Edgar Filing: INVESTORS REAL ESTATE TRUST

iret_Current_Folio_10Q

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☑QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended October 31, 2017

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission File Number 001-35624

INVESTORS REAL ESTATE TRUST

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

North Dakota	45-0311232
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1400 31st Avenue SW, Suite 60, Post Office Box 1988, Minot, ND 58702-1988
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

(701) 837-4738

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to the filing requirements for at least the past 90 days.


Yes ☑		No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).


Yes ☑		No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☑		Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller Reporting Company ☐	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).


Yes ☐		No ☑

The number of common shares of beneficial interest outstanding as of December 4, 2017, was 120,037,183.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS


	Page
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements - Second Quarter - Fiscal 2018 :	3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) October 31, 2017, and April 30, 2017	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) For the Three and Six Months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (unaudited) For the Six Months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) For the Six Months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016	6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	37
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	38

Part II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	39
Item 1A. Risk Factors	39
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	39
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	39
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	39
Item 5. Other Information	39
Item 6. Exhibits	40
Signatures	41

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PART I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - SECOND QUARTER - FISCAL 2018

INVESTORS REAL ESTATE TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited)


	(in thousands)
	October 31, 2017		April 30, 2017
ASSETS
Real estate investments
Property owned	$	1,831,181	$	1,677,481
Less accumulated depreciation		(384,402)		(340,417)
		1,446,779		1,337,064
Unimproved land		15,216		18,455
Mortgage loans receivable		10,329		—
Total real estate investments		1,472,324		1,355,519
Assets held for sale and assets of discontinued operations		—		37,708
Cash and cash equivalents		42,464		28,819
Restricted cash		4,306		28,709
Other assets		31,933		23,759
TOTAL ASSETS	$	1,551,027	$	1,474,514
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS, AND EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Liabilities held for sale and liabilities of discontinued operations	$	—	$	30,062
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		33,757		40,430
Revolving line of credit		247,500		57,050
Mortgages payable, net of unamortized loan costs of $3,062 and $3,480, respectively		655,903		661,960
Construction debt		21,561		41,737
TOTAL LIABILITIES		958,721		831,239
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 6)
REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS – CONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE ENTITIES		6,812		7,181
EQUITY
Series B Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest (Cumulative redeemable preferred shares, no par value, no shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2017 and 4,600 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2017, aggregate liquidation preference of $115,000)		—		111,357
Series C Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest (Cumulative redeemable preferred shares, no par value, 4,118 shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2017 and no shares issued and outstading at April 30, 2017, aggregate liquidation preference of $102,962)		99,467		—
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest (Unlimited authorization, no par value, 120,189 shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2017 and 121,199 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2017)		910,683		916,121
Accumulated distributions in excess of net income		(490,612)		(466,541)
Total shareholders’ equity		519,538		560,937
Noncontrolling interests – Operating Partnership (14,618 units at October 31, 2017 and 15,617 units at April 30, 2017)		64,291		73,233
Noncontrolling interests – consolidated real estate entities		1,665		1,924
Total equity		585,494		636,094
TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS, AND EQUITY	$	1,551,027	$	1,474,514

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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INVESTORS REAL ESTATE TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited)

for the three and six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016


	(in thousands, except per share data)
	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	October 31,				October 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
REVENUE
Real estate rentals	$	48,702	$	45,859	$	96,349	$	90,844
Tenant reimbursement		5,219		4,750		10,307		9,376
TOTAL REVENUE		53,921		50,609		106,656		100,220
EXPENSES
Property operating expenses, excluding real estate taxes		18,741		15,814		36,377		31,871
Real estate taxes		6,556		5,759		13,170		11,336
Depreciation and amortization		20,694		13,531		49,621		27,798
Impairment of real estate investments		—		—		256		54,153
General and administrative expenses		3,118		3,522		7,120		7,023
TOTAL EXPENSES		49,109		38,626		106,544		132,181
Operating income (loss)		4,812		11,983		112		(31,961)
Interest expense		(9,666)		(10,626)		(18,961)		(20,990)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(334)		—		(533)		—
Interest income		199		56		220		84
Other income		57		37		267		197
(Loss) income before gain (loss) on sale of real estate and other investments and income from discontinued operations		(4,932)		1,450		(18,895)		(52,670)
Gain (loss) on sale of real estate and other investments		5,324		(103)		5,448		8,855
Income (loss) from continuing operations		392		1,347		(13,447)		(43,815)
Income from discontinued operations		12,747		10,943		13,307		15,511
NET INCOME (LOSS)		13,139		12,290		(140)		(28,304)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests – Operating Partnership		(773)		(1,174)		871		2,122
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests – consolidated real estate entities		455		484		826		16,139
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interests		12,821		11,600		1,557		(10,043)
Dividends to preferred shareholders		(2,812)		(2,878)		(5,098)		(5,757)
Redemption of preferred shares		(3,649)		—		(3,649)		—
NET INCOME (LOSS) AVAILABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS	$	6,360	$	8,722	$	(7,190)	$	(15,800)
Loss per common share from continuing operations – basic and diluted	$	(0.05)	$	—	$	(0.16)	$	(0.23)
Earnings per common share from discontinued operations – basic and diluted		0.10		0.07		0.10		0.10
NET EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE – BASIC & DILUTED	$	0.05	$	0.07	$	(0.06)	$	(0.13)
DIVIDENDS PER COMMON SHARE	$	0.07	$	0.13	$	0.14	$	0.26

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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INVESTORS REAL ESTATE TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (unaudited)

for the six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016


	(in thousands)
				NUMBER			ACCUMULATED
	NUMBER OF			OF			DISTRIBUTIONS		NONREDEEMABLE
	PREFERRED	PREFERRED		COMMON	COMMON		IN EXCESS OF		NONCONTROLLING		TOTAL
	SHARES	SHARES		SHARES	SHARES		NET INCOME		INTERESTS		EQUITY
Balance April 30, 2016	5,750	$	138,674	121,091	$	922,084	$	(442,000)	$	99,504	$	718,262
Net loss attributable to controlling interests and nonredeemable noncontrolling interests								(10,043)		(18,116)		(28,159)
Distributions – common shares and units								(31,556)		(4,234)		(35,790)
Distributions – Series A preferred shares								(1,186)				(1,186)
Distributions – Series B preferred shares								(4,571)				(4,571)
Shares issued and share-based compensation				553		1,218						1,218
Redemption of units for common shares				57		134				(134)		—
Contributions from nonredeemable noncontrolling interests – consolidated real estate entities										7,150		7,150
Distributions to nonredeemable noncontrolling interests – consolidated real estate entities										(155)		(155)
Acquisition of nonredeemable noncontrolling interests - consolidated real estate entities						(2,677)				(2,261)		(4,938)
Other										(615)		(615)
Balance October 31, 2016	5,750	$	138,674	121,701	$	920,759	$	(489,356)	$	81,139	$	651,216


Balance April 30, 2017	4,600	$	111,357	121,199	$	916,121	$	(466,541)	$	75,157	$	636,094
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interests and nonredeemable noncontrolling interests								1,557		(1,328)		229
Distributions – common shares and units								(16,881)		(2,089)		(18,970)
Distributions – Series B preferred shares								(4,571)				(4,571)
Distributions – Series C preferred shares								(527)				(527)
Shares issued and share-based compensation				75		844						844
Series C preferred shares issued	4,118		99,467									99,467
Redemption of units for cash										(5,982)		(5,982)
Shares repurchased	(4,600)		(111,357)	(1,080)		(6,253)		(3,649)				(121,259)
Contributions from nonredeemable noncontrolling interests – consolidated real estate entities										239		239
Distributions to nonredeemable noncontrolling interests – consolidated real estate entities										(41)		(41)
Other				(5)		(29)						(29)
Balance October 31, 2017	4,118	$	99,467	120,189	$	910,683	$	(490,612)	$	65,956	$	585,494

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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INVESTORS REAL ESTATE TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)

for the six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016


	(in thousands)
	Six Months Ended
	October 31,
	2017		2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$	(140)	$	(28,304)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization, including amortization of capitalized loan costs		50,244		28,548
Depreciation and amortization from discontinued operations, including amortization of capitalized loan costs		9		64
Gain on sale of real estate, land, other investments and discontinued operations		(17,686)		(15,358)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		128		72
Share-based compensation expense		751		865
Impairment of real estate investments		256		54,153
Bad debt expense		498		371
Changes in other assets and liabilities:
Receivable arising from straight-lining of rents		(128)		(487)
Accounts receivable		(195)		(588)
Prepaid and other assets		(864)		(541)
Tax, insurance and other escrow		(187)		(200)
Deferred charges and leasing costs		(998)		(851)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(4,756)		(2,357)
Net cash provided by operating activities		26,932		35,387
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from real estate deposits		38,029		—
Payments for real estate deposits		(14,370)		(1,370)
Increase in notes receivable		(6,126)		—
Decrease in other investments		—		50
Decrease in lender holdbacks for improvements		1,444		1,925
Increase in lender holdbacks for improvements		(513)		(614)
Proceeds from sale of discontinued operations		35,775		43,896
Proceeds from sale of real estate and other investments		18,039		13,875
Insurance proceeds received		530		481
Payments for acquisitions of real estate assets		(154,122)		—
Payments for development and re-development of real estate assets		(2,817)		(10,897)
Payments for improvements of real estate assets		(10,981)		(23,641)
Net cash (used) provided by investing activities		(95,112)		23,705
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from mortgages payable		—		1,113
Principal payments on mortgages payable		(51,733)		(53,208)
Proceeds from revolving lines of credit		293,350		30,000
Principal payments on revolving lines of credit		(102,900)		—
Proceeds from construction debt		3,124		11,174
Payment on financing liability		(7,900)		—
Proceeds from noncontrolling partner – consolidated real estate entities		—		500
Payments for acquisition of noncontrolling interests – consolidated real estate entities		—		(4,938)
Repurchase of common shares		(6,253)		—
Proceeds from issuance of Series C preferred shares, net of issue costs		99,467		—
Repurchase of Series B preferred shares		(115,005)		—
Repurchase of partnership units		(5,982)		—
Distributions paid to common shareholders		(16,881)		(31,556)
Distributions paid to preferred shareholders		(5,333)		(5,757)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests – Unitholders of the Operating Partnership		(2,089)		(4,234)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests – consolidated real estate entities		(40)		(155)
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities		81,825		(57,061)
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		13,645		2,031
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD		28,819		66,698
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD	$	42,464	$	68,729

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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INVESTORS REAL ESTATE TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited, continued)

for the six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016


	(in thousands)
	Six Months Ended
	October 31,
	2017		2016
SUPPLEMENTARY SCHEDULE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Operating partnership units converted to shares	$	—	$	134
(Decrease) increase to accounts payable included within real estate investments		(2,106)		3,188
Construction debt reclassified to mortgages payable		23,300		10,549
Increase in mortgage notes receivable		10,329		—

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized of $0 and $298, respectively	$	17,122	$	17,457

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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INVESTORS REAL ESTATE TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

for the six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016

NOTE 1 • ORGANIZATION

Investors Real Estate Trust, collectively with our consolidated subsidiaries (“IRET,” “we,” “us,” or “our”), is a multifamily real estate investment trust (“REIT”) focused on the ownership, management, acquisition, redevelopment, and development of multifamily communities. As of October 31, 2017, we owned interests in 89 multifamily properties consisting of 13,576 apartment homes and 40 commercial properties, including 28 healthcare and 12 other commercial properties, with a total of 2.5 million square feet of leasable space.

NOTE 2 • BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

We conduct a majority of our business activities through our consolidated operating partnership, IRET Properties, a North Dakota Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), as well as through a number of other consolidated subsidiary entities. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of all our subsidiaries in which we maintain a controlling interest, including the Operating Partnership. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Our fiscal year ends April 30th.

