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Commercial Bank Regulation

 

Our commercial bank, Greene County Commercial Bank, derives its authority primarily from the applicable provisions of the New York Banking Law and the regulations adopted under that law. Our commercial bank is limited in its investments and the activities that it may engage in to those permissible under applicable state law and those permissible for national banks and their subsidiaries, unless those investments and activities are specifically permitted by the Federal Deposit Insurance Act or the FDIC determines that the activity or investment would pose no significant risk to the deposit insurance fund. We limit our commercial bank activities to accepting municipal deposits and acquiring municipal and other securities.

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ITEM 2.

Properties

 

The Bank of Greene County currently conducts its business through twelve full-service banking offices.  Both Greene County Bancorp, Inc. and The Bank of Greene County maintain their executive offices at the Administration Center, 302 Main Street, Catskill, New York.  The following table sets forth The Bank of Greene County's offices as of June 30, 2014.

⁽¹⁾ Includes adjacent parking lot

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ITEM 3.

Legal Proceedings

 

Greene County Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries are not involved in any pending legal proceedings other than routine legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business that, in the aggregate, involve amounts that are believed by management to be immaterial to the consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations of Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

ITEM 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 5.

Market for Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “GCBC”.  As of September 5, 2014 Greene County Bancorp, Inc. had 12 registered market makers, 499 stockholders of record (excluding the number of persons or entities holding stock in street name through various brokerage firms) and 4,214,757 shares outstanding.  As of such date, Greene County Bancorp, MHC (the “MHC”), Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s mutual holding company, held 2,304,632 shares of common stock or 54.7% of total shares outstanding.  Consequently, shareholders other than the MHC held 1,910,125 shares.

Payment of dividends on Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock is subject to determination and declaration by the Board of Directors and depends upon a number of factors, including capital requirements, regulatory limitations on the payment of dividends, Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s results of operations, financial condition, tax considerations and general economic conditions.  No assurance can be given that dividends will be declared or, if declared, what the amount of dividends will be, or whether such dividends, once declared, will continue.  The Federal Reserve Board has adopted interim final regulations that impose significant conditions and restrictions on the ability of mutual holding companies to waive the receipt of dividends from their subsidiaries. The MHC was not permitted to waive its receipt of dividends declared during the quarters ended September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2012 because it did not receive the non-objection from the Federal Reserve for such waiver.  The MHC obtained approval of its members at special meetings of members held on February 19, 2013, and on February 18, 2014 to waive the dividend, and received the non-objection of the Federal Reserve Board for such dividend waivers for the 12 months subsequent to each of these approvals. Accordingly, the MHC waived its right to receive dividends declared on all subsequent declaration dates, including the dividend payable on August 29, 2014.   The MHC has the ability to waive receipt of dividends through the quarter ending March 31, 2015; its ability to waive its right to receive dividends beyond this date cannot be reasonably determined at this time.

The following table sets forth a summary of selected financial data at and for the fiscal quarter ends for the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.   Closing market price information is stated at the quarter end dates indicated.

 

 

There were no sales of unregistered securities during fiscal 2014, 2013 or 2012.   On August 22, 2007, the Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program pursuant of up to 5% of its outstanding shares (excluding shares held by Greene County Bancorp, MHC, the Company’s mutual holding company), or up to 92,346 shares.  As of June 30, 2014, the Company had repurchased 62,478 shares in accordance with the stock repurchase program.  There were no shares repurchased during fiscal 2014 or 2013.  The Company does not intend to repurchase any additional shares under this stock repurchase program.

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As of June 30, 2014, the Company has adopted two equity-based compensation plans: the 2008 Stock Option Plan and the ESOP.  The 2008 Stock Option Plan has been approved by stockholders of the Company and, except for the ESOP, the Company has not implemented any equity-based compensation program that has not been approved by Company stockholders.

 

Set forth below is certain information as of June 30, 2014 regarding equity-based compensation plans for directors and executive officers of the Company that have been approved by stockholders.

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ITEM 6.

Selected Financial Data

The selected financial and operational data presented below at and for the years shown was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Greene County Bancorp, Inc. and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements presented elsewhere in this Report.

