e10vq
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2007
OR
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o |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Transition Period from to
Commission File Number 001-33368
Glu Mobile Inc.
(Exact name of the Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
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Delaware
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91-2143667 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
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(I.R.S. Employer |
Incorporation or Organization)
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Identification No.) |
1800 Gateway Drive, Second Floor
San Mateo, California 94404
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)
(650) 571-1550
(Registrants Telephone number, including Area Code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed
by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes o No þ*
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated
filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated Filer o Non-accelerated filer þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
Shares of Glu Mobile Inc. common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding as of May 10,
2007: 28,815,363 shares.
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* The Registrant has not been subject to the filing requirements for the past 90 days as it
commenced trading on March 22, 2007 pursuant to its initial public offering, but the Registrant has
filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 since such time. |
GLU MOBILE INC.
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
GLU MOBILE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data)
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March 31, |
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December 31, |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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ASSETS |
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Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
71,501 |
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$ |
3,823 |
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Short-term investments |
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5,500 |
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8,750 |
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Accounts receivable, net |
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15,524 |
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14,448 |
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Prepaid royalties |
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4,858 |
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3,501 |
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Prepaid expenses and other |
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596 |
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853 |
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Total current assets |
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97,979 |
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31,375 |
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Property and equipment, net |
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3,659 |
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3,480 |
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Prepaid royalties |
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2,549 |
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1,417 |
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Other long-term assets |
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994 |
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1,826 |
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Intangible assets, net |
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4,355 |
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4,974 |
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Goodwill |
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38,787 |
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38,727 |
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Total assets |
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$ |
148,323 |
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$ |
81,799 |
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LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY/(DEFICIT) |
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Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable |
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$ |
6,763 |
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$ |
5,394 |
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Accrued liabilities |
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240 |
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1,048 |
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Accrued compensation |
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1,627 |
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2,013 |
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Accrued royalties |
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9,221 |
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7,030 |
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Accrued restructuring |
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36 |
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Deferred revenues |
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304 |
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178 |
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Current portion of long-term debt |
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13 |
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4,339 |
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Total current liabilities |
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18,168 |
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20,038 |
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Other long-term liabilities |
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2,259 |
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1,343 |
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Long-term debt, less current portion |
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7,245 |
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Preferred stock warrant liability |
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1,995 |
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Total liabilities |
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20,427 |
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30,621 |
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Commitments and contingencies (see note 5) |
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Redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par
value: 17,032 shares authorized; 0 and 15,680 shares
issued and outstanding at March 31, 2007 and December
31, 2006, respectively |
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76,363 |
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Stockholders equity/(deficit): |
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Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 33,333 shares
authorized, 28,537 and 5,457 shares issued and
outstanding at March 31, 2007 and December 31,
2006, respectively |
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3 |
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1 |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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176,734 |
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19,894 |
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Deferred stock-based compensation |
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(309 |
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(388 |
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Accumulated other comprehensive income |
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1,339 |
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1,285 |
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Accumulated deficit |
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(49,871 |
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(45,977 |
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Total stockholders equity/(deficit) |
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127,896 |
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(25,185 |
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Total liabilities, redeemable
convertible preferred stock and
stockholders equity/(deficit) |
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$ |
148,323 |
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$ |
81,799 |
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The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
3
GLU MOBILE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data)
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Three Months Ended |
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March 31, |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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Revenues |
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$ |
15,698 |
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$ |
8,073 |
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Cost of revenues: |
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Royalties |
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4,292 |
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2,538 |
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Impairment of prepaid royalties and guarantees |
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60 |
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Amortization of intangible assets |
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552 |
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118 |
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Total cost of revenues |
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4,844 |
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2,716 |
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Gross profit |
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10,854 |
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5,357 |
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Operating expenses: |
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Research and development |
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4,713 |
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3,189 |
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Sales and marketing |
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3,075 |
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2,202 |
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General and administrative |
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4,009 |
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1,852 |
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Amortization of intangible assets |
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67 |
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154 |
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Acquired in-process research and development |
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1,500 |
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Gain on sale of assets |
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(1,040 |
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Total operating expenses |
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10,824 |
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8,897 |
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Income/(loss) from operations |
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30 |
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(3,540 |
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Interest and other income/(expense), net: |
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Interest income |
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166 |
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195 |
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Interest expense |
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(847 |
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(2 |
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Other income/(expense), net |
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159 |
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(41 |
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Interest and other income/(expense), net |
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(522 |
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152 |
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Loss before income taxes |
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(492 |
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(3,388 |
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Income tax provision |
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(272 |
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(106 |
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Net loss |
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(764 |
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(3,494 |
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Accretion to preferred stock |
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(17 |
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(19 |
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Deemed dividend |
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(3,130 |
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Net loss attributable to common stockholders |
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$ |
(3,911 |
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$ |
(3,513 |
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Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders basic and diluted: |
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Net loss |
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$ |
(0.12 |
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$ |
(0.75 |
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Accretion to preferred stock |
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(0.01 |
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Deemed dividend |
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(0.47 |
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Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders basic and diluted |
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$ |
(0.59 |
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$ |
(0.76 |
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Weighted average common shares outstanding basic and diluted |
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6,682 |
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4,597 |
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Stock-based compensation included in: |
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Research and development |
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$ |
95 |
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$ |
33 |
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Sales and marketing |
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97 |
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27 |
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General and administrative |
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416 |
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207 |
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The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
4
GLU MOBILE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data)
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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Cash flows from operating activities: |
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Net loss |
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$ |
(764 |
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$ |
(3,494 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
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Depreciation and accretion |
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454 |
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336 |
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Amortization of intangible assets |
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619 |
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272 |
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Stock-based compensation |
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608 |
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267 |
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Change in carrying value of preferred stock warrant liability |
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10 |
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70 |
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Amortization of value of warrants issued in connection with loan |
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477 |
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Amortization of loan agreement costs |
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71 |
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Non-cash foreign currency translation gain |
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(149 |
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(29 |
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Acquired in-process research and development |
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1,500 |
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Impairment of prepaid royalties and guarantees |
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60 |
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Gain on sale of assets |
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(1,040 |
) |
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Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts |
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(19 |
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(12 |
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Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions: |
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(Increase)/decrease in accounts receivable |
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(907 |
) |
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416 |
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Increase in prepaid royalties |
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(688 |
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(694 |
) |
(Increase)/decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets |
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(364 |
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46 |
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Increase in accounts payable |
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1,011 |
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448 |
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Decrease in other accrued liabilities |
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(808 |
) |
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(1,953 |
) |
Increase/(decrease) in accrued compensation |
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(387 |
) |
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203 |
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Increase/(decrease) in accrued royalties |
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1,169 |
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(707 |
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Increase in deferred revenues |
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104 |
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Decrease in accrued restructuring |
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(36 |
) |
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(357 |
) |
Increase in other long-term liabilities |
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111 |
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139 |
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Net cash used in operating activities |
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(528 |
) |
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(3,489 |
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Cash flows from investing activities: |
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Purchase of short-term investments |
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(600 |
) |
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(6,557 |
) |
Sale of short-term investments |
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3,850 |
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20,357 |
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Purchase of property and equipment |
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(623 |
) |
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(295 |
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Proceeds from sale of assets, net of selling costs |
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1,040 |
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Acquisition of iFone, net of cash acquired |
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(7,396 |
) |
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Net cash provided by investing activities |
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3,667 |
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6,109 |
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Cash flows from financing activities: |
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Proceeds from IPO shares, net of issuance costs |
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76,501 |
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Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
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80 |
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|
10 |
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Debt payments |
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(12,047 |
) |
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(892 |
) |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
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64,534 |
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(882 |
) |
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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |
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5 |
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19 |
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Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
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67,678 |
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|
1,757 |
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Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
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3,823 |
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|
2,416 |
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
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$ |
71,501 |
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$ |
4,173 |
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Supplemental disclosure of non-cash information |
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Accrued IPO costs |
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$ |
1,757 |
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|
$ |
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|
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|
The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
5
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data)
Note 1 The Company, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Glu Mobile Inc. (the Company or Glu) was incorporated as Cyent Studios, Inc. in Nevada on
May 16, 2001 and changed its name to Sorrent, Inc. On November 21, 2001, New Sorrent, Inc., a
wholly owned subsidiary of the Company was incorporated in California. The Company and New Sorrent,
Inc. merged on December 4, 2001 to form Sorrent, Inc., a California corporation. In June 2005, the
Company changed its name to Glu Mobile Inc. Glu acquired Macrospace Limited (Macrospace) in
December 2004 in efforts to develop and secure direct distribution relationships in Europe and Asia
with leading wireless carriers, to deepen and broaden its game library (e.g., more titles and genre
diversification), to acquire access and rights to leading licenses and franchises (including
original intellectual property) and to augment its internal and external production and publishing
capabilities. In March 2006, Glu acquired iFone Holdings Limited (iFone) in order to continue to
broaden its game library and acquire access and rights to leading licenses.
In March 2007, the Company completed its initial public offering (IPO) of common stock in
which it sold and issued 7,300 at an issue price of $11.50 per share. The Company raised a total of
$83,950 in gross proceeds from the IPO, or approximately $74,744 in net proceeds after deducting
underwriting discounts and commissions of $5,877 and other offering costs of $3,329. Upon the
closing of the IPO, all shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding automatically
converted into 15,680 shares of common stock.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to
the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission regarding interim financial
reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by
generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements and should be read in
conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Companys
Registration Statement on Form S-1, File Number 333-139493, filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission. In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial
statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the
Company believes are necessary for a fair statement of the Companys financial position as of March
31, 2007 and its results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006,
respectively. These condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of
the results to be expected for the entire year. The consolidated balance sheet presented as of
December 31, 2006 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that
date.
Basis of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its
wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been
eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles requires the Companys management to make judgments,
assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in its consolidated financial statements
and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various
other assumptions it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form
the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results
may differ from these estimates and these differences may be material.
Revenue Recognition
The Companys revenues are derived primarily by licensing software products in the form of
mobile games. License arrangements with the end user can be on a perpetual or subscription basis. A
perpetual license gives an end user the right to use the licensed game on the registered handset on
a perpetual basis. A subscription license gives an end user the right to use
6
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
the licensed game on
the registered handset for a limited period of time, ranging from a few days to as long as one
month. The Company distributes its products primarily through mobile telecommunications service
providers (carriers), which market the games to end users. License fees for
perpetual and subscription licenses are usually billed by the carrier upon download of the
game by the end user. In the case of subscriber licenses, many subscriber agreements provide for
automatic renewal until the subscriber opts-out, while the others provide opt-in renewal. In either
case, subsequent billings for subscription licenses are generally billed monthly. The Company
applies the provisions of Statement of Position 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, as amended by
Statement of Position 98-9, Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, With Respect to
Certain Transactions, to all transactions.
Revenues are recognized from our games when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the
game has been delivered, the fee is fixed or determinable, and the collection of the resulting
receivable is probable. For both perpetual and subscription licenses, management considers a signed
license agreement to be evidence of an arrangement with a carrier and a clickwrap agreement to be
evidence of an arrangement with an end user. For these licenses, the Company defines delivery as
the download of the game by the end user. The Company estimates revenues from carriers in the
current period when reasonable estimates of these amounts can be made. Several carriers provide
reliable interim preliminary reporting and others report sales data within a reasonable time frame
following the end of each month, both of which allow the Company to make reasonable estimates of
revenues and therefore to recognize revenues during the reporting period when the end user licenses
the game. Determination of the appropriate amount of revenue recognized involves judgments and
estimates that the Company believes are reasonable, but it is possible that actual results may
differ from the Companys estimates. The Companys estimates for revenues include consideration of
factors such as preliminary sales data, carrier-specific historical sales trends, the age of games
and the expected impact of newly launched games, successful introduction of new handsets,
promotions during the period and economic trends. When the Company receives the final carrier
reports, to the extent not received within a reasonable time frame following the end of each month,
the Company records any differences between estimated revenues and actual revenues in the reporting
period when the Company determines the actual amounts. Historically, the revenues on the final
revenue report have not differed by more than one half of 1% of the reported revenues for the
period, which the Company deemed to be immaterial. Revenues earned from certain carriers may not be
reasonably estimated. If the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the amount of revenues to be
recognized in the current period, the Company recognizes revenues upon the receipt of a carrier
revenue report and when the Companys portion of a games licensed revenues are fixed or
determinable and collection is probable. To monitor the reliability of the Companys estimates,
management, where possible, reviews the revenues by carrier and by game on a weekly basis to
identify unusual trends such as differential adoption rates by carriers or the introduction of new
handsets. If the Company deems a carrier not to be creditworthy, the Company defers all revenues
from the arrangement until the Company receives payment and all other revenue recognition criteria
have been met.
In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force, or EITF Issue No. 99-19, Reporting Revenue
Gross as a Principal Versus Net as an Agent, the Company recognizes as revenues the amount the
carrier reports as payable upon the sale of the Companys games. The Company has evaluated its
carrier agreements and has determined that it is not the principal when selling its games through
carriers. Key indicators that it evaluated to reach this determination include:
|
|
|
wireless subscribers directly contract with the carriers, which have most of the service
interaction and are generally viewed as the primary obligor by the subscribers; |
|
|
|
|
carriers generally have significant control over the types of games that they offer to
their subscribers; |
|
|
|
|
carriers are directly responsible for billing and collecting fees from their subscribers,
including the resolution of billing disputes; |
|
|
|
|
carriers generally pay the Company a fixed percentage of their revenues or a fixed fee
for each game; |
|
|
|
|
carriers generally must approve the price of the Companys games in advance of their sale
to subscribers, and the Companys more significant carriers generally have the ability to
set the ultimate price charged to their subscribers; and |
|
|
|
|
the Company has limited risks, including no inventory risk and limited credit risk. |
7
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk
consist of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable.
The Company derives its accounts receivable from revenues earned from customers located in the
U.S. and other locations outside of the U.S. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its
customers financial condition and, generally, requires no collateral from its customers. The
Company bases its allowance for doubtful accounts on managements best estimate of the amount of
probable credit losses in the Companys existing accounts receivable. The Company reviews past
due balances over a specified amount individually for collectibility on a monthly basis. It reviews
all other balances quarterly. The Company charges off accounts receivable balances against the
allowance when it determines that the amount will not be recovered.
The following table summarizes the revenues from customers in excess of 10% of the Companys
revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
Verizon Wireless |
|
|
21.5 |
% |
|
|
25.9 |
% |
Sprint Nextel |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
15.8 |
% |
|
|
|
* |
|
Revenues from the customer were less than 10% during the period. |
At March 31, 2007, Verizon Wireless accounted for 23% of total accounts receivable. At
December 31, 2006, Verizon Wireless, Sprint Nextel and Vodafone accounted for 21%, 11% and 10% of
total accounts receivable, respectively. No other customer represented greater than 10% of the
Companys revenues or accounts receivable in these periods or as of these dates.
The following table summarizes the revenues from specific titles in excess of 10% of the
Companys revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
Monopoly Here & Now |
|
|
13.2 |
% |
|
|
* |
|
Deer Hunter |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
11.5 |
% |
Zuma |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
11.0 |
% |
|
|
|
* |
|
Revenues from the title were less than 10% during the period. |
Freestanding Preferred Stock Warrants
Freestanding warrants and other similar instruments related to shares that are redeemable are
accounted for in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 150, Accounting
for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity (SFAS No.
150). Under SFAS No. 150, the freestanding warrants that were related to the Companys redeemable
convertible preferred stock were recorded as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. The
warrants were subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date and any change in fair value was
recognized as a component of other income (expense), net. Subsequent to the Companys IPO and the
associated conversion of the Companys outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock into
common stock, the warrants to exercise the redeemable convertible preferred stock converted into
common stock warrants; accordingly, the liability related to the redeemable convertible preferred
stock warrants at the closing of the IPO of $1,985 was transferred to common stock and additional
paid-in-capital and the common stock warrants are no longer subject to re-measurement.
Prepaid or Guaranteed Licensor Royalties
The Companys royalty expenses consist of fees that it pays to branded content owners for the
use of their intellectual property, including trademarks and copyrights, in the development of the
Companys games. Royalty-based obligations are
8
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
either paid in advance and capitalized on our
balance sheet as prepaid royalties or accrued as incurred and subsequently paid. These
royalty-based obligations are expensed to cost of revenues at the greater of the revenues derived
from the relevant game multiplied by the applicable contractual rate or an effective royalty rate
based on expected net product sales. Advanced license payments that are not recoupable against
future royalties are capitalized and amortized over the lesser of the estimated life of the branded
title or the term of the license agreement.
The Companys contracts with some licensors include minimum guaranteed royalty payments, which
are payable regardless of the ultimate volume of sales to end users. Effective January 1, 2006, the
Company adopted FSP FIN 45-3, Application of FASB Interpretation No. 45 to Minimum Revenue
Guarantees Granted to a Business or Its Owners. The Company has recorded a minimum
guaranteed liability of approximately $3,205 as of March 31, 2007. When no significant
performance remains with the licensor, the Company initially records each of these guarantees as an
asset and as a liability at the contractual amount. The Company believes that the contractual
amount represents the fair value of the liability. When significant performance remains with the
licensor, the Company records royalty payments as an asset when actually paid and as a liability
when incurred, rather than upon execution of the contract. The Company classifies minimum royalty
payment obligations as current liabilities to the extent they are contractually due within the next
twelve months.
Each quarter, the Company evaluates the realization of its royalties as well as any
unrecognized guarantees not yet paid to determine amounts that it deems unlikely to be realized
through product sales. The Company uses estimates of revenues, cash flows and net margins to
evaluate the future realization of prepaid royalties and guarantees. This evaluation considers
multiple factors, including the term of the agreement, forecasted demand, game life cycle status,
game development plans, and current and anticipated sales levels, as well as other qualitative
factors such as the success of similar games and similar genres on mobile devices for the Company
and its competitors and/or other game platforms (e.g., consoles, personal computers and Internet)
utilizing the intellectual property and whether there are any future planned theatrical releases or
television series based on the intellectual property. To the extent that this evaluation indicates
that the remaining prepaid and guaranteed royalty payments are not recoverable, the Company records
an impairment charge to cost of revenues in the period that impairment is indicated. The Company
recorded impairment charges to cost of revenues of $0 and $60 during the three months ended March
31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Research and Development Costs
The Company charges costs related to research, design and development of products to research
and development expense as incurred. The types of costs included in research and development
expenses include salaries, contractor fees and allocated facilities costs.
Software Development Costs
The Company applies the principles of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 86,
Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed (SFAS No.
86). SFAS No. 86 requires that software development costs incurred in conjunction with product
development be charged to research and development expense until technological feasibility is
established. Thereafter, until the product is released for sale, software development costs must be
capitalized and reported at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value of the related
product. The Company has adopted the tested working model approach to establishing technological
feasibility for its games. Under this approach, the Company does not consider a game in development
to have passed the technological feasibility milestone until the Company has completed a model of
the game that contains essentially all the functionality and features of the final game and has
tested the model to ensure that it works as expected. To date, the Company has not incurred
significant costs between the establishment of technological feasibility and the release of a game
for sale; thus, the Company has expensed all software development costs as incurred. The Company
considers the following factors in determining whether costs can be capitalized: the emerging
nature of the mobile game market; the gradual evolution of the wireless carrier platforms and
mobile phones for which it develops games; the lack of pre-orders or sales history for its games;
the uncertainty regarding a games revenue-generating potential; its lack of control over the
carrier distribution channel resulting in uncertainty as to when, if ever, a game will be available
for sale; and its historical practice of canceling games at any stage of the development process.
Internal Use Software
The Company recognizes internal use software development costs in accordance with the
Statement of Position (SOP) No. 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or
Obtained for Internal Use. Thus, the Company
9
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
capitalizes software development costs, including
costs incurred to purchase third-party software, beginning when it determines certain factors are
present including, among others, that technology exists to achieve the performance requirements
and/or buy versus internal development decisions have been made. The Company has capitalized
certain internal use software costs totaling approximately $345 and $120 during the three months
ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The estimated useful life of costs capitalized is
generally three years. During the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, the amortization of
capitalized costs totaled approximately $140 and $97, respectively. Capitalized internal use
software development costs are included in property and equipment, net.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (SFAS No. 109), which requires recognition of
deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax
consequences of events that have been included in its financial statements or tax returns.
Under SFAS No. 109, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the
temporary difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using
the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which it expects the differences to reverse. The
Company establishes valuation allowances when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount
it expects to realize.
On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes an interpretation of FASB
Statement No. 109 (FIN 48), which supplements SFAS No. 109 by defining the confidence level that
a tax position must meet in order to be recognized in the financial statements. FIN 48 requires
that the tax effects of a position be recognized only if it is more-likely-than-not to be
sustained based solely on its technical merits as of the reporting date. The Company considers many
factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may require
periodic adjustments and which may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes.