The condensed consolidated financial statements also reflect the ownership by the Operating Partnership of certain joint venture entities in which the Operating Partnership has a general partner or controlling interest. These entities are consolidated into our other operations, with noncontrolling interests reflecting the noncontrolling partners’ share of ownership and income and expenses.

UNAUDITED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Our interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, certain disclosures accompanying annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP are omitted. The year-end balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods have been included.

The current period’s results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results which ultimately may be achieved for the year. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017, as filed with the SEC on June 28, 2017.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

The following table provides a brief description of recent accounting standards updates (“ASUs”) that could have a material effect on our financial statements:

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Standard	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers	This ASU will eliminate the transaction- and industry-specific revenue recognition guidance under current GAAP and replace it with a principle based approach for determining revenue recognition. The standard outlines a five-step model whereby revenue is recognized as performance obligations within a contract are satisfied. The majority of our revenue is derived from rental income, which is scoped out from this standard and will be accounted for under ASC 840, Leases. Our other revenue streams, which are being evaluated under this ASU, include but are not limited to other income from residents determined not to be within the scope of ASC 840 and gains and losses from real estate dispositions.	This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, as a result of a deferral of the effective date arising from the issuance of ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Deferral of the Effective Date. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt the new standard effective May 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach.	We are continuing to assess the impact of the new standard on our consolidated financial statements and internal accounting processes; as the majority of our revenue is derived from rental income, we do not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-02, Leases	This ASU amends existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including by requiring lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet and making certain changes to lessor accounting.	This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018; however, early adoption is permitted.	We are currently evaluating the impact the new standard may have on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting	This ASU amends several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, accrual of compensation cost, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows.	This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We adopted this guidance effective May 1, 2017.	Upon adoption of the standard, we elected to account for forfeitures when they occur instead of estimating the forfeitures. The new standard did not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or earnings per share.
ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments	This ASU addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing diversity in practice. The cash flow issues include debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs and proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims.	This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted.	We are currently evaluating the impact the new standard may have on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business	This ASU clarifies the definition of a business and provides further guidance for evaluating whether a transaction will be accounted for as an acquisition of an asset or a business. This new standard is required to be applied prospectively to transactions occurring after the date of adoption.	This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. We early adopted this standard effective May 1, 2017.	We believe that most of our future acquisitions of operating properties will qualify as asset acquisitions and most future transaction costs associated with these acquisitions will be capitalized. Adoption of the standard did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations. During the six months ended October 31, 2017, acquisition costs totaling approximately $245,000 from our acquisitions of Oxbo and Park Place were capitalized and allocated to the assets acquired based on the relative fair market value of those underlying assets.

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Standard

Description

Date of Adoption

Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters

ASU 2017-05, Other Income – Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets

This ASU clarifies the definition of an in-substances nonfinancial asset and changes the accounting for partial sales of nonfinancial assets to be more consistent with the accounting for a sale of a business pursuant to ASU 2017-01. This ASU allows for either a retrospective or modified retrospective approach.

This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted.

This standard allows for either a retrospective or modified retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the impact this standard may have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures upon adoption.

ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging

This ASU clarifies hedge accounting requirements, improves disclosure of hedging arrangements, and better aligns risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships.

This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted.

This standard should be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the impact this standard may have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures upon adoption.

IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS

We periodically evaluate our long-lived assets, including investments in real estate, for impairment indicators. The impairment evaluation is performed on assets by property such that assets for a property form an asset group. The judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on factors such as operational performance, market conditions, expected holding period of each asset group, and legal and environmental concerns. If indicators exist, we compare the expected future undiscounted cash flows for the long-lived asset group against the carrying amount of that asset group. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset group, an impairment loss is recorded for the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying amount of the asset group. If our anticipated holding period for properties, the estimated fair value of properties or other factors change based on market conditions or otherwise, our evaluation of impairment charges may be different and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is subjective and is based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results. Plans to hold properties over longer periods decrease the likelihood of recording impairment losses.

During the six months ended October 31, 2017, we recognized impairment of approximately $256,000 on a parcel of land in Bismarck, ND. This property was written down to estimated fair value during the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 based on receipt of a market offer to purchase and our intent to dispose of the property. We disposed of the property during the second quarter of fiscal year 2018.

During the six months ended October 31, 2016, we recognized impairments of $40.9 million, $5.8 million, $4.7 million, and $2.8 million, respectively, on three multifamily properties and one parcel of unimproved land in Williston, ND, due to deterioration of the market. These properties were written down to estimated fair value based on an independent appraisal in the case of one property and management cash flow estimates and market data in the case of the remaining assets. The properties impaired for $40.9 million, $4.7 million, and $2.8 million are owned by joint venture entities in which, at the time of impairment, we had an approximately 71.5%, 60% and 70% interest, respectively, but which are consolidated in our financial statements.

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USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

CHANGE IN DEPRECIABLE LIVES OF REAL ESTATE ASSETS

We review the estimated useful lives of our real estate assets on an ongoing basis. Prior to our strategic shift to become a multifamily-focused REIT, which began in fiscal year 2016, we operated in five segments (office, retail, industrial, healthcare and multifamily). Accordingly, our estimated useful lives represented a blend of these segments. During fiscal years 2016 and 2017, we disposed of the bulk of our office, retail, and industrial portfolios as well as a portion of our healthcare portfolio. In the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, we determined it was appropriate to review and adjust our estimated useful lives to be specific to our remaining portfolio of assets.

Effective May 1, 2017, we changed the estimated useful lives of our real estate assets to better reflect the estimated periods during which these assets will be of economic benefit. Generally, the estimated lives of buildings and improvements that previously were 20-40 years have been decreased to 10-30 years, while those that were previously nine years were changed to 5-10 years. The effect of this change in estimate in the six months ended October 31, 2017, was to increase depreciation expense by approximately $20.3 million, decrease net income by $20.3 million, and decrease earnings per share by $0.15. Of the total increase in expense, $9.0 million, or $0.07 per share, represented depreciation on assets that were fully depreciated under the new estimated useful lives in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018.

RECLASSIFICATIONS

Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current financial statement presentation. On the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, we reclassified other expenses into general and administrative expenses. On the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, we reclassified real estate deposits and tax, insurance, and other escrow into restricted cash. We also reclassified receivables arising from straight-lining of rents, accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets, notes receivable, intangible assets, property and equipment, goodwill, and deferred charges and leasing costs into other assets. Additionally, we reclassified other long-term liabilities previously included within construction debt and other to accounts payable and accrued expenses.

MORTGAGE LOANS RECEIVABLE AND NOTES RECEIVABLE

In August 2017, we sold 13 multifamily properties in exchange for cash and a note secured by a mortgage on the assets. The sale was recorded using the installment method, under which cash receipts are apportioned between cost recovered and the gain on sale. The $11.0 million note is presented net of approximately $626,000 of deferred gain in mortgage loans receivable on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The note bears an interest rate of 5.5% and matures in August 2020. Monthly payments are interest-only, with the principal balance payable at maturity. During the three months ended October 31, 2017, we received and recognized approximately $119,000 of interest income.

In July 2017, we originated a $16.2 million loan in a multifamily development located in New Hope, MN, a suburb of Minneapolis. The investment will be funded in installments through the third quarter of fiscal year 2018. As of October 31, 2017, we had funded $6.1 million which appears in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The note bears an interest rate of 6%, matures in July 2023, and provides us with an option to purchase the development prior to the loan maturity date.

VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITY

We have determined that our Operating Partnership and each of our less-than-wholly owned real estate partnerships are variable interest entities (“VIEs”), as the limited partners lack substantive kick-out rights and substantive participating rights. We are the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, and the partnerships are required to be consolidated on our balance sheet because we have a controlling financial interest in the VIEs and have both the power to direct the activities of the

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VIEs that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance as well as the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIEs that could potentially be significant to the VIEs. Because our Operating Partnership is a VIE, all of our assets and liabilities are held through a VIE.

NOTE 3 • EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of our common shares of beneficial interest (“Common Shares”) outstanding during the period. We have issued restricted stock units (“RSUs”) under our 2015 Incentive Plan, which could have a dilutive effect on our earnings per share upon exercise of the RSUs. Other than the issuance of RSUs, we have no outstanding options, warrants, convertible stock or other contractual obligations requiring issuance of additional shares that would result in dilution of earnings. Under the terms of the Operating Partnership’s Agremeent of Limited Partnership, limited partners have the right to require the Operating Partnership to redeem their limited partnership units (“Units”) for cash any time following the first anniversary of the date they acquired such Units (“Exchange Right”). Upon the exercise of Exchange Rights, and in our sole discretion, we may issue Common Shares in exchange for Units on a one-for-one basis after a minimum holding period of one year. The following table presents a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016:


	(in thousands, except per share data)
	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	October 31,				October 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
NUMERATOR
Income (loss) from continuing operations – controlling interests	$	1,446	$	2,426	$	(10,317)	$	(22,488)
Income from discontinued operations – controlling interests		11,375		9,174		11,874		12,445
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interests		12,821		11,600		1,557		(10,043)
Dividends to preferred shareholders		(2,812)		(2,878)		(5,098)		(5,757)
Redemption of preferred shares		(3,649)		—		(3,649)		—
Numerator for basic earnings per share – net income available to common shareholders		6,360		8,722		(7,190)		(15,800)
Noncontrolling interests – Operating Partnership		773		1,174		(871)		(2,122)
Numerator for diluted earnings per share	$	7,133	$	9,896	$	(8,061)	$	(17,922)
DENOMINATOR
Denominator for basic earnings per share weighted average shares		120,144		121,154		120,282		121,135
Effect of redeemable operating partnership units		14,623		16,264		14,912		16,276
Denominator for diluted earnings per share		134,767		137,418		135,194		137,411
Loss per common share from continuing operations – basic and diluted	$	(0.05)	$	—	$	(0.16)	$	(0.23)
Earnings per common share from discontinued operations – basic and diluted		0.10		0.07		0.10		0.10
NET EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE – BASIC & DILUTED	$	0.05	$	0.07	$	(0.06)	$	(0.13)

NOTE 4 • EQUITY

Equity Awards. There were no shares issued under our 2015 Incentive Award Plan during the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 and approximately 75,000 restricted Common Shares, with a total grant-date value of approximately $445,000, issued during the first quarter of fiscal year 2018. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, we issued approximately 120,792 restricted Common Shares, with a total grant-date value of $502,000, under our 2015 Incentive Award Plan, and we issued approximately 378,000 restricted Common Shares, with a total grant-date value of $1.4 million,during the first quarter of fiscal year 2017. These shares are issued for executive officer and trustee share-based compensation for future performance under our 2015 Incentive Award Plan.

Exchange Rights. Pursuant to the exercise of Exchange Rights, during the three months ended October 31, 2017, we redeemed approximately 39,622 Units for an aggregate cost of $246,524, at an average price per Unit of $6.22. There

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were no Units redeemed during the three months ended October 31, 2016. During the six months ended October 31, 2017, we redeemed approximately 999,529 Units for an aggregate cost of $6.0 million, at an average price per Unit of $5.98. There were no Units redeemed during the six months ended October 31, 2016.

Share Repurchase Program. On December 7, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $50 million of our Common Shares over a one-year period. On December 5, 2017, our Board of Trustees reauthorized this share repurchase program for an additional one-year period. Under this program, we may repurchase the shares in open-market purchases including pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans, as determined by management and in accordance with the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The extent to which we repurchase our shares, and the timing of such repurchases, will depend upon a variety of factors, including market conditions, regulatory requirements and other corporate considerations, as determined by the executive management team. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, we repurchased and retired approximately 398,000 common shares for an aggregate cost of $2.3 million, including commissions, at an average price per share of $5.82. As of October 31, 2017, $39.2 million remained available under the $50 million authorized share repurchase program.