 

 

¹ Ratio of net income to average total assets.

² Ratio of net income to average shareholders’ equity.

³ The difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

⁴ Net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

⁵ Noninterest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and noninterest income.

⁶ Dividends per share divided by basic earnings per share. This calculation does not take into account the waiver of dividends by Greene County Bancorp, MHC.

⁷ Dividends declared divided by net income.

⁸ Shareholders’ equity divided by outstanding shares.

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ITEM 7.

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

GENERAL

Greene County Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) is the holding company for The Bank of Greene County (the “Bank”), which is a community-based bank offering a variety of financial services to meet the needs of the communities it serves.  The Bank of Greene County is a federally chartered savings bank.  The Bank of Greene County’s principal business is attracting deposits from customers within its market area and investing those funds primarily in loans, with excess funds used to invest in securities.  The Bank of Greene County currently operates 12 full service branches, an administration office and an operations center in New York’s Greene, Albany, and Columbia counties.  In June 2004, Greene County Commercial Bank (“GCCB”) was opened for the limited purpose of servicing local municipalities.  GCCB is a subsidiary of The Bank of Greene County, and is a New York State-chartered commercial bank.  Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “GCBC.”  Greene County Bancorp, MHC is a mutual holding company that owns 54.7% of the Company.’s outstanding common stock.    In June 2011, Greene Property Holdings, Ltd. was formed as a New York corporation that has elected under the Internal Revenue Code to be a real estate investment trust.  Greene Properties Holding, Ltd. is a subsidiary of The Bank of Greene County.  Certain mortgages and notes held by The Bank of Greene County were transferred to and are beneficially owned by Greene Property Holdings, Ltd.  The Bank of Greene County continues to service these loans.

Overview of the Company’s Activities and Risks

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s results of operations depend primarily on its net interest income, which is the difference between the income earned on Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s loan and securities portfolios and its cost of funds, consisting of the interest paid on deposits and borrowings. Results of operations are also affected by Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s provision for loan losses, gains and losses from sales of securities, noninterest income and noninterest expense.  Noninterest income consists primarily of fees and service charges.  Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s noninterest expense consists principally of compensation and employee benefits, occupancy, equipment and data processing, and other operating expenses. Results of operations are also significantly affected by general economic and competitive conditions, changes in interest rates, as well as government policies and actions of regulatory authorities. Additionally, future changes in applicable law, regulations or government policies may materially affect Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Critical Accounting Policies

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s critical accounting policies relate to the allowance for loan losses and the evaluation of securities for other-than-temporary impairment.  The allowance for loan losses is based on management’s estimation of an amount that is intended to absorb losses in the existing portfolio.  The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio, the composition of the portfolio, specific impaired loans and current economic conditions.  Such evaluation, which includes a review of all loans for which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers among other matters, the estimated net realizable value or the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, historical loan loss experience, management’s estimate of probable credit losses and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for the allowance of loan losses.  However, this evaluation involves a high degree of complexity and requires management to make subjective judgments that often require assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters.  This critical accounting policy and its application are periodically reviewed with the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors.

Securities are evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment by performing periodic reviews of individual securities in the investment portfolio.  Greene County Bancorp, Inc. makes an assessment to determine whether there have been any events or economic circumstances to indicate that a security on which there is an unrealized loss, is impaired on an other-than-temporary basis.  The Company considers many factors, including the severity and duration of the impairment; the intent and ability of the Company to hold the equity security for a period of time sufficient for a recovery in value; recent events specific to the issuer or industry; and for debt securities, the intent to sell the security, the likelihood to be required to sell the security before it recovers the entire amortized cost, external credit ratings and recent downgrades.  The Company is required to record other-than-temporary impairment charges through earnings, if it has the intent to sell, or will more likely than not be required to sell an impaired debt security before a recovery of its amortized cost basis.  In addition, the Company is required to record other-than-temporary impairment charges through earnings for the amount of credit losses, regardless of the intent or requirement to sell.  Credit loss is measured as the difference between the present value of an impaired debt security’s cash flows and its amortized cost basis.  Non-credit related write-downs to fair value must be recorded as decreases to accumulated other comprehensive income as long as the Company has no intent or requirement to sell an impaired security before a recovery of amortized cost basis.

