
|
|
$ |
412,850 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balances at December 31, 2009 |
|
$ |
1,222,699 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60,919 |
|
|
$ |
8,102 |
|
|
$ |
571,024 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
52,137 |
|
|
$ |
590,464 |
|
|
$ |
972 |
|
Issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to
stock plans |
|
|
11,798 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
856 |
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
11,684 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation expenses |
|
|
13,402 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,402 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sale of subsidiaries shares to
noncontrolling interest |
|
|
453 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
453 |
|
Comprehensive income (loss): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
|
(19,339 |
) |
|
$ |
(19,339 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(19,094 |
) |
|
|
(245 |
) |
Others |
|
|
868 |
|
|
|
868 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
868 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency translation adjustments |
|
|
10,645 |
|
|
|
10,645 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,607 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive loss |
|
|
(7,826 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,826 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balances at December 31, 2010 |
|
$ |
1,240,526 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61,775 |
|
|
$ |
8,216 |
|
|
$ |
596,110 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
63,612 |
|
|
$ |
571,370 |
|
|
$ |
1,218 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
SINA CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
Cash flows from operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) |
|
$ |
(19,339 |
) |
|
$ |
412,305 |
|
|
$ |
81,167 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation |
|
|
13,609 |
|
|
|
15,272 |
|
|
|
16,002 |
|
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
13,402 |
|
|
|
33,363 |
|
|
|
14,309 |
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
|
3,335 |
|
|
|
4,403 |
|
|
|
1,603 |
|
Provision for allowance for doubtful accounts |
|
|
1,239 |
|
|
|
5,269 |
|
|
|
3,528 |
|
Deferred income taxes |
|
|
(706 |
) |
|
|
1,230 |
|
|
|
(56 |
) |
Earnings from equity investments, net |
|
|
(12,604 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment in equity investment or (gain on sale of business) |
|
|
128,554 |
|
|
|
(375,055 |
) |
|
|
(2,358 |
) |
Realized (unrealized) foreign exchange gains from liquidated subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,964 |
|
|
|
(1,964 |
) |
Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment |
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
53 |
|
Changes in assets and liabilities (net of effect from business acquisition and disposal): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable |
|
|
(13,390 |
) |
|
|
(1,746 |
) |
|
|
(21,903 |
) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
|
442 |
|
|
|
(5,565 |
) |
|
|
65 |
|
Other assets |
|
|
3,211 |
|
|
|
(3,240 |
) |
|
|
24 |
|
Accounts payable |
|
|
(128 |
) |
|
|
(76 |
) |
|
|
62 |
|
Accrued liabilities |
|
|
11,768 |
|
|
|
16,493 |
|
|
|
14,646 |
|
Income taxes payable |
|
|
2,024 |
|
|
|
(2,751 |
) |
|
|
8,614 |
|
Deferred revenue |
|
|
(14,775 |
) |
|
|
(3,833 |
) |
|
|
208 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities |
|
|
116,595 |
|
|
|
98,086 |
|
|
|
114,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of short-term investments |
|
|
(558,165 |
) |
|
|
(45,692 |
) |
|
|
(154,036 |
) |
Maturities of short-term investments |
|
|
399,018 |
|
|
|
191,614 |
|
|
|
150,885 |
|
Purchases of property and equipment |
|
|
(20,892 |
) |
|
|
(4,909 |
) |
|
|
(18,790 |
) |
Cash disposed in conjunction with the spin off of China Online Housing Technology
Corporation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11,647 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Investments and prepayments on investments |
|
|
(55,871 |
) |
|
|
(17,076 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for acquisitions of intangible assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(626 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,019 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
|
|
(235,910 |
) |
|
|
111,664 |
|
|
|
(23,960 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to stock plans |
|
|
12,497 |
|
|
|
25,436 |
|
|
|
10,549 |
|
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to private equity placement |
|
|
|
|
|
|
180,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase of ordinary shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(50,074 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from sales of noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
798 |
|
|
|
2,500 |
|
Other financing activities |
|
|
(520 |
) |
|
|
(861 |
) |
|
|
(642 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
|
11,977 |
|
|
|
155,299 |
|
|
|
12,407 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
4,534 |
|
|
|
(1,946 |
) |
|
|
9,207 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(102,804 |
) |
|
|
363,103 |
|
|
|
111,654 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year |
|
|
746,423 |
|
|
|
383,320 |
|
|
|
271,666 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year |
|
$ |
643,619 |
|
|
$ |
746,423 |
|
|
$ |
383,320 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosures: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for income taxes |
|
$ |
(7,108 |
) |
|
$ |
(10,607 |
) |
|
$ |
(5,270 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for acquisitions |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
(3,663 |
) |
Cash acquired |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,644 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
(2,019 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity investment in China Real Estate Information Corporation in exchange for the spin
off of SINAs online real estate business in China Online Housing Technology Corporation
and certain licenses and services agreements |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
572,000 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
SINA CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Operations
SINA Corporation (SINA, we or the Company) is an online media company and MVAS provider
in the Peoples Republic of China and for the global Chinese communities. With a branded network of
localized websites targeting Greater China and overseas Chinese, the Company provides services
mainly through SINA.com (online news and content), Weibo.com
(microblog) and SINA
Mobile (MVAS). Through these businesses and properties and other business lines, SINA offers an
array of services, including region-focused online portals, MVAS, microblog, blog, video and music
streaming, photo sharing, online games, email, search, classified listings, fee-based services,
e-commerce and enterprise e-solutions. The Company generates the majority of its revenues from
online advertising and MVAS offerings and, to a lesser extent, from fee-based services.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of presentation and Use of estimates
The preparation of the Companys consolidated financial statements is in conformity with
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (GAAP), which requires management
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ
materially from such estimates. The Company believes the accounting for advertising and MVAS
revenues, accounting for income taxes, assessment of impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets,
allowances for doubtful accounts, assessment of
impairment of equity investments, stock-based compensation, consolidation, determination of the
estimated useful lives of assets, accounting for advertising expenses, and foreign currency
represent critical accounting policies that reflect the more significant judgments and estimates
used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements.
Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned
and majority-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities (VIEs) in which the Company is the
primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
To comply with PRC laws and regulations, the Company provides substantially all of its
Internet content and MVAS services in China via its VIEs. These VIEs are wholly or partially owned
by certain employees of the Company. The capital for the VIEs are funded by the Company and
recorded as interest-free loans to these PRC employees. These loans were eliminated with the
capital of the VIEs during consolidation. Under various contractual agreements, employee
shareholders of the VIEs are required to transfer their ownership in these entities to the
Companys subsidiaries in China when permitted by PRC laws and regulations or to designees of the
Company at any time for the amount of loans outstanding. All voting rights of the VIEs are assigned
to the Company and the Company has the right to appoint all directors and senior management
personnel of the VIEs. The Company has also entered into exclusive technical service agreements
with the VIEs under which the Company provides technical and other services to the VIEs in exchange
for substantially all net income of the VIEs. In addition, employee shareholders of the VIEs have
pledged their shares in the VIEs as collateral for the non-payment of loans or for the technical
and other services fees due to the Company. As of December 31, 2010, the total amount of
interest-free loans to these PRC employees was $17.6 million and the aggregate accumulated losses
of all VIEs were approximately $5.4 million, which have been included in the consolidated financial
statements.
As of December 31, 2010, the total assets for the consolidated VIEs were $79.8 million, mainly
comprising cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and property and equipment. As of
December 31, 2010, the total liabilities for the consolidated VIEs were $60.3 million, mainly
comprising deferred revenue and accrued liabilities to suppliers and agents. These balances are
reflected in SINAs consolidated financial statements with intercompany transactions eliminated.
Under the contractual arrangements with the VIEs, the Company has the power to direct
activities of the VIEs and direct the transfer of assets out of its VIEs. Therefore the Company
considers that there is no asset of VIEs that can be used only to settle obligations of VIEs,
except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves of VIEs amounting to a total of $24.9
million as of December 31, 2010. Since our VIEs are incorporated as limited liability companies
under the PRC Company Law, creditors of our VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the
Company. Liabilities of the consolidated VIEs totaled $60.3 million as of December 31, 2010, $44.0
million in accrued liabilities, $9.4 million in tax payable and $6.9 million in deferred revenue.
There is currently no contractual arrangement that would require the Company to provide additional
financial support to the VIEs. As the
F-7
Company is conducting certain businesses mainly through its VIEs, the Company may provide such
support on a discretionary basis in the future, which could expose the Company to a loss.
The following is a summary of the Companys major VIEs:
|
|
|
Beijing SINA Internet Information Service Co., Ltd. (the ICP Company), a China company
controlled through business agreement. The ICP Company is responsible for operating
www.sina.com.cn in connection with its Internet content company license, selling the
advertisements to advertisers and providing MVAS with its Value-Added Telecommunication
Services Operating License in China via third-party operators to the users. It is 1.5% owned
by Yan Wang, the Companys Chairman of the Board, 22.50% owned by the Companys executive
officer Tong Chen, 26.75% owned by the Companys executive officer Hong Du, and 49.25% owned
by two other non-executive PRC employees of the Company. The registered capital of the ICP
Company is $2.5 million. |
|
|
|
|
Guangzhou Media Message Technologies, Inc. (Xunlong), a China company controlled
through business agreement. Xunlong is responsible for providing MVAS in China via
third-party operators to the users under its Value-Added Telecommunication Services
Operating License. It is owned by two non-executive PRC employees of the Company. The
registered capital of the Xunlong is $1.2 million. |
|
|
|
|
Beijing Star-Village Online Cultural Development Co., Ltd. (StarVI), previously
translated as Beijing Star-Village.com Cultural Development Co., Ltd, a China company
controlled through business agreement. StarVI is responsible for providing MVAS in China via
third-party operators to the users under its Value-Added Telecommunication Services
Operating License. It is owned by three non-executive PRC employees of the Company. The
registered capital of the StarVI is 1.2 million. |
|
|
|
|
Shenzhen Wang Xing Technology Co., Ltd. (Wangxing), a China company controlled through
business agreement. Wangxing is responsible for providing MVAS in China via third-party
operators to the users under its Value-Added Telecommunication Services Operating License.
It is owned by three non-executive PRC employees of the Company. The registered capital of
Wangxing is $1.2 million. |
|
|
|
|
Beijing SINA Infinity Advertising Co., Ltd. (the IAD Company), a China company
controlled through business agreement. The IAD Company is an advertising agency. It is owned
by two non-executive PRC employees of the Company. This entity has an approved business
scope including design, production, agency and issuance of advertisements. The registered
capital of the IAD Company is $7.3 million. |
The Company began to consolidate the ICP Company in October 2001. Xunlong and StarVI were
acquired from Memestar Limited in January 2003 and the operating results for these two companies
were consolidated by the Company since January 2003. Wangxing was acquired from Crillion
Corporation in March 2004 and the operating results for Wangxing were consolidated by the Company
since March 2004. The operating results of the IAD Company were consolidated since its
establishment in 2004.
Noncontrolling interest
In accordance with the revised FASB guidance on accounting for minority interest, starting
January 1, 2009, the Company has renamed its minority interest to noncontrolling interest and
reclassified the related amount in its consolidated balance sheets from the mezzanine section
between liabilities and equity to a separate line item in the equity section. The Company also
expanded disclosures in its consolidated financial statements to identify and distinguish the
interest of SINA from the interest of noncontrolling interest holders. Consistent with the revised
guidance, the Company has applied the presentation and disclosure requirements retroactively for
all periods presented for comparability purposes.
Fair value of financial instruments
All financial assets and liabilities are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the
consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually).
Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an
asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the
measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required
or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous
market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use
when pricing the asset or liability.