Issuance of Series C Preferred Shares and Redemption of Series B Preferred Shares. In the quarter ended October 31, 2017, we issued 4,118,460 shares of our 6.625% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares and redeemed all 4,600,000 shares of our 7.95% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares.

NOTE 5 • SEGMENT REPORTING

We report our results in two reportable segments, which are aggregations of similar properties: multifamily and healthcare. We measure the performance of our segments based on net operating income (“NOI”), which we define as total real estate revenues less real estate expenses (which consist of utilities, maintenance, real estate taxes, insurance, property management expenses and other property expenses). We believe that NOI is an important supplemental measure of operating performance for a REIT’s operating real estate because it provides a measure of core operations that is unaffected by depreciation, amortization, financing, and general and administrative expense. NOI does not represent cash generated by operating activities in accordance with US GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to net income, net income available for common shareholders, or cash flow from operating activities as a measure of financial performance.

The revenues and NOI for these reportable segments are summarized as follows for the three- and six-month periods ended October 31, 2017 and 2016, along with reconciliations to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Segment assets are also reconciled to total assets as reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements.


	(in thousands)
Three Months Ended October 31, 2017	Multifamily		Healthcare		All Other		Amounts Not Allocated To Segments(1)		Total
Real estate revenue	$	39,734	$	11,449	$	2,738	$	—	$	53,921
Real estate expenses		18,888		4,373		698		1,338		25,297
Net operating income (loss)	$	20,846	$	7,076	$	2,040	$	(1,338)	$	28,624
Depreciation and amortization										(20,694)
General and administrative expenses										(3,118)
Interest expense										(9,666)
Loss on debt extinguishment										(334)
Interest and other income										256
Loss before gain on sale of real estate and other investments and income from discontinued operations										(4,932)
Gain on sale of real estate and other investments										5,324
Income from continuing operations										392
Income from discontinued operations										12,747
Net income									$	13,139

(1)

Consists of offsite costs for property management and casualty-related amounts, which are excluded in our assessment of segment performance.

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	(in thousands)
Three Months Ended October 31, 2016	Multifamily		Healthcare		All Other		Amounts Not Allocated To Segments(1)			Total
Real estate revenue	$	36,187	$	11,661	$	2,761	$	—	$	50,609
Real estate expenses		15,566		4,151		730		1,126		21,573
Net operating income (loss)	$	20,621	$	7,510	$	2,031	$	(1,126)		29,036
Depreciation and amortization										(13,531)
General and administrative expenses										(3,522)
Interest expense										(10,626)
Interest and other income										93
Gain before loss on sale of real estate and other investments and income from discontinued operations										1,450
Loss on sale of real estate and other investments										(103)
Income from continuing operations										1,347
Income from discontinued operations										10,943
Net income									$	12,290


	(in thousands)
Six Months Ended October 31, 2017	Multifamily		Healthcare		All Other		Amounts Not Allocated To Segments(1)		Total
Real estate revenue	$	78,164	$	22,827	$	5,665		—	$	106,656
Real estate expenses		36,353		8,658		1,491		3,045		49,547
Net operating income (loss)	$	41,811	$	14,169	$	4,174		(3,045)		57,109
Depreciation and amortization										(49,621)
Impairment of real estate investments										(256)
General and administrative expenses										(7,120)
Interest expense										(18,961)
Loss on debt extinguishment										(533)
Interest and other income										487
Loss before gain on sale of real estate and other investments and income from discontinued operations										(18,895)
Gain on sale of real estate and other investments										5,448
Loss from continuing operations										(13,447)
Income from discontinued operations										13,307
Net loss									$	(140)

(1)

Consists of offsite costs for property management and casualty-related amounts, which are excluded in our assessment of segment performance.

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	(in thousands)
Six Months Ended October 31, 2016	Multifamily		Healthcare		All Other		Amounts Not Allocated To Segments(1)			Total
Real estate revenue	$	71,229	$	23,202	$	5,789	$	—	$	100,220
Real estate expenses		30,445		8,343		1,456		2,963		43,207
Net operating income (loss)	$	40,784	$	14,859	$	4,333	$	(2,963)		57,013
Depreciation and amortization										(27,798)
Impairment of real estate investments										(54,153)
General and administrative expenses										(7,023)
Interest expense										(20,990)
Interest and other income										281
Loss before gain on sale of real estate and other investments										(52,670)
Gain on sale of real estate and other investments										8,855
Loss from continuing operations										(43,815)
Income from discontinued operations										15,511
Net loss									$	(28,304)

(1)

Consists of offsite costs for property management and casualty-related amounts, which are excluded in our assessment of segment performance.

Segment Assets and Accumulated Depreciation

Segment assets are summarized as follows as of October 31, 2017, and April 30, 2017, along with reconciliations to the condensed consolidated financial statements:


	(in thousands)
As of October 31, 2017	Multifamily		Healthcare		All Other		Total
Segment assets
Property owned	$	1,409,598	$	321,863	$	99,720	$	1,831,181
Less accumulated depreciation		(269,976)		(91,948)		(22,478)		(384,402)
Total property owned	$	1,139,622	$	229,915	$	77,242	$	1,446,779
Cash and cash equivalents								42,464
Mortgage loans receivable								10,329
Receivables and other assets								36,239
Unimproved land								15,216
Total Assets							$	1,551,027


	(in thousands)
As of April 30, 2017	Multifamily		Healthcare		All Other		Total
Segment assets
Property owned	$	1,251,716	$	323,148	$	102,617	$	1,677,481
Less accumulated depreciation		(232,183)		(86,139)		(22,095)		(340,417)
Total property owned	$	1,019,533	$	237,009	$	80,522	$	1,337,064
Assets held for sale and assets from discontinued operations								37,708
Cash and cash equivalents								28,819
Receivables and other assets								52,468
Unimproved land								18,455
Total Assets							$	1,474,514

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NOTE 6 • COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation. We are not a party to any legal proceedings which are expected to have a material effect on our liquidity, financial position, cash flows or results of operations. We are subject to a variety of legal actions for personal injury or property damage arising in the ordinary course of our business, most of which are covered by liability insurance. Various claims of resident discrimination are also periodically brought, most of which are covered by insurance. While resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that the final outcome of these claims and legal proceedings will not have a material effect on our liquidity, financial position, cash flows or results of operations.

Environmental Matters. Under various federal, state, and local laws, ordinances, and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be liable for the costs of removal of, or remediation of, certain hazardous or toxic substances in, on, around, or under the property. While we currently have no knowledge of any material violation of environmental laws, ordinances or regulations at any of our properties, there can be no assurance that areas of contamination will not be identified at any of our properties, or that changes in environmental laws, regulations or cleanup requirements would not result in material costs to us.

Restrictions on Taxable Dispositions. Approximately 28 of our properties, consisting of approximately 472,000 square feet of our combined commercial properties and 3,438 apartment units, are subject to restrictions on our ability to resell in taxable transactions. These restrictions are contained in agreements we entered into with some of the sellers or contributors of the properties, and are effective for varying periods. The real estate investment amount of these properties (net of accumulated depreciation) was $323.7 million at October 31, 2017. If we are unable to structure sales of such properties as tax deferred transactions under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code, we may be required to provide tax indemnification payments to the parties to these agreements. We do not believe that these restrictions materially affect the conduct of our business or decisions whether to dispose of these properties during the restriction periods.

Notes Receivable. In July 2017, we originated a $16.2 million loan in a multifamily development located in New Hope, MN, a suburb of Minneapolis. The investment will be funded in installments through the third quarter of fiscal year 2018. As of October 31, 2017, $10.1 million remained to be funded. See Note 2 for additional information.

NOTE 7 • DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

We report in discontinued operations the results of operations and the related gains or losses on the sales of properties that have either been disposed of or classified as held for sale and meet the classification of a discontinued operation as described in ASC 205 - Presentation of Financial Statements and ASC 360 - Property, Plant, and Equipment: Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity. Under this standard, a disposal (or classification as held for sale) of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results.

We classified no new dispositions or properties held for sale as discontinued operations during the six months ended October 31, 2017, or during fiscal year 2017. During fiscal year 2016, we determined that our strategic decision to exit senior housing met the criteria for discontinued operations, and we consequently classified 34 senior housing properties as held for sale and discontinued operations at April 30, 2016. Thirty-two of those senior housing properties were sold during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017, and the remaining two senior housing properties were sold during the three months ended October 31, 2017.

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The following information shows the effect on net income and the gains or losses from the sales of properties classified as discontinued operations for the three and six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016:


	(in thousands)
	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	October 31,				October 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
REVENUE
Real estate rentals	$	683	$	4,992	$	1,473	$	10,002
Tenant reimbursement		—		112		—		226
TRS senior housing revenue		—		916		—		1,789
TOTAL REVENUE		683		6,020		1,473		12,017
EXPENSES
Real estate taxes		—		(112)		—		—
Depreciation and amortization		—		—		—		16
TRS senior housing expenses		—		769		—		1,553
Other expenses		15		—		15		—
TOTAL EXPENSES		15		657		15		1,569
Operating income		668		5,363		1,458		10,448
Interest expense		(279)		(1,395)		(1,100)		(2,769)
Gain/loss on extinguishment of debt		(6)		(72)		(6)		(72)
Interest income		117		—		661		—
Other income		9		0		56		0
Income from discontinued operations before gain on sale		509		3,896		1,069		7,607
Gain on sale of discontinued operations		12,238		6,503		12,238		6,503
INCOME FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS	$	12,747	$	10,399	$	13,307	$	14,110

The following information reconciles the carrying amounts of major classes of assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations to assets and liabilities held for sale that are presented separately on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:


	(in thousands)
	October 31, 2017		April 30, 2017
Carrying amounts of major classes of assets included as part of discontinued operations
Property owned and intangible assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization	$	—	$	21,332
Receivable arising from straight-lining of rents		—		2,283
Goodwill		—		14
Total major classes of assets of the discontinued operations		—		23,629
Other assets included in the disposal group classified as held for sale		—		14,079
Total assets of the disposal group classified as held for sale on the balance sheet	$	—	$	37,708

Carrying amounts of major classes of liabilities included as part of discontinued operations
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	—	$	52
Mortgages payable		—		16,226
Other		—		7,900
Total major classes of liabilities of the discontinued operations		—		24,178
Other liabilities included in the disposal group classified as held for sale		—		5,884
Total liabilities of the disposal group classified as held for sale on the balance sheet	$	—	$	30,062

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NOTE 8 • ACQUISITIONS, DEVELOPMENTS PLACED IN SERVICE, AND DISPOSITIONS

PROPERTY ACQUISITIONS

We added $153.8 million of new real estate property to our portfolio through property acquisitions during the six months ended October 31, 2017, compared to $0 in the six months ended October 31, 2016. Our acquisitions during the six months ended October 31, 2017 are detailed below.

Six Months Ended October 31, 2017


		(in thousands)
		Total		Form of Consideration			Investment Allocation
	Date	Acquisition									Intangible
Acquisitions	Acquired	Cost			Cash		Land		Building		Assets

Multifamily
191 unit - Oxbo - St. Paul, MN(1)	May 26, 2017	$	61,500		$	61,500	$	5,809	$	54,910	$	781
500 unit - Park Place - Plymouth, MN	September 13, 2017		92,250			92,250		10,609		80,711		930

Total Property Acquisitions		$	153,750		$	153,750	$	16,418	$	135,621	$	1,711

(1)

Property includes 11,477 sq ft of retail space.

DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS PLACED IN SERVICE

The Operating Partnership placed $0 and $72.3 million of development projects in service during the six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, as detailed below.

Six Months Ended October 31, 2016


		(in thousands)
	Date Placed					Development
Development Projects Placed in Service	in Service	Land		Building		Cost

Multifamily
241 unit - 71 France - Edina, MN(1)	May 1, 2016	$	4,721	$	67,555	$	72,276

Total Development Projects Placed in Service		$	4,721	$	67,555	$	72,276

(1)

Costs paid in fiscal years 2015 and 2016 totaled $70.9 million. Additional costs incurred in fiscal year 2017 totaled $1.4 million, for a total project cost at October 31, 2016 of $72.3 million. The project is owned by a joint venture entity in which we currently have an approximately 52.6% interest. The joint venture is consolidated in our financial statements.

PROPERTY DISPOSITIONS

During the three months ended October 31, 2017, we sold 13 multifamily properties, three healthcare properties, one industrial property, and one parcel of unimproved land, for a total sales price of $63.4 million. During the three months ended October 31, 2016, we sold eight healthcare properties along with the adjacent unimproved land, for a total sales price of $43.9 million. The following table details our dispositions for the six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016:

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Six Months Ended October 31, 2017


		(in thousands)
	Date			Book Value
Dispositions	Disposed	Sales Price		and Sales Cost		Gain/(Loss)

Multifamily
327 unit - 13 Multifamily properties - Minot, ND(1)	August 22, 2017	$	12,263	$	11,562	$	701	(2)

Healthcare
17,640 sq ft 1440 Duckwood Medical - Eagan, MN	August 24, 2017		2,100		1,886		214
279,834 sq ft Edgewood Vista Hermantown I & II - Hermantown, MN	October 19, 2017		36,884		24,646		12,238
			38,984		26,532		12,452

Other
4,998 sq ft Minot Southgate Wells Fargo Bank - Minot, ND	May 15, 2017		3,440		3,332		108
90,260 sq ft Lexington Commerce Center - Eagan, MN	August 22, 2017		9,000		3,963		5,037
			12,440		7,295		5,145

Unimproved Land
Bismarck 4916 Unimproved Land - Bismarck, ND	August 8, 2017		3,175		3,188		(13)

Total Property Dispositions		$	66,862	$	48,577	$	18,285

(1)

These properties include: 4th Street 4 Plex, 11th Street 3 Plex, Apartments on Main, Brooklyn Heights, Colton Heights, Fairmont, First Avenue (Apartments and Office), Pines, Southview, Summit Park, Temple (includes 17 South Main Retail), Terrace Heights and Westridge.

(2)

Approximately $626,000 of the gain on sale was deferred. See Note 2 for additional information on the related mortgage note receivable.

Six Months Ended October 31, 2016


			(in thousands)
	Date			Book Value
Dispositions	Disposed	Sales Price		and Sales Cost		Gain/(Loss)
Healthcare
189,244 sq ft 8 Idaho Spring Creek Senior Housing Properties(1)	October 31, 2016	$	43,900	$	37,397	$	6,503

Other
195,075 sq ft Stone Container - Fargo, ND	July 25, 2016		13,400		4,418		8,982

Unimproved Land
Georgetown Square Unimproved Land - Grand Chute, WI	May 6, 2016		250		274		(24)

Total Property Dispositions		$	57,550	$	42,089	$	15,461

(1)

These properties include: Spring Creek American Falls, Spring Creek Boise, Spring Creek Eagle, Spring Creek Fruitland, Spring Creek Fruitland Unimproved, Spring Creek Meridian, Spring Creek Overland, Spring Creek Soda Springs and Spring Creek Ustick.

NOTE 9 • DEBT

Most of the properties we own serve as collateral for separate mortgage loans on single properties or groups of properties. The majority of these mortgages payable are non-recourse to us, other than for standard carve-out obligations such as fraud, waste, failure to insure, environmental conditions and failure to pay real estate taxes. Interest rates on mortgages payable range from 3.47% to 6.66%, and the mortgages have varying maturity dates from the current fiscal year through July 1, 2036. As of October 31, 2017, we believe there are no material defaults or material compliance issues in regard to any mortgages payable.

Of the mortgages payable, including mortgages on properties held for sale, the balances of fixed rate mortgages totaled $593.9 million at October 31, 2017, and $629.5 million at April 30, 2017. The balances of variable rate mortgages totalled $65.1 million at October 31, 2017 and $57.7 million at April 30, 2017. Most of the fixed rate mortgages have substantial pre-payment penalties. As of October 31, 2017, the weighted average rate of interest on our mortgage debt was 4.67%, compared to 4.71% on April 30, 2017.

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The aggregate amount of required future principal payments on mortgages payable as of October 31, 2017, is as follows:


		(in thousands)
		Mortgage Loans
		on Properties
		Held for
Year Ended April 30,		Investment
2018	$	21,398
2019		100,313
2020		92,258
2021		128,352
2022		86,812
Thereafter		229,832
Total payments	$	658,965

In addition to the individual mortgage loans comprising our $659.0 million of mortgage indebtedness, we also had a revolving, multi-bank line of credit with the Bank of Montreal as administrative agent, which had, as of October 31, 2017, lending commitments of $300.0 million (the “BMO Line of Credit”). This line of credit is not included in our mortgage indebtedness total. As of October 31, 2017, the line had a credit limit of $300.0 million, of which $247.5 million was drawn on the line. As of October 31, 2017, we believe that we and our Operating Partnership were in compliance with the covenants contained in the BMO Line of Credit.

Construction debt was $21.6 million and $41.7 million at October 31, 2017 and April 30, 2017, respectively. As of October 31, 2017, the weighted average rate of interest on our construction debt was 3.58%, compared to 3.27% as of April 30, 2017. Construction debt at October 31, 2017, consisted of one loan related to our recently completed Monticello, MN property, with required interest-only payments and a maturity date of May 4, 2018.

NOTE 10 • FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposit, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities and security deposits are carried at amounts that reasonably approximate their fair value due to their short-term nature. For variable rate loans that re-price frequently, fair values are based on carrying values. In addition, the carrying amount of our BMO Line of Credit approximates fair value because the variable rate debt re-prices frequently. The fair values of our financial instruments approximate their carrying amount in the consolidated financial statements except for debt.

In determining the fair value of other financial instruments, we apply Financial Accounting Standard Board ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures, or ASC 820. ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (Levels 1 and 2) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (Level 3). Fair value estimates may be different than the amounts that may ultimately be realized upon sale or disposition of the assets and liabilities.

Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis

We had no assets or liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis at October 31, 2017 and April 30, 2017.

Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis

There were no non-financial assets mearsured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at October 31, 2017. Non-financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at April 30, 2017, consisted of real estate held for sale and real estate investments that were written-down to estimated fair value during fiscal year 2018 and 2017. See Note 2 for

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additional information on impairment losses recognized during fiscal years 2018 and 2017. The aggregate fair value of these assets by their levels in the fair value hierarchy is as follows:


	(in thousands)
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
April 30, 2017
Real estate investments	$	506	$	—	$	—	$	506
Real estate held for sale(1)	$	10,891	$	—	$	—	$	10,891

(1)

Represents only the portion of real estate held for sale that was written-down to estimated fair value.

As of April 30, 2017, we estimated the fair value of our real estate investments using market comparisons and a broker opinion of value, and we estimated the fair value of our real estate held for sale using an income approach (including management estimates and cash flow calculations), projected net operating income, and an estimated capitalization rate. The significant unobservable quantitative input used in determining the fair value was a capitalization rate of 7.0% based on the location, type and nature of the real estate held for sale, and current and anticipated market conditions.

Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value

The fair value of fixed rate loans is estimated based on the discounted cash flows of the loans using relevant treasury interest rates plus credit spreads (Level 2). For mortgages payable, the fair value of fixed rate loans is estimated based on the discounted cash flows of the loans using market research and management estimates of comparable interest rates (Level 3).

The estimated fair values of our financial instruments as of October 31, 2017, and April 30, 2017, are as follows:


	(in thousands)
	October 31, 2017				April 30, 2017
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
FINANCIAL ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	42,464	$	42,464	$	28,819	$	28,819
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
Other debt, including other debt related to assets held for sale		21,561		21,561		49,637		49,637
Lines of credit		247,500		247,500		57,050		57,050
Mortgages payable		658,965		667,646		665,440		680,941
Mortgages payable related to assets held for sale		—		—		21,803		21,861

NOTE 11 • REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

Redeemable noncontrolling interests on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets represent the noncontrolling interest in joint ventures in which our unaffiliated partner, at its election, could require us to buy its interest at a purchase price to be determined by an appraisal conducted in accordance with the terms of the agreement, or at a negotiated price. Below is a table reflecting the activity of the redeemable noncontrolling interests.


	(in thousands)
Balance at April 30, 2017	$	7,181
Net income		(369)
Balance at October 31, 2017	$	6,812

NOTE 12 • SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Share-based awards are provided to officers, non-officer employees and trustees under our 2015 Incentive Plan approved by shareholders on September 15, 2015, which allows for awards in the form of cash, unrestricted and restricted common shares, and RSUs up to an aggregate of 4,250,000 shares, over the ten-year period in which the plan will be in effect. Under the 2015 Incentive Plan, our officers and non-officer employees may earn share awards under a revised long-term incentive plan, which is a forward-looking program that measures long-term performance over the stated performance period. Such awards are payable to the extent deemed earned in shares. The terms of the long-term incentive awards granted under the revised program may vary from year to year.

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Fiscal Year 2018 Executive LTIP Awards

Awards granted on May 1, 2017, consist of 16,447 time-based restricted shares that vest as to one-third of the shares on each of May 1, 2018, May 1, 2019, and May 1, 2020. We recognize compensation expense associated with the time-based restricted share awards ratably over the requisite service periods.

Awards granted on June 21, 2017, consist of time-based RSU awards, performance RSU awards based on leverage ratio, and performance RSU awards based on total shareholder return (“TSR”), each for 57,693 shares. All of these awards are classified as equity awards. The time-based RSUs vest as to one-third of the shares on each of June 21, 2018, May 1, 2019, and May 1, 2020. The maximum number of leverage ratio RSUs eligible to be earned is 115,386 RSUs.

The TSR performance RSU awards are earned based on our TSR as compared to the MSCI US REIT Index over a forward looking three-year period. The maximum number of RSUs eligible to be earned is 115,386 RSUs. Earned awards (if any) will fully vest as of the last day of the measurement period. These awards have market conditions in addition to service conditions that must be met for the awards to vest. We recognize compensation expense ratably based on the grant date fair value, as determined using the Monte Carlo valuation model, regardless whether the market conditions are achieved and the awards ultimately vest. Therefore, previously recorded compensation expense is not adjusted in the event that the market conditions are not achieved. We based the expected volatility on the historical volatility of our daily closing share price, the risk-free interest rate on the interest rates on U.S. treasury bonds with a maturity equal to the remaining performance period of the award, and the expected term on the performance period of the award. The assumptions used to value the performance RSU awards were an expected volatility of 27.3%, a risk-free interest rate of 1.48% and an expected life of 2.86 years. The share price at the grant date, June 21, 2017, was $6.15.

Total Compensation Expense

Share-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated financial statements for all outstanding share-based awards was approximately $751,000 and $865,000 for the six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016.

NOTE 13 • RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Transactions with BMO Capital Markets

We have a historical and ongoing relationship with BMO Capital Markets (“BMO”). On July 17, 2017, we engaged BMO to provide financial advisory services in connection with our consideration of the disposition of non-core properties. A family member of Mark O. Decker, Jr., our President and Chief Executive Officer, is an employee of BMO and could have an indirect material interest in any such engagement and related transaction(s). The Board pre-approved this engagement of BMO.