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Management of Credit Risk

Management considers credit risk to be an important risk factor affecting the financial condition and operating results of Greene County Bancorp, Inc. The potential for loss associated with this risk factor is managed through a combination of policies approved by Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s Board of Directors, the monitoring of compliance with these policies, and the periodic reporting and evaluation of loans with problem characteristics. Policies relate to the maximum amount that can be granted to a single borrower and such borrower’s related interests, the aggregate amount of loans outstanding by type in relation to total assets and capital, loan concentrations, loan-to-collateral value ratios, approval limits and other underwriting criteria. Policies also exist with respect to the rating of loans, determination of when loans should be placed on a nonperforming status and the factors to be considered in establishing Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s allowance for loan losses.  Management also considers credit risk when evaluating potential and current holdings of securities.  Credit risk is a critical component in evaluating corporate debt securities.  Greene County Bancorp, Inc. has purchased municipal securities as part of its strategy based on the fact that such securities can offer a higher tax-equivalent yield than other similar investments.

Management of Interest Rate Risk

While Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s loan portfolio is subject to risks associated with the local economy, Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk because most of Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s assets and liabilities are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s assets consist primarily of mortgage loans, which have longer maturities than Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s liabilities, which consist primarily of deposits.  Greene County Bancorp, Inc. does not engage in any derivative-based hedging transactions, such as interest rate swaps and caps.  Due to the complex nature and additional risk often associated with derivative hedging transactions, such as counterparty risk, it is Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s policy to continue its strategy of mitigating interest rate risk through balance sheet composition. Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s interest rate risk management program focuses primarily on evaluating and managing the composition of Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s assets and liabilities in the context of various interest rate scenarios.  Tools used to evaluate and manage interest rate risk include measuring net interest income sensitivity (“NII”), economic value of equity (“EVE”) sensitivity and GAP analysis.  These standard interest rate risk measures are described more fully below.    Factors beyond management’s control, such as market interest rates and competition, also have an impact on interest income and interest expense.

In recent years, Greene County Bancorp, Inc. has followed the following strategies to manage interest rate risk:

(i)

maintaining a high level of liquid interest earning assets such as short-term interest-earning deposits and various investment securities;

(ii)

maintaining a high concentration of less interest-rate sensitive and lower-costing core deposits;

(iii)

originating consumer installment loans that have up to five-year terms but that have significantly shorter average lives due to early prepayments;

(iv)

originating adjustable-rate nonresidential mortgage loans and commercial loans; and

(v)

where possible, matching the funding requirements for fixed-rate residential mortgages with lower-costing core deposits.

By investing in liquid securities, which can be sold to take advantage of interest rate shifts, and originating adjustable rate nonresidential and commercial loans with shorter average durations, Greene County Bancorp, Inc. believes it is better positioned to react to changes in market interest rates.  Investments in short-term securities, however, generally bear lower yields than longer-term investments.  Thus, these strategies may result in lower levels of interest income than would be obtained by investing in longer-term fixed-rate investments.

Net Interest Income Analysis. One of the most significant measures of interest risk is net interest income sensitivity (“NII”). NII is the measurement of the sensitivity of Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s net interest income to changes in interest rates and is computed for instantaneous rate shocks and a series of rate ramp assumptions. The net interest income sensitivity can be viewed as the exposure to changes in interest rates in the balance sheet as of the report date. The net interest income sensitivity measure does not take into account any future change to the balance sheet.  Greene County Bancorp, Inc. has a relatively low level of NII sensitivity and is well within policy limits in all positive rate shock scenarios. This means that Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s income exposure to rising rate is projected to be relatively low.

The analysis of NII sensitivity is limited by the fact that it does not take into account any future changes in the balance sheet.  Therefore, Greene County Bancorp, Inc. also performs dynamic modeling which utilizes a projected balance sheet and income statement based on budget and planning assumptions and then stress tests those projections in various economic environments and interest rate scenarios. In each economic scenario that is modeled, assumptions pertaining to growth volumes, income, expenses and asset quality are adjusted based on what the likely impact of the economic scenario will be.  By incorporating the Company’s financial projections into the analysis, Greene County Bancorp, Inc. can better understand the impact that the implementation of those plans would have on its overall interest rate risk, and thereby better manage its interest rate risk position.