F-8
Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the
use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A
financial instruments categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest
level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting guidance establishes
three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets
for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices
included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for
similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical asset or liabilities
in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-
derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from,
or corroborated by, observable market data.
Level 3 applies to asset or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the
valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or
liabilities.
The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable,
prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and deferred
revenue approximates fair value.
Shares repurchase
The Company accounts for repurchased ordinary shares under the cost method and includes such
share repurchased as a component of the common shareholders equity. Cancellation of shares
repurchased is recorded as a reduction of ordinary shares and additional paid-in capital, as
applicable. An excess of purchase price over par value is allocated to additional paid-in capital.
Cash equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months
or less as cash equivalents. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, cash equivalents were comprised of
investments in time deposits and money market funds stated at cost plus accrued interest.
Allowances for doubtful accounts
The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts which reflects its best estimate of
amounts that potentially will not be collected. The Company determines the allowance for doubtful
accounts based on a historical, rolling average, bad debt rate in the prior year and other factors
such as credit-worthiness of customers and age of receivable balances. The Company also provides
specific provisions for bad debts when facts and circumstances indicate that the receivable is
unlikely to be collected. If the financial condition of the Companys customers were to
deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, or if the operators
incur more bad debt than their original estimates, more bad debt allowance may be required.
Long-lived assets
Property and equipment. Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated
depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the
estimated useful lives of the assets, generally from three to four years for computers and
equipment and five years for furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the
shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the remaining lease term. Depreciation
expenses were $13.6 million, $15.3 million and $16.0 million for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Goodwill. Goodwill is carried at cost and tested for impairment at least annually or more
frequently if facts or change in circumstances indicate that this asset may be impaired. A two-step
test is used to assess goodwill for impairment. First, the fair value of each reporting unit,
defined as the operating segment or one level below, is compared to its carrying value including
goodwill. The Company generally determines the fair value of its reporting units using market
approach and income approach. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the
second step shall be performed and an impairment loss equal to the difference between the implied
fair value of the reporting units goodwill and the carrying amount of the goodwill will be
recorded.
Intangible assets other than goodwill. Intangible assets arising from acquisitions are
recognized at fair value upon acquisition and amortized on a straight-line basis over their
estimated useful lives, generally from eighteen months to ten years.
F-9
Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets to be held and used are reviewed
for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of
such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of
undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition.
Measurement of any impairment loss for long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets
that management expects to hold or use is based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds
the fair value of the asset.
Equity investments
Equity investments are comprised of investments in publicly traded companies and
privately-held companies. The Company accounts for its common stock equivalent equity investment
over which it has significant influence but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise
control using the equity method. For equity investments over which the Company does not have
significant influence, the cost method accounting is used. For equity investments in shares that
are not common stock or in-substance common stock and that do not have readily determinable fair
value, the cost method accounting is used. The Company accounts for its investment in China Real
Estate Information Corporation (CRIC) using the equity method of accounting. Following the
acquisition date, the Company records its share of the results of CRIC one quarter in arrear within
earnings in equity interests.
The Company assesses its equity investments for other-than-temporary impairment by considering
factors including, but not limited to, stock prices of public companies in which the Company has an
equity investment, current economic and market conditions, operating performance of the companies,
including current earnings trends and undiscounted cash flows, and other company-specific
information, such as recent financing rounds. The fair value determination, particularly for
investments in privately-held companies, requires significant judgment to determine appropriate
estimates and assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could affect the calculation
of the fair value of the investments and the determination of whether any identified impairment is
other-than-temporary. If any impairment is considered other-than-temporary, the Company will write
down the asset to its fair value and take the corresponding charge to the Consolidated Statements
of Operations.
The Company invests in marketable equity securities to meet business objective and intends to
hold the securities for more than 12 months from the balance sheet date. These marketable
securities are classified and accounted for as available-for-sale securities under Equity
Investments. Investments classified as available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value
with unrealized gains (losses), if any, recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income in
shareholders equity. Realized gains or losses are charged to income during the period in which the
gain or loss is realized. If the Company determines a decline in fair value is
other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the individual security is written down to fair value as a
new cost basis and the amount of the write-down is accounted for as a realized loss. The fair value
of the investment would then become the new cost basis of the investment and shall not be adjusted
for subsequent recoveries in fair value. Subsequent increases and decreases in the fair value of
available-for-sale securities will be included in comprehensive income through a credit or charge
to shareholders equity except for an other-than- temporary impairment, which will be charged to
income.
Convertible debt
Effective January 1, 2009 the Company adopted the revised guidance on accounting for convertible
debt instrument issued by the FASB, which requires issuers of convertible debt that may be settled
wholly or partly in cash when converted to account for the debt and equity components separately.
The revised guidance has to be applied retrospectively to all periods and requires the Company to
estimate the fair value of its convertible notes as of the date of issuance, and as if the
instrument was issued without the conversion feature. The difference between the fair value and the
principal amount of the instrument was retrospectively recorded as debt discount and as a component
of equity. The debt discount was subsequently amortized as interest cost over its expected life of
four years from its issuance date to its earliest conversion date. Although the revised guidance
did not have an impact on the Companys past or future cash flows, it required the Company to
record non-cash interest expense that would not have occurred under the previous GAAP guidance.
Convertible notes are classified as a current liability if they are or will be callable within one
year from the balance sheet date, even though liquidation may not be expected within that period.
Revenue recognition
Advertising
Advertising revenues are derived principally from online advertising and, to a lesser extent,
sponsorship arrangements. Online advertising arrangements allow advertisers to place advertisements
on particular areas of the Companys websites, in particular formats and over particular periods of
time. Advertising revenues from online advertising arrangements are recognized ratably over the
contract period of display when the collectability is reasonably assured. Sponsorship arrangements
allow advertisers to sponsor a particular area on its websites in exchange for a fixed payment over
the contract period. Advertising revenues from sponsorship are recognized ratably over the contract
period. Advertising revenues derived from the design, coordination
and integration of online advertising and sponsorship arrangements
to be placed on the Companys
websites are recognized ratably over the term of such programs.
F-10
Revenues for advertising services
are recognized net of agency rebates. Advertising arrangements involving multiple deliverables are
broken down into single-element arrangements based on their relative fair value for revenue
recognition purposes. The Company recognizes revenue on the elements delivered and defers the
recognition of revenue for the fair value of the undelivered elements until the remaining
obligations have been satisfied.
Revenues from barter transactions are recognized during the period in which the advertisements
are displayed on the Companys properties. Barter transactions are recorded at the lower of the
fair value of the goods and services received or the fair value of the advertisement given,
provided the fair value of the transaction is reliably measurable. Revenues from barter
transactions were immaterial for all periods presented.
Deferred revenue primarily consists of contractual billings in excess of recognized revenue
and payments received in advance of revenue recognition.
Non-advertising
MVAS. MVAS revenues are derived principally from providing mobile phone users with SMS, MMS,
CRBT, WAP, IVR and KJAVA games. These services include news and other content subscriptions,
picture and logo download, ring tones, ring back tones, mobile games and access to music files.
Revenues from MVAS are charged on a monthly or per-usage basis. Such revenues are recognized in the
period in which the service is performed, provided that no significant obligations remain,
collection of the receivables is reasonably assured and the amounts can be accurately estimated.
The Company contracts with China Mobile and its subsidiaries, China Unicom and its
subsidiaries, China Telecommunications Corporation and its subsidiaries, and, to a lesser degree,
other operators, for billing, collection and transmission services related to the MVAS offered to
its users. The Company also contracts with other service providers to provide content and to
distribute MVAS or other services for us. Revenues are recorded on a gross basis when most of the
gross indicators are met, such as the Company is considered the primary obligor in the arrangement,
designs and develops (in some cases with the assistance of third-parties) the MVAS, has reasonable
latitude to establish price, has discretion in selecting the operators to offer its MVAS, provides
customer services related to the MVAS and takes on the credit risks associated with the
transmission fees. Conversely, revenues are recorded on a net basis when most of the gross
indicators are not met.
The Company purchases certain contents from third-party content providers for its MVAS. In
most of these arrangements, the fees payable to the third-party content providers are calculated
based on certain percentages of the revenue earned by their contents after deducting the fees paid
to the third-party operators. The Companys MVAS revenues are inclusive of such fees when the
Company acts as the principal in these arrangements by having the ability to determine the fees
charged to end users and being the primary obligor to the end users with respect to providing such
services.
Due to the time lag between when the services are rendered and when the operator billing
statements are received, MVAS revenues are estimated based on the Companys internal billing
records and transmissions for the month, adjusting for prior periods confirmation rates with
operators and prior periods discrepancies between internally estimated revenues and actual
revenues confirmed by operators. The confirmation rate applied to the estimation of revenues is
determined at the lower of the latest confirmation rate available and the average of six-month
historical rates if such historical average is available. If the Company has not yet received
confirmation rates for six months, revenues would be deferred until billing statements are received
from the operators. Historically, there have been no significant adjustments to the revenue
estimates.
Historically, due to the time lag of receiving billing statements from operators and the lack
of adequate information to make estimates, the Company has adopted a one-month lag reporting policy
for MVAS revenues. Such policy has been applied on a consistent basis and does not apply to MVAS
revenues from acquired entities Memestar Limited and Crillion Corporation as the acquired entities
were able to obtain timely and accurate information to support their revenue estimates through the
acquisition dates which has continued since our acquisition. For the years ended December 31, 2010,
2009 and 2008, the Company recorded MVAS revenues in the amount of $86.2 million, $119.3 million
and $103.3 million, respectively. The impact of reporting in one-month lag for MVAS revenues is
immaterial.
Credit memos issued by operators on billings that were previously settled and for which
payments have been received are accounted for as a credit to revenue based on a historical rolling
average. Historically, the true-ups between accrued amounts and actual credit memos issued have not
been material.
Deferred revenue. Deferred revenue is mostly derived from the amended and restated
advertising agency agreement, the domain name and content license agreement, the trademark license
agreement and the software license and support services agreement (License Agreements) SINA
entered into with China Online Housing Technology Corporation (COHT) in
F-11
September 2009 as part of the Companys consideration for the interest in CRIC. The amount
allocated to the fair value of the License Agreements was $187.4 million, which represents the
difference between the total consideration and the fair value of equity interests of COHT disposed.
This amount was recorded as deferred revenue and amortized over the contract period of ten
years. See Note 3 for further discussion related to equity investment in CRIC.
Fee-based services. Fee-based services allow the Companys users to subscribe to services on
its websites including online games, paid personal email services, paid corporate emails services,
etc. Revenues from these services are recognized over the periods in which the services are
performed, provided that no significant obligations remain, collection of the receivables is
reasonably assured and the amounts can be accurately estimated.
The recognition of these revenues is partly based on the Companys assessment of the
probability of collection of the resulting accounts receivable balance. As a result, the timing or
amount of revenue recognition may have been different if the Companys assessment of the
probability of collection of accounts receivable had been different.
The Company presents taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and
concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction on a gross basis in the financial
statements. These taxes include business taxes, surcharges and cultural business construction fees.
The total amount of such taxes for 2010, 2009 and 2008 were $27.2 million, $22.9 million and $25.9
million, respectively.
Costs of revenues
Advertising. Costs of advertising revenues consist mainly of costs associated with the
production of websites, which includes fees paid to third parties for Internet connection, content
and services, payroll-related expenses, and equipment depreciation associated with the website
production. Costs of advertising revenues also include business taxes, net of business tax refund
received, surcharges and cultural business construction fees levied on advertising sales in China,
which in aggregate approximate 8.5% of the advertising revenues in China.