NOTE 14 • SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Completed Acquisition. On November 28, 2017, we purchased a 274-unit multifamily property in Denver, CO for $90.6 million.

Completed Dispositions. On November 22, 2017, we sold an industrial property in Urbandale, IA for $16.7 million. On November 28, 2017, we sold an industrial property in Roseville, MN for $18.7 million. On December 1, 2017, we sold two multifamily properties with a total of 64 units in Rochester, MN for $6.7 million.

Pending Disposition. On November 30, 2017, we entered into a purchase and sales agreement to sell 28 medical office buildings and one office property for a total purchase price of $417.5 million. This sale is currently pending and is expected to close in the third quarter of our fiscal year. It was not classified as held for sale at October 31, 2017.

Financing Activity. On November 28, 2017, we amended our BMO Line of Credit to provide for a new term loan of up to $70 million and to permit us to execute one or more hedge instruments to hedge the risk of an increase in interest rates.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report, our audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017, which are included in our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on June 28, 2017 and the risk factors in Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” of our Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2017.

We consider this and other sections of this Report to contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), with respect to our expectations for future periods. Forward-looking statements do not discuss historical fact, but instead include statements related to expectations, projections, intentions or other items related to the future. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and variations of those words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the results of operations, financial conditions or plans expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Although we believe the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, we can give no assurance our expectations will be achieved. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact should be deemed forward-looking statements. As a result, reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements as these statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors beyond our control and could differ materially from our actual results and performance.

The following factors, among others, could cause our future results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements:

economic conditions in the markets where we own properties or markets in which we may invest in the future;

rental conditions in our markets, including occupancy levels and rental rates, our potential inability to renew tenants or obtain new tenants upon expiration of existing leases, changes in tax and housing laws, or other factors;

adverse changes in real estate markets, including the extent of future demand for multifamily units in our significant markets, barriers of entry into new markets, limitations on our ability to increase rental rates, our ability to identify and consummate attractive acquisitions on favorable terms, our ability to consummate any planned dispositions in a timely manner, and our ability to reinvest sales proceeds successfully;

failure of new acquisitions to achieve anticipated results or be efficiently integrated;

inability to complete lease-up of our projects on schedule and on budget;

inability to sell our non-core properties on terms that are acceptable;

lack of redeployment of proceeds from sales of properties, which could necessitate special dividend paments;

the need to fund tenant improvements or other capital expenditures out of cash flow;

financing risks, including our potential inability to obtain debt or equity financing on favorable terms, or at all;

level and volatility of interest or capitalization rates or capital market conditions;

changes in operating costs, including real estate taxes, utilities and insurance costs;

the availability and cost of casualty insurance for losses;

significant decline in the market value of real estate serving as collateral for mortgage obligations;

our ability to continue to satisfy complex rules in order to maintain our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, the ability of the Operating Partnership to satisfy the rules to maintain its status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and the risk of changes in laws affecting REITs;

inability to attract and retain qualified personnel;

cyber liability or potential liability for breaches of our privacy or information security systems;

the effect of compliance with environmental laws and regulations; and

other risks identified in this Report, in other SEC reports, or in other documents that we publicly disseminate.

New factors may also arise from time to time that could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Except as otherwise required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise these forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances or changes in expectations after the date on which this Report is filed. Readers also should review the risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in our filings with the SEC, including

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the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended April 30, 2017.

Executive Summary

We own, manage, acquire, redevelop, and develop multifamily apartment communities. We primarily focus on investing in markets characterized by stable and growing economic conditions, strong employment, and an attractive quality of life that we believe, in combination, lead to higher demand for our apartment homes and retention of our residents. As of October 31, 2017, we owned interests in 89 multifamily properties consisting of 13,576 apartment homes and 40 commercial properties, including 28 healthcare and 12 other commercial properties, with a total of 2.5 million square feet of leasable space.

Overview of the Three Months Ended October 31, 2017

For the three months ended October 31, 2017, we generated revenues of $53.9 million, compared to $50.6 million for the three months ended October 31, 2016. Expenses increased to $49.1 million for the three months ended October 31, 2017, compared to $38.6 million for the three months ended October 31, 2016. The drivers of these changes are discussed in the “Results of Operations” below.

Summarized below are significant transactions that occurred during the second quarter of our fiscal year 2018:

Acquired a 500-unit multifamily property in Plymouth, MN, for a purchase price of $92.3 million.

Disposed of 13 multifamily properties in Minot, ND with 327 units for a sales price of $12.3 million, two healthcare properties in Hermantown, MN totaling 279,834 square feet with sales prices totaling $36.9 million, a 17,640-square foot healthcare property in Eagan, MN for a sales price of $2.1 million, a 90,260-square foot industrial property in Eagan, MN for a sales price of $9.0 million, and a parcel of unimproved land in Bismarck, ND for a sales price of $3.2 million.

Issued approximately $103 million of 6.625% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares and redemption of the outstanding $115 million of 7.95% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares.

Increased our BMO Line of Credit to provide for an additional incremental credit of $50 million.

Subsequent to quarter-end, we engaged in the following transactions:

amended our BMO Line of Credit to provide for a new term loan of up to $70 million and the ability to enter into one or more hedge instruments to hedge the risk of an increase in interest rates;

entered the Denver, CO market by acquiring a 274-unit apartment community called Dylan Apartments for $90.6 million; and

entered into a purchase and sales agreement to sell 28 medical office buildings and one office property for a total purchase price of $417.5 million. Closing of this potential sale is not guaranteed and is subject to, among other items, the satisfactory completion of due diligence and financing by the buyer. See Note 14 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Report for additional information.

Same-Store and Non-Same-Store Properties

Throughout this Report, we have provided certain information on a same-store and non-same-store properties basis. Information provided on a same-store properties basis includes the results of properties that we have owned and operated for the entirety of both periods being compared except for properties for which significant redevelopment or expansion occurred during either of the periods being compared and properties sold or classified as held for sale, and which, in the case of development or re-development properties, have achieved a target level of occupancy of 90% for multifamily properties and 85% for healthcare and other properties.

For comparison of the three and six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016, 35 properties were non-same-store, of which 14 were held for investment and 21 were sold properties. Of the 14 non-same-store properties held for investment, nine were in-service development properties and one was a redevelopment.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended October 31, 2017 and 2016

The discussion that follows is based on our consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016.


	(in thousands, except percentages)
	Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended
	October 31,				2017 vs. 2016				October 31,				2017 vs. 2016
	2017		2016		$ Change		% Change		2017		2016		$ Change		% Change
Real estate rentals	$	48,702	$	45,859	$	2,843	6.2	%	$	96,349	$	90,844	$	5,505	6.1	%
Tenant reimbursement		5,219		4,750		469	9.9	%		10,307		9,376		931	9.9	%
TOTAL REVENUE		53,921		50,609		3,312	6.5	%		106,656		100,220		6,436	6.4	%
Property operating expenses, excluding real estate taxes		18,741		15,814		2,927	18.5	%		36,377		31,871		4,506	14.1	%
Real estate taxes		6,556		5,759		797	13.8	%		13,170		11,336		1,834	16.2	%
Depreciation and amortization		20,694		13,531		7,163	52.9	%		49,621		27,798		21,823	78.5	%
Impairment of real estate investments		—		—		—	n/a	%		256		54,153		(53,897)	(99.5)	%
General and administrative expenses		3,118		3,522		(404)	(11.5)	%		7,120		7,023		97	1.4	%
TOTAL EXPENSES		49,109		38,626		10,483	27.1	%		106,544		132,181		(25,637)	(19.4)	%
Operating income (loss )		4,812		11,983		(7,171)	(59.8)	%		112		(31,961)		32,073	(100.4)	%
Interest expense		(9,666)		(10,626)		960	(9.0)	%		(18,961)		(20,990)		2,029	(9.7)	%
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(334)		—		(334)	n/a			(533)		—		(533)	n/a
Interest income		199		56		143	255.4	%		220		84		136	161.9	%
Other income		57		37		20	54.1	%		267		197		70	35.5	%
(Loss) income before gain (loss) on sale of real estate and other investments and income from discontinued operations		(4,932)		1,450		(6,382)	(440.1)	%		(18,895)		(52,670)		33,775	(64.1)	%
Gain (loss) on sale of real estate and other investments		5,324		(103)		5,427	(5,268.9)	%		5,448		8,855		(3,407)	(38.5)	%
Income (loss) from continuing operations		392		1,347		(955)	(70.9)	%		(13,447)		(43,815)		30,368	(69.3)	%
Income from discontinued operations		12,747		10,943		1,804	16.5	%		13,307		15,511		(2,204)	(14.2)	%
NET INCOME (LOSS)		13,139		12,290		849	6.9	%		(140)		(28,304)		28,164	(99.5)	%
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests – Operating Partnership		(773)		(1,174)		401	(34.2)	%		871		2,122		(1,251)	(59.0)	%
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests – consolidated real estate entities		455		484		(29)	(6.0)	%		826		16,139		(15,313)	(94.9)	%
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interests		12,821		11,600		1,221	10.5	%		1,557		(10,043)		11,600	(115.5)	%
Dividends to preferred shareholders		(2,812)		(2,878)		66	(2.3)	%		(5,098)		(5,757)		659	(11.4)	%
Redemption of Preferred Shares		(3,649)		—		(3,649)	n/a			(3,649)		—		(3,649)	n/a
NET INCOME (LOSS) AVAILABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS	$	6,360	$	8,722		$ (2,362)	(27.1)	%	$	(7,190)	$	(15,800)	$	8,610	(54.5)	%

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Revenues. Revenues for the three months ended October 31, 2017, were $53.9 million compared to $50.6 million in the three months ended October 31, 2016, an increase of $3.3 million or 6.5%. The increase in revenue for the three months ended October 31, 2017, resulted primarily from properties acquired and development projects placed in service in fiscal year 2017 and same-store properties, as shown in the table below.


	(in thousands)
	Increase in Total Revenue Three Months Ended October 31, 2017
Increase in revenue primarily from properties acquired in fiscal year 2018	$	1,585
Increase in revenue primarily from properties acquired and development projects placed in service in fiscal year 2017 or earlier		1,787
Increase in revenue from same-store properties(1)		1,452
Decrease in revenue from properties sold in fiscal years 2018 and 2017		(1,512)
Net increase in total revenue	$	3,312

(1)

See analysis of NOI by segment below for additional information.

Revenues for the six months ended October 31, 2017, were $106.7 million compared to $100.2 million in the six months ended October 31, 2016, an increase of $6.4 million or 6.4%. The increase in revenue for the three months ended October 31, 2017, resulted primarily from properties acquired and development projects placed in service in fiscal year 2017 and same-store properties, as shown in the table below.


	(in thousands)
	Increase in Total Revenue Six Months Ended October 31, 2017
Increase in revenue primarily from development project placed in service in fiscal year 2018	$	1,942
Increase in revenue primarily from properties acquired and development projects placed in service in fiscal year 2017 or earlier		4,236
Increase in revenue from same-store properties(1)		2,869
Decrease in revenue from properties sold in fiscal years 2018 and 2017		(2,611)
Net increase in total revenue	$	6,436

Property operating expenses, excluding real estate taxes. Property operating expenses, excluding real estate taxes, increased by 18.5% to $18.7 million in three months ended October 31, 2017, compared to $15.8 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year. An increase of approximately $821,000 was attributable to non-same-store properties while expenses at same-store properties increased by $2.1 million. The increase at same-store properties was primarily attributable to the previously disclosed change in our capitalization policies and additional costs related to increasing occupancy.