With the adoption of FIN 48, companies are required to adjust their financial statements to
reflect only those tax positions that are more-likely-than-not to be sustained. Any necessary
adjustment would be recorded directly to retained earnings and reported as a change in accounting
principle as of the date of adoption. FIN 48 prescribes a comprehensive model for the financial
statement recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or
expected to be taken in income tax returns. See Note 10 for additional information, including the
effects of adoption on the Companys consolidated financial position, results of operations and
cash flows.
Stock-Based Compensation
Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company accounted for stock-based employee compensation
arrangements in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25,
Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB No. 25), and related interpretations, and followed
the disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS No. 123). Under APB No. 25, compensation expense for an option is
based on the difference, if any, on the date of the grant, between the fair value of a companys
common stock and the exercise price of the option. Employee stock-based compensation determined
under APB No. 25 is recognized using the multiple option method prescribed by the Financial
Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 28, Accounting for Stock Appreciation Rights and
Other Variable Stock Option or Award Plans (FIN 28), over the option vesting period.
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the fair value provisions of Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment (SFAS No. 123R), which supersedes
its previous accounting under APB No. 25. SFAS No. 123R requires the recognition of compensation
expense, using a fair-value based method, for costs related to all share-based payments including
stock options. SFAS No. 123R requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment
awards on the grant date using an option pricing model. The Company adopted SFAS No. 123R using the
prospective transition method, which requires, that for nonpublic entities that used the minimum
value method for either pro forma or financial statement recognition purposes, SFAS No. 123R shall
be applied to option grants on and after the required effective date. For options granted prior to
the SFAS No. 123R effective date that remain unvested on that date, the Company continues to
recognize compensation expense under the intrinsic value method of APB No. 25. In addition, the
Company continues to amortize those awards valued prior to January 1, 2006 utilizing an accelerated
amortization schedule, while it expenses all options granted or modified after January 1, 2006 on a
straight-line basis.
10
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
The Company has elected to use the with and without approach as described in EITF Topic No.
D-32 in determining the order in which tax attributes are utilized. As a result, the Company will
only recognize a tax benefit from stock-based awards in additional paid-in capital if an
incremental tax benefit is realized after all other tax attributes currently available to the
Company have been utilized. In addition, the Company has elected to account for the indirect
effects of stock-based awards on other tax attributes, such as the research tax credit, through its
statement of operations.
The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to non-employees in accordance with the
provisions of SFAS No. 123, EITF Issue No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments that are Issued
to Other than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services, and FIN
28.
Net Loss Per Share
The Company computes basic net income/(loss) per share attributable to common stockholders by
dividing its net loss attributable to common stockholders for the period by the weighted average
number of common shares outstanding during the period less the
weighted average unvested common shares subject to repurchase by the Company. Net loss
attributable to common stockholders is calculated using the two-class method; however, preferred
stock dividends were not included in the Companys diluted net loss per share calculations because
to do so would be anti-dilutive for all periods presented.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
March 31, |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders |
|
$ |
(3,911 |
) |
|
$ |
(3,513 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted shares: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding |
|
|
6,785 |
|
|
|
5,107 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average unvested common shares subject to repurchase |
|
|
(103 |
) |
|
|
(510 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share |
|
|
6,682 |
|
|
|
4,597 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders basic and diluted |
|
$ |
(0.59 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.76 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following weighted average options, warrants to purchase common stock and unvested shares
of common stock subject to repurchase have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss
per share of common stock for the periods presented because including them would have had an
anti-dilutive effect:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
Convertible preferred stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,372 |
|
Warrants to purchase convertible preferred stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
123 |
|
Warrants to purchase common stock |
|
|
229 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
Unvested common shares subject to repurchase |
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
510 |
|
Options to purchase common stock |
|
|
2,964 |
|
|
|
2,192 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,296 |
|
|
|
15,217 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income
Taxes an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48), which clarifies the accounting for
uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprises financial statements in accordance with
SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. This Interpretation prescribes a comprehensive model for
how a company should recognize, measure, present and disclose in its financials statements
uncertain tax positions that it has taken or expects to take on a tax return, including a decision
whether to file or not to file a return in a particular jurisdiction. Under the Interpretation, the
financial statements must reflect expected future tax consequences of these positions presuming the
taxing authorities full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. The
11
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
Interpretation also
revises disclosure requirements and introduces a prescriptive, annual, tabular roll-forward of the
unrecognized tax benefits. This Interpretation is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2006. See Note 10 for additional information, including the effects of adoption on the
Companys consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair
Value Measurements (SFAS No. 157). SFAS No. 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value
and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The changes to current practice resulting
from the application of this statement relate to the definition of fair value, the methods used to
measure fair value, and the expanded disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is
effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Earlier adoption is permitted,
provided the company has not yet issued financial statements, including for interim periods, for
that fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 157 on the
Companys consolidated financial statements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, The
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (SFAS No. 159). SFAS No. 159
permits companies to choose to measure at fair value, on an instrument-by-instrument basis, many
financial instruments and certain other assets and liabilities that are not currently required to
be measured at fair value. SFAS No. 159 is effective as of the beginning of a fiscal year that
begins after November 15, 2007. The
Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 159
on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Note 2 Acquisitions
Acquisition of iFone Holdings Limited
On March 29, 2006, the Company acquired the net assets of iFone in order to continue to deepen
and broaden its game library, to acquire access and rights to leading licenses and franchises and
to augment its external production resources. These factors contributed to a purchase price in
excess of the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired, and, as a result, the
Company recorded goodwill in connection with this transaction.
The Company purchased all of the issued and outstanding shares of iFone in exchange for the
issuance of 3,423 shares of Special Junior Preferred Stock of the Company and $3,500 in cash. In
addition, subject to the completion of specified milestones, the Company committed to issue a total
of 871 shares of Special Junior Preferred Stock of the Company and $4,500 in subordinated unsecured
promissory notes to the iFone shareholders. In conjunction with this transaction, the Companys
Board of Directors approved an increase in the number of authorized shares of preferred stock of
Glu to 17,031 shares. The milestones outlined in the purchase agreement for which contingent
consideration was agreed to be issued were not achieved during the period to earn this additional
consideration. As the milestone consideration was not earned, these amounts have not been reflected
in these financial statements.
The total purchase price of approximately $23,502 consisted of the following: 3,423 shares of
Special Junior Preferred Stock of the Company (valued at $19,098 based on an independent valuation
of the preferred stock issued using a weighted income and market comparable approach), $3,500 of
cash and transaction costs of $904.
The Companys consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of iFone
from the date of acquisition. Under the purchase method of accounting, the Company allocated the
total purchase price of $23,502 to the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities
assumed based upon their respective estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.
|
|
|
|
|
Assets acquired: |
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable |
|
$ |
2,518 |
|
Prepaid and other current assets |
|
|
2,271 |
|
Property and equipment |
|
|
89 |
|
Intangible assets (see Note 6): |
|
|
|
|
Titles, content and technology |
|
|
2,700 |
|
Carrier contracts and relationships |
|
|
1,300 |
|
Existing license agreements |
|
|
400 |
|
Trademarks |
|
|
100 |
|
In-process research and development |
|
|
1,500 |
|
12
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill (see Note 6) |
|
|
22,828 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets acquired |
|
|
33,706 |
|
Liabilities assumed: |
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable |
|
|
(4,247 |
) |
Accrued liabilities |
|
|
(4,777 |
) |
Restructuring liabilities |
|
|
(1,180 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities acquired |
|
|
(10,204 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Net acquired assets |
|
$ |
23,502 |
|
|
|
|
|
The above table includes reductions to acquired goodwill to reflect adjustments to certain
assumed liabilities upon completion of the purchase price allocation.
The Company has recorded an estimate for costs to terminate certain activities associated with
the iFone operations in accordance with the guidance of Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 95-3,
Recognition of Liabilities in Connection with a Purchase Business Combination. This restructuring
accrual of $1,180 principally related to the termination of 41 iFone employees. At March 31, 2007,
no restructuring liabilities related to iFone employees remained accrued.
Of the total purchase price, $4,500 was allocated to amortizable intangible assets. The
amortizable intangible assets are being amortized using a straight-line method over the respective
estimated useful life of two to five years.
In conjunction with the acquisition of iFone, the Company recorded a $1,500 expense for
acquired in-process research and development (IPR&D) during the first quarter of 2006 because
feasibility of the acquired technology had not been established and no future alternative uses
existed. The IPR&D expense is included in operating expenses in its consolidated statements of
operation in the year ended December 31, 2006.
The IPR&D is related to the development of new game titles. The Company determined the value
of acquired IPR&D using the discounted cash flow approach. The Company calculated the present value
of the expected future cash flows attributable to the in-process technology using a 21% discount
rate. This rate takes into account the percentage of completion of the development effort of
approximately 20% and the risks associated with the Companys developing this technology given
changes in trends and technology in the industry. As of December 31, 2006, these acquired IPR&D
projects had been completed at costs similar to the original projections.
The Company based the valuation of identifiable intangible assets and IPR&D acquired on
managements estimates, currently available information and reasonable and supportable assumptions.
The Company based the allocation of the purchase price on the fair value of these net assets
acquired determined using the income and market valuation approaches.
The Company allocated the residual value of $22,828 to goodwill. Goodwill represents the
excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets
acquired. In accordance with SFAS No. 142, goodwill will not be amortized but will be tested for
impairment at least annually. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
The Company has included the results of operations of iFone in its consolidated financial
statements subsequent to the date of the acquisition. The unaudited financial information in the
table below summarizes the combined results of operations of the Company and iFone, on a pro forma
basis, as though the companies had been combined as of the beginning of the period presented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three |
|
|
Months |
|
|
Ended |
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
2006 |
Total pro forma revenues |
|
$ |
10,495 |
|
Gross profit |
|
|
7,173 |
|
Pro forma net loss |
|
|
(7,728 |
) |
Pro forma net loss per share basic and diluted |
|
|
(1.68 |
) |
13
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
The Company is presenting pro forma financial information for informational purposes only, and
this information is not intended to be indicative of the results of operations that would have been
achieved if the acquisitions had taken place at the beginning of 2006. The pro forma financial
information above includes a charge of $1,500 for IPR&D.
Note 3 Balance Sheet Components
Property and Equipment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Computer equipment |
|
$ |
2,179 |
|
|
$ |
1,856 |
|
Furniture and fixtures |
|
|
1,366 |
|
|
|
1,260 |
|
Software |
|
|
2,060 |
|
|
|
1,714 |
|
Leasehold improvements |
|
|
984 |
|
|
|
1,129 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,589 |
|
|
|
5,959 |
|
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
|
|
(2,930 |
) |
|
|
(2,479 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
3,659 |
|
|
$ |
3,480 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 were $447 and
$336, respectively.
Accounts Receivable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Accounts receivable |
|
$ |
15,967 |
|
|
$ |
14,914 |
|
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts |
|
|
(443 |
) |
|
|
(466 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
15,524 |
|
|
$ |
14,448 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable includes amounts billed and unbilled as of the respective balance sheet
dates. The Company had no significant write-offs or recoveries during the three months ended March
31, 2007 and 2006.
Note 4 Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The Companys intangible assets were acquired in connection with the acquisitions of
Macrospace and iFone. The carrying amounts and accumulated amortization expense of the acquired
intangible assets at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated |
|
|
Balance at |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated |
|
|
Balance at |
|
|
|
Useful |
|
|
Acquisition |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
Acquisition |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization |
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
|
Life |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Impairment |
|
|
Expense |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Impairment |
|
|
Expense |
|
|
2007 |
|
Intangible assets amortized to cost of
revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Titles, context and technology |
|
2.5 yrs |
|
$ |
5,300 |
|
|
$ |
(1,103 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,373 |
) |
|
$ |
1,824 |
|
|
$ |
5,300 |
|
|
$ |
(1,103 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,779 |
) |
|
$ |
1,418 |
|
Catalogs |
|
1 yr |
|
|
1,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,500 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,500 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Provision X Technology |
|
6 yrs |
|
|
247 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(192 |
) |
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
247 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(196 |
) |
|
|
51 |
|
Carrier contract and related relationships |
|
5 yrs |
|
|
2,200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(563 |
) |
|
|
1,637 |
|
|
|
2,200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(673 |
) |
|
|
1,527 |
|
Licensed content |
|
5 yrs |
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(60 |
) |
|
|
340 |
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(80 |
) |
|
|
320 |
|
Trademarks |
|
3 yrs |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(37 |
) |
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,747 |
|
|
|
(1,103 |
) |
|
|
(4,725 |
) |
|
|
3,919 |
|
|
|
9,747 |
|
|
|
(1,103 |
) |
|
|
(5,278 |
) |
|
|
3,366 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other intangible assets amortized to
operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Emux Technology |
|
6 yrs |
|
|
1,600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(545 |
) |
|
|
1,055 |
|
|
|
1,600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(611 |
) |
|
|
989 |
|
Non-compete agreement |
|
2 yrs |
|
|
700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(700 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(700 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,245 |
) |
|
|
1,055 |
|
|
|
2,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,311 |
) |
|
|
989 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total intangible assets |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
12,047 |
|
|
$ |
(1,103 |
) |
|
$ |
(5,970 |
) |
|
$ |
4,974 |
|
|
$ |
12,047 |
|
|
$ |
(1,103 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,589 |
) |
|
$ |
4,355 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
The Company has included amortization of acquired intangible assets directly attributable to
revenue-generating activities in cost of revenues. The Company has included amortization of
acquired intangible assets not directly attributable to revenue-generating activities in operating
expenses. During the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company recorded amortization
expense in the amounts of $552 and $118, respectively, in cost of revenues. During the three months
ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company recorded amortization expense in the amounts of $67 and
$154, respectively, in operating expenses.
As of March 31, 2007, the total expected future amortization related to intangible assets was
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization |
|
|
Amortization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Included in |
|
|
Included in |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
Cost of |
|
|
Operating |
|
|
Amortization |
|
Fiscal Years: |
|
Revenues |
|
|
Expenses |
|
|
Expense |
|
2007 (remaining nine months) |
|
|
1,519 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
1,719 |
|
2008 |
|
|
883 |
|
|
|
267 |
|
|
|
1,150 |
|
2009 |
|
|
526 |
|
|
|
267 |
|
|
|
793 |
|
2010 |
|
|
354 |
|
|
|
255 |
|
|
|
609 |
|
2011 and thereafter |
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
3,366 |
|
|
$ |
989 |
|
|
$ |
4,355 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company attributes all of the goodwill resulting from the Macrospace acquisition to its
EMEA reporting unit. The goodwill resulting from the iFone acquisition is evenly attributed to its
Americas and EMEA reporting units. The goodwill allocated to the Americas reporting unit is
denominated in United States Dollars, and the goodwill allocated to the EMEA reporting unit is
denominated in pounds sterling. As a result, the goodwill attributed to the EMEA reporting unit is
subject to foreign currency fluctuations. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, goodwill
increased by $60 due to the United States Dollar weakening against the pound sterling. During the
year ended December 31, 2006, goodwill increased by $3,081 due to the United States Dollar
weakening against the pound sterling. Goodwill at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 was $38,787
and $38,727, respectively.
Note 5 Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
The Company leases office space under noncancelable operating facility leases with various
expiration dates through December 2011. Rent expense for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and
2006 was $410 and $336, respectively. The terms of the facility leases provide for rental payments
on a graduated scale. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease
period, and has accrued for rent expense incurred but not paid. The deferred rent balance was $296
and $225 at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively, and was included within other
long-term liabilities.
At March 31, 2007, future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases were as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minimum |
|
|
|
Operating |
|
|
|
Lease |
|
Fiscal Years: |
|
Payments |
|
2007 (remaining nine months) |
|
$ |
1,246 |
|
2008 |
|
|
1,087 |
|
2009 |
|
|
750 |
|
2010 |
|
|
750 |
|
2011 |
|
|
470 |
|
2012 and thereafter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
4,303 |
|
|
|
|
|
15
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
Capital Lease
The Company has one lease that it accounts for as a capital lease. It capitalized a total of
$114 as computer equipment under this lease during the year ended December 31, 2005. The Company
recorded no capital lease obligations during the year ended December 31, 2006 or during the three
months ended March 31, 2007. Accumulated depreciation associated with this capital lease was $57
and $47 at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. The Company has a commitment to pay
$13 under this lease for the remaining nine months of 2007.
Minimum Guaranteed Royalties
The Company has entered into license and development agreements with various owners of brands
and other intellectual property so that it could develop and publish games for mobile handsets.
Pursuant to some of these agreements, the Company is required to pay minimal royalties over the
term of the agreements regardless of actual game sales. Future minimum royalty payments for those
agreements as of March 31, 2007 were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minimum |
|
|
Guaranteed |
Fiscal Year: |
|
Royalties |
2007 (remaining nine months) |
|
$ |
1,525 |
2008 |
|
|
1,660 |
2009 |
|
|
1,065 |
2010 |
|
|
1,005 |
2011 |
|
|
350 |
2012 and thereafter |
|
|
375 |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
5,980 |
|
|
|
Commitments in the above table include $3,205 of guaranteed royalties to licensors that are
included in the Companys consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2007 because the licensors do
not have any significant performance obligations. These commitments are included in both current
and long-term prepaid and accrued royalties.
Indemnification Arrangements
The Company has entered into agreements under which it indemnifies each of its officers and
directors during his or her lifetime for certain events or occurrences while the officer or
director is or was serving at the Companys request in that capacity. The maximum potential amount
of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is
unlimited; however, the Company has a director and officer insurance policy that limits its
exposure and enables the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. As a result of
its insurance policy coverage, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these
indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, the Company had recorded no liabilities for
these agreements as of March 31, 2007 or December 31, 2006.
In the ordinary course of its business, the Company includes standard indemnification
provisions in most of its license agreements with carriers and other distributors. Pursuant to
these provisions, the Company indemnifies these parties for losses suffered or incurred in
connection with its games, including as a result of intellectual property infringement and viruses,
worms and other malicious software. The term of these indemnity provisions is generally perpetual
after execution of the corresponding license agreement, and the maximum potential amount of future
payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification provisions is generally
unlimited. The Company has never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle indemnified claims of
these types. As a result, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these indemnity
provisions is minimal. Accordingly, the Company had recorded no liabilities for these provisions as
of March 31, 2007 or December 31, 2006.
Contingencies
The Company is subject to claims and assessments from time to time in the ordinary course of
business. The Companys management does not believe that any of these matters, individually or in
the aggregate, will have a materially adverse effect on the Companys business, financial condition
or results of operation, and thus no amounts were accrued for these exposures at March 31, 2007.
16
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
Note 6 Debt
Loan Agreement
In May 2006, the Company entered into a loan agreement (the Loan) with a principal in the
amount of $12,000. The Loan had an interest rate of 11%. The Company was obligated to pay only
interest through December 31, 2006. Beginning January 1, 2007, the Company became obligated to pay
30 equal payments of principal and accrued interest until the entire principal is paid. As of March
31, 2007, all borrowings were
repaid in full. As a result of the repayment, the remaining unamortized debt issuance costs of
$66 were amortized to interest expense during the first quarter of 2007.
In conjunction with the Loan, the Company issued to entities affiliated with the lender
warrants to purchase 106 shares of Series D Preferred Stock with an exercise price of $9.03 per
share and a contractual life of seven years. The Company calculated the fair value of each warrant
using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: volatility of 73%,
term of seven years, risk-free interest rate of 5.1% and dividend yield of 0%. The Company recorded
the fair value of the warrants of $607 as a discount to the carrying value of the Loan. Upon
repayment of the Loan in March 2007, the remaining unamortized debt discount of $477 was amortized
in full to interest expense. These warrants converted into warrants to purchase an equal number of
shares of common stock upon the closing of the IPO and remained outstanding at March 31, 2007.
Line of Credit Facility
In February 2007, the Company entered into an agreement to secure a revolving line of credit
that allows the Company to borrow up to $8,000. The facility is restricted to 80% of the Companys
eligible domestic accounts receivable. The line carries an interest rate equal to the prime rate
plus 1% and matures in 24 months. Payments on any borrowings would be interest only with any
remaining borrowings due at maturity. The line is collateralized by all of the assets of the
Company, including intellectual property. The Company is required to maintain a minimum tangible
net worth of $3,000. Also, if the Companys net cash balance, excluding any borrowings under this
line of credit, declines below $3,500, then the Companys accounts receivable must be collected by
means of a lock box, the interest rate on any borrowings would be increased to the prime rate plus
2% and the Company would have to pay a one-time fee to the lender of $50. To date, there have been
no borrowings under this facility. The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of March 31,
2007.