Non-advertising. Costs of non-advertising revenues consist mainly of fees paid to or retained
by the third-party operators for their services relating to the billing and collection of the
Companys MVAS revenues and for using their transmission gateways. Costs of non-advertising
revenues also consist of fees or royalties paid to third-party content and service providers
associated with the MVAS, costs for providing the enterprise services and business taxes levied on
non-advertising revenues in China. Business taxes and surcharges levied on non-advertising revenues
are approximately 3.3% for mobile related revenues and 5.5% for other non-advertising revenues.
Product development expenses
Product development expenses consist primarily of payroll-related expenses incurred for
enhancement to and maintenance of the Companys websites as well as costs associated with new
product development and product enhancements. The Company expenses all costs incurred for the
planning and post implementation phases of development and costs associated with repair or
maintenance of the existing site or the development of website content. Since inception, the amount
of costs qualifying for capitalization has been immaterial and, as a result, all product
development costs have been expensed as incurred.
Advertising expense
Advertising expenses consist primarily of costs for the promotion of corporate image, product
marketing and direct marketing. The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred and classify
these costs under sales and marketing expense. The nature of the Companys direct marketing
activities is such that they are intended to acquire subscribers for subscription-based and
usage-based MVAS. The Company expenses all such direct marketing expenses. Advertising expenses for
2010, 2009 and 2008 were $45.0 million, $45.8 million and $46.4 million, respectively.
F-12
Stock-based compensation
All stock-based awards to employees and directors, including stock options and restricted
share units, are measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the awards. Stock-based
compensation, net of forfeitures, is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the
requisite service period, which is the vesting period.
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock
options. The determination of estimated fair value of stock-based payment awards on the grant date
using an option pricing model is affected by the Companys stock price as well as assumptions
regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include the Companys
expected stock price volatility over the expected term of the awards, actual and projected employee
stock option exercise behaviors, a risk-free interest rate and any expected dividends. Shares of
our subsidiaries, which do not have quoted market prices, were valued
based on the income approach, if
a revenue model had been established, or the market approach, the results of which were considered
with that of other approaches, including the replacement cost method, to assess reasonableness.
Options granted generally vest over four years.
The Company recognizes the estimated compensation cost of service-based restricted share units
based on the fair value of its ordinary shares on the date of the grant. The Company recognizes the
compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, over a vesting term of generally three to four
years.
The Company recognizes the estimated compensation cost of performance-based restricted share
units based on the fair value of its ordinary shares on the date of the grant. The awards are
earned upon attainment of identified performance goals. The Company recognizes the compensation
cost, net of estimated forfeitures, over the performance period. The Company also adjusts the
compensation cost based on the probability of performance goal achievement at the end of each
reporting period.
Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent periods if actual
forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company uses historical data to estimate pre-vesting
option and restricted share units forfeitures and record stock-based compensation expense only for
those awards that are expected to vest. See Note 12 for further discussion on stock-based
compensation.
Operating leases
The Company leases office space under operating lease agreements with initial lease term up to
three years. Rental expense is recognized from the date of initial possession of the leased
property on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Certain lease agreements contain rent
holidays, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease renewal periods
are considered on a lease-by-lease basis and are generally not included in the initial lease term.
Income taxes
Income taxes. Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability approach. Under
this approach, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for
the current year. In addition, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for expected
future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of
assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The Company records
a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount for which realization is more
likely than not.
Uncertain tax positions. To assess uncertain tax positions, the Company applies a more likely
than not threshold and a two-step approach for the tax position measurement and financial statement
recognition. Under the two-step approach, the first step is to evaluate the tax position for
recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely
than not that the position will be sustained, including resolution of related appeals or litigation
processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more
than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement.
Foreign currency
The Companys reporting currency and functional currency are the U.S. dollar. The Companys
operations in China and in international regions use their respective currencies as their
functional currencies. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S.
dollars using period-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities and average rates of exchange
in the period for revenues and expenses.
Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss as
a component of shareholders equity. Translation gains or losses are not
released to net income unless the associated net investment has been sold, liquidated, or
substantially liquidated. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange
transactions are included in interest and other income.
F-13
Foreign currency translation adjustments to the Companys comprehensive income
(loss) for 2010, 2009 and 2008 were $10.6 million, $0.2 million and $19.6 million, respectively.
The Company recorded a net foreign currency transaction gain of $1.3 million in 2010, a net foreign
currency transaction loss of $0.1 million in 2009, and a net foreign currency transaction gain of
$3.3 million in 2008. The net foreign currency transaction gain in 2008 and 2010 were resulted
from the Chinese RMB appreciating against the U.S. dollar.
Net income (loss) per share
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary
shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed using the
weighted average number of ordinary share and ordinary share equivalents outstanding during the
period. Ordinary share equivalents include options to purchase ordinary shares and restricted share
units, and conversion of zero-coupon, convertible, subordinated notes, unless they were
anti-dilutive.
Comprehensive income (loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a company during a period
from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from
investments from owners and distributions to owners. Comprehensive income (loss) for the periods
presented includes net income (loss), foreign currency translation adjustments, share of change in
other comprehensive income of CRIC one quarter in arrears, which are foreign currency translation
adjustments, and unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities classified as available-for-sale.
Nonmonetary transaction
We account for nonmonetary transaction based on ASC 845-10 Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets,
which requires the assets exchanged to be based on fair value unless one of the three conditions is
met: (1) the fair value of the asset relinquished or received cannot be determined (within
reasonable limits), (2) there is an exchange of inventory for inventory that will be sold in the
same line of business to facilitate sales to customers, or (3) the transaction lacks commercial
substance. The determination of fair value requires significant judgment in estimates and
assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the calculation of
the fair value.
Disposal of business
We account for the disposal of a business by recognizing a gain or loss measured as the
difference between (a) the aggregate of (1) the fair value of any consideration received, (2) the
fair value of any retained noncontrolling investment in the former business at the date the
business is deconsolidated and (3) the carrying amount of any noncontrolling interest in the former
business (including any accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the
noncontrolling interest) at the date the business is deconsolidated; and (b) the carrying amount of
the former businesss assets and liabilities. The determination of fair value requires significant
judgment in estimates and assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially
affect the calculation of the fair value.
Recent accounting pronouncements
In October 2009, the FASB issued new guidance on revenue recognition for arrangements with
multiple deliverables and certain revenue arrangements that include software elements. By providing
another alternative for determining the selling price of deliverables, the guidance for
arrangements with multiple deliverables will allow companies to allocate arrangement consideration
in multiple deliverable arrangements in a manner that better reflects the transactions economics
and will often result in earlier revenue recognition. The new guidance modifies the fair value
requirements of previous guidance by allowing best estimate of selling price in addition to
vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) and other vendor objective evidence (VOE, now
referred to as TPE standing for third-party evidence) for determining the selling price of a
deliverable. A vendor is now required to use its best estimate of the selling price when VSOE or
TPE of the selling price cannot be determined. In addition, the residual method of allocating
arrangement consideration is no longer permitted under the new guidance. The new guidance for
certain revenue arrangements that include software elements removes non-software components of
tangible products and certain software components of tangible products from the scope of existing
software revenue guidance, resulting in the recognition of revenue similar to that for other
tangible products. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after June 15,
2010. We do not expect adoption of the new guidance will have material
impact on the consolidated financial statement.
In December 2010, the FASB issued revised guidance on When to Perform Step 2 of the Goodwill
Impairment Test for Reporting Units with Zero or Negative Carrying Amounts. The revised guidance
specifies that an entity with reporting units that have carrying amounts that are zero or negative is required to assess whether it is more
likely than not that the reporting units goodwill is impaired.
F-14
If the entity determines that it
is more likely than not that the goodwill of one or more of its reporting units is impaired, the
entity should perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test for those reporting unit(s). Any
resulting goodwill impairment should be recorded as a cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning
retained earnings in the period adoption. Any goodwill impairments occurring after the initial
adoption of the revised guidance should be included in earnings as required by Section 350-20-35.
The revised guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years,
beginning after December 15, 2010. We do not expect adoption of the new guidance will
have material impact on the consolidated financial statement.
In December 2010, the FASB issued revised guidance on the Disclosure of Supplementary Pro
Forma Information for Business Combinations. The revised guidance specifies that if a public
entity presents comparative financial statements, the entity should disclose revenue and earnings
of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the current year
had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. The revised
guidance also expands the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature
and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business
combination included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings. The revised guidance is
effective prospectively for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the
beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after
December 15, 2010. We do not expect adoption of
the new guidance will have material impact on the consolidated financial statement.
3. Equity Investments
Equity investments comprised of investments in publicly traded companies including CRIC and
other privately-held companies. The following sets forth the changes in the Companys equity
investments.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CRIC |
|
|
Others |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Balance at December 31, 2008 |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Investments made |
|
|
572,000 |
|
|
|
8,606 |
|
|
|
580,606 |
|
Balance at December 31, 2009 |
|
$ |
572,000 |
|
|
$ |
8,606 |
|
|
$ |
580,606 |
|
Investments made |
|
|
8,929 |
|
|
|
32,641 |
|
|
|
41,570 |
|
Income (loss) from investment |
|
|
13,066 |
|
|
|
(462 |
) |
|
|
12,604 |
|
Write down on investment |
|
|
(128,554 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(128,554 |
) |
Others |
|
|
1,019 |
|
|
|
868 |
|
|
|
1,887 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2010 |
|
$ |
466,460 |
|
|
$ |
41,653 |
|
|
$ |
508,113 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity Investment in CRIC
In April 2008, the Company restructured its real estate and home decoration channels and
related business into a new subsidiary, COHT, and sold 34% interest to eHouse (China) Holdings
Limited (E-House), in exchange for a payment of $2.5 million in cash and a 10-year exclusive
license for business-to-consumer usage of E-Houses CRIC database to COHT. The operating results of
COHT were subsequently consolidated.
In July 2009, the Company entered into a definitive agreement (the Agreement) with E-House
to merge E-Houses real estate information and consulting services and COHT (the Transaction).
E-Houses real estate information and consulting services are operated by CRIC, a subsidiary of
E-House. Under the Agreement, SINA would contribute its online real estate business into its
majority-owned subsidiary COHT, and CRIC would issue its own ordinary shares to SINA to acquire
SINAs equity interest in COHT in exchange for shares in CRIC. In September 2009, the Company
entered into an amended and restated advertising agency agreement, a domain name and content
license agreement, a trademark license agreement and a software license and support services
agreement (the License Agreements) with COHT as part of its consideration for the interest in
CRIC. In October 2009, the
Transaction was consummated following the listing of CRIC on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
The Companys interest in CRIC was valued at $572.0 million based on CRICs IPO price of $12.00 per American depositary share.
On CRICs IPO date, the fair value of 66% equity interest in COHT was $384.6 million which was determined
by management with the assistance of a valuation consultant.
Netting the value of the corresponding shares of the net assets of COHT amounted to $8.0 million
(including cash and cash equivalents of $7.6 million and other total assets of $11.9 million, net
of total liabilities of $11.5 million), the Company recorded a one-time gain of $376.6 million
resulting from the Transaction.
The amount allocated to the fair value of the License Agreements was $187.4 million, which
represents the difference between the total consideration and the fair value of equity interests of
COHT disposed. This amount was recorded as deferred revenue and amortized over the
contract term of ten years. Please refer to Note 7 for further details.
Beginning October 1, 2009, the Company no longer consolidates the financial results of COHT
and instead accounts for its interest in CRIC using the equity method of accounting. To enable the
Company to have more time to collect and analyze CRICs results, the Company reports its interest
in CRIC one quarter in arrears. In accordance with this lag reporting for its investment in
CRIC, the Company did not record any equity income from CRIC for 2009. During 2010, the
Company acquired an additional $8.9 million interest in CRIC in the open market, bringing its total
ownership to approximately 34% as of December 31, 2010.