Property operating expenses, excluding real estate taxes, increased by 14.1% to $36.4 million for the six months ended October 31, 2017, compared to $31.9 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year. Of this increase, approximately $1.3 million was attributable to non-same-store properties and $3.2 million was attributable to same-store properties. The increase at same-store properties was primarily attributable to the previously disclosed change in our capitalization policies and additional costs related to increasing occupancy.

Real Estate Taxes. Real estate taxes increased by 13.8% to $6.6 million in the three months ended October 31, 2017, compared to $5.8 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year. An increase of approximately $307,000 was attributable to non-same store properties while same-store properties increased by $490,000, primarily due to stabilizing developments and an increase in levy rates in select markets.

Real estate taxes increased by 16.2% to $13.2 million for the six months ended October 31, 2017, compared to $11.3 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year. An increase of $604,000 was attributable to non-same-store properties, while same-store properties realized an increase of $1.2 million, primarily due to stabilizing developments and an increase in levy rates in select markets.

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Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased by 52.9% to $20.7 million in the three months ended October 31, 2017, compared to $13.5 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year. This increase was primarily due to a change in the estimated useful lives of our assets. See Note 2 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for additional information.

Depreciation and amortization related to real estate investments increased by 78.5% to $49.6 million in the six months ended October 31, 2017, compared to $27.8 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year. This increase was primarily due to a change in the estimated useful lives of our assets. See Note 2 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for additional information.

Impairment of Real Estate Investments. We recognized no impairment in the three months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016. We recognized approximately $256,000 and $54.2 million of impairment during the six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. See Note 2 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for additional information.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased by 11.5% to $3.1 million in the three months ended October 31, 2017, compared to $3.5 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year, primarily due to decreased salary and benefit costs. General and administrative expenses increased by 1.4% to $7.1 million in the six months ended October 31, 2017, compared to $7.0 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year.

Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased by 9.0% to $9.7 million in the three months ended October 31, 2017, compared to $10.6 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year. Interest expense decreased by 9.7% to $19.0 million in the six months ended October 31, 2017, compared to $21.0 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year. The decrease for both periods was due to a reduction in the average balance of our outstanding indebtedness.

Gain (Loss) on Sale of Real Estate and Other Investments. We recorded in continuing operations a net gain of $5.3 million in the three months ended October 31, 2017, compared to a net loss of approximately $(103,000) in the same period of the prior fiscal year. We recorded in continuing operations a net gain of approximately $5.4 million in the six months ended October 31, 2017, compared to $8.9 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year. Properties sold in the three and six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016 are detailed below in the section captioned “Property Acquisitions and Dispositions.”

Income from Discontinued Operations. We recorded income from discontinued operations of $12.7 million and $10.9 million, respectively, in the three months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016, and $13.3 million and $15.5 million in the six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. See Note 7 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for further information on discontinued operations.

Occupancy

Occupancy as of October 31, 2017 compared to October 31, 2016 increased in our multifamily segment and decreased slightly in our healthcare segment on a same-store basis. Occupancy represents the actual number of units or square footage leased divided by the total number of units or square footage at the end of the period.

Occupancy Levels on a Same-Store Property and All Property Basis:


	Same-Store Properties				All Properties
	As of October 31,				As of October 31,
Segments	2017		2016		2017		2016
Multifamily	95.2	%	92.4	%	94.8	%	91.2	%
Healthcare	92.5	%	92.6	%	92.6	%	88.9	%

Net Operating Income

Net Operating Income (“NOI”) is a non-US GAAP measure which we define as total real estate revenues less real estate expenses (which consist of utilities, maintenance, real estate taxes, insurance, property management expenses and other property expenses). We believe that NOI is an important supplemental measure of operating performance for a REIT’s operating real estate because it provides a measure of core operations that is unaffected by depreciation, amortization,

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financing and general and administrative expense. NOI does not represent cash generated by operating activities in accordance with US GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to net income, net income available for common shareholders or cash flow from operating activities as a measure of financial performance.

The following tables show real estate revenues, real estate operating expenses, and NOI by reportable operating segment for the three and six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016. For a reconciliation of NOI of reportable segments to net income as reported, see Note 5 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.

The tables also show NOI by reportable operating segment on a same-store property and non-same-store property basis. This comparison allows us to evaluate the performance of existing properties and their contribution to net income. Management believes that measuring performance on a same-store property basis is useful to investors because it enables evaluation of how our properties are performing year over year. Management uses this measure to assess whether or not it has been successful in increasing NOI, renewing the leases of existing tenants, controlling operating costs and appropriately handling capital improvements. The discussion below focuses on the main factors affecting real estate revenue and real estate expenses from same-store properties. Since changes from one fiscal year to another in real estate revenue and expenses from non-same-store properties are due to the addition of those properties to our real estate portfolio, such information is less useful for evaluating the ongoing operational performance of our real estate portfolio.

All Segments

The following table of selected operating data reconciles NOI to net income and provides the basis for our discussion of NOI by segment in the three and six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016.

All Segments


	(in thousands, except percentages)
	Three Months Ended October 31,								Six Months Ended October 31,
	2017		2016		$ Change		% Change		2017		2016		$ Change		% Change
All Segments

Real estate revenue
Same-store	$	45,121	$	43,669	$	1,452	3.3	%	$	89,795	$	86,926	$	2,869	3.3	%
Non-same-store		8,800		6,940		1,860	26.8	%		16,861		13,294		3,567	26.8	%
Total	$	53,921	$	50,609	$	3,312	6.5	%	$	106,656	$	100,220	$	6,436	6.4	%

Real estate expenses
Same-store	$	21,415	$	18,818	$	2,597	13.8	%	$	42,226	$	37,838	$	4,388	11.6	%
Non-same-store		3,882		2,755		1,127	40.9	%		7,321		5,369		1,952	36.4	%
Total	$	25,297	$	21,573	$	3,724	17.3	%	$	49,547	$	43,207	$	6,340	14.7	%

Net operating income
Same-store	$	23,706	$	24,851	$	(1,145)	(4.6)	%	$	47,569	$	49,088	$	(1,519)	(3.1)	%
Non-same-store		4,918		4,185		733	17.5	%		9,540		7,925		1,615	20.4	%
Total	$	28,624	$	29,036	$	(412)	(1.4)	%	$	57,109	$	57,013	$	96	0.2	%
Depreciation/amortization		(20,694)		(13,531)						(49,621)		(27,798)
Impairment of real estate investments		—		—						(256)		(54,153)
General and administrative expenses		(3,118)		(3,522)						(7,120)		(7,023)
Interest expense		(9,666)		(10,626)						(18,961)		(20,990)
Loss on debt extinguishment		(334)		—						(533)		—
Interest and other income		256		93						487		281
(Loss) income before gain on sale of real estate and other investments and income from discontinued operations		(4,932)		1,450						(18,895)		(52,670)
Gain (loss) on sale of real estate and other investments		5,324		(103)						5,448		8,855
Income (loss) from continuing operations		392		1,347						(13,447)		(43,815)
Income from discontinued operations		12,747		10,943						13,307		15,511
Net income (loss)	$	13,139	$	12,290					$	(140)	$	(28,304)

An analysis of NOI by segment follows.

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Multifamily

Real estate revenue from same-store properties in our multifamily segment increased by 3.8% or $1.2 million in the three months ended October 31, 2017, compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The increase was primarily attributable to a 2.0% increase in average rental rates and a 1.7% increase in occupancy.

Real estate revenue from same-store properties in our multifamily segment increased by 3.8% or $2.4 million in the six months ended October 31, 2017, compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The increase was primarily attributable to a 2.3% increase in average rental rates and a 1.5% increase in occupancy.

Real estate expenses at same-store properties in our multifamily segment increased by 16.0% or $2.1 million in the three months ended October 31, 2017, compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The increase was primarily attributable to the previously disclosed change in our capitalization policies, additional costs related to increasing occupancy, an increase in real estate taxes due to stabilizing developments, and higher levy rates in select markets.

Real estate expenses at same-store properties in our multifamily segment increased by 15.0% or $3.9 million in the six months ended October 31, 2017, compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The increase was primarily attributable to the previously disclosed change in our capitalization policies, additional costs related to increasing occupancy, an increase in real estate taxes due to stabilizing developments, and higher levy rates in select markets.


	(in thousands, except percentages)
	Three Months Ended October 31,										Six Months Ended October 31,
	2017			2016			$ Change		% Change		2017		2016		$ Change		% Change
Multifamily

Real estate revenue
Same-store	$	32,304		$	31,134		$	1,170	3.8	%	$	64,241	$	61,886	$	2,355	3.8	%
Non-same-store		7,430			5,053			2,377	47.0	%		13,923		9,343		4,580	49.0	%
Total	$	39,734		$	36,187		$	3,547	9.8	%	$	78,164	$	71,229	$	6,935	9.7	%

Real estate expenses(1)
Same-store	$	15,576		$	13,429		$	2,147	16.0	%	$	30,303	$	26,360	$	3,943	15.0	%
Non-same-store		3,312			2,137			1,175	55.0	%		6,050		4,085		1,965	48.1	%
Total	$	18,888		$	15,566		$	3,322	21.3	%	$	36,353	$	30,445	$	5,908	19.4	%

Net operating income
Same-store	$	16,728		$	17,705		$	(977)	(5.5)	%	$	33,938	$	35,526	$	(1,588)	(4.5)	%
Non-same-store		4,118			2,916			1,202	41.2	%		7,873		5,258		2,615	49.7	%
Total	$	20,846		$	20,621		$	225	1.1	%	$	41,811	$	40,784	$	1,027	2.5	%

Occupancy		2017			2016
Same-store		95.2	%		92.4	%
Non-same-store		92.4	%		83.6	%
Total		94.8	%		91.2	%

Number of Units		2017			2016
Same-store		11,384			11,386
Non-same-store		2,192			1,716
Total		13,576			13,102

(1)

Excludes offsite costs associated with property management and casualty-related amounts. Property management costs decreased by approximately $24,000 and increased by approximately $85,000, respectively, for the three and six months ended October 31, 2017 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Casualty-related costs increased by approximately $312,000 and $180,000, respectively, for the three and six months ended October 31, 2017 as compared to the same period of the prior year.

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Healthcare

Real estate revenue from same-store properties in our healthcare segment increased by 2.3% or $245,000 in the three months ended October 31, 2017, compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, while real estate expenses increased by 7.9% or $302,000.

Real estate revenue from same-store properties in our healthcare segment increased by 2.1% or $452,000 in the six months ended October 31, 2017, compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, while real estate expenses increased by 6.6% or $503,000.


	(in thousands, except percentages)
	Three Months Ended October 31,										Six Months Ended October 31,
	2017			2016			$ Change		% Change		2017		2016		$ Change		% Change
Healthcare

Real estate revenue
Same-store	$	10,810		$	10,565		$	245	2.3	%	$	21,506	$	21,054	$	452	2.1	%
Non-same-store		639			1,096			(457)	(41.7)	%		1,321		2,148		(827)	(38.5)	%
Total	$	11,449		$	11,661		$	(212)	(1.8)	%	$	22,827	$	23,202	$	(375)	(1.6)	%

Real estate expenses(1)
Same-store	$	4,118		$	3,816		$	302	7.9	%	$	8,168	$	7,665	$	503	6.6	%
Non-same-store		255			335			(80)	(23.9)	%		490		678		(188)	(27.7)	%
Total	$	4,373		$	4,151		$	222	5.3	%	$	8,658	$	8,343	$	315	3.8	%

Net operating income
Same-store	$	6,692		$	6,749		$	(57)	(0.8)	%	$	13,338	$	13,389	$	(51)	(0.4)	%
Non-same-store		384			761			(377)	(49.5)	%		831		1,470		(639)	(43.5)	%
Total	$	7,076		$	7,510		$	(434)	(5.8)	%	$	14,169	$	14,859	$	(690)	(4.6)	%

Occupancy		2017			2016
Same-store		92.5	%		92.6	%
Non-same-store		95.9	%		70.7	%
Total		92.6	%		88.9	%

Rentable Square Footage		2017			2016
Same-store		1,252,368			1,252,368
Non-same-store		57,636			249,340
Total		1,310,004			1,501,708

(1)

Excludes offsite costs associated with property management, which decreased by approximately $67,000 and $160,000, respectively, for the three and six months ended October 31, 2017 as compared to the same period of the prior year.