Note 7 Sale of ProvisionX Software
In January 2007, the Company signed an agreement with a third party for the sale of its
ProvisionX software for $1.1 million. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will co-own the
intellectual property rights to the ProvisionX software, excluding any alterations or modifications
following completion of the sale, by the third party. The Company recognized a net gain on the sale
of assets of $1,040 which includes approximately $60 of selling costs incurred during the
transition.
Note 8 Stockholders Equity/(Deficit)
Common Stock
In March 2007, the Company completed its IPO of common stock in which it sold and issued 7,300
shares of common stock at an issue price of $11.50 per share. The Company raised a total of $83,950
in gross proceeds from the IPO, or approximately $74,744 in net proceeds after deducting
underwriting discounts and commissions of $5,877 and other offering costs of $3,329. Upon the
closing of the IPO, all shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding automatically
converted into 15,680 shares of common stock.
In April 2007, the underwriters exercised a portion of the over-allotment option as to 199
shares, all of which were sold by stockholders and not by the Company.
Early Exercise of Employee Options
Stock options granted under the Companys stock option plan provide certain employee option
holders the right to elect to exercise unvested options in exchange for shares of restricted common
stock. Unvested shares, in the amounts of 94 and 108 at
17
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006,
respectively, were subject to a repurchase right held by the Company at the original issuance price
in the event the optionees employment is terminated either voluntarily or involuntarily. For
exercises of employee options, this right generally lapses as to 25% of the shares subject to the
option on the first anniversary of the vesting start date and as to 1/48th of the shares monthly
thereafter. These repurchase terms are considered to be a forfeiture provision and do not result in
variable accounting. The restricted shares issued upon early exercise of stock options are legally
issued and outstanding and have been reflected in stockholders equity/(deficit). The Company
treats cash received from employees for exercise of unvested options as a refundable deposit shown
as a liability in its consolidated financial statements. As of March 31, 2007 and December 31,
2006, the Company included cash received for early exercise of options of $81 and $92,
respectively, in accrued liabilities. Amounts from accrued liabilities are transferred into common
stock and additional paid-in capital as the shares vest.
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock
In connection with the issuance of its Series A Preferred Stock, the Company issued warrants
to purchase 20 shares of common stock. These warrants had an exercise price of $0.36 per share and
an expiration date of December 31, 2007. During the year ended December 31, 2006, these warrants
were exercised for gross proceeds of $7.
Upon the effective date of the IPO, warrants to purchase 229 shares of redeemable convertible
preferred stock converted into warrants to purchase 229 shares of common stock. As discussed in
Note 1, the Company classified the freestanding redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants as
a liability and adjusted the warrants to fair value at each reporting period until the completion
of the IPO. Upon closing of the IPO, the preferred stock warrant liability of $1,985 was reclassed
to additional paid-in capital.
In February 2007, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 272 shares of common
stock with an exercise price of $0.0003 per share to certain holders of Series D or D-1 redeemable
convertible preferred stock as an inducement for these holders to convert their preferred stock
into common stock upon the consummation of the Companys IPO. These warrants expire 30 days
following the completion of the Companys IPO, provided that, if the date of effectiveness of that
offering was not March 31, 2007 or earlier, the warrants would expire. In connection with the
issuance of the warrants, the Company received an agreement to convert all shares of preferred
stock to common stock upon completion of the Companys IPO from holders of the requisite number of
shares to cause that conversion, provided that the registration statement for the initial public
offering was effective on or before March 31, 2007. The Company recorded a deemed dividend of $3.1
million in connection with the issuance of the warrants during the three months ending March 31,
2007. The deemed dividend represented the fair value of the warrants and was calculated using the
share price at the date of the IPO closing of $11.50 per share and the strike price of the warrants
of $0.0003 per share. These warrants were exercised in April 2007.
As of March 31, 2007, 501 warrants to purchase common stock remained outstanding, including
the warrants issued in connection with the Loan.
Note 9 Stock Option Plans and Stock Purchase Plan
2001 Stock Plan
In December 2001, the Company adopted the 2001 Stock Option Plan (the 2001 Plan). The 2001
Plan provides for the granting of stock options to employees, directors, consultants, independent
contractors and advisors of the Company. Options granted under the 2001 Plan may be either
incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options. Incentive stock options (ISO) may be
granted only to Company employees (including officers and directors who are also employees).
Nonqualified stock options (NSO) may be granted to Company employees, directors, consultants,
independent contractors and advisors. As of March 31, 2007, the Company had authorized 4,498 shares
of common stock for issuance under the 2001 Plan.
2007 Equity Incentive Plan
In January 2007, the Companys Board of Directors adopted, and in March 2007 the stockholders
approved, the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2007 Plan). The Company has reserved 1,766 shares
of its common stock for grant and issuance under the 2007 Plan. In addition, shares not issued or
subject to outstanding grants under the 2001 Plan on the date of adoption of the 2007 Plan and any
shares issued under the 2001 Plan that are forfeited or repurchased by the Company or that are
issuable upon exercise of options that expire or become unexercisable for any reason without having
been exercised in full, will be available
18
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
for grant and issuance under the 2007 Plan. At the time
of adoption, there were 1,766 shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2007 Plan
plus 195 shares of common stock from the 2001 Plan that were unissued. The number of shares
available for grant and issuance under the 2007 Plan will be increased on January 1 of each of 2008
through 2011, by the lesser of (i) 3% of the number of shares of the Companys common stock issued
and outstanding on each December 31 immediately prior to the date of increase or (ii) such number
of shares determined by the Board of Directors.
The Company may grant options under the 2007 Plan at prices no less than 85% of the estimated
fair value of the shares on the date of grant as determined by its Board of Directors, provided,
however, that (i) the exercise price of an ISO or NSO may not be less than 100% or 85%,
respectively, of the estimated fair value of the underlying shares of common stock on the grant
date, and (ii) the exercise price of an ISO or NSO granted to a 10% stockholder may not be less
than 110% of the estimated fair value of the shares on the grant date.
Generally, options granted under the 2007 Plan are exercisable for a period of five or ten
years after the date of grant, and the shares of common stock subject to the option vest at a rate
of 1/4 of the shares on the first anniversary of the grant date of the option and an additional 1/48
of the shares upon completion of each succeeding full month of continuous employment thereafter.
The Board of Directors may terminate the 2007 Plan at any time at its discretion.
2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In January 2007, the Companys Board of Directors adopted, and in March 2007 the stockholders
approved, the 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the 2007 Purchase Plan). The Company has reserved
667 shares of its common stock for issuance under the 2007 Purchase Plan. On each January 1 for the
first eight calendar years after the first offering date, the aggregate number of shares of the
Companys common stock reserved for issuance under the 2007 Purchase Plan will be increased
automatically by the number of shares equal to 1% of
the total number of outstanding shares of the Companys common stock on the immediately
preceding December 31, provided that the Board of Directors may reduce the amount of the increase
in any particular year and provided further that the aggregate number of shares issued over the
term of the 2007 Purchase Plan may not exceed 5,333.
Stock Option Activity
The following table summarizes the Companys stock option activity for the three months ended
March 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Available |
|
|
Number of |
|
|
Average |
|
|
Average |
|
|
Aggregate |
|
|
|
for |
|
|
Options |
|
|
Exercise |
|
|
Contractual |
|
|
Intrinsic |
|
|
|
Grant |
|
|
Outstanding |
|
|
Price |
|
|
Term (Years) |
|
|
Value |
|
Balances, December 31, 2006 |
|
|
476 |
|
|
|
2,882 |
|
|
$ |
5.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional Authorized |
|
|
1,766 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted |
|
|
(468 |
) |
|
|
468 |
|
|
|
11.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(99 |
) |
|
|
0.84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited, cancelled or expired |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
6.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balances, March 31, 2007 |
|
|
1,794 |
|
|
|
3,231 |
|
|
$ |
6.04 |
|
|
|
7.09 |
|
|
$ |
13,843 |
|
Options vested and expected to vest
at March 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,742 |
|
|
$ |
5.70 |
|
|
|
6.83 |
|
|
$ |
12,612 |
|
Options exercisable at March 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
947 |
|
|
$ |
2.41 |
|
|
|
4.68 |
|
|
$ |
7,189 |
|
The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding table is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of
the underlying awards and the quoted closing price of the Companys common stock of $10.00 per share as of March 31,
2007. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, the aggregate intrinsic value of options
exercised under the Companys stock option plans was $134. As of March 31, 2007, the Company had $7,218 of total unrecognized
compensation expense under SFAS No. 123R, net of estimated forfeitures, that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.77 years. As permitted by SFAS No. 123R, the
Company has deferred the recognition of its excess tax benefit from non-qualified stock option
exercises.
Included in the above table are 4 non-employee stock options granted. The non-employee options
outstanding had an exercise price of $11.00 per share, a remaining contractual term of 1 year and
no intrinsic value at March 31, 2007.
19
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
The Company adopted SFAS No. 123R on January 1, 2006. Under SFAS No. 123R, the Company
estimated the fair value of each option award on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option
valuation model and the weighted average assumptions noted in the following table.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months |
|
|
Ended March 31, |
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
Dividend yield |
|
|
0 |
% |
|
|
0 |
% |
Risk-free interest rate |
|
|
4.65 |
% |
|
|
4.52 |
% |
Expected term (years) |
|
|
6.08 |
|
|
|
6.08 |
|
Expected volatility |
|
|
59.2 |
% |
|
|
88.0 |
% |
The Company based expected volatility on the historical volatility of a peer group of publicly
traded entities. The expected term of options gave consideration to early exercises, post-vesting
cancellations and the options contractual term, which was extended for all options granted
subsequent to September 12, 2005 from five to ten years. The risk-free interest rate for the
expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity Rate as of the date of
grant.
SFAS No. 123R requires nonpublic companies that used the minimum value method under SFAS No.
123 to apply the prospective transition method of SFAS No. 123R. Prior to adoption of SFAS No.
123R, the Company used the minimum value method, and it therefore has not restated its financial
results for prior periods. Under the prospective method, stock-based compensation expense for the
year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007 includes compensation
expense for (i) all new stock-based compensation awards granted after January 1, 2006 based on the
grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123R, (ii) unmodified
awards granted prior to but not vested as of December 31, 2005 accounted for under APB No. 25 and
(iii) awards outstanding as of December 31, 2005 that were modified after the adoption of SFAS No.
123R.
The Company calculated employee stock-based compensation expense recognized in the three
months ended March 31, 2007 based on awards ultimately expected to vest and reduced it for
estimated forfeitures. SFAS No. 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and
revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
The following table summarizes the consolidated stock-based compensation expense by line items
in the consolidated statement of operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
March 31, |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
Research and development |
|
$ |
95 |
|
|
$ |
33 |
Sales and marketing |
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
27 |
General and administrative |
|
|
416 |
|
|
|
207 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stock-based compensation expense |
|
$ |
608 |
|
|
$ |
267 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated net cash proceeds from option exercises were $80 and $10 for the three months
ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The Company realized no income tax benefit from stock
option exercises during the three months ended March 31, 2007 or 2006. As required, the Company
presents excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options, if any, as financing cash flows
rather than operating cash flows.
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, the Company modified one option agreement. The
modifications involved the acceleration of the vesting of one grant totaling 1 share of common
stock. The Company recorded a charge of $5 in connection with this modification for the three
months ended March 31, 2007. During the three months ended March 31, 2006, the Company modified two
option agreements of two members of the Companys Board of Directors. The modifications included
the repricing of one option for 50 shares of common stock from $4.80 to $3.57 per share and
accelerating the vesting of the other option totaling 15 shares of common stock. The Company
recorded a charge of $44 in connection with these modifications.
20
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
Restricted Stock
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, the Company granted 4 shares of restricted stock
to a director of the Company who had elected to receive restricted stock in lieu of an option
grant. The restricted stock vest as to 50% of the shares after six months and thereafter will vest
pro rata monthly for the next six months. The Company did not grant any restricted stock during the
three months ended March 31, 2006.
Note 10 Income Taxes
The company recorded an income tax provision of $272 and $106 for the three months ended March
31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The income tax rates vary from the Federal and State statutory
rates due to the valuation allowances on our net operating losses, foreign tax rate differences,
and withholding taxes.
The Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007. The total amount of
unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of adoption was $575. As of March 31, 2007, the
recognition of the uncertain tax benefits above would not have an impact to our effective tax rate.
In the absence of a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets the recognition of these
uncertain tax benefits would have an impact to our effective tax rate.
The Companys policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax
benefits in income tax expense. The Company does not have any uncertain tax positions that would
result in a payment of cash taxes, and as such, the Company does not have any interest accrued on
uncertain tax positions as of the reporting date. As of March 31, 2007, the Company did not have
any penalties accrued for uncertain tax positions.
The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions. The material
jurisdictions subject to examination by tax authorities are primarily the U.S., California and
United Kingdom. The Companys Federal tax return is open by statute for tax years 2003 and forward
and could be subject to examination by the tax authorities. The Companys California income tax
returns are open by statute for tax years 2002 and forward. The statute of limitations for the
Companys 2005 tax return in the United Kingdom will close in 2008.
Note 11 Segment Reporting
Statement of Financial Accounting Statements No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an
Enterprise and Related Information, establishes standards for reporting information about operating
segments. It defines operating segments as components of an enterprise about which separate
financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating
decision-maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing
performance. The Companys chief operating decision-maker is its Chief Executive Officer. The
Companys Chief Executive Officer reviews financial information on a geographic basis, however
these aggregate into one operating segment for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating
financial performance. Accordingly, the Company reports as a single operating segment mobile
games. It attributes revenues to geographic areas based on the country in which the carriers
principal operations are located.
The Company generates its revenues in the following geographic regions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months |
|
|
Ended March 31, |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
United States of America |
|
$ |
8,438 |
|
|
$ |
4,576 |
United Kingdom |
|
|
1,684 |
|
|
|
533 |
Americas, excluding the USA |
|
|
1,044 |
|
|
|
509 |
EMEA, excluding the United Kingdom |
|
|
3,451 |
|
|
|
2,008 |
Other |
|
|
1,081 |
|
|
|
447 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
15,698 |
|
|
$ |
8,073 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
21
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data) (Continued)
The company attributes its long-lived assets, which primarily consist of property and
equipment, to a country primarily based on the physical location of the assets. Property and
equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, summarized by geographic location was
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Americas |
|
$ |
2,177 |
|
|
$ |
1,956 |
|
EMEA |
|
|
1,381 |
|
|
|
1,407 |
|
Other |
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
3,659 |
|
|
$ |
3,480 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 12 Subsequent Events
In April 2007, the underwriters of the Companys IPO exercised a portion of the over-allotment
option as to 199 shares, all of which were sold by stockholders and not by the Company.
In April 2007, Granite Global Ventures II, L.P. and TWI Glu Mobile Holdings Inc. exercised
their warrants to purchase an aggregate of 272 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of
$0.0003 per share.
22
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements and Factors That May Affect Future Results
The following discussion an analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be
read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related
notes thereto included elsewhere in this Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial
statements and notes thereto and managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and
results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 included in the final prospectus for our
IPO dated March 21, 2007, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on March 22,
2007. This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning
of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements are often
identified by the use of words such as may, will, expect, believe, anticipate, intend,
could, estimate, or continue, and similar expressions or variations. Such forward-looking
statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results
and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by
such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences
include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled
Risk Factors, set forth in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q and in our other SEC filings,
including our final prospectus dated March 21, 2007, which we filed in connection with our initial
public offering. We disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect
events or circumstances after the date of such statements.
Overview
Glu Mobile is a leading global publisher of mobile games. We have developed and published a
portfolio of more than 100 casual and traditional games to appeal to a broad cross section of the
over one billion subscribers served by our more than 150 wireless carriers and other distributors.
We create games and related applications based on third-party licensed brands and other
intellectual property, as well as on our own original brands and intellectual property. Our games
based on licensed intellectual property include Deer Hunter, Diner Dash, Monopoly, Sonic the
Hedgehog, World Series of Poker and Zuma. Our original games based on our own intellectual property
include Alpha Wing, Ancient Empires, Blackjack Hustler, Brain Genius, Stranded and Super K.O.
Boxing.
We seek to attract end users by developing engaging content that is designed specifically to
take advantage of the portability and networked nature of mobile handsets. We leverage the
marketing resources and distribution infrastructures of wireless carriers and the brands and other
intellectual property of third-party content owners, which allows us to focus our efforts on
developing and publishing high-quality mobile games.
We believe that improving quality and greater availability of mobile games are increasing
end-user awareness of and demand for mobile games. At the same time, carriers and branded content
owners are focusing on a small group of publishers that have the ability to produce high-quality
mobile games consistently and port them rapidly and cost effectively to a wide variety of handsets.
Additionally, branded content owners are seeking publishers that have the ability to distribute
games globally through relationships with most or all of the major carriers. We believe we have
created the requisite development and porting technology and have achieved the requisite scale to
be in this group. We also believe that leveraging our carrier and content owner relationships
will allow us to grow our revenues without corresponding percentage growth in our
infrastructure and operating costs.
Our revenue growth rate will depend significantly on continued growth in the mobile game
market and our ability to continue to attract new end users in that market. Our ability to attain
profitability will be affected by the extent to which we must incur additional expenses to expand
our sales, marketing, development, and general and administrative capabilities to grow our
business. The largest component of our expenses is personnel costs. Personnel costs consist of
salaries, benefits and incentive compensation, including bonuses and stock-based compensation, for
our employees. Our operating expenses will continue to grow in absolute dollars, assuming our
revenues continue to grow. As a percentage of revenues, we expect these expenses to decrease.
We were incorporated in May 2001 and introduced our first mobile games to the market in July
2002. In December 2004 and in March 2006, we acquired Macrospace and iFone, respectively, each a
mobile game developer and publisher based in the United Kingdom. In the third quarter of 2005, we
opened a Hong Kong office; in the third quarter of 2006, we opened an office
23
in France; in the
fourth quarter of 2006, we opened additional offices in Brazil and Germany; and in the second
quarter of 2007, we opened an office in Spain.
We acquired Macrospace to continue to develop and secure direct distribution relationships
with the leading wireless carriers, to deepen and broaden our game library, to acquire access and
rights to leading licenses and franchises (including original intellectual property) and to augment
our internal production and publishing resources. We acquired iFone to continue to deepen and
broaden our game library, to acquire access and rights to leading licenses and franchises and to
augment our external production resources. These acquisitions were part of our strategy of
expanding into Europe to address the desire of wireless carriers to work with publishers that have
large and diverse portfolios of high-quality games based on well-known brands and of branded
content owners to work with publishers that have global distribution capabilities. These
acquisitions:
|
|
|
enabled us to port the acquired companies games to additional handsets and distribute
them in other geographies; |
|
|
|
|
enabled us to distribute our original and licensed intellectual property in the
geographies where these companies had distribution relationships; |
|
|
|
|
provided complementary technical production capabilities that enabled the combined
companies to create products superior to those developed by either separately; |
|
|
|
|
enabled us to develop games targeted to the European market, and localize our existing games; |
|
|
|
|
expanded and deepened our management capacity and capability to conduct business globally; and |
|
|
|
|
enabled us to compete for licenses on a broader scale because of enhanced distribution
and production capabilities. |
In March 2007, we completed our initial public offering, or IPO, of common stock in which we
sold and issued 7,300,000 shares of common stock at a price of $11.50 per share to the public. We
raised a total of $83,950,000 in gross proceeds from the IPO, or approximately $74,744,000 in net
proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $5,877,000 and other offering
costs of $3,329,000. Upon the
closing of the IPO, all shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding
automatically converted into 15,680,292 shares of common stock.
We believe that the acquisitions and the IPO, together with our internal growth, have
significantly enhanced our attractiveness to wireless carriers and branded content owners, allowing
us to pursue our ongoing strategy.
Revenues
We generate the vast majority of our revenues from wireless carriers that market and
distribute our games. These carriers generally charge a one-time purchase fee or a monthly
subscription fee on their subscribers phone bills when the subscribers download our games to their
mobile phones. The carriers perform the billing and collection functions and generally remit to us
a contractual fee or a contractual percentage of their collected fee for each game. We recognize as
revenues the percentage of the fees due to us from the carrier (see Critical Accounting Policies
and Estimates Revenue Recognition below). End users may also initiate the purchase of our games
through various Internet portal sites or through other delivery mechanisms, with carriers generally
continuing to be responsible for billing, collecting and remitting to us a portion of their fees.
To date, eliminating the impact of our acquisitions, our domestic revenues have grown more rapidly
than our international revenues, and this trend may continue.