F-15
In the fourth quarter of 2010, based on an assessment of other-than-temporary impairment, the
Company recorded a $128.6 million charge to write down the investment in CRIC to its fair value.
The Company determined the fair value of its investment in CRIC as of December 31, 2010, based on
CRICs quoted closing stock price of $9.60. The investment was accounted for using the equity
method with the cost allocated as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Carrying value of investment in CRIC |
|
$ |
466,460 |
|
Proportionate share of CRICs shareholders equity |
|
|
329,034 |
|
|
|
|
|
Excess of carrying value of investment over proportionate share of CRICs shareholders equity |
|
$ |
137,426 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to: |
|
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
$ |
111,938 |
|
Amortizable intangible assets *(1) |
|
|
33,856 |
|
Deferred tax liabilities |
|
|
(8,368 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
137,426 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative earnings in equity interest |
|
$ |
13,066 |
|
|
|
|
*(1) |
|
The weighted average life of the intangible assets recorded in CRICs financial statements is
10 years and the intangible assets not included in CRICs financial statements, excluding the asset
with indefinite life is 7 years. |
Other equity investments
As of December 31, 2010, other equity investments totaled $41.7 million, of which $39.3
million in privately-held companies and $2.4 million in marketable securities. Investments over
which the Company had significant influence and were accounted for under the equity method totaled
$8.0 million. Investments over which the Company had no significant influence or interest in which
were not considered in substance common shares and, thus, were accounted for under cost method
totaled $31.3 million.
The Company is required to perform an impairment assessment of its investments whenever events
or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the investment may not be
fully recoverable. As of December 31, 2010, the Company determined that such events and changes did
not occur and, thus, concluded that there was no impairment to the carrying value of its other
equity investments.
4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The Company acquired Memestar Limited, a British Virgin Islands limited liability corporation
(Memestar) in 2003 and Crillion Corporation, a British Virgin Islands limited liability
corporation (Crillion) in 2004 to enhance its MVAS offerings as well as increase its market share
in the PRC MVAS market. The Company also acquired Davidhill Capital Inc., a British Virgin Islands
limited liability corporation (Davidhill), and its UC instant messaging technology platform in
2004. In 2008, the Company took controlling interest in a privately-held web-application
development firm. The following table summarizes goodwill by segment from these acquisitions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advertising |
|
|
MVAS |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Balances at December 31, 2008 |
|
$ |
15,159 |
|
|
$ |
68,891 |
|
|
$ |
84,050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balances at December 31, 2009 |
|
$ |
15,159 |
|
|
$ |
68,891 |
|
|
$ |
84,050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balances at December 31, 2010 |
|
$ |
15,159 |
|
|
$ |
68,891 |
|
|
$ |
84,050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company is required to perform an impairment assessment of its goodwill on an annual basis
or when facts and circumstances warrant a review. The Company performed an impairment assessment
related to goodwill arising from its acquisitions as of December 31, 2010 and concluded that there
was no impairment to the carrying value of the goodwill.
The following table summarized the Companys intangible assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2010 |
|
|
December 31, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost |
|
|
Amortization |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Cost |
|
|
Amortization |
|
|
Net |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Technology* |
|
$ |
11,012 |
|
|
$ |
(10,567 |
) |
|
$ |
445 |
|
|
$ |
10,300 |
|
|
$ |
(7,854 |
) |
|
$ |
2,446 |
|
Software* |
|
|
1,844 |
|
|
|
(1,536 |
) |
|
|
308 |
|
|
|
1,844 |
|
|
|
(922 |
) |
|
|
922 |
|
Other |
|
|
775 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
771 |
|
|
|
322 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
322 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
13,631 |
|
|
$ |
(12,107 |
) |
|
$ |
1,524 |
|
|
$ |
12,466 |
|
|
$ |
(8,776 |
) |
|
$ |
3,690 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Intangible assets are amortized over the estimated useful lives in the range of two to ten
years. |
F-16
Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $3.3 million, $4.4 million and $1.6
million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. As of December 31,
2010, estimated amortization expenses for future periods are expected to be as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
(In thousands) |
|
2011 |
|
$ |
709 |
|
2012 |
|
|
134 |
|
2013 |
|
|
45 |
|
2014 |
|
|
45 |
|
Thereafter |
|
|
269 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total expected amortization expense |
|
$ |
1,202 |
|
|
|
|
|
5. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Cash and cash equivalents: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash |
|
$ |
219,017 |
|
|
$ |
118,074 |
|
Cash equivalents: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bank time deposits |
|
|
198,093 |
|
|
|
160,027 |
|
Money market funds |
|
|
226,509 |
|
|
|
468,322 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
424,602 |
|
|
|
628,349 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
643,619 |
|
|
|
746,423 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Short-term investments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bank time deposits |
|
|
239,216 |
|
|
|
75,095 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |
|
$ |
882,835 |
|
|
$ |
821,518 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The carrying amounts of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments approximate fair values.
Interest income for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $7.4 million, $8.4 million
and $15.4 million, respectively.
6. Balance Sheet Components
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Accounts receivable, net: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable |
|
$ |
99,105 |
|
|
$ |
83,790 |
|
Allowance for doubtful accounts: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of year |
|
|
(8,791 |
) |
|
|
(9,146 |
) |
Disposal of COHT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,440 |
|
Additional provision charged to expenses |
|
|
(1,239 |
) |
|
|
(5,269 |
) |
Recoveries, net of write-off |
|
|
768 |
|
|
|
3,184 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at end of year |
|
|
(9,262 |
) |
|
|
(8,791 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
89,843 |
|
|
$ |
74,999 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Content fees |
|
$ |
5,057 |
|
|
$ |
3,445 |
|
Rental and other deposits |
|
|
5,521 |
|
|
|
6,222 |
|
Prepayments for investments |
|
|
21,978 |
|
|
|
7,680 |
|
Others |
|
|
3,425 |
|
|
|
5,034 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
35,981 |
|
|
$ |
22,381 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property and equipment, net: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Computers and equipment |
|
$ |
95,170 |
|
|
$ |
74,856 |
|
Leasehold improvements |
|
|
6,199 |
|
|
|
4,819 |
|
Furniture and fixtures |
|
|
5,155 |
|
|
|
3,916 |
|
Other |
|
|
1,586 |
|
|
|
1,469 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
108,110 |
|
|
|
85,060 |
|
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
|
|
(74,821 |
) |
|
|
(62,038 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
33,289 |
|
|
$ |
23,022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales rebates |
|
$ |
18,744 |
|
|
$ |
16,197 |
|
Content fees |
|
|
17,430 |
|
|
|
14,850 |
|
Accrued compensation and benefits |
|
|
11,887 |
|
|
|
9,284 |
|
Marketing expenses |
|
|
11,232 |
|
|
|
8,598 |
|
Employee payroll withholding tax |
|
|
3,196 |
|
|
|
8,717 |
|
Advertisement production cost |
|
|
7,269 |
|
|
|
3,739 |
|
Business taxes payable |
|
|
8,044 |
|
|
|
4,707 |
|
Sales commission |
|
|
4,676 |
|
|
|
3,631 |
|
Professional fees |
|
|
3,083 |
|
|
|
3,337 |
|
Internet connection costs |
|
|
3,479 |
|
|
|
3,083 |
|
Others |
|
|
7,152 |
|
|
|
5,569 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
96,192 |
|
|
$ |
81,712 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-17
7. Related Party Transactions
Based on the amended and restated advertising agency agreements
with CRIC, agency fees earned
from COHT for 2010 and 2009, calculated at 15% of COHTs revenue generated from the sales of
advertising on SINAs non-real estate channels, were $2.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, receivables due from COHT were $2.0 million and $6.1 million,
respectively. In addition, the Company entered into certain license
agreements at the time of the transaction with CRIC. The fair
value of these license agreements were measured at $187.4 million and was recognized as deferred
revenue and amortized on a straight line basis over the contract
period of ten years. The amortized deferred revenue for 2010 and 2009 were $18.7 million and $4.7
million, respectively.
In September 2009, the
Company entered into a definitive agreement for a private equity placement of its ordinary shares with
New-Wave Investment Holding Company Limited (New-Wave), a British Virgin Islands company
established and controlled by Charles Chao, the Companys Chief Executive
Officer, and other members of the Companys management.
In November 2009, 5,608,612 ordinary shares were issued to New-Wave for the aggregate consideration of $180 million.
This transaction resulted in a $10.7 million of stock-based compensation
expense. See Note 12 to Consolidated Financial statements.
Revenues from related parties, excluding those with CRIC stated above, represented
approximately 1% of net advertising revenues for 2010. Transactions with related parties included
in costs of revenue represented approximately 1% of total costs of revenue for 2010 and in sales
and marketing expenses represented approximately 2% of total sales and marketing expenses.
Management believes that the terms of the agreements with the related parties are comparable to the
terms in arms-length transactions with third-party customers and vendors.
One of the Companys subsidiaries entered into an agreement with Broadvision Inc.
(Broadvision) whose Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President Pehong Chen is a director of
SINA. Under this agreement, Broadvision provides HR information management hosting service,
including software subscription, system upgrade and technical support. For 2010, 2009 and 2008,
the Company paid Broadvision approximately $112,000, $114,000 and $72,000, respectively. There was
no payable outstanding as of December 31, 2010.
8. Income Taxes
The
Company is registered in the Cayman Islands and has operations in
four tax jurisdictions
the PRC, the U.S., Hong Kong and Taiwan. The operations in Taiwan represent a branch office of the
subsidiary in the U.S. For operations in the U.S, Hong Kong and Taiwan, the Company has incurred
net accumulated operating losses for income tax purposes. The Company believes that it is more
likely than not that these net accumulated operating losses will not be utilized in the future.
Therefore, the Company has provided full valuation allowance for the deferred tax assets arising
from the losses at these locations as of December 31, 2010. The Company generated substantially all
of its income from its PRC operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, and has
recorded income tax provisions for these years. For the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, the
Companys Cayman Islands operations recorded an impairment charge of $128.6 million related to its
investment in CRIC and a one-time gain of $376.6 million in connection with the Transaction,
respectively. See Note 3.
The components of income before income taxes are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
(In thousands, except percentage) |
|
Income (loss) before income tax expenses |
|
$ |
(10,903 |
) |
|
$ |
420,628 |
|
|
$ |
95,209 |
|
Income (loss) from non China operations |
|
$ |
(119,054 |
) |
|
$ |
338,738 |
|
|
$ |
(12,938 |
) |
Income from China operations |
|
$ |
108,151 |
|
|
$ |
81,890 |
|
|
$ |
108,147 |
|
Income tax expenses applicable to China operations |
|
$ |
8,436 |
|
|
$ |
8,323 |
|
|
$ |
14,042 |
|
Effective tax rate for China operations |
|
|
8 |
% |
|
|
10 |
% |
|
|
13 |
% |
F-18
Cayman Islands
Under the current tax laws of Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on income or
capital gain. In addition, upon payments of dividends by the Company to its shareholders, no Cayman
Islands withholding tax will be imposed.
China
Prior to January 1, 2008, the Companys subsidiaries and variable interest enterprises
(VIEs) were governed by the previous Income Tax Law (the Previous IT Law) of China. Under the
Previous IT Law, the Companys subsidiaries and VIEs were generally subjected to enterprise income
taxes at a statutory rate of 33% (30% state income tax plus 3% local income tax) or 15% for
qualified high and new technology enterprises. In addition to a preferential statutory rate, some
of the Companys high and new technology subsidiaries were entitled to special tax holidays of
three-year tax exemption followed by three years at a 50% reduction in the tax rate, commencing the
first operating year.