Analysis of Commercial Credit Risk and Leases

Credit Risk

The following table lists our top ten commercial tenants on October 31, 2017, for all commercial properties owned by us, including healthcare, other commercial properties and those held for sale, measured by percentage of total commercial minimum rents as of October 1, 2017. Our results of operations are dependent on, among other factors, the economic health of our tenants. We attempt to mitigate tenant credit risk by working to secure creditworthy tenants that meet our underwriting criteria and monitoring our portfolio to identify potential problem tenants. We believe that our credit risk is also mitigated by the fact that no individual tenant accounts for more than 2.2% of our total real estate rentals and 11.6% of our total commercial minimum rents.

As of October 31, 2017, 11 of our 40 commercial properties held for investment were leased under triple net leases under which the tenant pays a monthly lump sum base rent as well as all costs associated with the property, including property taxes, insurance, replacement, repair or restoration, in addition to maintenance. The failure by any of our triple net tenants to effectively conduct their operations or to maintain and improve our properties in accordance with the terms of

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their respective triple net leases could adversely affect their business reputations and ability to attract and retain residents and customers to our properties, which could have an indirect adverse effect on us.

We regularly monitor the relative credit risk of our significant tenants, including our triple net tenants. The metrics we use to evaluate a significant tenant’s liquidity and creditworthiness depend on facts and circumstances specific to that tenant and to the industry in which it operates, and include the tenant’s credit history and economic conditions related to the tenant, its operations and the markets in which it operates. These factors may change over time. Prior to signing a lease with a tenant, we generally assesses the prospective tenant’s credit quality through review of its financial statements and tax returns, and the result of that review is a factor in establishing the rent to be charged (e.g., higher risk tenants will be charged higher rent). Over the course of a lease, our property management and asset management personnel have regular contact with tenants and tenant employees, and, where the terms of the lease permit, receive tenant financial information for periodic review or review publicly-available financial statements in the case of public company tenants or non-profit entities, such as hospital systems, whose financial statements are required to be filed with state agencies. Through these means we monitor tenant credit quality.


	% of Total Commercial
	Minimum Rents
Lessee	as of October 2017
Fairview Health Services	11.6	%
St. Luke's Hospital of Duluth, Inc.	9.0	%
PrairieCare Medical LLC	7.9	%
Quality Manufacturing Corp	3.5	%
Children's Hospitals & Clinics	2.8	%
Allina Health	2.8	%
Noran Neurological Clinic	2.5	%
Amerada Hess	2.4	%
Obstetrics and Gynecology Associates, P.A.	2.3	%
The Tire Rack	1.9	%
All Others	53.3	%
Total Monthly Commercial Rent as of October 2017	100.0	%

Healthcare Leasing Activity

The total leasing activity for our same-store healthcare properties, expressed in square feet of leases signed during the period, and the resulting occupancy levels, are as follows:

Three Months Ended October 31, 2017 and 2016


					Total
	Square Feet of		Square Feet of		Square Feet of
	New Leases(1)		Leases Renewed(1)		Leases Executed(1)		Occupancy
Segment	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017		2016
Healthcare	—	4,891	3,443	16,952	3,443	21,843	92.5	%	92.6	%

Six Months Ended October 31, 2017 and 2016


					Total
	Square Feet of		Square Feet of		Square Feet of
	New Leases(1)		Leases Renewed(1)		Leases Executed(1)		Occupancy
Segment	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017		2016
Healthcare	—	17,031	43,348	37,036	43,348	54,067	92.5	%	92.6	%

(1)

The leasing activity presented is based on leases signed or executed for our same-store rental properties during the period and is not intended to coincide with the commencement of rental revenue in accordance with US GAAP. Prior periods reflect amounts previously reported and exclude retroactive adjustments for properties reclassified to discontinued operations or non-same-store in the current period.

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Healthcare New Leases

The following table sets forth the average effective rents and the estimated costs of tenant improvements and leasing commissions, on a per square foot basis, that we are obligated to fulfill under the new leases signed for our same-store healthcare properties:

Three Months Ended October 31, 2017 and 2016


								Estimated Tenant			Leasing
	Square Feet of		Average Term		Average			Improvement Cost			Commissions per
	New Leases(1)		in Years		Effective Rent(2)			per Square Foot(1)			Square Foot(1)
Segment	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017		2016	2017		2016	2017	2016
Healthcare	—	4,891	n/a	2.0	n/a	$	22.66	n/a	$	—	n/a	—

Six Months Ended October 31, 2017 and 2016


							Estimated Tenant		Leasing
	Square Feet of		Average Term		Average		Improvement Cost		Commissions per
	New Leases(1)		in Years		Effective Rent(2)		per Square Foot(1)		Square Foot(1)
Segment	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016
Healthcare	—	17,031	n/a	8.5	n/a	20.98	n/a	39.31	n/a	6.24

(1)

(2)

Effective rents represent average annual base rental payments, on a straight-line basis for the term of each lease, excluding operating expense reimbursements. The underlying leases contain various expense structures including gross, modified gross, net and triple net.

Healthcare Lease Renewals

The following table summarizes our lease renewal activity within our same-store healthcare segment (square feet data in thousands):

Three Months Ended October 31, 2017 and 2016


														Estimated
									Weighted Average					Tenant Improvement				Leasing
	Square Feet of		Percent of Expiring				Average Term		Growth (Decline)					Cost per Square				Commissions per
	Leases Renewed(1)		Leases Renewed(2)				in Years		in Effective Rents(3)					Foot(1)				Square Foot(1)
Segment	2017	2016	2017		2016		2017	2016	2017		2016			2017		2016		2017		2016
Healthcare	3,443	16,952	95.7	%	86.3	%	3.0	2.4	(1.1)	%	5.9	%	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	0.54

Six Months Ended October 31, 2017 and 2016


														Estimated
									Weighted Average					Tenant Improvement				Leasing
	Square Feet of		Percent of Expiring				Average Term		Growth (Decline)					Cost per Square				Commissions per
	Leases Renewed(1)		Leases Renewed(2)				in Years		in Effective Rents(3)					Foot(1)				Square Foot(1)
Segment	2017	2016	2017		2016		2017	2016	2017		2016			2017		2016		2017		2016
Healthcare	43,348	37,036	82.7	%	94.5	%	6.0	3.0	3.0	%	5.2	%	$	14.26	$	2.23	$	5.05	$	1.61

(1)

(2)

Renewal percentage of expiring leases is based on square footage of renewed leases and not the number of leases renewed. The category of renewed leases does not include leases that have become month-to-month leases, as the month-to-month leases are considered lease amendments.

(3)

Represents the percentage change in effective rent between the original leases and the renewal leases. Effective rents represent average annual base rental payments, on a straight-line basis for the term of each lease, excluding operating expense reimbursements. The underlying leases contain various expense structures including gross, modified gross, net and triple net.

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Healthcare Lease Expirations

Our ability to maintain and improve occupancy rates and base rents primarily depends upon our continuing ability to re-lease expiring space. The following table reflects the in-service portfolio lease expiration schedule of our consolidated healthcare properties, including square footage and annualized base rent for expiring leases, as of October 31, 2017.


							Percentage of Total
			Percentage of Total		Annualized Base		Healthcare
Fiscal Year of Lease		Square Footage of	Healthcare Segment		Rent of Expiring		Segment
Expiration	# of Leases	Expiring Leases(3)	Leased Square Footage		Leases at Expiration(2)		Annualized Base Rent
2018(1)	13	39,641	3.3	%	$	595,183	2.2	%
2019	16	57,741	4.8	%		1,296,216	4.9	%
2020	17	95,323	7.9	%		1,975,482	7.4	%
2021	21	97,216	8.0	%		2,108,624	7.9	%
2022	17	76,774	6.3	%		1,419,568	5.3	%
2023	16	84,853	7.0	%		1,690,858	6.4	%
2024	28	174,936	14.4	%		4,122,278	15.5	%
2025	6	77,579	6.4	%		1,708,922	6.4	%
2026	9	103,178	8.5	%		1,806,075	6.8	%
2027	12	157,842	13.0	%		3,512,951	13.2	%
Thereafter	19	247,195	20.4	%		6,382,272	24.0	%
Totals	174	1,212,278	100.0	%	$	26,618,429	100.0	%

(1)

Includes month-to-month leases. As of October 31, 2017, month-to-month leases accounted for 14,282 square feet.

(2)

Assuming that none of the tenants exercise renewal or termination options, and including leases renewed prior to expiration. Also excludes 1,361 square feet of space occupied by us.

(3)

Annualized Base Rent is monthly scheduled rent as of October 2017, multiplied by 12.

Due to the dispersed locations of a substantial portion of the portfolio’s properties in secondary and tertiary markets, information on current market rents is difficult to obtain, is highly subjective and is often not directly comparable between properties. As a result, we believe that the increase or decrease in effective rent on our recent leases is the most objective and meaningful information available regarding rent trends and the relationship between rents on leases expiring in the near term and current market rents across our markets. We believe that rents on our new and renewed leases generally approximate market rents.

PROPERTY ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

During the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, we acquired one multifamily property for a purchase price of $92.3 million. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, we sold 13 multifamily properties, 3 healthcare properties, 1 industrial property and 1 parcel of unimproved land for a sales price of $63.4 million. See Note 8 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for a table detailing our acquisitions and dispositions during the six-month periods ended October 31, 2017 and 2016. Subsequent to quarter-end, we entered into a purchase agreement to sell 28 medical office buildings and one office property for $417.5 million. See Note 14 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS

We consider Funds from Operations (“FFO”) a useful measure of performance for an equity REIT. We use the definition of FFO adopted by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. (“NAREIT”). NAREIT defines FFO to mean “net income (computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures will be calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis.” In addition, in October 2011, NAREIT clarified its computation of FFO to exclude impairment charges for all periods presented. Due to limitations of the FFO definition adopted by NAREIT, we have made certain interpretations in applying the definition. We believe all such interpretations not specifically provided for in the NAREIT definition are consistent with the definition.

Management considers that FFO, by excluding depreciation costs, impairment write-downs, the gains or losses from the sale of operating real estate properties and extraordinary items as defined by U.S. GAAP, is useful to investors in

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providing an additional perspective on our operating results. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with U.S. GAAP assumes, through depreciation, that the value of real estate assets decreases predictably over time. However, real estate asset values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions. NAREIT’s definition of FFO, by excluding depreciation costs, reflects the fact that real estate, as an asset class, generally appreciates over time and that depreciation charges required by U.S. GAAP may not reflect underlying economic realities. Additionally, the exclusion in NAREIT’s definition of FFO of impairment write-downs and gains and losses from the sales of previously depreciated operating real estate assets, assists our management and investors in identifying the operating results of the long-term assets that form the core of our investments, and assists in comparing those operating results between periods. FFO is used by our management and investors to identify trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs.

While FFO is widely used by us as a primary performance metric, not all real estate companies use the same definition of FFO or calculate FFO the same way. Accordingly, FFO presented here is not necessarily comparable to FFO presented by other real estate companies. FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income as determined under U.S. GAAP as a measure of our performance, but rather should be considered as an additional, supplemental measure, and viewed in conjunction with net income as presented in the consolidated financial statements included in this report. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with US GAAP, and is not necessarily indicative of sufficient cash flow to fund all of our needs or our ability to service indebtedness or make distributions.