Cost of Revenues
Our cost of revenues consists primarily of royalties that we pay to content owners from which
we license brands and other intellectual property and, to a limited extent, to certain external
developers. Our cost of revenues also includes non-cash expenses amortization of certain acquired
intangible assets, any impairment of those intangible assets, and any impairment of prepaid
royalties and guarantees. We record advance royalty payments made to content licensors as prepaid
royalties on our balance sheet when payment is made to the licensor. We recognize royalties in cost
of revenues based upon the revenues derived from the relevant game multiplied by the applicable
royalty rate. If our licensors earn royalties in excess of their advance royalties, we also
recognize these excess royalties as cost of revenues in the period they are earned by the licensor.
If applicable, we will record an impairment of prepaid royalties or accrue for future guaranteed
royalties that are in excess of
24
anticipated demand or net realizable value. At each balance sheet
date, we perform a detailed review of prepaid royalties and guarantees that considers multiple
factors, including forecasted demand, game life cycle status, game development plans, and current
and anticipated sales levels.
We pay some of our external developers, especially in Europe, royalties in addition to
payments for game development costs. We recognize these royalties as cost of revenues in the period
the developer earns the royalties based upon the revenues derived from the relevant game multiplied
by the applicable royalty rate. We expense the costs for development of our games prior to
technological feasibility as we incur them throughout the development process, and we include these
costs in research and development expenses (see Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Software Development Costs below). To date, royalties paid to developers have not been
significant, but we expect them to increase in aggregate amount based on our existing contracts
with developers.
Absent further impairments of existing intangible assets, we expect amortization of intangible
assets included in cost of revenues to be $1,519,000 for the remaining nine months of 2007,
$883,000 in 2008, $526,000 in
2009, $354,000 in 2010 and $84,000 in 2011. These amounts would likely increase if we make
future acquisitions.
Gross Margin
Our gross margin is determined principally by the mix of games that we license. Our games
based on licensed intellectual property require us to pay royalties to the licensor and the royalty
rates in our licenses vary significantly; our original Glu-branded games, which are based on our
own intellectual property, require no royalty payments to licensors. There are multiple internal
and external factors that affect the mix of revenues from licensed games and Glu-branded games,
including the overall number of licensed games and Glu-branded games available for sale during a
particular period, the extent of our and our carriers marketing efforts for each game, and the
deck placement of each game on our carriers mobile handsets. We believe the success of any
individual game during a particular period is affected by its quality and third-party ratings, its
marketing and media exposure, its consumer recognizability, its overall acceptance by end users and
the availability of competitive games. If our product mix shifts more to licensed games or games
with higher royalty rates, our gross margin would decline. Our gross margin is also adversely
affected by ongoing amortization of acquired intangible assets, such as licensed content, games,
trademarks and carrier contracts, that are directly related to revenue-generating activities and by
periodic charges for impairment of these assets and of prepaid royalties and guarantees. These
charges can cause gross margin variations, particularly from quarter to quarter.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses primarily include research and development expenses, sales and
marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses. They have in the past also included
amortization of acquired intangible assets not directly related to revenue-generating activities
and, in one period, a restructuring charge and a charge for acquired in-process research and
development.
Research and Development. Our research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries
and benefits for employees working on creating, developing, porting, quality assurance, carrier
certification and deployment of our games, on technologies related to interoperating with our
various wireless carriers and on our internal platforms, payments to third parties for developing
and porting of our games, and allocated facilities costs.
We devote substantial resources to the development, porting and quality assurance of our games
and expect this to continue in the future. We believe that developing games internally through our
own development studios allows us to increase operating margins, leverage the technology we have
developed and better control game delivery. During 2006, as a result of our acquisition of iFone,
we substantially increased our use of external development resources, but we currently do not
expect further significant increases in expenses for external development. Our games generally
require six months to one year to produce, based on the complexity and feature set of the game
developed, the number of carrier wireless platforms and mobile handsets covered, and the experience
of the internal or external developer. We expect our research and development expenses will
increase in absolute terms as we continue to create new games and technologies, but that these
expenses will continue to decline as a percentage of revenues.
Sales and Marketing. Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits
and incentive compensation for sales and marketing personnel, expenses for advertising, trade
shows, public relations and
other promotional and marketing
25
activities, expenses for general business development
activities, travel and entertainment expenses and allocated facilities costs. We expect sales and
marketing expenses to increase in absolute terms with the growth of our business and as we further
promote our games and the Glu brand. Although we expect our variable marketing expenses to increase
at least as rapidly as our revenues, we expect that our sales and marketing headcount will not
increase as rapidly as revenues and that therefore sales and marketing expenses will continue to
decrease as a percentage of revenues.
General and Administrative. Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of
salaries and benefits for general and administrative personnel, consulting fees, legal, accounting
and other professional fees, information technology costs and allocated facilities costs. We expect
that general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute terms as we hire additional
personnel and incur costs related to the anticipated growth of our business and our operation as a
public company. We also expect that these expenses will increase because of the additional costs to
comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related regulation, our efforts to expand our international
operations and, in the near term, additional accounting costs related to the public offering of our
common stock. However, we expect these expenses to continue to decrease as a percentage of
revenues.
Based on our current revenue and expense projections, we expect that our various operating
expense categories will decline as a percentage of revenues. We could fail to increase our revenues
as anticipated, and we could decide to increase expenses in one or more categories to respond to
competitive pressures or for other reasons. In these cases and others, it is possible that one or
more of our operating expense categories would not decline as a percentage of revenues.
Amortization of Intangible Assets. We record amortization of acquired intangible assets that
are directly related to revenue-generating activities as part of our cost of revenues and
amortization of the remaining acquired intangible assets, such as non-compete agreements, as
part of our operating expenses. We record intangible assets on our balance sheet based upon their
fair value at the time they are acquired. We determine the fair value of the intangible assets
using a discounted cash flows approach. We amortize the amortizable intangible assets using the
straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of two to six years. Absent impairments of
existing intangible assets, we expect amortization of existing intangible assets to be $200,000 for
the remaining nine months of 2007, $267,000 in 2008, $267,000 in 2009 and $255,000 in 2010. These
amounts would likely increase if we make future acquisitions.
Acquired In-Process Research and Development. We classify all development projects acquired
in business combinations as acquired in-process research and development, or IPR&D, if the
feasibility of the acquired technology has not been established and no future alternative uses
exist. We expense the fair value of IPR&D at the time it is acquired. We determine the fair value
of the IPR&D using a discounted cash flows approach. In estimating the appropriate discount rate,
we consider, among other things, the risks to developing technology given changes in trends and
technology in our industry. In 2006, we expensed the fair value of IPR&D acquired in the iFone
transaction.
Gain on Sale of Assets. Our gain on sale of assets relates entirely to the net proceeds from
the sale of our ProvisionX software to a third party. We do not anticipate additional gains on
asset sales in the future.
Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net
Interest and other income (expense), net, includes interest income, interest expense,
accretion of the debt discount related to the warrants issued to the lender in conjunction
with its March 2006 loan to us, changes in our preferred stock warrant liability and foreign
currency transaction gains and losses. Following the completion of the IPO our outstanding warrants
to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock converted into warrants to purchase common
stock, and we are no longer required to record changes in our preferred stock warrant liability
under Staff Position No. 150-5, Issuers Accounting under FASB Statement No. 150 for Freestanding
Warrants and Other Similar Instruments on Shares That Are Redeemable, or FSP 150-5, or accretion in
the debt discount related to the the lenders warrants. Following the IPO, we had additional
cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $76.5 million resulting from the
net proceeds of the IPO, based on the price to the public of $11.50 per share and after deducting
the underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses. This will likely cause a substantial
increase in our interest income.
Accounting for Income Taxes
We are subject to tax in the United States as well as other tax jurisdictions or countries in
which we conduct business. Earnings from our non-U.S. activities are subject to local country
income tax and may be subject to current United States
26
income tax depending on whether these
earnings are subject to U.S. income tax based upon U.S. anti-deferral rules, such as Subpart F of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. In addition, some revenues generated
outside of the United States and the United Kingdom may be subject to withholding taxes. In some
cases, these withholding taxes may be deductible on a current basis or may be available as a credit
to offset future income taxes depending on a variety of factors.
We record a valuation allowance to reduce any deferred tax asset to the amount that is more
likely than not to be realized. We consider historical levels of income, expectations and risks
associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning
strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. If we were to determine that we would
be able to realize deferred tax assets in the future in excess of the net recorded amount, we would
record an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance. Such an adjustment would
increase our income in the period the determination is made. Historically, we have incurred
operating losses and have generated significant net operating loss carryforwards. At December 31,
2006, we had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $28.5 million and $28.7 million for
federal and state tax purposes, respectively. These carryforwards will expire from 2011 to 2026.
Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards to offset any future taxable income may be
subject to restrictions attributable to equity transactions that result in changes of ownership as
defined by section 382 of the Code.
On January 1, 2007 we adopted the provisions of FIN 48, which clarifies the accounting for
uncertainty in income taxes recognized in financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109,
Accounting for Income Taxes. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute
of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. The interpretation also provides
guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods,
disclosure and transition.
Accretion of Preferred Stock and Deemed Dividend
Our Series A, B, C, D and D-1 mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred stock, which were
converted into common stock in connection with our IPO, had a mandatory redemption provision. In
each quarterly and annual period, we accreted the amount that is necessary to adjust the recorded
balance of this preferred stock to an amount equal to its estimated redemption value at its
redemption date using the effective interest method.
The redemption value is the par value of the preferred stock plus any dividends declared and
unpaid. Each share of our outstanding preferred stock was converted into common stock upon
completion of the IPO, and we ceased accreting upon this conversion. In February 2007, the
requisite holders of our preferred stock agreed to convert all shares of our preferred stock into
common stock upon completion of our IPO as long as the registration statement was effective on or
prior to March 31, 2007. In connection with this agreement, we issued warrants to purchase an
aggregate of 272,204 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.0003 per share exercisable
for a period of 30 days following completion of our IPO, provided that the registration statement
was effective on or prior to March 31, 2007. We recorded a deemed dividend related to these
warrants in the three months ending March 31, 2007 of $3.1 million as a charge to net loss
attributable to common stockholders. The deemed dividend represented the fair value of the warrants
and was calculated using the share price at the date of the IPO closing of $11.50 per share and the
strike price of the warrants of $0.0003 per share.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with United States generally
accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. These accounting principles require us to make certain
estimates and judgments that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the
dates of the consolidated financial statements, the disclosure of contingencies as of the dates of
the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
periods presented. Although we believe that our estimates and judgments are reasonable under the
circumstances existing at the time these estimates and judgments are made, actual results may
differ from those estimates, which could affect our consolidated financial statements.
We believe the following to be critical accounting policies because they are important to the
portrayal of our financial condition or results of operations and they require critical management
estimates and judgments about matters that are uncertain:
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revenue recognition; |
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advance or guaranteed licensor royalty payments; |
27
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software development costs; |
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stock-based compensation; and |
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income taxes. |
Revenue Recognition
We derive our revenues primarily by licensing software products in the form of mobile games.
License arrangements with our end users can be on a perpetual or subscription basis. A perpetual
license gives an end user the right to use the licensed game on the registered mobile handset on a
perpetual basis. A subscription license gives an end user the right to use the licensed game on the
registered handset for a limited period of time, ranging from a few days to as long as one month.
We distribute our products primarily through wireless carriers, which market our games to end
users. Carriers usually bill license fees for perpetual and subscription licenses upon download of
the game software by the end user. In the case of subscription licenses, many subscriber agreements
provide for automatic renewal until the subscriber opts-out, while the others provide for
opt-in renewal. In either case, subsequent billings for subscription licenses are generally
billed monthly. We apply the provisions of Statement of Position 97-2, Software Revenue
Recognition, as amended by Statement of Position 98-9, Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue
Recognition, With Respect to Certain Transactions, to all transactions.
We recognize revenues from our games when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the
game has been delivered, the fee is fixed or determinable, and the collection of the resulting
receivable is probable. For both perpetual and subscription licenses, we consider a signed license
agreement to be evidence of an arrangement with a carrier and a clickwrap agreement to be
evidence of an arrangement with an end user. For these licenses, we define delivery as the download
of the game by the end user.
We estimate revenues from carriers in the current period when reasonable estimates of these
amounts can be made. Several carriers provide reliable interim preliminary reporting and others
report sales data within a reasonable time frame following the end of each month, both of which
allow us to make reasonable estimates of revenues and therefore to recognize revenues during the
reporting period when the end user licenses the game. Determination of the appropriate amount of
revenue recognized involves judgments and estimates that we believe are reasonable, but it is
possible that actual results may differ from our estimates. Our estimates for revenues include
consideration of factors such as preliminary sales data, carrier-specific historical sales trends,
the age of games and the expected impact of newly launched games, successful introduction of new
handsets, promotions during the period and economic trends. When we receive the final carrier
reports, to the extent not received within a reasonable time frame following the end of each month,
we record any differences between estimated revenues and actual revenues in the reporting period
when we determine the actual amounts. Historically, the revenues on the final revenue report have
not differed by more than one-half of 1% of the reported revenues for the period, which we deemed
to be immaterial. Revenues earned from certain carriers may not be reasonably estimated. If we are
unable to reasonably estimate the amount of revenue to be recognized in the current period, we
recognize revenues upon the receipt of a carrier revenue report and when our portion of a games
licensed revenues is fixed or determinable and collection is probable. To monitor the reliability
of our estimates, our management, where possible, reviews the revenues by carrier and by game on a
weekly basis to identify unusual trends such as differential adoption rates by carriers or the
introduction of new handsets. If we deem a carrier not to be creditworthy, we defer all revenues
from the arrangement with that carrier until we receive payment and all other revenue recognition
criteria have been met.
In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force, or EITF, Issue No. 99-19, Reporting Revenue
Gross as a Principal Versus Net as an Agent, we recognize as revenues the amount the carrier
reports as payable to us upon the sale of our games. We have evaluated our carrier agreements and
have determined that we are not the principal when selling our games through carriers. Key
indicators that we evaluated in reaching this determination included:
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wireless subscribers directly contract with their carriers, which have most of the
service interaction and are generally viewed as the primary obligor by the subscribers; |
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carriers generally have significant control over the types of games that they offer to
their subscribers; |
28
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carriers are directly responsible for billing and collecting fees from their subscribers,
including the resolution of billing disputes; |
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carriers generally pay us a fixed percentage of their revenues or a fixed fee for each
game; |
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carriers generally must approve the price of our games in advance of their sale to
subscribers, and our more significant carriers generally have the ability to set the
ultimate price charged to their subscribers; and |
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we have limited risks, including no inventory risk and limited credit risk. |
Advance or Guaranteed Licensor Royalty Payments
Our royalty expenses consist of fees that we pay to branded content owners for the use of
their intellectual property, including trademarks and copyrights, in the development of our games.
Royalty-based obligations are either paid in advance and capitalized on our balance sheet as
prepaid royalties or accrued as incurred and subsequently paid. These royalty-based obligations are
expensed to cost of revenues at the greater of the revenues derived from the relevant game
multiplied by the applicable contractual rate or an effective royalty rate based on expected net
product sales. Advanced license payments that are not recoupable against future royalties are
capitalized and amortized over the lesser of the estimated life of the branded title or the term of
the license agreement.
Our contracts with some licensors include minimum guaranteed royalty payments, which are
payable regardless of the ultimate volume of sales to end users. Effective January 1, 2006, we
adopted FSP FIN 45-3, Application of FASB Interpretation No. 45 to Minimum Revenue Guarantees
Granted to a Business or Its Owners. As a result, we recorded a minimum guaranteed liability of
approximately $3.2 million at March 31, 2007 and $1.4 million as of December 31, 2006. When no
significant performance remains with the licensor, we initially record each of these guarantees as
an asset and as a liability at the contractual amount. We believe that the contractual amount
represents the fair value of our liability. When significant performance remains with the licensor,
we record royalty payments as an asset when actually paid and as a liability when incurred, rather
than upon execution of the contract. We classify minimum royalty payment obligations as current
liabilities to the extent they are contractually due within the next twelve months.
Each quarter, we also evaluate the realization of our royalties as well as any unrecognized
guarantees not yet paid to determine amounts that we deem unlikely to be realized through product
sales. We use estimates of revenues, cash flows and net margins to evaluate the future realization
of prepaid royalties and guarantees. This evaluation considers multiple factors, including the term
of the agreement, forecasted demand, game life cycle status, game development plans and current and
anticipated sales levels. To the extent that this evaluation indicates that the remaining prepaid
and guaranteed royalty payments are not recoverable, we record an impairment charge in the period
such impairment is indicated. Subsequently, if actual market conditions are more favorable than
anticipated, amounts of prepaid royalties previously written down may be utilized, resulting in
lower cost of revenues and higher income from operations than previously expected in that period.
We believe that the combination of the evolving market for licensing other companies intellectual
property and our improved license pre-qualification process will reduce risk of future impairments.
The impairments that we have recorded to date are predominantly related to license agreements
entered into prior to 2005 and had significant guarantees for which the success was tied to a
third-party product release. In 2005 and 2006, the market for licensed intellectual property
stabilized, resulting in lower upfront commitment fees. We believe our improved visibility
regarding forecasted demand and gaming trends supports our ability to reasonably determine the
realizability of the assets on our consolidated balance sheet.
Software Development Costs
We apply the principles of SFAS No. 86, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be
Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed. SFAS No. 86 requires that software development costs incurred
in conjunction with product development be charged to research and development expense until
technological feasibility is established. Thereafter, until the product is released for sale,
software development costs must be capitalized and reported at the lower of unamortized cost or net
realizable value of the related product. We have adopted the tested working model approach to
establishing technological feasibility for our games. Under this approach, we do not consider a
game in development to have passed the technological feasibility milestone until we have completed
a model of the game that contains essentially all the functionality and features of the final game
and have tested the model to ensure that it works as expected. To date, we have not incurred
significant costs between the establishment of technological feasibility and the release of a game
for sale; thus, we have expensed all software development costs as incurred.
29
We also will consider
the following factors in determining whether costs should be capitalized: the emerging nature of
the mobile game market; the gradual evolution of the wireless carrier platforms and mobile handsets
for which we develop games; the lack of pre-orders or sales history for our games; the uncertainty
regarding a games revenue-generating potential; our lack of control over the carrier distribution
channel resulting in uncertainty as to when, if ever, a game will be available for sale; and our
historical practice of canceling games at any stage of the development process.
Stock-Based Compensation
Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for stock-based employee compensation arrangements in
accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock
Issued to Employees, or APB No. 25, and related interpretations, and followed the disclosure
provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Under APB No. 25, compensation
expense for an option was based on the difference, if any, on the date of the grant between the
fair value of a companys common stock and the exercise price of the option. APB No. 25 required
companies to record deferred stock-based compensation on their balance sheets and amortize it to
expense over the vesting periods of the individual options. We amortize deferred stock-based
compensation using the multiple option method as prescribed by FASB Interpretation No. 28,
Accounting for Stock Appreciation Rights and Other Variable Stock Option or Award Plans, or FIN 28,
over the option vesting period using an accelerated amortization schedule.
Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value provisions of SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based
Payment, which supersedes our previous accounting under APB No. 25. SFAS No. 123R requires the
recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for costs related to all
share-based payments including stock options. SFAS No. 123R requires companies to estimate the fair
value of share-based payment awards on the grant date using an option pricing model. We adopted
SFAS No. 123R using the prospective transition method, which required us to apply SFAS No. 123R to
option grants on and after the required effective date. For options granted prior to the January 1,
2006 effective date that remained unvested on that date, we continue to recognize compensation
expense under the intrinsic value method of APB No. 25. In addition, we are continuing to amortize
those awards granted prior to January 1, 2006 utilizing an accelerated amortization schedule, while
we will expense all options granted or modified on and after January 1, 2006 on a straight-line
basis. To value awards granted on or after January 1, 2006, we used the Black-Scholes option
pricing model, which requires, among other inputs, an estimate of the fair value of the underlying
common stock on the date of grant and assumptions as to volatility of our stock over the term of
the related options, the expected term of the
options, the risk-free interest rate and the option forfeiture rate. We determined the
assumptions used in this pricing model at each grant date. We concluded that it was not practicable
to calculate the volatility of our share price since our securities are not publicly traded and
therefore there is no readily determinable market value for our stock. Therefore, we based expected
volatility on the historical volatility of a peer group of publicly traded entities. We determined
the expected term of our options based upon historical exercises, post-vesting cancellations and
the options contractual term. We based the risk-free rate for the expected term of the option on
the U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity Rate as of the grant date. We determined the forfeiture rate
based upon our historical experience with option cancellations adjusted for unusual or infrequent
events.