Effective January 1, 2008, the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the EIT Law) in China
supersedes the Previous IT Law and unifies the enterprise income tax rate for VIEs and
foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) at 25%. The EIT Law provides a five-year transitional period
for certain entities that enjoyed a favorable income tax rate of less than 25% and/or a
preferential tax holiday under the Previous IT Law and were established before March 16, 2007, to
gradually increase their rates to 25%. In addition, high and new technology enterprises continue to
enjoy a preferential tax rate of 15%. The EIT Law also provides grandfather treatment for high and
new technology enterprises that received special tax holidays under the Previous IT Law to continue
to enjoy their tax holidays until expiration provided that specific conditions are met. Three of
the Companys subsidiaries in China, SINA.com Technology (China) Co. Ltd., SINA Technology (China)
Co. Ltd. and Beijing New Media Information Technology Co. Ltd., were qualified as high and new
technology enterprises under the new EIT Law. In addition, SINA (Shanghai) Management Co., Ltd.,
was qualified a software enterprise in 2010 and is
exempted from income tax for two years from 2010 and is entitled to a preferential tax rate of
12.5% for three years from thereafter.
The EIT Law also provides that
an enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country
or region but whose de facto management body is located in the PRC be treated as a resident
enterprise for PRC tax purposes and consequently be subject to the PRC income tax at the rate of
25% for its global income. The Implementing Rules of the EIT Law merely define the location of the
de facto management body as the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall
management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, properties,
etc., of a non-PRC company is located. Based on a review of surrounding facts and circumstances,
the Company does not believe that it is likely that its operations outside of the PRC should be
considered a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, due to limited guidance and
implementation history of the EIT Law, should SINA be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax
purposes, the Company will be subject to PRC tax on worldwide income at a uniform tax rate of 25%
retroactive to January 1, 2008.
The EIT Law also imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by an FIE to
its immediate holding company outside of China, if such immediate holding company is considered as
a non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received
dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company
within China, unless such immediate holding companys jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax
treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. Such withholding income
tax was exempted under the Previous IT Law. The Cayman Islands, where the Company incorporated,
does not have such tax treaty with China. According to the arrangement between Mainland China and
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of
Fiscal Evasion in August 2006, dividends paid by an FIE in China to its immediate holding company
in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5% (if the foreign
investor owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the FIE).
The State Administration of Taxation further promulgated a circular, or Circular 601, on October
27, 2009, which provides that tax treaty benefits will be denied to conduit or shell companies
without business substance and that a beneficial ownership analysis will be used based on a
substance-over-form principle to determine whether or not to grant the tax treaty benefits.
A majority of the Companys FIEs
operations in China are invested and held by Hong Kong registered entities.
If we are regarded as a non-resident enterprise and our Hong Kong subsidiaries are regarded as
resident enterprises, then our Hong Kong subsidiaries may be required to pay a 10% withholding tax
on any dividends payable to us. If our Hong Kong entities are regarded as non-resident enterprises,
then our PRC subsidiaries may be required to pay a 5% withholding tax for any dividends payable to
our Hong Kong subsidiaries, however, it is still unclear at this stage whether Circular 601 applies
to dividends from our PRC subsidiaries paid to our Hong Kong subsidiaries and if our Hong Kong
subsidiaries were not considered as beneficial owners of any dividends from their PRC
subsidiaries, the dividends payable to our Hong Kong subsidiaries would be subject to withholding
tax at a rate of 10%.
In accordance with
accounting guidance, all undistributed earnings are presumed to be transferred to the parent
company and are subject to the withholding taxes. Based on the subsequently issued interpretation
of the EIT, Article 4 of Cai Shui (2008) Circular No. 1, dividends on earnings prior to 2008 but
distributed after 2008 are not subject to withholding income tax. The current policy approved by
the Companys Board allows the Company to distribute PRC earnings offshore only if the Company does
not have to pay a dividend tax. Such policy may require the Company to reinvest all earnings made
since 2008 onshore indefinitely or be subject to a significant withholding tax should its policy
change to allow for earnings distribution offshore. As of December 31, 2010, the Company did not
record any withholding tax on the retained earnings of its FIEs in the PRC as the Company intends
to reinvest its earnings to further expand its business in China, and its FIEs do not intend to
declare dividends on the retained earnings made since 2008 to their immediate foreign holding
companies.
The Companys VIEs are wholly owned by the Companys employees and controlled by the Company
through various contractual agreements. To the extent that these VIEs have undistributed earnings,
the Company will accrue appropriate expected tax associated with repatriation of such undistributed
earnings.
F-19
In December 2009, the State Administration of Tax in China issued a circular on strengthening
the management of proceeds from equity transfers by non-China tax resident enterprises and requires
foreign entities to report indirect sales of China tax resident enterprises. If the existence of
the overseas intermediary holding company is disregarded due to lack of reasonable business purpose
or substance, gains on such sale are subject to PRC withholding tax. The Company believes that
there was reasonable business purpose for the merger of COHT with CRIC, which was to realize the
business synergy created by the merger to form a real estate information services platform both
online and offline with diversified revenue streams, serving both real estate businesses and
consumers. The simultaneous initial public offering allowed the combined company to raise
additional capital to fund its future growth. Due to limited guidance and implementation history of
the circular, significant judgment is required in the determination of a reasonable business
purpose for an equity transfer by our non-China tax resident entity by considering factors,
including but not limited to, the form and substance of the arrangement, time of establishment of
the foreign entity, relationship between each step of the arrangement, relationship between each
component of the arrangement, implementation of the arrangement and the changes in the financial
position of all parties involved in the transaction. Although the Company believes that it is more
likely than not the said transaction would be determined as one with a reasonable business purpose,
should this not be the case, the Company would be subject to a significant withholding tax that
could materially and adversely impact its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Composition of income tax expenses for China operations
The following table sets forth current and deferred portion of income tax expenses of the
Companys China subsidiaries and VIEs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Current tax provision |
|
$ |
9,142 |
|
|
$ |
7,093 |
|
|
$ |
14,098 |
|
Deferred tax (benefits) provision |
|
|
(706 |
) |
|
|
1,230 |
|
|
|
(56 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax expenses |
|
$ |
8,436 |
|
|
$ |
8,323 |
|
|
$ |
14,042 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation of the differences between statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate for China
operations
The following table sets forth reconciliation between the statutory EIT rate and the effective
tax rate for China operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2010 |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
Statutory EIT rate |
|
|
25 |
% |
|
|
25 |
% |
|
|
25 |
% |
Effect on tax holiday, preferential tax rate and dividend tax on VIEs undistributed earnings, net |
|
|
(18 |
)% |
|
|
(17 |
)% |
|
|
(13 |
)% |
Permanent differences |
|
|
1 |
% |
|
|
1 |
% |
|
|
1 |
% |
Change in valuation allowance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effective tax rate for China operations |
|
|
8 |
% |
|
|
10 |
% |
|
|
13 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The provisions for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 differ
from the amounts computed by applying the EIT primarily due to the tax holidays and the
preferential tax rate enjoyed by certain of the Companys entities in the PRC. The lower effective
tax rate of the Companys PRC operations for 2010 as compared to 2009 was primarily due to
additional tax holiday received from a newly qualified subsidiary in Shanghai.
The following table sets forth the effect of tax holiday on China operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2010 |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
|
(In thousands, except per share amount) |
Tax holiday effect |
|
$ |
20,303 |
|
|
$ |
13,422 |
|
|
$ |
16,146 |
|
Basic net income (loss) per share effect |
|
$ |
0.33 |
|
|
$ |
0.25 |
|
|
$ |
0.29 |
|
Diluted net income (loss) per share effect |
|
$ |
0.33 |
|
|
$ |
0.23 |
|
|
$ |
0.27 |
|
F-20
The following table sets forth the significant components of deferred tax assets and
liabilities for China operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Deferred tax assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating loss carryforwards |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
669 |
|
Allowances for doubtful accounts, accruals and other liabilities |
|
|
5,596 |
|
|
|
4,313 |
|
|
|
5,159 |
|
Depreciation |
|
|
202 |
|
|
|
218 |
|
|
|
1,736 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax assets |
|
|
5,798 |
|
|
|
4,531 |
|
|
|
7,564 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: valuation allowance |
|
|
(4,787 |
) |
|
|
(4,259 |
) |
|
|
(6,252 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax assets |
|
$ |
1,011 |
|
|
$ |
272 |
|
|
$ |
1,312 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation |
|
|
(223 |
) |
|
|
(190 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax liabilities |
|
$ |
(223 |
) |
|
$ |
(190 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax assets when the Company determines that
it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be utilized in the future. In
making such determination, the Company considered factors including (i) future reversals of
existing taxable temporary differences; (ii) future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary
differences and carryforwards; and (iii) tax planning strategies. Historically, deferred tax assets
were valued using the previous statutory rate of 25% or applicable preferential rates.
U.S.
As of December 31, 2010, the Companys subsidiary in the U.S. had approximately $82.3 million
of federal and $33.8 million of state net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future
taxable income. The federal net operating loss carryforwards will expire, if unused, in the years
ending June 30, 2011 through December 31, 2030, and the state net operating loss carryforwards will
expire, if unused, in the years ending June 30, 2011 through December 31, 2020. Included in the net
operating loss carryforwards were $36.1 million and $23.3 million of federal and state net
operating loss carryforwards relating to employee stock options, the benefit of which will be
credited to equity when realized. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 limits the use of net operating loss
and tax credit carryforwards in certain situations when changes occur in the stock ownership of a
company. In the event the Company has a change in ownership, utilization of carryforwards could be
restricted. The deferred tax assets for the U.S. subsidiary at December 31, 2010 consists mainly of
net operating loss carryforwards for which a full valuation allowance has been provided, as the
management believes it is more likely than not that these assets will not be realized in the
future.
The following table sets forth the significant components of the net deferred tax assets for
operation in the U.S.:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Deferred tax assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating loss carryforwards |
|
$ |
30,327 |
|
|
$ |
30,372 |
|
|
$ |
30,013 |
|
Other tax credits, allowances for doubtful accounts, accruals and other liabilities |
|
|
503 |
|
|
|
512 |
|
|
|
425 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax assets |
|
|
30,830 |
|
|
|
30,884 |
|
|
|
30,438 |
|
Less: valuation allowance |
|
|
(30,830 |
) |
|
|
(30,884 |
) |
|
|
(30,438 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hong Kong
As of December 31, 2010, the Companys Hong Kong subsidiary had approximately $15.7 million of
net operating loss carryforwards which can be carried forward indefinitely to offset future taxable
income. As of December 31, 2010, the deferred tax assets for the Hong Kong subsidiary, consists
mainly of net operating loss carryforwards, for which a full valuation allowance has been provided.
Management believes it is more likely than not that these assets will not be realized in the
future.