FFO applicable to Common Shares and Units for the three months ended October 31, 2017, decreased to $9.5 million compared to $16.5 million for the comparable period ended October 31, 2016, a decrease of 42.5%. FFO applicable to Common Shares and Units for the six months ended October 31, 2017, decreased to $22.5 million compared to $32.3 million for the comparable period ended October 31, 2016, a decrease of 30.3%.

RECONCILIATION OF NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO

INVESTORS REAL ESTATE TRUST TO FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS


		(in thousands, except per share and unit amounts)
Three Months Ended October 31,		2017										2016
						Weighted Avg			Per Share							Weighted Avg		Per Share
						Shares and			and							Shares and		and
		Amount				Units(1)			Unit(2)			Amount				Units(1)		Unit(2)
Net income attributable to controlling interests		$		12,821					$			$		11,600				$
Less dividends to preferred shareholders				(2,812)										(2,878)
Less redemption of preferred shares				(3,649)										—
Net income available to common shareholders				6,360		120,144				0.05				8,722		121,154				0.07
Adjustments:
Noncontrolling interests – Operating Partnership				773		14,623								1,174		16,264
Depreciation and amortization				19,894										12,971
Gains on depreciable property sales attributable to controlling interests				(17,562)										(6,400)
Funds from operations applicable to common shares and Units(3)		$		9,465		134,767			$	0.07		$		16,467		137,418		$		0.12
	(in thousands, except per share and unit amounts)
Six Months Ended October 31,	2017										2016
					Weighted Avg		Per Share								Weighted Avg		Per Share
					Shares and		and								Shares and		and
	Amount				Units(1)		Unit(2)				Amount				Units(1)		Unit(2)
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interests	$		1,557				$				$		(10,043)				$
Less dividends to preferred shareholders			(5,098)										(5,757)
Less redemption of preferred shares			(3,649)										—
Net loss available to common shareholders			(7,190)		120,282			(0.06)					(15,800)		121,135				(0.13)
Adjustments:
Noncontrolling interests – Operating Partnership			(871)		14,912								(2,122)		16,276
Depreciation and amortization			48,013										26,408
Impairment of real estate attributable to controlling interests			256										39,190
Gains on depreciable property sales attributable to controlling interests			(17,686)										(15,358)
Funds from operations applicable to common shares and Units(4)	$		22,522		135,194		$	0.17			$		32,318		137,411		$		0.24

(1) Upon the exercise of Exchange Rights, Units of the Operating Partnership are exchangeable for cash or, at our discretion, for Common Shares on a one-for-one basis.

(2)Net income attributable to Investors Real Estate Trust is calculated on a per Common Share basis. FFO is calculated on a per Common Share and Unit basis.

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DISTRIBUTIONS

The following distributions per Common Share and Unit were paid during the three months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016:


Month	Fiscal Year 2018		Fiscal Year 2017
July	$	0.07	$	0.13
October	$	0.07	$	0.13

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

OVERVIEW

Our principal liquidity demands are maintaining distributions to the holders of Common Shares, preferred shares and Units; capital improvements and repairs and maintenance to our properties; acquisition of additional properties; property development; tenant improvements; and debt service and repayments.

We have historically met our short-term liquidity requirements through net cash flows provided by our operating activities, and, from time to time, through draws on our line of credit. As of October 31, 2017, our Operating Partnership had one unsecured multi-bank line of credit with a total commitment capacity of $300.0 million, with a borrowing capacity based on the value of properties contained in the unencumbered asset pool (UAP). Management considers our ability to generate cash from property operating activities and draws on our line of credit to be adequate to meet all operating requirements and to make distributions to our shareholders in accordance with the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. Budgeted expenditures for ongoing maintenance and capital improvements and renovations to our real estate portfolio are also generally expected to be funded from existing cash on hand, cash flow generated from property operations, and draws on our line of credit and/or new borrowings. However, some of our real estate markets continue to experience challenges, including reduced occupancies and rental rates, as well as some restrictions on the availability of financing. In the event of deterioration in property operating results, we may need to consider additional cash preservation alternatives, including reducing development activities, capital improvements and renovations.

To the extent we do not satisfy our long-term liquidity requirements, which consist primarily of maturities under long-term debt, construction and development activities and potential acquisition opportunities, through net cash flows provided by operating activities and our credit facilities, we intend to satisfy such requirements through a combination of funding sources which we believe will be available to us, including the issuance of Units, additional common or preferred equity, proceeds from the sale of properties, and additional long-term secured or short-term unsecured indebtedness.

SOURCES AND USES OF CASH

As of October 31, 2017, approximately 33.3%, or $3.6 million, of our mortgage debt maturing in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal year 2018 is debt placed on multifamily assets, and approximately 66.7%, or $7.2 million, is debt placed on commercial properties. We expect to pay off the full $10.8 million upon the loans’ maturity dates. As of October 31, 2017, approximately 71.7%, or $34.9 million, of our mortgage debt maturing in the next 12 months is debt placed on multifamily assets, and approximately 28.3%, or $13.8 million, is debt placed on commercial properties.

As of October 31, 2017, the BMO Line of Credit had a credit limit of $300.0 million based on the unencumbered asset pool, of which $247.5 million was drawn on the line.

As of October 31, 2017, we are committed to fund $4.6 million in tenant improvements within approximately the next 12 months.

The issuance of Units for property acquisitions continues to be a source of capital available to us. There were no Units issued in the three or six months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016.

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FINANCIAL CONDITION

Mortgage Loan Indebtedness. Mortgage loan indebtedness held for sale decreased by approximately $28.0 million as of October 31, 2017, compared to April 30, 2017, due to loan payoffs and property dispositions. As of October 31, 2017, approximately 90.1% of our $659.0 million of mortgage debt is at fixed rates of interest with staggered maturities. As of October 31, 2017, the weighted average rate of interest on our mortgage debt, including mortgages related to assets held for sale, was 4.63%, compared to 4.71% on April 30, 2017.

Line of Credit. The balance outstanding on our line of credit at October 31, 2017, and April 30, 2017, was $247.5 million and $57.1 million, respectively.

Property Owned. Property owned was $1.8 billion at October 31, 2017, and $1.7 billion at April 30, 2017. During the three months ended October 31, 2017, we acquired one new property and disposed of four commercial properties and a portfolio of 13 multifamily properties, as described above in the “Property Acquisitions and Dispositions” subsection of this MD&A.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents on hand on October 31, 2017, were $42.5 million, compared to $28.8 million on April 30, 2017.

Operating Partnership Units. Outstanding Units in the Operating Partnership were 14.6 million Units at October 31, 2017 and 15.6 million Units at April 30, 2017.

Common Shares of Beneficial Interest. Common Shares outstanding on October 31, 2017, and April 30, 2017, totaled 120.2 million and 121.2 million, respectively. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, no shares were issued under our 2015 Incentive Award Plan. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, we issued approximately 120,792 restricted Common Shares, with a total grant-date value of $502,000, under our 2015 Incentive Award Plan, for executive officer and trustee share based compensation for future performance.

Critical Accounting Policies

In preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements, management has made estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. A summary of our critical accounting policies is included in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017, filed with the SEC on June 28, 2017, under the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Effective May 1, 2017, we reviewed and changed the estimated useful lives of our real estate assets to better reflect the estimated periods during which these assets will be of economic benefit. Generally, the estimated lives of buildings and improvements that previously were 20-40 years have been decreased to 10-30 years, while those that were previously nine years were changed to 5-10 years. There have been no other significant changes to our critical accounting policies during the three or six months ended October 31, 2017.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our exposure to market risk is limited primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates on our current and future fixed and variable rate debt obligations.

As of October 31, 2017, we had $65.1 million of variable-rate mortgage debt outstanding and $247.5 million of variable-rate borrowings under our line of credit. We estimate that an increase in 30-day LIBOR of 100 basis points with constant risk spreads would result in our net income being reduced by approximately $3.1 million on an annual basis. We estimate that a decrease in 30-day LIBOR of 100 basis points would increase the amount of net income by a similar amount. The weighted average interest rate on our fixed rate and variable rate mortgage debt, as of October 31, 2017, was 4.67%.

Approximately 90.1% and 91.6% of our mortgage debt, as of October 31, 2017, and April 30, 2017, respectively, is at fixed interest rates. Accordingly, interest rate fluctuations during the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 did not have a material effect on us. Even though our goal is to maintain a fairly low exposure to interest rate risk, we may become vulnerable to significant fluctuations in interest rates on any future repricing or refinancing of our fixed or variable rate debt and on future debt.

We primarily use long-term (more than nine years) and medium-term (five to seven years) debt as a source of capital. As of October 31, 2017, we had the following amounts of future principal and interest payments due on mortgages, including mortgages held for sale, secured by our real estate:


	(in thousands)
	Future Principal Payments
	Remaining
Mortgages	Fiscal 2018			Fiscal 2019			Fiscal 2020			Fiscal 2021			Fiscal 2022			Thereafter		Total		Fair Value
Fixed Rate	$	13,523		$	74,302		$	61,670		$	128,323		$	86,204		$	229,832	$	593,854	$	602,535
Avg Fixed Interest Rate(1)		2.34	%		4.40	%		4.20	%		3.67	%		3.43	%

Variable Rate	$	7,875		$	26,011		$	30,588		$	29		$	608		$	—	$	65,111	$	65,111
Avg Variable Interest Rate(1)		2.15	%		4.37	%		5.33	%		3.92	%		3.97	%
																		$	658,965	$	667,646


	(in thousands)
	Future Interest Payments
	Remaining
Mortgages	Fiscal 2018		Fiscal 2019		Fiscal 2020		Fiscal 2021		Fiscal 2022		Thereafter		Total
Fixed Rate	$	13,902	$	25,561	$	21,235	$	16,318	$	10,852	$	25,142	$	113,010
Variable Rate		1,402		1,905		777		25		6		0		4,115
													$	117,125

(1)

Interest rate given is for the entire year.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures:

Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of October 31, 2017, such disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting:

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

None

Item 1A. Risk Factors

None

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Sales of Securities

During the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company did not issue any unregistered Common Shares to limited partners of the Operating Partnership.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable

Item 5. Other Information

None

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Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of this Report.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	Description
1.1	Underwriting Agreement, dated September 26, 2017, by and among Investors Real Estate Trust, IRET Properties, A North Dakota Limited Partnership, and the several Underwriters listed on Schedule I attached thereto, for whom BMO Capital Markets Corp. and Raymond James & Associates, Inc. are acting as representatives (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2017).
3.1	Articles Supplementary to the Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Third Restated Declaration of Trust designating the Registrant’s 6.625% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares, no par value per share (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on September 28, 2017).
3.2	Third Amendment to the Agreement of Limited Partnership of IRET Properties, A North Dakota Limited Partnership (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2017).
31.1*	Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2*	Section 302 Certification of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
32.1*	Section 906 Certifications of Chief Executive Officer
32.2*	Section 906 Certifications of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
101 INS**	INSTANCE DOCUMENT
101 SCH**	SCHEMA DOCUMENT
101 CAL**	CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
101 LAB**	LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT
101 PRE**	PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
101 DEF**	DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

* Filed herewith

**Submitted electronically herewith. Attached as Exhibit 101 are the following materials from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 31, 2017 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

INVESTORS REAL ESTATE TRUST

(Registrant)

/s/ Mark O. Decker, Jr.
Mark O. Decker, Jr.
President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ John A. Kirchmann
John A. Kirchmann
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Date: December 11, 2017