In the three months ended March 31, 2007, we recorded total employee non-cash stock-based
compensation expense of $608,000, of which $135,000 represented continued amortization of deferred
stock-based compensation for options granted prior to 2006 and $473,000 represented expense
recorded in accordance with SFAS 123R. In future periods, stock-based compensation expense may
increase as we issue additional equity-based awards to continue to attract and retain key
employees. Additionally, SFAS 123R requires that we recognize compensation expense only for the
portion of stock options that are expected to vest. Our estimated forfeiture rate for the three
months ended March 31, 2007 was 12%. If the actual number of forfeitures differs from that
estimated by management, we will be required to record adjustments to stock-based compensation
expense in future periods.
Given the absence of an active market for our common stock prior to our IPO, our board of
directors, the members of which we believe had extensive business, finance and venture capital
experience, was required to estimate the fair value of our common stock for purposes of determining
exercise prices for the options it granted based in part on a market capitalization analysis of
comparable public companies and other metrics, including revenue multiples and price/earning
multiples, as well as the following:
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the prices for our convertible preferred stock sold to outside investors in arms-length
transactions; |
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the rights, preference and privileges of that convertible preferred stock relative to
those of our common stock; |
30
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our operating and financial performance; |
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the hiring of key personnel; |
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the introduction of new products; |
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our stage of development and revenue growth; |
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the fact that the options grants involved illiquid securities in a private company; |
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the risks inherent in the development and expansion of our services; and |
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the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an IPO or sale of the company, for
the shares of common stock underlying the options given prevailing market conditions. |
At March 31, 2007, we had $7.2 million of total unrecognized compensation expense under SFAS
No. 123R, net of estimated forfeitures, that will be recognized over a weighted average period of
2.77 years. Based on the market closing price on March 31, 2007 of $10.00 per share, the aggregate intrinsic value of
outstanding options and exercisable options at March 31, 2007, was $13.8 million and $7.2 million,
respectively.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. As
part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate
our income tax benefit (provision) in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process
involves estimating our current income tax benefit (provision) together with assessing temporary
differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These
differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our
consolidated balance sheet using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which we expect
the differences to reverse.
We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that more
likely than not will be realized. As of December 31, 2006, our valuation allowance on our
net deferred tax assets was $14.4 million. While we have considered
future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the
need for the valuation allowance, in the event we were to determine that we would be able to
realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of our net recorded amount, we would need
to make an adjustment to the allowance for the deferred tax asset, which would increase income or
reduce the loss in the period that determination was made.
On January 1, 2007, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No.
48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN
48), which supplements SFAS No. 109 by defining the confidence level that a tax position must meet
in order to be recognized in the financial statements. FIN 48 requires that the tax effects of a
position be recognized only if it is more-likely-than-not to be sustained based solely on its
technical merits as of the reporting date. We consider many factors when evaluating and estimating
its tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and which may not
accurately anticipate actual outcomes.
We have not provided for federal income taxes on the unremitted earnings of foreign
subsidiaries because these earnings are intended to be reinvested permanently.
31
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 and 2006
Revenues
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Three Months Ended |
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March 31, |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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(in thousands) |
Revenues |
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$ |
15,698 |
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$ |
8,073 |
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Our revenues increased $7.6 million, or 94.5%, from $8.1 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2006 to $15.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, due primarily to
increased revenue per title, including our top ten titles, new titles, our growing catalog of
titles and broader distribution reach in all parts of the world. Revenues from our top ten games
increased from $4.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2006 to $8.9 million in the three
months ended March 31, 2007. The increase also resulted from sales of new titles, including
Monopoly Here and Now, World Series of Poker, Who Wants to be a Millionaire (2nd
Edition) and Deer Hunter 2, and sales of games acquired from iFone in March 2006. No material
revenues from iFone titles were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2006. Revenues for
the three months ended March 31, 2007 from our catalog increased by $3.3 million from the revenues
derived from those games in the three months ended March 31, 2006. By utilizing our carrier
relationships and our marketing and development resources, we were able to increase worldwide
distribution of iFone games and thus to increase significantly the revenues derived from the
licenses that we acquired from iFone. International revenues, defined as revenues generated from
carriers whose principal operations are located outside the United States, increased $3.8 million
from $3.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2006 to $7.3 million in the three months
ended March 31, 2007.
Cost of Revenues
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Three Months Ended |
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March 31, |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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(In thousands) |
Cost of revenues: |
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Royalties |
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$ |
4,292 |
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$ |
2,538 |
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Impairment of prepaid royalties and guarantees |
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60 |
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Amortization of intangible assets |
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552 |
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118 |
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Total cost of revenues |
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$ |
4,844 |
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$ |
2,716 |
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Revenues |
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$ |
15,698 |
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$ |
8,073 |
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Gross margin |
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69.1 |
% |
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66.4 |
% |
Our cost of revenues increased $2.1 million, or 78.4%, from $2.7 million in the three months
ended March 31, 2006 to $4.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2007. The increase
resulted from an increase in royalties, which was offset by a decrease in impairment of prepaid
royalties and guarantees, and an increase in amortization of acquired intangible assets. Royalties
increased $1.8 million principally because of higher revenues with associated royalties, including
those acquired from iFone. Revenues attributable to games based upon branded intellectual property
increased as a percentage of revenues from 85.4% in the three months ended March 31, 2006 to 87.3%
in the three months ended March 31, 2007. The average royalty rate that we paid on games based on
licensed intellectual property decreased from 36.8% in the three months ended March 31, 2006 to
31.3% in the three months ended March 31, 2007. As a result of the decrease in average royalty rate
from branded titles, overall royalties as a percentage of total revenues decreased from 31.4% to
27.3%. Amortization of intangible assets increased by $434,000 due primarily to the amortization of
intangible assets acquired in 2006 from iFone.
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Gross Margin
Our gross margin increased from 66.4% in the three months ended March 31, 2006 to 69.1% in the
three months ended March 31, 2007 because of the decrease in royalty rates, decreased impairment of
prepaid royalties and intangible assets and offset by the increase in the amortization of
intangible assets. Without the effect of amortization and impairment of acquired intangible assets,
our gross margin would have been 73% for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 68% for the
three months ended March 31, 2006.
Research and Development Expenses
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Three Months Ended |
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March 31, |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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(In thousands) |
Research and development expenses |
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$ |
4,713 |
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$ |
3,189 |
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Percentage of revenues |
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30.0 |
% |
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39.5 |
% |
Our research and development expenses increased $1,524, or 47.8%, from $3.2 million in the three
months ended March 31, 2006 to $4.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2007. The increase
in research and development costs was primarily due to increases in salaries and benefits of
$726,000, outside services costs of $423,000, overhead allocations of
$147,000, research materials of $103,000 and stock based compensation of $62,000.
Research and development staff had increased by 31 employees through March 31, 2007 as
compared to the same period in 2006 and salaries and benefits had increased as a result. Research
and development expenses included $33,000 of stock-based compensation expense in the three months
ended March 31, 2006 and $95,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2007. As a percentage of
revenues, research and development expenses declined from 39.5% in the three months ended March 31,
2006 to 30.0% in the three months ended March 31, 2007 due to an increase in revenues.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
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Three Months Ended |
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March 31, |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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(In thousands) |
Sales and marketing expenses |
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$ |
3,075 |
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$ |
2,202 |
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Percentage of revenues |
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19.6 |
% |
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27.3 |
% |
Our sales and marketing expenses increased $873,000, or 39.7%, from $2.2 million in the three
months ended March 31, 2006 to $3.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2007. The increase
was primarily due to increase in salaries and benefits of $212,000, as we increased our sales and
marketing headcount from 37 at March 31, 2006 to 44 at March 31, 2007, $470,000 increase in marketing
expenses, $135,000 increase in travel and entertainment and $70,000 increase in stock based
compensation. We increased staffing and marketing program spending to expand our marketing efforts
for our games and the Glu brand, to increase sales efforts to our new and existing wireless
carriers and to expand our sales and marketing operations into the Asia-Pacific and Latin America
regions. Aside from the increase in headcount in our sales and marketing functions, the increase in
salaries and benefits cost was due to an increase in variable compensation of $30,000, primarily an
increase in commissions paid to our sales employees as a result of higher revenue attainment. As a
percentage of revenues, sales and marketing expenses declined from 27.3% in the three months ended
March 31, 2006 to 19.6% in the three months ended March 31, 2007 as our sales and marketing
activities generated more revenues across a greater number of carriers and mobile handsets. Sales
and marketing expenses included $27,000 of stock-based compensation expense in the three months
ended March 31, 2006 and $97,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2007.
33
General and Administrative Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
|
(In thousands) |
General and administrative expenses |
|
$ |
4,009 |
|
|
$ |
1,852 |
|
Percentage of revenues |
|
|
25.5 |
% |
|
|
22.9 |
% |
Our general and administrative expenses increased $2.2 million, or 116.5%, from $1.9 million
in the three months ended March 31, 2006 to $4.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2007.
The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily the result of a $1.0 million
increase in salaries and benefits, $592,000 increase in professional fees, $209,000
increase in stock based compensation, and increase in allocated facilities costs of $143,000. We
increased our general and administrative headcount from 31 at March 31, 2006 to 49 March 31, 2007.
As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses increased from 22.9% in the three
months ended March 31, 2006 to 25.5% in the three months ended March 31, 2007 as a result of
increased salaries and benefits and spending in professional fees related to our IPO.
General and administrative expenses included $207,000 of stock-based compensation expense
in the three months ended March 31, 2006 and $416,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2007.
Other Operating Expenses
Our amortization of intangible assets, such as non-competition agreements, acquired from
Macrospace and iFone was $154,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2006 and $67,000 in the three
months ended March 31, 2007. The decrease was due to the full amortization of certain intangibles
during 2006.
Our acquired in-process research and development decreased from $1.5 million in the three
months ended March 31, 2006 to zero in the three months ended March 31, 2007. The IPR&D charge
recorded in 2006 was related to the development of new games by iFone. We determined the value of
acquired IPR&D using a discounted cash flows approach. We calculated the present value of expected
future cash flows attributable to the in-process technology using a 21% discount rate. This rate
took
into account the percentage of completion of the development effort of approximately 20% and
the risks associated with our developing technology given changes in trends and technology in our
industry. As of December 31, 2006, all acquired IPR&D projects had been completed at a cost similar
to the original projections.
Our gain on sale of assets increased from $0 during the three months ended March 31, 2006 to
$1.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2007 due to the sale of ProvisionX software to
a third party. Under the terms of the agreement, we will co-own the intellectual property rights to
the ProvisionX software, excluding any alterations or modifications following the sale, by the
third party.
Other Expenses
Interest and other income (expense), net, decreased from income of $152,000 in the three
months ended March 31, 2006 to expense of $522,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2007. This
decrease was primarily due to $847,000 of interest expenses in conjunction with our loan from
the lender which included $300,000 of cash interest paid on the loan and $548,000 of
non-cash interest expense related to the full recognition of the unamortized debt issuance costs
and warrant discount on upon extinguishment of the loan with proceeds from our initial public
offering. These expenses were partially offset by increased foreign currency transaction gains of
$149,000 and by a benefit in the change in the fair value of the preferred stock warrants of
$10,000 prior to their conversion to common stock warrants on the closing of the IPO. The warrants
were subject to revaluation at each balance sheet date and changes in estimated fair value were
recorded as a component of other income/(expense). Subsequent to the IPO and the associated
conversion of the outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock, the
warrants to exercise the redeemable convertible preferred stock converted into common stock
warrants; accordingly,
34
the liability related to the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants
was transferred to common stock and additional paid-in-capital and the common stock warrants are no
longer subject to re-measurement.
Income Tax Provision
Income tax provision increased from $106,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2006 to
$272,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2007 primarily as a result of increased foreign
withholding taxes.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
March 31, |
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
|
(in thousands) |
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
$ |
623 |
|
|
$ |
295 |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
1,073 |
|
|
|
608 |
|
Cash flows used in operating activities |
|
|
(528 |
) |
|
|
(3,489 |
) |
Cash flows provided by investing activities |
|
|
3,667 |
|
|
|
6,109 |
|
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities |
|
|
64,534 |
|
|
|
(882 |
) |
Since our inception, we have incurred recurring losses and negative annual cash flows from
operating activities, and we had an accumulated deficit of $49.9 million and $46.0 million as of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. Our primary sources of liquidity have historically been
private placements of shares of our preferred stock with aggregate proceeds of $57.4 million and
borrowings under our credit facilities with aggregate proceeds of $12.0 million. In the quarter
ended March 31, 2007, we raised $74.7 million of proceeds, net of underwriting discounts and
estimated expenses, in our IPO. In the future, we anticipate that our primary sources of liquidity
will be cash generated from our operating activities.
Operating Activities
In the three months ended March 31, 2007, we used $528,000 of net cash in operating activities
as compared to $3.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2006. This decrease was primarily
due to a decline in our net loss of $2.7 million from the three months ended March 31, 2007 as
compared to the same period in 2006, decreased payments in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
of $1.7 million due primarily to the payment of liabilities assumed as a part of the iFone
acquisition in the three months ended March 31, 2006, decreased payments of third-party royalties
of $1.9 million and decreased payments for
restructuring of $321,000. Non-cash items increased for the three months ended March 31, 2007
by $118,000, $347,000, $341,000 and $548,000 for depreciation, amortization of intangible assets,
stock based compensation and non-cash interest expense, respectively, as compared to the same
period in 2006.
This was offset by a charge for acquired in-process research and development of $1.5 million
in the three months ended March 31, 2006 and a gain on sale of assets of $1.0 million in the three
months ended March 31, 2007. Cash used for accounts receivable, prepaids and other assets, and
accrued compensation increased by $1.3 million, $410,000 and $590,000, respectively, in the three
months ended March 31, 2007 as compared to the same period in 2006.
35
We expect to continue to use cash in our operating activities during at least the second and
third quarters of 2007 because of anticipated net losses and expected growth in our accounts
receivable balance due to the expected growth in our revenues. Additionally, we may decide to enter
into new licensing arrangements for existing or new licensed intellectual properties that may
require us to make royalty payments at the outset of the agreement. If we do sign these agreements,
this could significantly increase our future use of cash in operating activities.
Investing Activities
Our primary investing activities have consisted of purchases and sales of short-term
investments, purchases of property and equipment, and, in the three months ended March 31, 2006,
the acquisition of iFone. Purchases of property and equipment have been less than $1.0 million in
each period. We expect to use more cash in investing activities in 2007 as we expand our internal
development capacity in the Asia-Pacific region by opening new facilities. We expect to fund this
investment with our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.
In the three months ended March 31, 2007, we generated $3.7 million of net cash from investing
activities. This net cash resulted from net sales of short-term investments of $3.3 million, $1.0
million proceeds from the sale of assets offset by purchases of property and equipment of $623,000.
In the three months ended March 31, 2006 we generated $6.1 million of net cash from investing
activities. This net cash resulted from net sales of short-term investments of $13.8 million and
offset by the acquisition of iFone for cash and stock, net of cash acquired, of $7.4 million and
purchases of property and equipment of $295,000.
Financing Activities
In the three months ended March 31, 2007, our financing activities provided $64.5 million of
cash primarily from $76.5 million of IPO proceeds net of underwriters fees and offering costs
offset by the payment of the $12.0 million loan from the lender. We expect to use cash of
$1.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2007 for the payment of offering costs that were
accrued at March 31, 2007.
In the three months ended March 31, 2006, we used $882,000 net cash in financing activities,
substantially all of which came from the payment of a loan assumed in connection with the iFone
acquisition.
Sufficiency of Current Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
Our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were $77.0 million as of March 31, 2007.
We believe that our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and any cash flow from
operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs, including for working capital
purposes, capital expenditures and various contractual obligations, for at least the next 12
months. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or
other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If
these sources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell debt
securities or additional equity securities or to obtain a credit facility. The sale of convertible
debt securities or additional equity securities could result in additional dilution to our
stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in debt service obligations and could
result in operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. In addition, there
can be no assurance that any additional financing will be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
We anticipate that, from time to time, we may evaluate acquisitions of complementary businesses,
technologies or assets. However, there are no current understandings, commitments or agreements
with respect to any acquisitions.
36
Contractual Obligations
The following table is a summary of our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due by Period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
1 Year |
|
1-3 Years |
|
3-5 Years |
|
Thereafter |
|
|
(In thousands) |
Capital lease obligations |
|
$ |
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating lease obligations |
|
|
4,303 |
|
|
|
1,246 |
|
|
|
2,587 |
|
|
|
470 |
|
|
|
|
|
Guaranteed royalties(1) |
|
|
5,980 |
|
|
|
1,525 |
|
|
|
3,730 |
|
|
|
725 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
We have entered into license and development arrangements with various
owners of brands and other intellectual property so that we can create
and publish games for mobile handsets based on that intellectual
property. Pursuant to some of these agreements, we are required to pay
guaranteed royalties over the term of the contracts regardless of
actual game sales. Certain of these minimum payments totaling $3.2
million have been recorded as liabilities in our condensed
consolidated balance sheet because payment is not contingent upon
performance by the licensor. |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partners, such as
entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been
established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually
narrow or limited purposes. In addition, we do not have any undisclosed borrowings or debt, and we
have not entered into any synthetic leases. We are, therefore, not materially exposed to any
financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such
relationships.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Information with respect to Recent Accounting Pronouncements may be found in Note 1 of Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this quarterly report, which
information is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate and Credit Risk
We have exposure to interest rate risk that relates primarily to our investment portfolio. All
of our current investments are classified as cash equivalents or short-term investments and carried
at cost, which approximates market value. We do not currently use or plan to use derivative
financial instruments in our investment portfolio. The risk associated with fluctuating interest
rates is limited to our investment portfolio, and we do not believe that a 10% change in interest
rates would have a significant impact on our interest income, operating results or liquidity.
As of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, our cash and cash equivalents were maintained by
financial institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Brazil, Germany and
France, and our current deposits are likely in excess of insured limits. We believe that the
financial institutions that hold our investments are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal
credit risk exists with respect to these investments.
Our accounts receivable primarily relate to revenues earned from domestic and international
wireless carriers. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our carriers financial condition but
generally require no collateral from them. At March 31, 2007, Verizon Wireless accounted for 23% of
our total accounts receivable. At December 31, 2006, Verizon Wireless, Sprint Nextel and Vodafone
accounted for 21%, 11% and 10% of our total accounts receivable, respectively.
Foreign Currency Risk
The functional currencies of our United States and United Kingdom operations are the U.S.
Dollar, or USD, and the pound sterling, respectively. A significant portion of our business is
conducted in currencies other than the USD or the pound sterling. Our revenues are usually
denominated in the functional currency of the carrier. Operating expenses are usually in the local
currency of the operating unit, which mitigates a portion of the exposure related to currency
fluctuations. Intercompany
transactions between our domestic and foreign operations are denominated in either the USD or
the pound sterling. At month-end, foreign currency-denominated accounts receivable and intercompany
balances are marked to market and unrealized gains and losses are included in other income
(expense), net.
Our foreign currency exchange gains and losses have been generated primarily from fluctuations
in the pound sterling versus the USD and in the Euro versus the pound sterling. It is uncertain
whether these currency trends will continue. In the future, we may experience foreign currency
exchange losses on our accounts receivable and intercompany receivables and payables.
37
Foreign
currency exchange losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results
and financial condition.
Inflation
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial
condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary
pressures, we might not be able to offset these higher costs fully through price increases. Our
inability or failure to do so could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) require public
companies, including our Company to maintain disclosure controls and procedures, which are
defined to mean a companys controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that
information required to be disclosed in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act
is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the
Commissions rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation,
controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports
filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal
executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as
appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required or necessary disclosures. Our chief
executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded, based on the evaluation of the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures by our management as of the end of the
period covered by this report, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective for this
purpose.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Regulations under the Exchange Act require public companies, including our Company, to
evaluate any change in our internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in
Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. In connection with their evaluation of our
disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report, our Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer did not identify any change in our internal control
over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter covered by this report that materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
38
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are subject to various claims, complaints and legal actions in the
normal course of business. We do not believe we are party to any currently pending litigation, the
outcome of which will have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial position.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Risks Related to
Our Business
We have a history
of net losses, may incur substantial net losses in the future
and may not achieve profitability.
We have incurred significant losses since inception, including a
net loss of $8.3 million in 2004, a net loss of
$17.9 million in 2005 and a net loss of $12.3 million
in 2006. As of December 31, 2006, we had an accumulated
deficit of $46.0 million, and as of March 31, 2007, we had
an accumulated deficit of $49.9 million. We expect to continue to increase
expenses as we implement initiatives designed to continue to
grow our business, including, among other things, the
development and marketing of new games, further international
expansion, expansion of our infrastructure, acquisition of
content, and general and administrative expenses associated with
being a public company. If our revenues do not increase to
offset these expected increases in operating expenses, we will
continue to incur significant losses and will not become
profitable. Our revenue growth in recent periods should not be
considered indicative of our future performance. In fact, in
future periods, our revenues could decline. Accordingly, we may
not be able to achieve profitability in the future.