The following table sets forth the significant components of the net deferred tax assets for
Hong Kong operation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Deferred tax assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating loss carryforwards |
|
$ |
2,584 |
|
|
$ |
2,523 |
|
|
$ |
2,360 |
|
Less: valuation allowance |
|
|
(2,584 |
) |
|
|
(2,523 |
) |
|
|
(2,360 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-21
Aggregate net deferred tax assets
The following table sets forth the significant components of the aggregate deferred tax assets
and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Deferred tax assets included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating loss carryforwards |
|
$ |
32,911 |
|
|
$ |
32,895 |
|
|
$ |
33,042 |
|
Allowances for doubtful accounts, accruals and other liabilities |
|
|
5,753 |
|
|
|
4,479 |
|
|
|
5,238 |
|
Depreciation |
|
|
202 |
|
|
|
218 |
|
|
|
1,736 |
|
Other tax credits |
|
|
346 |
|
|
|
346 |
|
|
|
346 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax assets |
|
|
39,212 |
|
|
|
37,938 |
|
|
|
40,362 |
|
Less: valuation allowance |
|
|
(38,201 |
) |
|
|
(37,666 |
) |
|
|
(39,050 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax assets |
|
$ |
1,011 |
|
|
$ |
272 |
|
|
$ |
1,312 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities included in accrued liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation |
|
$ |
(223 |
) |
|
$ |
(190 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax liabilities |
|
$ |
(223 |
) |
|
$ |
(190 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9. Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of the
ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed
using the weighted average number of ordinary shares and ordinary share equivalents outstanding
during the period. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, options to purchase
ordinary shares, restricted share units and convertible bond that were anti-dilutive and excluded
from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share were
approximately 4,814,000, 889,000
and 644,000, respectively.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per
share for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |
|
Basic net income per share calculation: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Numerator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) attributable to SINA |
|
$ |
(19,094 |
) |
|
$ |
411,895 |
|
|
$ |
80,638 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding |
|
|
61,216 |
|
|
|
54,722 |
|
|
|
55,821 |
|
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to SINA |
|
$ |
(0.31 |
) |
|
$ |
7.53 |
|
|
$ |
1.44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted net income per share calculation: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Numerator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) attributable to SINA |
|
$ |
(19,094 |
) |
|
$ |
411,895 |
|
|
$ |
80,638 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding |
|
|
61,216 |
|
|
|
54,722 |
|
|
|
55,821 |
|
Weighted average ordinary shares equivalents: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
426 |
|
|
|
770 |
|
Unvested restricted shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
272 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
Convertible debt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,839 |
|
|
|
3,839 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares used in computing diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to SINA |
|
|
61,216 |
|
|
|
59,259 |
|
|
|
60,474 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to SINA |
|
$ |
(0.31 |
) |
|
$ |
6.95 |
|
|
$ |
1.33 |
|
10. Employee Benefit Plans
China Contribution Plan
The Companys subsidiaries and VIEs in China participate in a government-mandated,
multi-employer, defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain retirement, medical, housing
and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor laws require the Companys
subsidiary to pay to the local labor bureau a monthly contribution at a stated contribution rate
based
F-22
on the monthly basic compensation of qualified employees. The local labor bureau is
responsible for meeting all retirement benefit obligations; the Company has no further commitments
beyond its monthly contribution. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, the Company
contributed a total of $12.2 million, $10.8 million, $9.5 million, respectively.
401(k) Savings Plan
The Companys U.S. subsidiary has a savings plan that qualifies as a deferred salary
arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (the 401(k) Plan). Under the 401(k)
Plan, participating employees may defer 100% of their eligible pretax earnings up to the Internal
Revenue Services annual contribution limit. All employees on the U.S. payroll of the Company age
21 years or older are eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan. The Company has not been required
to contribute to the 401(k) Plan.
11. Profit Appropriation
The Companys subsidiaries and VIEs in China are required to make appropriations to certain
non-distributable reserve funds. In accordance with the laws applicable to Chinas FIEs, its
subsidiaries have to make appropriations from its after-tax profit (as determined under Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles in the PRC (PRC GAAP) to non-distributable reserve funds
including (i) general reserve fund, (ii) enterprise expansion fund and (iii) staff bonus and
welfare fund. General reserve fund is at least 10% of the after-tax profits calculated in
accordance with the PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the reserve fund has reached 50% of
the registered capital of the respective company. The appropriation of the other two reserve funds
is at the Companys discretion. At the same time, the Companys VIEs, in accordance with the China
Company Laws, must make appropriations from its after-tax profit (as determined under the PRC GAAP) to
non-distributable reserve funds including (i) statutory surplus fund, (ii) statutory public welfare
fund and (iii) discretionary surplus fund. Statutory surplus fund is at least 10% of the after-tax
profits calculated in accordance with the PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the reserve
fund has reached 50% of the registered capital of the respective company. Appropriation to the
statutory public welfare fund is 5% to 10% of the after-tax profits calculated in accordance with
the PRC GAAP. Effective January 1, 2006 under the revised China Company Laws, appropriation to the
statutory public welfare fund is no longer mandatory. Appropriation to discretionary surplus fund
is made at the discretion of the Company.
General reserve fund and statutory surplus fund are restricted for set off against losses,
expansion of production and operation or increase in register capital of the respective company.
Statutory public welfare fund is restricted to the capital expenditures for the collective welfare
of employees. These reserves are not transferable to the Company in the form of cash dividends,
loans or advances. These reserves are therefore not available for distribution except in
liquidation. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company was subject to a maximum appropriation
of $15.4 million and $12.8 million, respectively, to these non-distributable reserve funds.
12. Shareholders Equity
Stockholder Rights Plan
In 2005, the Company put in place a Rights Plan to protect the best interests of all
shareholders. In general, the Plan vests stockholders of SINA with rights to purchase ordinary
shares of the Company at a substantial discount from those securities fair market value upon a
person or group acquiring, without the approval of the Board of Directors, more than 10% of the
Companys ordinary shares. Any person or group who triggers the purchase right distribution becomes
ineligible to participate in the Plan, causing substantial dilution of such person or groups
holdings. The rights will expire on February 22, 2015.
In addition, the Companys Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by its
shareholders, to issue up to 3,750,000 preference shares in one or more series and to fix the
powers and rights of these shares, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights,
terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights
associated with its ordinary shares. Preference shares could thus be issued quickly with terms
calculated to delay or prevent a change in control or make removal of management more difficult.
Similarly, the Board of Directors may approve the issuance of debentures convertible into voting
shares, which may limit the ability of others to acquire control of the Company.
Repurchase program
In the fourth quarter of 2008, the Board authorized, but did not obligate, the Company to
repurchase of up to $100 million of the Companys ordinary shares on an opportunistic basis. Stock
repurchases under this program may be made through open market purchases, in negotiated
transactions off the market, in block trades pursuant to a 10b5-1 plan, which would give a third
party independent discretion to make purchases of the Companys ordinary shares, or otherwise and
in such amounts as management deems appropriate. No shares had been repurchased as of December 31,
2008. In 2009, the Company had repurchased an aggregate of 2,454,956 shares in the open market, at an average price of $20.37
for a total consideration of $50.0 million.
F-23
The repurchase program expired on December 31, 2009.
The repurchased shares were canceled in November 2009.
Private equity placement with New-Wave
In September 2009, the Company entered into a definitive agreement for a private equity
placement of its ordinary shares with New-Wave, a British Virgin Islands company established and
controlled by Charles Chao, the Companys Chief Executive Officer, and other members of the
Companys management. Investors in New-Wave include certain key managers and employees of the
Company, including without limitation, Charles Chao, Herman Yu, Hong Du, Tong Chen and Yan Wang,
and funds managed by CITIC Capital, whose Chief Executive Officer, Yichen Zhang, is a director of
the Company. In November 2009, 5,608,612 ordinary shares were issued to New-Wave for the aggregate
consideration of $180 million. The key managers and employees who have invested in New-Wave cannot
effect a distribution of the Companys ordinary shares underlying their shareholding interest in
New-Wave unless the holders of more than 50% of New-Waves ordinary shares have requested such a
distribution and certain other conditions have been satisfied. The shareholding interest in
New-Wave of each of the key managers or employees, other than Charles Chao, corresponds to a number
of the Companys ordinary shares that, when aggregated with all other ordinary shares of the
Company beneficially owned by such key managers or employees (including ordinary shares issuable
upon exercise of options and vesting of restricted share units within 60 days from the date
hereof), is less than one percent of the Companys total issued and outstanding ordinary shares.
The shares issued to New-Wave were subject to a six month
lock-up and have customary registration rights pursuant to a Registration Rights Agreement entered
into between SINA and New-Wave.
Amended and Restated 2007 Share Incentive Plan
On June 29, 2007, the Company adopted the 2007 Share Incentive Plan (the 2007 Plan), which
plan was amended and restated on August 2, 2010 (the Amended and Restated 2007 Plan). The
Amended and Restated 2007 Plan permits the granting of share options, share appreciation rights,
restricted share units and restricted shares. The Amended and Restated 2007 Plan will terminate on
August 1, 2015, unless it is terminated earlier by our Board of Directors. Under the plan, a total
of 10,000,000 ordinary shares of the Company are available for issuance. The maximum number of
ordinary shares available for issuance will be reduced by 1 share for every 1 share issued pursuant
to a share option or share appreciation right and by 1.75 share for every 1 share issued as
restricted shares or pursuant to a restricted shares unit. The maximum number of ordinary shares
that may be granted subject to awards under the Amended and Restated 2007 Plan during any given
fiscal year will be limited to 3% of the total outstanding shares of the Company as of the end of
the immediately preceding fiscal year, plus any shares remaining available under the share pool for
the immediately preceding fiscal year. Share options and share appreciation rights must be granted
with an exercise price of at least 100% of the fair market value on the date of grant. Upon the
adoption of the 2007 Plan on June 29, 2007, the 2007 Plan replaced the existing 1999 Stock Plan,
1999 Executive Stock Option Plan and 1999 Directors Stock Option Plan and, as a result, no
additional awards could be made under such plans. As of December 31, 2010, there were 388,000
options and 538,000 restricted share units outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2007 Plan.
1999 Stock Plan
In May 1999, the Company adopted the 1999 Stock Plan (the 1999 Plan). The 1999 Plan provides for
the granting of stock options to employees, consultants and directors of the Company. Options
granted under the Plan may be either incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options.
Incentive stock options (ISO) may be granted only to Company employees (including officers and
directors who are also employees). Nonqualified stock options (NSO) may be granted to Company
employees and consultants. Options under the Companys 1999 Plan may be granted for a term of up to
ten years and at prices determined by the Board of Directors of the Company, provided, however,
that the exercise price of an ISO shall not be less than 100% of the fair value of the shares on
the date of grant or, if granted to a 10% shareholder, shall not be less than 110% of the fair
value of the shares on the date of grant. The exercise price of an NSO granted to an executive
officer of the Company shall not be less than 100% of the fair value of the shares on the date of
grant if such option is intended to qualify as performance-based compensation under Section 162(m)
of the US Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Options granted under the 1999 Plan generally
vest over a 4-year term. Certain grants are exercisable immediately under such terms and conditions
as determined by the Board of Directors. Ordinary shares issued upon such early exercises are
subject to rights of repurchases by the Company until such shares become fully vested. As of
December 31, 2010, there were a total of 379,000 options outstanding under the 1999 Plan. Upon the
adoption of the 2007 Plan, no additional awards could be made under the 1999 Plan.
1999 Executive Stock Option Plan
In October 1999, the Board adopted the 1999 Executive Stock Option Plan (the Executive
Plan). An aggregate of 2,250,000 ordinary shares have been approved for issuance under the
Executive Plan. The Executive Plan provides for the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares
and ordinary share purchase rights to eligible employees and consultants. There was no option
outstanding under the Executive Plan as of December 31, 2010. Options under Executive Plan may be
granted for a term of up to ten years and at prices determined by the Board of Directors of the
Company, provided, however, that the exercise price of an ISO shall not be less than 100% of the
fair value of the shares on the date of grant or, if granted to a 10% shareholder, shall not be
less than 110% of the fair value of the shares on the date of grant. The exercise price of an NSO
granted to an executive officer of the Company shall not be less than 100% of the fair value of the
shares on the date of grant if such option is intended to qualify as performance-based compensation
under Section 162(m) of the US Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Options granted under the
Executive Plan generally vest over a four-year term. Certain grants are exercisable immediately
under such terms and conditions as determined by the Board of Directors. Ordinary shares issued
upon such early exercises are subject to rights of repurchases by the Company until such shares
become fully vested. Upon the adoption of the 2007 Plan, no additional awards could be made under
the Executive Plan.
F-24
1999 Directors Stock Option Plan
In October 1999, the Board approved the 1999 Directors Stock Option Plan (the Directors
Plan) covering an aggregate of 750,000 ordinary shares. The Directors Plan became effective on
the effective date of the initial public offering and provides a non-employee director after the
completion of the offering (1) a non statutory stock option to purchase 37,500 ordinary shares on
the date on which he or she first becomes a member of the Board of Directors, and (2) an additional
non statutory stock option to purchase 15,000 shares on the date of each annual shareholders
meeting immediately thereafter, if on such date he or she has served on the Board for at least six
months. All options granted under the Directors Plan shall have an exercise price equal to 100% of
the fair value of the shares on the date of grant and shall have a term of 10 years from the date
of grant. All options granted under the Directors Plan vest in full immediately upon grant. On
September 27, 2005, the shareholders of the Company approved an increase to the aggregate number of
ordinary shares issuable under the Directors Plan from 750,000 ordinary shares to 1,125,000
ordinary shares. As of December 31, 2010, 254,000 options were outstanding under the Directors
Plan. Upon the adoption of the 2007 Plan, no additional awards could be made under the Directors
Plan.
Stock-based Compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Included in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costs of revenues |
|
$ |
2,989 |
|
|
$ |
5,400 |
|
|
$ |
3,248 |
|
Sales and marketing |
|
|
2,369 |
|
|
|
5,973 |
|
|
|
2,098 |
|
Product development |
|
|
1,812 |
|
|
|
4,112 |
|
|
|
1,978 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
6,232 |
|
|
|
17,759 |
|
|
|
6,943 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
13,402 |
|
|
$ |
33,244 |
|
|
$ |
14,267 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation expense for 2009 included $10.7 million, which is attributable to the
increase in fair value of the financed shares from the agreement date with New-Wave in September
2009, when the price was set, to the closing date of the private equity financing in November 2009,
the measurement date for accounting purposes. The difference between the fair value of financed
shares beneficially owned by management at the closing date and the amount paid by management set
at the agreement date is deemed as compensation and recorded as stock-based compensation expense.
As of December 31, 2010, there was $17.0 million of unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted
for estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested stock-based awards granted to the Companys
employees and non-employee directors which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6
years. Total unrecognized compensation cost may be adjusted for future changes in estimated
forfeitures.
Valuation of Stock Options
The assumptions used to value the Companys option grants were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2010 |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
Stock options: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected term (in years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.0 |
|
Expected volatility |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46% - 50 |
% |
Risk-free interest rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0% - 2.7 |
% |
Expected dividend yield |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
No option was granted in 2010 and 2009. Expected term represents the weighted average period
of time that stock-based awards granted are expected to be outstanding giving consideration to
historical exercise patterns. The simplified method was used for 2008 due to the lack of industry
comparison. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatilities of the Companys ordinary
shares over the respective expected term of the stock-based awards. Risk-free interest rate is
based on US Treasury zero-coupon issues with maturity terms similar to the expected term on the
stock-based awards. The Company does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable
future.
F-25
The following table sets forth the summary of number of shares available for issuance:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares Available |
|
|
(In thousands) |
December 31, 2008 |
|
|
3,851 |
|
Granted* |
|
|
(2,202 |
) |
Cancelled/expired/forfeited |
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2009 |
|
|
1,744 |
|
Granted* |
|
|
(67 |
) |
Shares added under Amended and Restated 2007 Plan |
|
|
5,000 |
|
Cancelled/expired/forfeited |
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2010 |
|
|
6,742 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
In 2010 and 2009, 38,000 and 1,258,000 restricted shares units, or
67,000 and 2,202,000 equivalent shares, were granted, respectively. |
Summary of Stock Option
The following table sets forth the summary of option activities under the Company stock
option program:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average |
|
|
|
|
Options |
|
Weighted Average |
|
Remaining |
|
Aggregate |
|
|
Outstanding |
|
Exercise Price |
|
Contractual Life |
|
Intrinsic Value |
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
(In years) |
|
(In thousands) |
December 31, 2008 |
|
|
2,835 |
|
|
$ |
25.85 |
|
|
|
4.39 |
|
|
$ |
4,018 |
|
Exercised |
|
|
(1,118 |
) |
|
$ |
23.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cancelled/expired/forfeited |
|
|
(138 |
) |
|
$ |
29.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2009 |
|
|
1,579 |
|
|
$ |
27.30 |
|
|
|
3.68 |
|
|
$ |
28,509 |
|
Exercised |
|
|
(511 |
) |
|
$ |
23.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cancelled/expired/forfeited |
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
$ |
28.94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2010 |
|
|
1,021 |
|
|
$ |
29.34 |
|
|
|
3.06 |
|
|
$ |
40,321 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2009 |
|
|
1,550 |
|
|
$ |
27.17 |
|
|
|
3.68 |
|
|
$ |
28,194 |
|
Exercisable as of December 31, 2009 |
|
|
1,136 |
|
|
$ |
25.34 |
|
|
|
3.65 |
|
|
$ |
22,702 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2010 |
|
|
1,019 |
|
|
$ |
29.33 |
|
|
|
3.06 |
|
|
$ |
40,254 |
|
Exercisable as of December 31, 2010 |
|
|
858 |
|
|
$ |
28.19 |
|
|
|
3.03 |
|
|
$ |
34,846 |
|
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2010 and 2009 was $13.9 million and
$21.6 million, respectively. The intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the market
value on the date of exercise and the exercise price of the shares. Cash received from the
exercises of stock option during 2010 was $12.5 million. As reported by the NASDAQ Global Selected
Market, the Companys ending stock price as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 was $68.82 and $45.18,
respectively.
As of December 31, 2010, there was $3.0 million of unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted
for estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested stock options granted to the Companys employees
and non-employee directors. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period
of 1.3 years. Total unrecognized compensation cost may be adjusted for future changes in estimated
forfeitures.
Information regarding the stock options outstanding at December 31, 2010 is summarized below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
Weighted Average |
|
|
Options |
|
Average |
|
Options |
|
Average |
|
Remaining |
Range of Exercise Prices |
|
Outstanding |
|
Exercise Price |
|
Exercisable |
|
Exercise Price |
|
Contractual Life |
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
(In years) |
$1.32 - $23.17 |
|
|
256 |
|
|
$ |
19.77 |
|
|
|
256 |
|
|
$ |
19.77 |
|
|
|
2.07 |
|
$24.23 - $30.35 |
|
|
284 |
|
|
$ |
25.61 |
|
|
|
284 |
|
|
$ |
25.61 |
|
|
|
3.71 |
|
$33.29 - $33.29 |
|
|
267 |
|
|
$ |
33.29 |
|
|
|
139 |
|
|
$ |
33.29 |
|
|
|
3.19 |
|
$33.68 - $49.95 |
|
|
214 |
|
|
$ |
40.81 |
|
|
|
179 |
|
|
$ |
40.39 |
|
|
|
3.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,021 |
|
|
$ |
29.34 |
|
|
|
858 |
|
|
$ |
28.19 |
|
|
|
3.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-26
Summary of Service-Based Restricted Share Units
The following table sets forth the summary of service-based restricted share unit activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-Average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grant Date |
|
|
Shares Granted |
|
Fair Value |
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
December 31, 2008 |
|
|
75 |
|
|
$ |
46.83 |
|
Awarded* |
|
|
1,258 |
|
|
$ |
28.30 |
|
Vested |
|
|
(458 |
) |
|
$ |
32.22 |
|
Cancelled |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
$ |
22.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2009 |
|
|
867 |
|
|
$ |
27.88 |
|
Awarded* |
|
|
38 |
|
|
$ |
43.57 |
|
Vested |
|
|
(345 |
) |
|
$ |
27.07 |
|
Cancelled |
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
$ |
38.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2010 |
|
|
538 |
|
|
$ |
29.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
36,000 and 42,000 restricted shares units were granted to non-employee
directors, respectively in 2010 and 2009. |
Restricted share units are not considered outstanding in the computation of basic earnings per
share. As of December 31, 2010, there was $14.0 million of unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted
for estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested, service-based restricted share units granted to
the Companys employees and non-employee directors. This cost is expected to be recognized over a
weighted-average period of 1.7 years. The total fair value based on the respective vesting dates of the
restricted share units vested during the year ended December 31, 2010 was $15.9 million
Summary of Performance-Based Restricted Share Units
The following table sets forth the summary of performance-based restricted share unit
activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-Average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grant Date |
|
|
Shares Granted |
|
Fair Value |
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
December 31, 2008 |
|
|
68 |
|
|
$ |
40.57 |
|
Vested |
|
|
(68 |
) |
|
$ |
40.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restricted share units are not considered outstanding in the computation of basic earnings per
share. As of December 31, 2010, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested,
performance-based restricted share units granted to the Companys employees.
In
September 2008,
COHT adopted a 2008 Share Incentive Plan (the 2008 COHT Plan).
The 2008 COHT Plan permits the granting of stock options,
share appreciation rights, restricted share units and
restricted shares of COHT to employees, directors
and consultants. Estimated grant date fair value of
options granted in 2009 and 2008 was $0.5 million.
Stock compensation expenses related to the grant are
amortized over four years on a straight-line basis,
with $119,000 and $42,000 expensed in 2009 and 2008,
respectively. The 2008 COHT Plan was assumed by CRIC in
the Transaction described in Note 3. In August 2010, the
Companys subsidiary T.CN Corporation adopted a 2010
Share Incentive Plan (the 2010 T.CN Plan), which permits
the granting of stock options, share appreciation rights,
restricted share units and restricted shares of T.CN to
employees, directors and consultants. During 2010, the
Company granted options of T.CN equivalent to approximately 15.9%
of the subsidiarys ordinary shares on a fully diluted basis.
Estimated grant date fair value of options granted in 2010 was
$4.2 million. Stock compensation expenses related to the
grants are amortized over four years on a straight-line
basis with $267,000 expensed in 2010.
13. Segment Information
The Company currently operates in three principal business segments globally advertising,
MVAS and other non-advertising. Information regarding the business segments provided to the
Companys chief operating decision makers (CODM) are usually at the revenue or gross margin
level. The Company currently does not allocate operating costs nor assets to its segments, as its
CODM does not use such information to allocate resources to or evaluate the performance of the
operating segments.
F-27
The following is a summary of revenues, costs of revenues and gross margins:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advertising |
|
MVAS |
|
Other |
|
Total |
|
|
(In thousands, except percentages) |
Year ended December 31, 2010: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenues |
|
$ |
290,814 |
|
|
$ |
86,183 |
|
|
$ |
25,620 |
|
|
$ |
402,617 |
|
Costs of revenues |
|
|
116,295 |
|
|
|
49,612 |
|
|
|
2,503 |
|
|
|
168,410 |
|
Gross margin |
|
|
60 |
% |
|
|
42 |
% |
|
|
90 |
% |
|
|
58 |
% |
Year ended December 31, 2009: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenues |
|
$ |
227,895 |
|
|
$ |
119,341 |
|
|
$ |
11,331 |
|
|
$ |
358,567 |
|
Costs of revenues |
|
|
99,835 |
|
|
|
56,851 |
|
|
|
1,606 |
|
|
|
158,292 |
|
Gross margin |
|
|
56 |
% |
|
|
52 |
% |
|
|
86 |
% |
|
|
56 |
% |
Year ended December 31, 2008: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenues |
|
$ |
258,499 |
|
|
$ |
103,318 |
|
|
$ |
7,770 |
|
|
$ |
369,587 |
|
Costs of revenues |
|
|
100,008 |
|
|
|
48,005 |
|
|
|
2,322 |
|
|
|
150,335 |
|
Gross margin |
|
|
61 |
% |
|
|
54 |
% |
|
|
70 |
% |
|
|
59 |
% |
The following is a summary of the Companys geographic operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
China |
|
International |
|
Total |
|
|
(In thousands) |
Year ended and as of December 31, 2010: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenues |
|
$ |
398,743 |
|
|
$ |
3,874 |
|
|
$ |
402,617 |
|
Long-lived
assets |
|
|
32,690 |
|
|
|
599 |
|
|
|
33,289 |
|
Year ended and as of December 31, 2009: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenues |
|
$ |
355,585 |
|
|
$ |
2,982 |
|
|
$ |
358,567 |
|
Long-lived
assets |
|
|
22,346 |
|
|
|
676 |
|
|
|
23,022 |
|
Year ended and as of December 31, 2008: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenues |
|
$ |
365,959 |
|
|
$ |
3,628 |
|
|
$ |
369,587 |
|
Long-lived
assets |
|
|
33,005 |
|
|
|
1,106 |
|
|
|
34,111 |
|
Revenues are attributed to the countries in which the invoices are issued.