We have a limited
operating history in an emerging market, which may make it
difficult to evaluate our business.
We were incorporated in May 2001 and began selling mobile games
in July 2002. Accordingly, we have only a limited history of
generating revenues, and the future revenue potential of our
business in this emerging market is uncertain. As a result of
our short operating history, we have limited financial data that
can be used to evaluate our business. Any evaluation of our
business and our prospects must be considered in light of our
limited operating history and the risks and uncertainties
encountered by companies in our stage of development. As an
early stage company in the emerging mobile entertainment
industry, we face increased risks, uncertainties, expenses and
difficulties. To address these risks and uncertainties, we must
do the following:
|
|
|
|
|
maintain our current, and develop new, wireless carrier
relationships;
|
|
|
|
maintain and expand our current, and develop new, relationships
with third-party branded content owners;
|
|
|
|
retain or improve our current revenue-sharing arrangements with
carriers and third-party branded content owners;
|
|
|
|
maintain and enhance our own brands;
|
|
|
|
continue to develop new high-quality mobile games that achieve
significant market acceptance;
|
|
|
|
continue to port existing mobile games to new mobile handsets;
|
|
|
|
continue to develop and upgrade our technology;
|
|
|
|
continue to enhance our information processing systems;
|
|
|
|
increase the number of end users of our games;
|
|
|
|
maintain and grow our non-carrier, or off-deck,
distribution, including through our website and third-party
direct-to-consumer
distributors;
|
39
|
|
|
|
|
expand our development capacity in countries with lower costs;
|
|
|
|
execute our business and marketing strategies successfully;
|
|
|
|
respond to competitive developments; and
|
|
|
|
attract, integrate, retain and motivate qualified personnel.
|
We may be unable to accomplish one or more of these objectives,
which could cause our business to suffer. In addition,
accomplishing many of these efforts might be very expensive,
which could adversely impact our operating results and financial
condition.
Our financial
results could vary significantly from quarter to quarter and are
difficult to predict.
Our revenues and operating results could vary significantly from
quarter to quarter because of a variety of factors, many of
which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our
operating results on a
period-to-period
basis may not be meaningful. In addition, we may not be able to
predict our future revenues or results of operations. We base
our current and future expense levels on our internal operating
plans and sales forecasts, and our operating costs are to a
large extent fixed. As a result, we may not be able to reduce
our costs sufficiently to compensate for an unexpected shortfall
in revenues, and even a small shortfall in revenues could
disproportionately and adversely affect financial results for
that quarter. Individual games and carrier relationships
represent meaningful portions of our revenues and net loss in
any quarter. We may incur significant or unanticipated expenses
when licenses are renewed. In addition, some payments from
carriers that we recognize as revenue on a cash basis may be
delayed unpredictably.
In addition to other risk factors discussed in this section,
factors that may contribute to the variability of our quarterly
results include:
|
|
|
|
|
the number of new mobile games released by us and our
competitors;
|
|
|
|
the timing of release of new games by us and our competitors,
particularly those that may represent a significant portion of
revenues in a period;
|
|
|
|
the popularity of new games and games released in prior periods;
|
|
|
|
changes in prominence of deck placement for our leading games
and those of our competitors;
|
|
|
|
the expiration of existing content licenses for particular games;
|
|
|
|
the timing of charges related to impairments of goodwill,
intangible assets, prepaid royalties and guarantees;
|
|
|
|
changes in pricing policies by us, our competitors or our
carriers and other distributors;
|
|
|
|
changes in the mix of original and licensed games, which have
varying gross margins;
|
|
|
|
the timing of successful mobile handset launches;
|
|
|
|
the seasonality of our industry;
|
|
|
|
fluctuations in the size and rate of growth of overall consumer
demand for mobile games and related content;
|
|
|
|
strategic decisions by us or our competitors, such as
acquisitions, divestitures, spin-offs, joint ventures, strategic
investments or changes in business strategy;
|
|
|
|
our success in entering new geographic markets;
|
|
|
|
foreign exchange fluctuations;
|
|
|
|
accounting rules governing recognition of revenue;
|
40
|
|
|
|
|
the timing of compensation expense associated with equity
compensation grants; and
|
|
|
|
decisions by us to incur additional expenses, such as increases
in marketing or research and development.
|
As a result of these and other factors, our operating results
may not meet the expectations of investors or public market
analysts who choose to follow our company. Failure to meet
market expectations would likely result in decreases in the
trading price of our common stock.
The markets in
which we operate are highly competitive, and many of our
competitors have significantly greater resources than we
do.
The development, distribution and sale of mobile games is a
highly competitive business. For end users, we compete primarily
on the basis of brand, game quality and price. For wireless
carriers, we compete for deck placement based on these factors,
as well as historical performance and perception of sales
potential and relationships with licensors of brands and other
intellectual property. For content and brand licensors, we
compete based on royalty and other economic terms, perceptions
of development quality, porting abilities, speed of execution,
distribution breadth and relationships with carriers. We also
compete for experienced and talented employees.
Our primary competitors include Digital Chocolate, Electronic
Arts (EA Mobile), Gameloft, Hands-On Mobile, I-play, Namco and
THQ, with Electronic Arts having the largest market share of any
company in the mobile games market. In the future, likely
competitors include major media companies, traditional video
game publishers, content aggregators, mobile software providers
and independent mobile game publishers. Carriers may also decide
to develop, internally or through a managed third-party
developer, and distribute their own mobile games. If carriers
enter the mobile game market as publishers, they might refuse to
distribute some or all of our games or might deny us access to
all or part of their networks.
Some of our competitors and our potential
competitors advantages over us, either globally or in
particular geographic markets, include the following:
|
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|
|
significantly greater revenues and financial resources;
|
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|
stronger brand and consumer recognition regionally or worldwide;
|
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|
|
the capacity to leverage their marketing expenditures across a
broader portfolio of mobile and non-mobile products;
|
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|
more substantial intellectual property of their own from which
they can develop games without having to pay royalties;
|
|
|
|
pre-existing relationships with brand owners or carriers that
afford them access to intellectual property while blocking the
access of competitors to that same intellectual property;
|
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|
|
greater resources to make acquisitions;
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|
|
lower labor and development costs; and
|
|
|
|
broader global distribution and presence.
|
If we are unable to compete effectively or we are not as
successful as our competitors in our target markets, our sales
could decline, our margins could decline and we could lose
market share, any of which would materially harm our business,
operating results and financial condition.
41
Failure to renew
our existing brand and content licenses on favorable terms or at
all and to obtain additional licenses would impair our ability
to introduce new mobile games or to continue to offer our
current games based on third-party content.
Revenues derived from mobile games and other applications based
on or incorporating brands or other intellectual property
licensed from third parties accounted for 80.5% and 88.4% of our
revenues in 2005 and 2006, respectively. In 2006, revenues
derived from our four largest licensors, Atari, Fox, PopCap
Games and Celador, together accounted for approximately 58.1% of
our revenues. Even if mobile games based on licensed content or
brands remain popular, any of our licensors could decide not to
renew our existing license or not to license additional
intellectual property and instead license to our competitors or
develop and publish its own mobile games or other applications,
competing with us in the marketplace. Many of these licensors
already develop games for other platforms, and may have
significant experience and development resources available to
them should they decide to compete with us rather than license
to us.
We have both exclusive and non-exclusive licenses and both
licenses that are global and licenses that are limited to
specific geographies, often with other mobile game publishers
having rights to geographies not covered by our licenses. Our
licenses generally have terms that range from two to five years,
with the primary exceptions being our six-year licenses covering
World Series of Poker and Deer Hunter 2 and our
seven-year license covering Kasparov Chess. Some of the licenses that
we have inherited through acquisitions provide that the licensor
owns the intellectual property that we develop in the mobile
version of the game and that, when our license expires, the
licensor can transfer that intellectual property to a new
licensee. Increased competition for licenses may lead to larger
guarantees, advances and royalties that we must pay to our
licensors, which could significantly increase our cost of
revenues and cash usage. We may be unable to renew these
licenses or to renew them on terms favorable to us, and we may
be unable to secure alternatives in a timely manner. Failure to
maintain or renew our existing licenses or to obtain additional
licenses would impair our ability to introduce new mobile games
or to continue to offer our current games, which would
materially harm our business, operating results and financial
condition. Some of our existing licenses impose, and licenses
that we obtain in the future might impose, development,
distribution and marketing obligations on us. If we breach our
obligations, our licensors might have the right to terminate the
license or change an exclusive license to a non-exclusive
license, which would harm our business, operating results and
financial condition.
Even if we are successful in gaining new licenses or extending
existing licenses, we may fail to anticipate the entertainment
preferences of our end users when making choices about which
brands or other content to license. If the entertainment
preferences of end users shift to content or brands owned or
developed by companies with which we do not have relationships,
we may be unable to establish and maintain successful
relationships with these developers and owners, which would
materially harm our business, operating results and financial
condition. In addition, some rights are licensed from licensors
that have or may develop financial difficulties, and may enter
into bankruptcy protection under U.S. federal law or the
laws of other countries. If any of our licensors files for
bankruptcy, our licenses might be impaired or voided, which
could materially harm our business, operating results and
financial condition.
We currently rely
on wireless carriers to market and distribute our games and thus
to generate our revenues. In particular, subscribers of Verizon
Wireless, Sprint Nextel, Cingular Wireless and Vodafone
collectively represented 55.1% of our revenues in 2006. The
loss of or a change in any of these significant carrier
relationships could cause us to lose access to their subscribers
and thus materially reduce our revenues.
Our future success is highly dependent upon maintaining
successful relationships with the wireless carriers with which
we currently work and establishing new carrier relationships in
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geographies where we have not yet established a significant
presence. A significant portion of our revenues is derived from
a very limited number of carriers. In 2006, we derived
approximately 20.6% of our revenues from subscribers of Verizon
Wireless, 12.6% of our revenues from subscribers of Sprint
Nextel affiliates, 11.3% of our revenues from subscribers of
Cingular Wireless and 10.6% of our revenues from subscribers of
Vodafone. During 2005, we derived approximately 24.3%, 11.9%,
11.9% and 6.2%, respectively, of our revenues from subscribers
of these carriers. In 2005 and 2006, subscribers from carriers
representing the next ten largest sources of our revenues
represented 25.6% and 23.8% of our revenues, respectively,
although some of the carriers represented in this group varied
from period to period. We expect that we will continue to
generate a substantial majority of our revenues through
distribution relationships with fewer than 20 carriers for
the foreseeable future. Our failure to maintain our
relationships with these carriers would materially reduce our
revenues and thus harm our business, operating results and
financial condition.
Our carrier agreements do not establish us as the exclusive
provider of mobile games with the carriers and typically have a
term of one or two years with automatic renewal provisions upon
expiration of the initial term, absent a contrary notice from
either party. In addition, the carriers usually can terminate
these agreements early and, in some instances, at any time
without cause, which could give them the ability to renegotiate
economic or other terms. The agreements generally do not
obligate the carriers to market or distribute any of our games.
In many of these agreements, we warrant that our games do not
contain libelous or obscene content, do not contain material
defects or viruses, and do not violate third-party intellectual
property rights and we indemnify the carrier for any breach of a
third partys intellectual property. In addition, our
agreements with a substantial minority of our carriers,
including Verizon Wireless, allow the carrier to set the retail
price at a level different from the price implied by our
negotiated revenue split, without a corresponding change to our
wholesale price to the carrier. If one of these carriers raises
the retail price of one of our games, unit demand for that game
might decline, reducing our revenues, without necessarily
reducing, and perhaps increasing, the total revenues that the
carrier receives from sales of that game.
Many other factors outside our control could impair our ability
to generate revenues through a given carrier, including the
following:
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the carriers preference for our competitors mobile
games rather than ours;
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the carriers decision not to include or highlight our
games on the deck of its mobile handsets;
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the carriers decision to discontinue the sale of our
mobile games or all mobile games like ours;
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the carriers decision to offer games to its subscribers
without charge or at reduced prices;
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the carriers decision to require market development funds
from publishers like us;
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the carriers decision to restrict or alter subscription or
other terms for downloading our games;
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a failure of the carriers merchandising, provisioning or
billing systems;
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the carriers decision to offer its own competing mobile
games; and
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consolidation among carriers.
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If any of our carriers decides not to market or distribute our
games or decides to terminate, not renew or modify the terms of
its agreement with us or if there is consolidation among
carriers generally, we may be unable to replace the affected
agreement with acceptable alternatives, causing us to lose
access to that carriers subscribers and the revenues they
afford us, which could materially harm our business, operating
results and financial condition.
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End user tastes
are continually changing and are often unpredictable; if we fail
to develop and publish new mobile games that achieve market
acceptance, our sales would suffer.
Our business depends on developing and publishing mobile games
that wireless carriers will place on their decks and end users
will buy. We must continue to invest significant resources in
licensing efforts, research and development, marketing and
regional expansion to enhance our offering of games and
introduce new games, and we must make decisions about these
matters well in advance of product release in order to implement
them in a timely manner. Our success depends, in part, on
unpredictable and volatile factors beyond our control, including
end-user preferences, competing games and the availability of
other entertainment activities. If our games and related
applications are not responsive to the requirements of our
carriers or the entertainment preferences of end users, or they
are not brought to market in a timely and effective manner, our
business, operating results and financial condition would be
harmed. Even if our games are successfully introduced and
initially adopted, a subsequent shift in our carriers or the
entertainment preferences of end users could cause a decline in
our games popularity that could materially reduce our
revenues and harm our business, operating results and financial
condition.
Inferior deck
placement would likely adversely impact our revenues and thus
our operating results and financial condition.
Wireless carriers provide a limited selection of games that are
accessible to their subscribers through a deck on their mobile
handsets. The inherent limitation on the number of games
available on the deck is a function of the limited screen size
of handsets and carriers perceptions of the depth of menus
and numbers of choices end users will generally utilize.
Carriers typically provide one or more top level menus
highlighting games that are recent top sellers, that the carrier
believes will become top sellers or that the carrier otherwise
chooses to feature, in addition to a link to a menu of
additional games sorted by genre. We believe that deck placement
on the top level or featured menu or toward the top of
genre-specific or other menus, rather than lower down or in
sub-menus,
is likely to result in games achieving a greater degree of
commercial success. If carriers choose to give our games less
favorable deck placement, our games may be less successful than
we anticipate, our revenues may decline and our business,
operating results and financial condition may be materially
harmed.
We have depended
on no more than ten mobile games for a majority of our revenues
in recent fiscal periods.
In our industry, new games are frequently introduced, but a
relatively small number of games account for a significant
portion of industry sales. Similarly, a significant portion of
our revenues comes from a limited number of mobile games,
although the games in that group have shifted over time. For
example, in 2005 and 2006, we generated approximately 52.8% and
53.3% of our revenues, respectively, from our top ten games, but
no individual game represented more than 10% of our revenues in
either period. We expect to release a relatively small number of
new games each year for the foreseeable future. If these games
are not successful, our revenues could be limited and our
business and operating results would suffer in both the year of
release and thereafter.
In addition, the limited number of games that we release in a
year may contribute to fluctuations in our operating results.
Therefore, our reported results at quarter and year end may be
affected based on the release dates of our products, which could
result in volatility in the price of our common stock. If our
competitors develop more successful games or offer them at lower
prices or based on payment models, such as
pay-for-play
or subscription-based models, perceived as offering a better
value proposition, or if we do not continue to develop
consistently high-quality and well-received games, our revenues
would likely decline and our business, operating results and
financial condition would be harmed.
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If we are
unsuccessful in establishing and increasing awareness of our
brand and recognition of our mobile games or if we incur
excessive expenses promoting and maintaining our brand or our
games, our potential revenues could be limited, our costs could
increase and our operating results and financial condition could
be harmed.
We believe that establishing and maintaining our brand is
critical to retaining and expanding our existing relationships
with wireless carriers and content licensors, as well as
developing new relationships. Promotion of the Glu brand will
depend on our success in providing high-quality mobile games.
Similarly, recognition of our games by end users will depend on
our ability to develop engaging games of high quality with
attractive titles. However, our success will also depend, in
part, on the services and efforts of third parties, over which
we have little or no control. For instance, if our carriers fail
to provide high levels of service, our end users ability
to access our games may be interrupted, which may adversely
affect our brand. If end users, branded content owners and
carriers do not perceive our existing games as high-quality or
if we introduce new games that are not favorably received by our
end users and carriers, then we may be unsuccessful in building
brand recognition and brand loyalty in the marketplace. In
addition, globalizing and extending our brand and recognition of
our games will be costly and will involve extensive management
time to execute successfully. Further, the markets in which we
operate are highly competitive and some of our competitors, such
as Electronic Arts (EA Mobile), already have substantially
more brand name recognition and greater marketing resources than
we do. If we fail to increase brand awareness and consumer
recognition of our games, our potential revenues could be
limited, our costs could increase and our business, operating
results and financial condition could suffer.
Our business and
growth may suffer if we are unable to hire and retain key
personnel, who are in high demand.
We depend on the continued contributions of our senior
management and other key personnel, especially L. Gregory
Ballard and Albert A. Rocky Pimentel. The loss of
the services of any of our executive officers or other key
employees could harm our business. All of our
U.S. executive officers and key employees are at-will
employees, which means they may terminate their employment
relationship with us at any time. None of our
U.S. employees is bound by a contractual non-competition
agreement, which could make us vulnerable to recruitment efforts
by our competitors. Internationally, while some employees and
contractors are bound by non-competition agreements, we may
experience difficulty in enforcing these agreements. We do not
maintain a key-person life insurance policy on any of our
officers or other employees.
Our future success also depends on our ability to identify,
attract and retain highly skilled technical, managerial,
finance, marketing and creative personnel. We face intense
competition for qualified individuals from numerous technology,
marketing and mobile entertainment companies. In addition,
competition for qualified personnel is particularly intense in
the San Francisco Bay Area, where our headquarters are
located. Further, our principal overseas operations are based in
London and Hong Kong, cities that, similar to our headquarters
region, have high costs of living and consequently high
compensation standards. Qualified individuals are in high
demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract them. We
may be unable to attract and retain suitably qualified
individuals who are capable of meeting our growing creative,
operational and managerial requirements, or may be required to
pay increased compensation in order to do so. If we are unable
to attract and retain the qualified personnel we need to
succeed, our business would suffer.
Volatility or lack of performance in our stock price may also
affect our ability to attract and retain our key employees. Many
of our senior management personnel and other key employees have
become, or will soon become, vested in a substantial amount of
stock or stock options. Employees may be more likely to leave us
if the shares they own or the shares underlying their options
have significantly appreciated in value relative to the original
purchase prices of the shares or the exercise prices of the
options, or if the exercise prices of the options that they hold
are significantly above the
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market price of our common stock. If we are unable to retain our
employees, our business, operating results and financial
condition would be harmed.
Growth may place
significant demands on our management and our
infrastructure.
We operate in an emerging market and have experienced, and may
continue to experience, growth in our business through internal
growth and acquisitions. This growth has placed, and may
continue to place, significant demands on our management and our
operational and financial infrastructure. In particular, we grew
from approximately 130 employees at December 31, 2004 to
more than 210 employees at September 30, 2005 in
anticipation of revenues that did not immediately result. As a
consequence, we had to terminate 27 employees in December 2005.
Continued growth could strain our ability to:
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develop and improve our operational, financial and management
controls;
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enhance our reporting systems and procedures;
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recruit, train and retain highly skilled personnel;
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maintain our quality standards; and
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maintain branded content owner, wireless carrier and end-user
satisfaction.
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Managing our growth will require significant expenditures and
allocation of valuable management resources. If we fail to
achieve the necessary level of efficiency in our organization as
it grows, our business, operating results and financial
condition would be harmed.
The acquisition
of other companies, businesses or technologies could result in
operating difficulties, dilution and other harmful
consequences.
We have made recent acquisitions and, although we have no
present understandings, commitments or agreements to do so, we
may pursue further acquisitions, any of which could be material
to our business, operating results and financial condition.
Future acquisitions could divert managements time and
focus from operating our business. In addition, integrating an
acquired company, business or technology is risky and may result
in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. We may
also use a portion of the net proceeds of our IPO for the
acquisition of, or investment in, companies, technologies,
products or assets that complement our business. Future
acquisitions or dispositions could result in potentially
dilutive issuances of our equity securities, including our
common stock, or the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities,
amortization expenses or acquired in-process research and
development expenses, any of which could harm our financial
condition and operating results. Future acquisitions may also
require us to obtain additional financing, which may not be
available on favorable terms or at all.
International acquisitions involve risks related to integration
of operations across different cultures and languages, currency
risks and the particular economic, political and regulatory
risks associated with specific countries.
Some or all of these issues may result from our acquisitions of
Macrospace in December 2004 and iFone in March 2006, each of
which is based in the United Kingdom. If the anticipated
benefits of either of these or future acquisitions do not
materialize, we experience difficulties integrating iFone or
businesses acquired in the future, or other unanticipated
problems arise, our business, operating results and financial
condition may be harmed.
In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of
companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and
other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment
at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not
yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to
our earnings based on this impairment assessment process, which
could harm our operating results.
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We face added
business, political, regulatory, operational, financial and
economic risks as a result of our international operations and
distribution, any of which could increase our costs and hinder
our growth.
International sales represented approximately 41.8% and 44.8% of
our revenues in 2005 and 2006, respectively. In addition, as
part of our international efforts, we acquired U.K.-based
Macrospace in December 2004, opened our Hong Kong office in July
2005, expanded our presence in the European market with our
acquisition of iFone in March 2006, opened an office in France in
the third quarter of 2006, opened additional offices
in Brazil and Germany in the fourth quarter of 2006, and opened an
office in Spain in the second quarter of 2007. We
expect to open additional international offices, and we expect
international sales to continue to be an important component of
our revenues. Risks affecting our international operations
include:
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challenges caused by distance, language and cultural differences;
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multiple and conflicting laws and regulations, including
complications due to unexpected changes in these laws and
regulations;
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the burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws and
regulations;
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higher costs associated with doing business internationally;
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difficulties in staffing and managing international operations;
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greater fluctuations in sales to end users and through carriers
in developing countries, including longer payment cycles and
greater difficulty collecting accounts receivable;
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protectionist laws and business practices that favor local
businesses in some countries;
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foreign tax consequences;
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foreign exchange controls that might prevent us from
repatriating income earned in countries outside the United
States;
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price controls;
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the servicing of regions by many different carriers;
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imposition of public sector controls;
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political, economic and social instability;
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restrictions on the export or import of technology;
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trade and tariff restrictions;
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variations in tariffs, quotas, taxes and other market
barriers; and
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difficulties in enforcing intellectual property rights in
countries other than the United States.
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In addition, developing user interfaces that are compatible with
other languages or cultures can be expensive. As a result, our
ongoing international expansion efforts may be more costly than
we expect. Further, expansion into developing countries subjects
us to the effects of regional instability, civil unrest and
hostilities, and could adversely affect us by disrupting
communications and making travel more difficult.
These risks could harm our international expansion efforts,
which, in turn, could materially and adversely affect our
business, operating results and financial condition.
If we fail to
deliver our games at the same time as new mobile handset models
are commercially introduced, our sales may suffer.
Our business is dependent, in part, on the commercial
introduction of new handset models with enhanced features,
including larger, higher resolution color screens, improved
audio quality, and
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greater processing power, memory, battery life and storage. We
do not control the timing of these handset launches. Some new
handsets are sold by carriers with one or more games or other
applications pre-loaded, and many end users who download our
games do so after they purchase their new handsets to experience
the new features of those handsets. Some handset manufacturers
give us access to their handsets prior to commercial release. If
one or more major handset manufacturers were to cease to provide
us access to new handset models prior to commercial release, we
might be unable to introduce compatible versions of our games
for those handsets in coordination with their commercial
release, and we might not be able to make compatible versions
for a substantial period following their commercial release. If,
because of game launch delays, we miss the opportunity to sell
games when new handsets are shipped or our end users upgrade to
a new handset, or if we miss the key holiday selling period,
either because the introduction of a new handset is delayed or
we do not deploy our games in time for the holiday selling
season, our revenues would likely decline and our business,
operating results and financial condition would likely suffer.
Wireless carriers
generally control the price charged for our mobile games and the
billing and collection for sales of our mobile games and could
make decisions detrimental to us.
Wireless carriers generally control the price charged for our
mobile games either by approving or establishing the price of
the games charged to their subscribers. Some of our carrier
agreements also restrict our ability to change prices. In cases
where carrier approval is required, approvals may not be granted
in a timely manner or at all. A failure or delay in obtaining
these approvals, the prices established by the carriers for our
games, or changes in these prices could adversely affect market
acceptance of those games. Similarly, for the significant
minority of our carriers, including Verizon Wireless, when we
make changes to a pricing plan (the wholesale price and the
corresponding suggested retail price based on our negotiated
revenue-sharing arrangement), adjustments to the actual retail
price charged to end users may not be made in a timely manner or
at all (even though our wholesale price was reduced). A failure
or delay by these carriers in adjusting the retail price for our
games, could adversely affect sales volume and our revenues for
those games.
Carriers and other distributors also control billings and
collections for our games, either directly or through
third-party service providers. If our carriers or their
third-party service providers cause material inaccuracies when
providing billing and collection services to us, our revenues
may be less than anticipated or may be subject to refund at the
discretion of the carrier. This could harm our business,
operating results and financial condition.
We may be unable
to develop and introduce in a timely way new mobile games, and
our games may have defects, which could harm our
brand.
The planned timing and introduction of new original mobile games
and games based on licensed intellectual property are subject to
risks and uncertainties. Unexpected technical, operational,
deployment, distribution or other problems could delay or
prevent the introduction of new games, which could result in a
loss of, or delay in, revenues or damage to our reputation and
brand. If any of our games is introduced with defects, errors or
failures, we could experience decreased sales, loss of end
users, damage to our carrier relationships and damage to our
reputation and brand. Our attractiveness to branded content
licensors might also be reduced. In addition, new games may not
achieve sufficient market acceptance to offset the costs of
development, particularly when the introduction of a game is
substantially later than a planned
day-and-date
launch, which could materially harm our business, operating
results and financial condition.
If we fail to
maintain and enhance our capabilities for porting games to a
broad array of mobile handsets, our attractiveness to wireless
carriers and branded content owners will be impaired, and our
sales could suffer.
Once developed, a mobile game may be required to be ported to,
or converted into separate versions for, more than 1,000
different handset models, many with different technological
48
requirements. These include handsets with various combinations
of underlying technologies, user interfaces, keypad layouts,
screen resolutions, sound capabilities and other
carrier-specific customizations. If we fail to maintain or
enhance our porting capabilities, our sales could suffer,
branded content owners might choose not to grant us licenses and
carriers might choose to give our games less desirable deck
placement or not to give our games placement on their decks at
all.
Changes to our game design and development processes to address
new features or functions of handsets or networks might cause
inefficiencies in our porting process or might result in more
labor intensive porting processes. In addition, we anticipate
that in the future we will be required to port existing and new
games to a broader array of handsets. If we utilize more labor
intensive porting processes, our margins could be significantly
reduced and it might take us longer to port games to an
equivalent number of handsets. This, in turn, could harm our
business, operating results and financial condition.
If our
independent, third-party developers cease development of new
games for us and we are unable to find comparable replacements,
we may have to reduce the number of games that we intend to
introduce, delay the introduction of some games or increase our
internal development staff, which would be a time-consuming and
potentially costly process, and, as a result, our competitive
position may be adversely impacted.
We rely on independent third-party developers to develop a few
of our games, which subjects us to the following risks:
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key developers who worked for us in the past may choose to work
for or be acquired by our competitors;
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developers currently under contract may try to renegotiate our
agreements with them on terms less favorable to us; and
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our developers may be unable or unwilling to allocate sufficient
resources to complete our games in a timely or satisfactory
manner or at all.
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If our developers terminate their relationships with us or
negotiate agreements with terms less favorable to us, we may
have to reduce the number of games that we intend to introduce,
delay the introduction of some games or increase our internal
development staff, which would be a time-consuming and
potentially costly process, and, as a result, our business,
operating results and financial condition could be harmed.
If one or more of
our games were found to contain hidden, objectionable content,
our reputation and operating results could suffer.
Historically, many video games have been designed to include
hidden content and gameplay features that are accessible through
the use of in-game cheat codes or other technological means that
are intended to enhance the gameplay experience. For example,
Super K.O. Boxing includes additional characters and game
modes that are available with a code (usually provided to a
player after accomplishing a certain level of achievement in the
game). These features have been common in console and computer
games. However, in several recent cases, hidden content or
features have been included in other publishers products
by an employee who was not authorized to do so or by an outside
developer without the knowledge of the publisher. From time to
time, some of this hidden content and these hidden features have
contained profanity, graphic violence and sexually explicit or
otherwise objectionable material. Our design and porting process
and the constraints on the file size of our games reduce the
possibility of hidden, objectionable content appearing in the
games we publish. Nonetheless, these processes and constraints
may not prevent this content from being included in our games.
If a game we published were found to contain hidden,
objectionable content, our wireless carriers and other
distributors of our games could refuse to sell it, consumers
could refuse to buy it or demand a refund of their money, and,
if the game was based on licensed content,
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the licensor could demand that we incur significant expense to
remove the objectionable content from the game and all ported
versions of the game. This could have a materially negative
impact on our business, operating results and financial
condition. In addition, our reputation could be harmed, which
could impact sales of other games we sell and our attractiveness
to content licensors and carriers or other distributors of our
games. If any of these consequences were to occur, our business,
operating results and financial condition could be significantly
harmed.
If we fail to
maintain an effective system of internal controls, we might not
be able to report our financial results accurately or prevent
fraud; in that case, our stockholders could lose confidence in
our financial reporting, which could negatively impact the price
of our stock.
Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide
reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. In addition,
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 will require
us to evaluate and report on our internal control over financial
reporting and have our independent registered public accounting
firm attest to our evaluation beginning with our Annual Report
on
Form 10-K
for the year ending December 31, 2008. We are in the
process of preparing and implementing an internal plan of action
for compliance with Section 404 and strengthening and
testing our system of internal controls to provide the basis for
our report. The process of implementing our internal controls
and complying with Section 404 will be expensive and time
consuming, and will require significant attention of management.
We cannot be certain that these measures will ensure that we
implement and maintain adequate controls over our financial
processes and reporting in the future. Even if we conclude, and
our independent registered public accounting firm concurs, that
our internal control over financial reporting provides
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, because of its inherent limitations,
internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or
detect fraud or misstatements. Failure to implement required new
or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their
implementation, could harm our operating results or cause us to
fail to meet our reporting obligations. If we or our independent
registered public accounting firm discover a material weakness
or a significant deficiency in our internal control, the
disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce
the markets confidence in our financial statements and
harm our stock price. For example, our auditors have identified
a significant deficiency in that we did not have sufficient
personnel within our accounting function in the United Kingdom.
While we believe we have adequately remediated the deficiency,
our remediation may prove inadequate and there can be no
assurance that additional deficiencies will not be identified.
In addition, a delay in compliance with Section 404 could
subject us to a variety of administrative sanctions, including
ineligibility for short form resale registration, action by the
Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, the suspension or
delisting of our common stock from The NASDAQ Global Market and
the inability of registered broker-dealers to make a market in
our common stock, which would further reduce our stock price and
could harm our business.
If we do not
adequately protect our intellectual property rights, it may be
possible for third parties to obtain and improperly use our
intellectual property and our competitive position may be
adversely affected.
Our intellectual property is an essential element of our
business. We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark,
trade secret and other intellectual property laws and
restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property
rights. To date, we have not sought patent protection.
Consequently, we will not be able to protect our technologies
from independent invention by third parties. Despite our efforts
to protect our intellectual property rights, unauthorized
parties may attempt to copy or otherwise to obtain and use our
technology and games. Monitoring unauthorized use of our games
is difficult and costly, and we cannot be certain that the steps
we have taken will prevent piracy and other unauthorized
distribution and use of our technology and games, particularly
internationally where the laws may not protect our intellectual
property rights as fully as in the United States. In the future,
we
50
may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual
property rights, which could result in substantial costs and
diversion of our management and resources.
In addition, although we require our third-party developers to
sign agreements not to disclose or improperly use our trade
secrets and acknowledging that all inventions, trade secrets,
works of authorship, developments and other processes generated
by them on our behalf are our property and to assign to us any
ownership they may have in those works, it may still be possible
for third parties to obtain and improperly use our intellectual
properties without our consent. This could harm our business,
operating results and financial condition.
Third parties may
sue us for intellectual property infringement, which, if
successful, may disrupt our business and could require us to pay
significant damage awards.
Third parties may sue us for intellectual property infringement
or initiate proceedings to invalidate our intellectual property,
either of which, if successful, could disrupt the conduct of our
business, cause us to pay significant damage awards or require
us to pay licensing fees. In the event of a successful claim
against us, we might be enjoined from using our or our licensed
intellectual property, we might incur significant licensing fees
and we might be forced to develop alternative technologies. Our
failure or inability to develop non-infringing technology or
games or to license the infringed or similar technology or games
on a timely basis could force us to withdraw games from the
market or prevent us from introducing new games. In addition,
even if we are able to license the infringed or similar
technology or games, license fees could be substantial and the
terms of these licenses could be burdensome, which might
adversely affect our operating results. We might also incur
substantial expenses in defending against third-party
infringement claims, regardless of their merit. Successful
infringement or licensing claims against us might result in
substantial monetary liabilities and might materially disrupt
the conduct of our business.
Indemnity
provisions in various agreements potentially expose us to
substantial liability for intellectual property infringement,
damages caused by malicious software and other losses.
In the ordinary course of our business, most of our agreements
with carriers and other distributors include indemnification
provisions. In these provisions, we agree to indemnify them for
losses suffered or incurred in connection with our games,
including as a result of intellectual property infringement and
damages caused by viruses, worms and other malicious software.
The term of these indemnity provisions is generally perpetual
after execution of the corresponding license agreement, and the
maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required
to make under these indemnification provisions is generally
unlimited. Large future indemnity payments could harm our
business, operating results and financial condition.
As a result of a
majority of our revenues currently being derived from four
wireless carriers, if any one of these carriers were unable to
fulfill its payment obligations, our financial condition and
results of operations would suffer.
As of December 31, 2006, our outstanding accounts
receivable balances with Verizon Wireless, Sprint Nextel,
Vodafone and Cingular Wireless were $3.0 million,
$1.5 million, $1.4 million and $1.2 million,
respectively. As of December 31, 2005, our outstanding
accounts receivable balances with those carriers were
$1.7 million, $693,000, $277,000 and $538,000,
respectively. Since 49.3% of our outstanding accounts receivable
at December 31, 2006 were with Verizon Wireless, Sprint
Nextel, Cingular Wireless and Vodafone, we have a concentration
of credit risk. If any of these carriers is unable to fulfill
its payment obligations to us under our carrier agreements with
them, our revenues could decline significantly and our financial
condition might be harmed.
51
We may need to
raise additional capital to grow our business, and we may not be
able to raise capital on terms acceptable to us or at
all.
The operation of our business and our efforts to grow our
business further will require significant cash outlays and
commitments. If our cash, cash equivalents and short-term
investments balances and any cash generated from operations and
from our IPO are not sufficient to meet our cash
requirements, we will need to seek additional capital,
potentially through debt or equity financings, to fund our
growth. We may not be able to raise needed cash on terms
acceptable to us or at all. Financings, if available, may be on
terms that are dilutive or potentially dilutive to our
stockholders, and the prices at which new investors would be
willing to purchase our securities may be lower than the IPO price. The holders of new securities may also
receive rights, preferences or privileges that are senior to
those of existing holders of our common stock. If new sources of
financing are required but are insufficient or unavailable, we
would be required to modify our growth and operating plans to
the extent of available funding, which would harm our ability to
grow our business.
We face risks
associated with currency exchange rate fluctuations.
Although we currently transact approximately three-fifths of our
business in U.S. Dollars, we also transact approximately
one-third of our business in pounds sterling and Euros and a
small portion of our business in other currencies. Conducting
business in currencies other than U.S. Dollars subjects us
to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could have a
negative impact on our reported operating results. Fluctuations
in the value of the U.S. Dollar relative to other
currencies impact our revenues, cost of revenues and operating
margins and result in foreign currency transaction gains and
losses. To date, we have not engaged in exchange rate hedging
activities. Even were we to implement hedging strategies to
mitigate this risk, these strategies might not eliminate our
exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations and would involve
costs and risks of their own, such as ongoing management time
and expertise, external costs to implement the strategies and
potential accounting implications.
Our business in
countries with a history of corruption and transactions with
foreign governments, including with government owned or
controlled wireless carriers, increase the risks associated
with our international activities.
As we operate and sell internationally, we are subject to the
U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, and other
laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to
foreign governments and their officials and political parties by
U.S. and other business entities for the purpose of obtaining or
retaining business. We have operations, deal with carriers and
make sales in countries known to experience corruption,
particularly certain emerging countries in East Asia, Eastern
Europe and Latin America, and further international expansion
may involve more of these countries. Our activities in these
countries create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of
payments by one of our employees, consultants, sales agents or
distributors that could be in violation of various laws
including the FCPA, even though these parties are not always
subject to our control. We have attempted to implement
safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees,
consultants, sales agents and distributors. However, our
existing safeguards and any future improvements may prove to be
less than effective, and our employees, consultants, sales
agents or distributors may engage in conduct for which we might
be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA may result in severe
criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to other
liabilities, which could negatively affect our business,
operating results and financial condition.
Changes to
financial accounting standards and new exchange rules could make
it more expensive to issue stock options to employees, which
would increase compensation costs and might cause us to change
our business practices.
We prepare our financial statements to conform with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States. These
accounting principles are subject to interpretation by the
Financial
52
Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, the SEC, and various other
bodies. A change in those principles could have a significant
effect on our reported results and might affect our reporting of
transactions completed before a change is announced. For
example, we have used stock options as a fundamental component
of our employee compensation packages. We believe that stock
options directly motivate our employees to maximize long-term
stockholder value and, through the use of vesting, encourage
employees to remain in our employ. Several regulatory agencies
and entities have made regulatory changes that could make it
more difficult or expensive for us to grant stock options to
employees. For example, the FASB released Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 123R, Share-Based
Payment, that required us to record a charge to earnings for
employee stock option grants beginning in 2006. In addition,
regulations implemented by the NASDAQ Stock Market generally
require stockholder approval for all stock option plans, which
could make it more difficult for us to grant stock options to
employees. We may, as a result of these changes, incur increased
compensation costs, change our equity compensation strategy or
find it difficult to attract, retain and motivate employees, any
of which could materially and adversely affect our business,
operating results and financial condition.
Maintaining and
improving our financial controls and the requirements of being a
public company may strain our resources, divert
managements attention and affect our ability to attract
and retain qualified members for our board of
directors.
As a public company, we will be subject to the reporting
requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the
rules and regulations of the NASDAQ Stock Market. The
requirements of these rules and regulations will increase our
legal, accounting and financial compliance costs, will make some
activities more difficult, time-consuming and costly and may
also place undue strain on our personnel, systems and resources.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we
maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and
internal control over financial reporting. This can be difficult
to do. For example, we depend on the reports of wireless
carriers for information regarding the amount of sales of our
games and related applications and to determine the amount of
royalties we owe branded content licensors and the amount of our
revenues. These reports may not be timely, and in the past they
have contained, and in the future they may contain, errors.
In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our
disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over
financial reporting, we will need to expend significant
resources and provide significant management oversight. We have
a substantial effort ahead of us to implement appropriate
processes, document our system of internal control over relevant
processes, assess their design, remediate any deficiencies
identified and test their operation. As a result,
managements attention may be diverted from other business
concerns, which could harm our business, operating results and
financial condition. These efforts will also involve substantial
accounting-related costs. In addition, if we are unable to
continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to
remain listed on The NASDAQ Global Market.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations of the
NASDAQ Stock Market will make it more difficult and more
expensive for us to maintain directors and officers
liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced
coverage or incur substantially higher costs to maintain
coverage. If we are unable to maintain adequate directors
and officers insurance, our ability to recruit and retain
qualified directors, especially those directors who may be
considered independent for purposes of the NASDAQ Stock Market
rules, and officers will be significantly curtailed.
53
Risks Relating to
Our Industry
Wireless
communications technologies are changing rapidly, and we may not
be successful in working with these new technologies.
Wireless network and mobile handset technologies are undergoing
rapid innovation. New handsets with more advanced processors and
supporting advanced programming languages continue to be
introduced. In addition, networks that enable enhanced features,
such as multiplayer technology, are being developed and
deployed. We have no control over the demand for, or success of,
these products or technologies. The development of new,
technologically advanced games to match the advancements in
handset technology is a complex process requiring significant
research and development expense, as well as the accurate
anticipation of technological and market trends. If we fail to
anticipate and adapt to these and other technological changes,
the available channels for our games may be limited and our
market share and our operating results may suffer. Our future
success will depend on our ability to adapt to rapidly changing
technologies, develop mobile games to accommodate evolving
industry standards and improve the performance and reliability
of our games. In addition, the widespread adoption of networking
or telecommunications technologies or other technological
changes could require substantial expenditures to modify or
adapt our games.