14. Financial Instruments
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2010 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Active Market |
|
|
Significant Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for Identical Assets |
|
|
Observable Inputs |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
(Level 1) |
|
|
(Level 2) |
|
Money market funds(1) |
|
$ |
226,509 |
|
|
$ |
226,509 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Bank time deposits(2) |
|
|
437,309 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
437,309 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
663,818 |
|
|
$ |
226,509 |
|
|
$ |
437,309 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2009 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Active Market |
|
|
Significant Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for Identical Assets |
|
|
Observable Inputs |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
(Level 1) |
|
|
(Level 2) |
|
Money market funds(1) |
|
$ |
468,322 |
|
|
$ |
468,322 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Bank time deposits(2) |
|
|
235,122 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
235,122 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
703,444 |
|
|
$ |
468,322 |
|
|
$ |
235,122 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Included in cash and cash equivalents on the Companys consolidated balance sheets. |
|
(2) |
|
Included in cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments on the Companys
consolidated balance sheets. |
F-28
Concentration of Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist
primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivables. In
addition, with majority of its operations in China, the Company is subject to RMB currency risk and
offshore remittance risk, both of which the Company has no way to hedge.
The Company limits its exposure to credit loss by depositing its cash and cash equivalents
with financial institutions in the U.S., PRC, Hong Kong and Taiwan that management believes are of
high credit quality.
The Company had approximately $597.0 million in cash and bank deposits, such as time deposits
(with terms generally up to twelve months) and bank notes, with large domestic banks in China as of
December 31, 2010. Historically, deposits in Chinese banks were secure due to the state policy on
protecting depositors interests. However, China promulgated a new Bankruptcy Law that came into
effect on June 1, 2007, which contains a separate article expressly stating that the State Council
may promulgate implementation measures for the bankruptcy of Chinese banks based on the Bankruptcy
Law. Under the new Bankruptcy Law, a Chinese bank may go bankrupt. In addition, since Chinas
concession to WTO, foreign banks have been gradually permitted to operate in China and have become
significant competitors to Chinese banks in many aspects, especially since the opening of RMB
business to foreign banks in late 2006. Therefore, the risk of bankruptcy on Chinese banks in which
the Company holds cash and bank deposits has increased. In the event that a Chinese bank that holds
the Companys deposits goes bankrupt, the Company is unlikely to claim its deposits back in full,
since it is unlikely to be classified as a secured creditor to the bank under the PRC laws.
Accounts receivable consist primarily of advertising agencies, direct advertising customers
and mobile operators. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, substantially all accounts receivable were
derived from the Companys China operations.
Advertising revenues from agencies accounted for approximately 91%, 93% and 91% of the Companys
advertising revenues for fiscal year 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. For 2010, our 10 largest
advertising agencies in China contributed to 51% of our advertising revenues, and no individual
customer or agency accounted for more than 10% of our total net revenues in 2010. For 2009 and
2008, Focus Media, mainly through its advertising agency subsidiaries, accounted for 12% and 14%,
respectively, of the Companys total net revenues. No advertising agency accounted for 10% or more
of the Companys net accounts receivables as of December 31, 2010. Focus Media and HY Link
Advertising (BJ) Co., also a large advertising agency in China, accounted for 17% and 10%,
respectively, of the Companys net accounts receivables as of December 31, 2009. No individual
advertising customer accounted for 10% or more of total net revenues for 2010, 2009 and 2008. No
individual advertising customer accounted for 10% or more of net accounts receivables as of
December 31, 2010 and 2009.
With regards to the MVAS operations, revenues charged via provincial and local subsidiaries of
China Mobile were 17%, 28% and 25% of the Companys net revenues in 2010, 2009, and 2008,
respectively. Revenues from the SMS product line accounted for 10%, 15% and less than 10% of the
Companys net revenues for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. China Mobile and its provincial and
local subsidiaries in aggregate accounted for less than 10% and 13% of the Companys net accounts
receivables as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Accounts receivable from third-party
operators represent MVAS fees collected on behalf of the Company after deducting their billing and
collection services and transmission charges. The Company maintains allowances for potential credit
losses. Historically, the Company has not had any significant direct write off of bad debts.
The majority of the Companys net income was derived from China. The operations in China are
carried out by the subsidiaries and VIEs. The Company depends on dividend payments from its
subsidiaries in China for its revenues after these subsidiaries receive payments from VIEs in China
under various services and other arrangements. In addition, under Chinese law, its subsidiaries are
only allowed to pay dividends to the Company out of their accumulated profits, if any, as
determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. Moreover, these Chinese
subsidiaries are required to set aside at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits, if
any, up to 50% of their registered capital to fund certain mandated reserve funds that are not
payable or distributable as cash dividends. The appropriation to mandated reserve funds are
assessed annually. As of December 31, 2010, the Company is subject to a maximum appropriation of
$15.4 million to these non-distributable reserve funds.
In 2010, the majority of the Companys revenues derived and expenses incurred were in RMB. As
of December 31, 2010, the Companys cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balance
denominated in RMB was $318.7 million, accounting for 36% of the Companys total cash, cash
equivalents and short-term investments balance. The Companys accounts receivable balance
denominated in RMB was $89.2 million, which accounted for 99% of its net accounts receivable
balance. The Companys current liabilities balance denominated in RMB was $102.2 million, which
accounted for 41% of its total current liabilities balance as of December 31, 2010. Accordingly,
the Company may experience economic losses and negative impacts on earnings and equity as a result
of exchange rate fluctuations of RMB. Moreover, the Chinese government imposes controls on the
convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out
of the PRC. The Company may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures
necessary to obtain and remit foreign currency.
F-29
The Company performed a test on the restricted net assets of consolidated subsidiaries and
VIEs (the restricted net assets) in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation
S-X Rule 4-08 (e) (3), General Notes to Financial Statements and concluded that the restricted
net assets did not exceed 25% of the consolidated net assets of the Company as of December 31,
2010.
15. Convertible Debt
In 2003, the Company issued $100 million of zero-coupon, convertible, subordinated notes (the
Notes) due 2023. The Notes were issued at par and bear no interest. The Notes will be convertible
into SINA ordinary shares, upon satisfaction of certain conditions, at an initial conversion price
of $25.79 per share, subject to adjustments for certain events. One of the conditions for
conversion of the Notes to SINA ordinary shares is conversion upon satisfaction of market price
condition, when the sale price (defined as closing per share sales price) of SINA ordinary shares
reaches a specified threshold for a defined period of time. The specified thresholds are (i) during
the period from issuance to July 15, 2022, if the sale price of SINA ordinary shares, for each of
any five consecutive trading days in the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, exceeds 115% of the
conversion price per ordinary share, and (ii) during the period from July 15, 2022 to July 15,
2023, if the sale price of SINA ordinary shares on the previous trading day is more than 115% of
the conversion price per ordinary share. For the quarter ended March 31, 2011, the sale price of
SINA ordinary shares exceeded the threshold set forth in item (i) above; therefore, the Notes are
convertible into SINA ordinary shares during the quarter ending June 30, 2011.
Upon a purchasers election to convert the Notes, the Company has the right to deliver cash in
lieu of ordinary shares, or a combination of cash and ordinary shares. The Company may redeem for
cash all or part of the Notes on or after July 15, 2012, at a price equal to 100% of the principal
amount of the Notes being redeemed. The purchasers may require the Company to repurchase all or
part of the Notes for cash on July 15 annually from 2007 through 2013, and on July 15, 2018, or
upon a change of control, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes.
In accordance with guidance, obligations such as the Notes are considered current liabilities
when they are or will be callable within one year from the balance sheet date, even though
liquidation may not be expected within that period. These notes were accounted for in accordance
with the revised guidance on accounting for convertible debt instrument issued by the FASB which
the Company adopted on January 1, 2009.
16. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating lease commitments include the commitments under the lease agreements for the
Companys office premises. The Company leases its office facilities under non-cancelable operating
leases with various expiration dates through 2013. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009
and 2008, rental expense was $8.4 million, $7.6 million and $6.5 million, respectively. Based on
the current rental lease agreements, future minimum rental payments required as of December 31,
2010 were as follows:
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Less than One |
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One to |
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Three to |
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More than |
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Total |
|
Year |
|
Three Years |
|
Five Years |
|
Five Years |
|
|
(In thousands) |
Operating leases commitment |
|
$ |
18,607 |
|
|
$ |
5,528 |
|
|
$ |
13,079 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Purchase commitments mainly include minimum commitments for Internet connection fees
associated with websites production, content fees associated with websites production and MVAS,
advertising serving services and marketing activities. Purchase commitments as of December 31, 2010
were as follows:
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|
|
|
|
Less than One |
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One to |
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Three to |
|
More than |
|
|
Total |
|
Year |
|
Three Years |
|
Five Years |
|
Five Years |
|
|
(In thousands) |
Purchase commitments |
|
$ |
98,129 |
|
|
$ |
64,713 |
|
|
$ |
33,016 |
|
|
$ |
177 |
|
|
$ |
223 |
|
There are uncertainties regarding the legal basis of our ability to operate an Internet
business and telecommunication value-added services in China. Although China has implemented a wide
range of market-oriented economic reforms, the telecommunication, information and media industries
remain highly regulated. Not only are such restrictions currently in place, but in addition
regulations are unclear as to in which specific segments of these industries companies with foreign
investors, including us, may operate. Therefore, the Company might be required to limit the scope
of its operations in China, and this could have a material adverse effect on its financial
position, results of operations and cash flows.
As of the date the Company filed this Form 20-F, there are no legal or arbitration proceedings
that have had in the recent past, or to the Companys knowledge, may have, significant effects on
the Companys financial position or profitability.
F-30
17. Subsequent Events
In March 2011, the Company purchased 77.0 million ordinary shares (equivalent to 11.0 million
American Depositary Shares (ADS), or approximately 19% of Mecox Lanes issued and outstanding
shares) (Purchase Shares) of Mecox Lane Limited (Mecox Lane) for an aggregate purchase price of
$66.0 million, or $0.8571 per share, equivalent to $6.00 per ADS (Mecox Transaction). The
Company has right to nominate one member to Mecox Lanes board of directors. The Purchase Shares
are subject to a one-year lock-up the closing date of the Mecox Transaction. The Company also has
a two-year option from the closing date to purchase an additional 48.3 million ordinary shares
(equivalent to 6.9 million ADS) of Mecox Lane with an exercise price of $1.1429 per share,
equivalent to $8.00 per ADS.
Subsequent
to December 31, 2010, the Company issued approximately 3.7 million new common shares to settle
conversion requests equivalent to $96.1 million in convertible bond at a conversion price of
$25.79.
The
Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events May 31, 2011, noting no other events or transactions requiring recognition or
disclosure.
F-31