Technology changes in our industry require us to anticipate,
sometimes years in advance, which technologies we must implement
and take advantage of in order to make our games and other
mobile entertainment products competitive in the market.
Therefore, we usually start our product development with a range
of technical development goals that we hope to be able to
achieve. We may not be able to achieve these goals, or our
competition may be able to achieve them more quickly and
effectively than we can. In either case, our products may be
technologically inferior to those of our competitors, less
appealing to end users or both. If we cannot achieve our
technology goals within the original development schedule of our
products, then we may delay their release until these technology
goals can be achieved, which may delay or reduce our revenues,
increase our development expenses and harm our reputation.
Alternatively, we may increase the resources employed in
research and development in an attempt either to preserve our
product launch schedule or to keep up with our competition,
which would increase our development expenses. In either case,
our business, operating results and financial condition could be
materially harmed.
The complexity of
and incompatibilities among mobile handsets may require us to
use additional resources for the development of our
games.
To reach large numbers of wireless subscribers, mobile
entertainment publishers like us must support numerous mobile
handsets and technologies. However, keeping pace with the rapid
innovation of handset technologies together with the continuous
introduction of new, and often incompatible, handset models by
wireless carriers requires us to make significant investments in
research and development, including personnel, technologies and
equipment. In the future, we may be required to make substantial
investments in our development if the number of different types
of handset models continues to proliferate. In addition, as more
advanced handsets are introduced that enable more complex, feature
rich games, we anticipate that our per-game development costs will
increase, which could increase the risks associated with the failure
of any one game and could materially harm our operating results and
financial condition.
If wireless
subscribers do not continue to use their mobile handsets to
access games and other applications, our business growth and
future revenues may be adversely affected.
We operate in a developing industry. Our success depends on
growth in the number of wireless subscribers who use their
handsets to access data services and, in particular,
entertainment applications of the type we develop and
distribute. New or different mobile entertainment applications,
such as streaming video or music applications, developed by our
current or future competitors may be preferred by subscribers to
our games. In addition, other mobile platforms such as the iPod
and dedicated portable gaming platforms such as the PlayStation
Portable and the Nintendo DS may become widespread, and end
users may choose to switch to these platforms. If the market for
our games does not continue to grow or we are unable to acquire
new end users, our business growth and future revenues could be
adversely affected. If end users switch their entertainment
spending away from the games and related applications that we
publish, or switch to portable gaming platforms or distribution
where we do not have comparative strengths, our revenues would
likely decline and our business, operating results and financial
condition would suffer.
54
Our industry is
subject to risks generally associated with the entertainment
industry, any of which could significantly harm our operating
results.
Our business is subject to risks that are generally associated
with the entertainment industry, many of which are beyond our
control. These risks could negatively impact our operating
results and include: the popularity, price and timing of release
of games and mobile handsets on which they are played; economic
conditions that adversely affect discretionary consumer
spending; changes in consumer demographics; the availability and
popularity of other forms of entertainment; and critical reviews
and public tastes and preferences, which may change rapidly and
cannot necessarily be predicted.
A shift of
technology platform by wireless carriers and mobile handset
manufacturers could lengthen the development period for our
games, increase our costs and cause our games to be of lower
quality or to be published later than anticipated.
End users of games must have a mobile handset with multimedia
capabilities enabled by technologies capable of running
third-party games and related applications such as ours. Our
development resources are concentrated in the BREW and Java
platforms, and we have experience developing games for the
i-mode,
Mophun, Symbian and Windows Mobile Platforms. If one or more of
these technologies fall out of favor with handset manufacturers
and wireless carriers and there is a rapid shift to a technology
platform such as Adobe Flash Lite or a new technology where we
do not have development experience or resources, the development
period for our games may be lengthened, increasing our costs,
and the resulting games may be of lower quality, and may be
published later than anticipated. In such an event, our
reputation, business, operating results and financial condition
might suffer.
System or network
failures could reduce our sales, increase costs or result in a
loss of end users of our games.
Mobile game publishers rely on wireless carriers networks
to deliver games to end users and on their or other third
parties billing systems to track and account for the
downloading of their games. In certain circumstances, mobile
game publishers may also rely on their own servers to deliver
games on demand to end users through their carriers networks.
In addition, certain subscription-based games such as World
Series of Poker and entertainment products such as FOX Sports
Mobile require access over the mobile Internet to our servers in
order to enable features such as multiplayer modes, high score
posting or access to information updates. Any failure of, or
technical problem with, carriers, third parties or
our billing systems, delivery systems, information systems or
communications networks could result in the inability of end
users to download our games, prevent the completion of billing
for a game, or interfere with access to some aspects of our
games or other products. If any of these systems fails or if
there is an interruption in the supply of power, an earthquake,
fire, flood or other natural disaster, or an act of war or
terrorism, end users might be unable to access our games. For
example, from time to time, our carriers have experienced
failures with their billing and delivery systems and
communication networks, including gateway failures that reduced
the provisioning capacity of their branded
e-commerce
system. Any failure of, or technical problem with, the
carriers, other third parties or our systems could
cause us to lose end users or revenues or incur substantial
repair costs and distract management from operating our
business. This, in turn, could harm our business, operating
results and financial condition.
55
The market for
mobile games is seasonal, and our results may vary significantly
from period to period.
Many new mobile handset models are released in the fourth
calendar quarter to coincide with the holiday shopping season.
Because many end users download our games soon after they
purchase new handsets, we may experience seasonal sales
increases based on the holiday selling period. However, due to
the time between handset purchases and game purchases, most of
this holiday impact occurs for us in our first quarter. In
addition, we seek to release many of our games in conjunction
with specific events, such as the release of a related movie. If
we miss these key selling periods for any reason, our sales will
suffer disproportionately. Likewise, if a key event to which our
game release schedule is tied were to be delayed or cancelled,
our sales would also suffer disproportionately. Further, for a
variety of reasons, including roaming charges for data downloads
that may make purchase of our games prohibitively expensive for
many end users while they are traveling, we may experience
seasonal sales decreases during the summer, particularly in
Europe. If the level of travel increases or expands to other
periods, our operating results and financial condition may be
harmed. Our ability to meet game development schedules is
affected by a number of factors, including the creative
processes involved, the coordination of large and sometimes
geographically dispersed development teams required by the
increasing complexity of our games, and the need to fine-tune
our games prior to their release. Any failure to meet
anticipated development or release schedules would likely result
in a delay of revenues or possibly a significant shortfall in
our revenues and cause our operating results to be materially
different than anticipated.
Our business
depends on the growth and maintenance of wireless communications
infrastructure.
Our success will depend on the continued growth and maintenance
of wireless communications infrastructure in the United States
and internationally. This includes deployment and maintenance of
reliable next-generation digital networks with the speed, data
capacity and security necessary to provide reliable wireless
communications services. Wireless communications infrastructure
may be unable to support the demands placed on it if the number
of subscribers continues to increase, or if existing or future
subscribers increase their bandwidth requirements. Wireless
communications have experienced a variety of outages and other
delays as a result of infrastructure and equipment failures, and
could face outages and delays in the future. These outages and
delays could reduce the level of wireless communications usage
as well as our ability to distribute our games successfully. In
addition, changes by a wireless carrier to network
infrastructure may interfere with downloads of our games and may
cause end users to lose functionality in our games that they
have already downloaded. This could harm our business, operating
results and financial condition.
Future mobile
handsets may significantly reduce or eliminate wireless
carriers control over delivery of our games and force us
to rely further on alternative sales channels, which, if not
successful, could require us to increase our sales and marketing
expenses significantly.
Substantially all our games are currently sold through
carriers branded
e-commerce
services. We have invested significant resources developing this
sales channel. However, a growing number of handset models
currently available allow wireless subscribers to browse the
Internet and, in some cases, download applications from sources
other than a carriers branded
e-commerce
service. In addition, the development of other application
delivery mechanisms such as premium-SMS may enable subscribers
to download applications without having to access a
carriers branded
e-commerce
service. Increased use by subscribers of open operating system
handsets or premium-SMS delivery systems will enable them to
bypass carriers branded
e-commerce
services and could reduce the market power of carriers. This
could force us to rely further on alternative sales channels
where we may not be successful selling our games, and could
require us to increase our sales and marketing expenses
significantly. As with our carriers, we believe that inferior
placement of our games and other mobile entertainment products
in the menus of off-deck distributors will result in lower
revenues than might otherwise be anticipated from these
alternative sales channels. We may be unable to develop and
promote our direct website distribution sufficiently to overcome
the limitations and disadvantages of off-deck distribution
channels. This could harm our business, operating results and
financial condition.
56
Actual or
perceived security vulnerabilities in mobile handsets or
wireless networks could adversely affect our revenues.
Maintaining the security of mobile handsets and wireless
networks is critical for our business. There are individuals and
groups who develop and deploy viruses, worms and other illicit
code or malicious software programs that may attack wireless
networks and handsets. Security experts have identified computer
worm programs, such as Cabir and
Commwarrior.A, and viruses, such as
Lasco.A, that target handsets running on the Symbian
operating system. Although these worms have not been widely
released and do not present an immediate risk to our business,
we believe future threats could lead some end users to seek to
return our games, reduce or delay future purchases of our games
or reduce or delay the use of their handsets. Wireless carriers
and handset manufacturers may also increase their expenditures
on protecting their wireless networks and mobile phone products
from attack, which could delay adoption of new handset models.
Any of these activities could adversely affect our revenues and
this could harm our business, operating results and financial
condition.
If a substantial
number of the end users that purchase our games by subscription
change mobile handsets or if wireless carriers switch to
subscription plans that require active monthly renewal by
subscribers, our sales could suffer.
Subscriptions represent a significant portion of our revenues.
As handset development continues, over time an increasing
percentage of end users who already own one or more of our
subscription games will likely upgrade from their existing
handsets. With some wireless carriers, it is not currently
feasible for these end users to transfer their existing
subscriptions from one handset to another. In addition, carriers
may switch to subscription billing systems that require end
users to actively renew, or opt-in, each month from current
systems that passively renew unless end users take some action
to opt-out of their subscriptions. In either case, unless we are
able to re-sell subscriptions to these end users or replace
these end users with other end users, our sales would suffer and
this could harm our business, operating results and financial
condition.
Changes in
government regulation of the media and wireless communications
industries may adversely affect our business.
It is possible that a number of laws and regulations may be
adopted in the United States and elsewhere that could restrict
the media and wireless communications industries, including laws
and regulations regarding customer privacy, taxation, content
suitability, copyright, distribution and antitrust. Furthermore,
the growth and development of the market for electronic commerce
may prompt calls for more stringent consumer protection laws
that may impose additional burdens on companies such as ours
conducting business through wireless carriers. We anticipate
that regulation of our industry will increase and that we will
be required to devote legal and other resources to address this
regulation. Changes in current laws or regulations or the
imposition of new laws and regulations in the United States or
elsewhere regarding the media and wireless communications
industries may lessen the growth of wireless communications
services and may materially reduce our ability to increase or
maintain sales of our games.
A number of studies have examined the health effects of mobile
phone use, and the results of some of the studies have been
interpreted as evidence that mobile phone use causes adverse
health effects. The establishment of a link between the use of
mobile phone services and health problems, or any media reports
suggesting such a link, could increase government regulation of,
and reduce demand for, mobile phones and, accordingly, the
demand for our games and related applications, and this could
harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
57
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
From January 1, 2007 through March 31, 2007, we granted stock options to purchase 464,607 shares of
our common stock at prices ranging from $10.65 to $11.50 per share to our employees and directors
under our 2001 Plan and our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan. During such period, we issued and sold an
aggregate of 95,130 shares of our common stock to employees and former employees at a
weighted-average exercise price of approximately $0.84 per share pursuant to exercises of options
granted under our 2001 Plan. On February 28, 2007, we issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of
272,204 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.0003 per share to Granite Global
Ventures II, L.P. and TWI Glu Mobile Holdings Inc. in exchange for their consent to convert
outstanding shares of our preferred stock held by them into our common stock in connection our IPO.
The sales of the above securities were deemed to be exempt from registration under the Securities
Act in reliance on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, or Regulation D of the Securities Act, or
Rule 701 promulgated under Section 3(b) of the Securities Act, as transactions by an issuer not
involving a public offering or transactions pursuant to compensatory benefit plans and contracts
relating to compensation as provided under Rule 701. The recipients of securities in each of these
transactions represented their intention to acquire the securities for investment only and not with
view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof and instruments issued in such
transactions. All recipients had adequate access, through their relationship with us, to
information about us.
Use of Proceeds from Public Offering of Common Stock
The Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-139493) relating to our IPO was
declared effective by the SEC on March 21, 2007, and the offering commenced the following day.
Goldman Sachs & Co. acted as the sole book-running manager for the offering, and Lehman Brothers
Inc., Bank of America Securities LLC and Needham & Company, LLC acted as co-managers of the
offering.
The securities registered were 7,300,000 shares of common stock, plus 1,095,000 additional
shares to cover the underwriters over-allotment option (1,094,000 of which were held before the
IPO by certain of our stockholders). On April 25, 2007, the underwriters exercised the
over-allotment option as to 199,469 shares, all of which were sold by our stockholders and not by
us. The remaining 895,531 shares will not be sold pursuant to the registration statement. The
aggregate public offering price of the offering amount registered, including shares to cover the
underwriters over-allotment option, was $96,542,500. We sold 7,300,000 shares of our common stock
for an aggregate offering price of $83,950,000, the selling stockholders sold 199,469 shares for an
aggregate offering price of $2,293,894 and the offering has terminated.
Expenses incurred in connection with the issuance and distributions of the securities registered
were as follows:
|
|
Underwriting discount $5,876,500 |
|
|
|
Other expenses approximately $3,300,000 |
|
|
|
Total expenses approximately $8,876,500 |
The other expenses and total expenses provided above are estimates. None of such payments were
direct or indirect payments to any of our directors or officers or their associates or to persons
owning 10 percent or more of our common stock or direct or indirect payments to others. The net
offering proceeds to us after deducting underwriters discounts and the total expenses described
above was approximately $74.7 million.
We used approximately $12.0 million of the net proceeds to repay in full the principal and
accrued interest on our outstanding loan from the lender. We expect to use the remaining net
proceeds for general corporate purposes, including working capital and potential capital
expenditures and acquisitions. Although we may also use a portion of the net proceeds for the
acquisition of, or investment in, companies, technologies, products or assets that complement our
business, we have no present understandings, commitments or agreements to enter into any
acquisitions or make any investments.
Our management will retain broad discretion in the allocation and use of the net proceeds of
our IPO, and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application
of the net proceeds. Pending specific utilization of the net proceeds as described above, we have
invested the net proceeds of the offering in short-term, interest-bearing obligations, investment
grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the United
States. The goal with respect to the investment of the net proceeds will be capital preservation
and liquidity so that such funds are readily available to fund our operations.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
58
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
On March 2, 2007, the shareholders of Glu Mobile Inc., a California corporation (our
California Predecessor), and our California Predecessor (our then sole stockholder) voted upon the
following actions by written consent. The results set forth below relate to the votes of the
shareholders of our California Predecessor and reflect our 3-for-1 reverse stock split. Our sole
stockholder voted in favor of each of the proposals. There were no broker non-votes as to any
proposal as the matters were voted upon prior to our IPO.
1. Approval of our reincorporation from California to Delaware through the merger of our California
Predecessor with us (the Reincorporation). The votes received by the shareholders of the
California Predecessor were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Stock |
|
Shares For |
|
Shares Against |
|
Shares Abstaining |
Common Stock |
|
|
4,874,761 |
|
|
|
672 |
|
|
|
1,433 |
|
Preferred Stock |
|
|
13,644,231 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
2. Approval of a 3-for-1 reverse stock split of our Common Stock following the Reincorporation but
before the IPO. The votes received by the shareholders of the California Predecessor were as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Stock |
|
Shares For |
|
Shares Against |
|
Shares Abstaining |
Common Stock |
|
|
3,622,665 |
|
|
|
88,950 |
|
|
|
1,165,251 |
|
Preferred Stock |
|
|
13,536,472 |
|
|
|
27,056 |
|
|
|
80,703 |
|
3. Restatement of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, following the IPO, to read as set
forth in Exhibits 3.02 and 3.04 to our Form
S-1. The votes received by the shareholders of the
California Predecessor were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Stock |
|
Shares For |
|
Shares Against |
|
Shares Abstaining |
Common Stock |
|
|
4,777,982 |
|
|
|
70,116 |
|
|
|
27,768 |
|
Preferred Stock |
|
|
13,596,627 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
47,604 |
|
4. Election of members of our Board of Directors and the assignment of each such director to one of
three classes of directors, as follows: Class I directors Richard A. Moran, Hany M. Nada and
Sharon L. Wienbar; Class II directors Ann Mather and Daniel L. Skaff; and Class III directors
L. Gregory Ballard, A. Brooke Seawell and William J. Miller, such assignments to be effective upon
the closing of the IPO. The votes received by the shareholders of the California Predecessor were
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Stock |
|
Shares For |
|
Shares Against |
|
Shares Abstaining |
Common Stock |
|
|
4,793,720 |
|
|
|
672 |
|
|
|
82,474 |
|
Preferred Stock |
|
|
13,644,231 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
5. Adoption of our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan and the reservation of 1,766,666 shares (post-split)
for initial issuance under such plan. The votes received by the shareholders of the California
Predecessor were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Stock |
|
Shares For |
|
Shares Against |
|
Shares Abstaining |
Common Stock |
|
|
3,637,887 |
|
|
|
70,116 |
|
|
|
1,168,863 |
|
Preferred Stock |
|
|
13,515,924 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
128,307 |
|
6. Adoption of our 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and the reservation of 666,666 shares
(post-split) for initial issuance under such plan. The votes received by the shareholders of the
California Predecessor were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Stock |
|
Shares For |
|
Shares Against |
|
Shares Abstaining |
Common Stock |
|
|
4,833,399 |
|
|
|
10,672 |
|
|
|
32,795 |
|
Preferred Stock |
|
|
13,569,571 |
|
|
|
27,056 |
|
|
|
47,604 |
|
59
7. Approval of form of Indemnity Agreement to be entered into with each of our officers and
directors. The votes received by the shareholders of the California Predecessor were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Stock |
|
Shares For |
|
Shares Against |
|
Shares Abstaining |
Common Stock |
|
|
4,844,926 |
|
|
|
3,172 |
|
|
|
28,768 |
|
Preferred Stock |
|
|
13,596,627 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
47,604 |
|
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incorporated by Reference |
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Filing |
|
Provided |
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
Form |
|
File No. |
|
Exhibit |
|
Date |
|
Herewith |
|
3.02 |
|
|
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Glu
Mobile Inc., dated as of March 26, 2007.
|
|
S-1
|
|
333-139493
|
|
|
3.02 |
|
|
2/14/07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.04 |
|
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Glu Mobile Inc.
|
|
S-1
|
|
333-139493
|
|
|
3.04 |
|
|
3/6/07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.01 |
|
|
Lease dated as of March 14, 2007 by and
between The Royal Bank of Scotland, Plc, Glu
Mobile Limited and Glu Mobile Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.01 |
|
|
Certification of Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule
13a-14(a).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.02 |
|
|
Certification of Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule
13a-14(a).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.01 |
|
|
Certification of Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to 18
U.S.C. Section 1350 and
Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.02 |
|
|
Certification of Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and
Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
* |
|
This certification is not deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section.
Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, except to the extent that Glu Mobile specifically incorporates it by reference. |
60
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has
duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
|
|
|
|
|
|
GLU MOBILE INC.
|
|
Date: May 14, 2007 |
By: |
/s/ L. Gregory Ballard
|
|
|
|
L. Gregory Ballard |
|
|
|
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: May 14, 2007 |
By: |
/s/ Albert A. Pimentel
|
|
|
|
Albert A. Pimentel |
|
|
|
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer) |
|
|
61
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incorporated by Reference |
|
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Filing |
|
|
Provided |
|
Number |
|
|
Exhibit Description |
|
Form |
|
|
File No. |
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
Date |
|
|
Herewith |
|
3.02 |
|
|
Restated
Certificate of Incorporation of Glu Mobile Inc., dated as of March 26, 2007. |
|
|
S-1 |
|
|
|
333-139493 |
|
|
|
3.02 |
|
|
|
2/14/07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.04 |
|
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Glu Mobile Inc. |
|
|
S-1 |
|
|
|
333-139493 |
|
|
|
3.04 |
|
|
|
3/6/07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.01 |
|
|
Lease dated as of March 14, 2007 by and
between The Royal Bank of Scotland, Plc, Glu Mobile Limited and Glu Mobile Inc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.01 |
|
|
Certification of Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.02 |
|
|
Certification of Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.01 |
|
|
Certification of Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.02 |
|
|
Certification of Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
This certification is not deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section.
Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, except to the extent that Glu Mobile specifically incorporates it by reference. |