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EVE Analysis. Economic value of equity (“EVE”) is defined as the present value of all future asset cash flows less the present value of all future liability cash flows, or an estimate of the value of the entire balance sheet. The EVE measure is limited in that it does not take into account any future change to the balance sheet. The following table presents Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s EVE.  The EVE table indicates the market value of assets less the market value of liabilities at each specific rate shock environment. These calculations were based upon assumptions believed to be fundamentally sound, although they may vary from assumptions utilized by other financial institutions.  The information set forth below is based on data that included all financial instruments as of June 30, 2014.  Assumptions made by Greene County Bancorp, Inc. relate to interest rates, loan prepayment rates, core deposit duration, and the market values of certain assets and liabilities under the various interest rate scenarios.  Actual maturity dates were used for fixed rate loans and certificate accounts.  Securities were scheduled at either maturity date or next scheduled call date based upon judgment of whether the particular security would be called based upon the current interest rate environment, as it existed on June 30, 2014.  Variable rate loans were scheduled as of their next scheduled interest rate repricing date.  Additional assumptions made in the preparation of the EVE table include prepayment rates on loans and mortgage-backed securities. For each interest-bearing core deposit category, a discounted cash flow based upon the decay of each category was calculated and a discount rate applied based on the FHLB fixed rate advance term nearest the average life of the category.  The noninterest-bearing category does not use a decay assumption, and the 24 month FHLB advance rate was used as the discount rate.  The EVE at “Par” represents the difference between Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s estimated value of assets and value of liabilities assuming no change in interest rates.  The EVE for a decrease of 100, 200 and 300 basis points have been excluded since they would not be meaningful in the interest rate environment as of June 30, 2014.

The following sets forth Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s EVE as of June 30, 2014.

                                                                            

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¹ Calculated as the estimated EVE divided by the present value of total assets.

² Calculated as the excess (deficiency) of the EVE ratio assuming the indicated change in interest rates over the estimated EVE ratio assuming no change in interest rates.

The prolonged low rate environment continues to increase EVE sensitivity across the industry, as the decreasing yield on assets increases price sensitivity to large rate shocks.  EVE sensitivity will increase further as rates rise and loans and investments lose value and move out the sensitivity curve. Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s EVE modeling projects that the EVE will decrease in instantaneous rate shocks, however, the level of sensitivity resulting from these rate shocks is within the Company’s policy limits and regulatory guidance.  In anticipation of rising interest rates from the current historical low rate environment, Greene County Bancorp, Inc. has implemented several strategies to help mitigate the negative impact on EVE that would result from rising interest rates. These strategies include shortening the average duration of assets and lengthening the average duration of its liabilities.

Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodology used in the above interest rate risk measurements.  Modeling changes in EVE require the making of certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates.

Gap Analysis.  The matching of assets and liabilities may be analyzed by examining the extent to which such assets and liabilities are “interest rate sensitive” and by monitoring a company’s interest rate sensitivity “gap.”  An asset or liability is deemed to be interest rate sensitive within a specific time period if it will mature or reprice within that time period. The interest rate sensitivity gap is defined as the difference between the amount of interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within a specific time period and the amount of interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within that same time period. A gap is considered positive when the amount of interest rate sensitive assets exceeds the amount of interest rate sensitive liabilities. A gap is considered negative when the amount of interest rate sensitive liabilities exceeds the amount of interest rate sensitive assets. Accordingly, during a period of rising interest rates, an institution with a negative gap position generally would not be in as favorable a position, compared with an institution with a positive gap, to invest in higher yielding assets. The resulting yield on the institution’s assets generally would increase at a slower rate than the increase in its cost of interest bearing liabilities. Conversely, during a period of falling interest rates, an institution with a negative gap would tend to experience a repricing of its assets at a slower rate than its interest bearing liabilities which, consequently, would generally result in its net interest income growing at a faster rate than an institution with a positive gap position. At June 30, 2014, Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s cumulative one-year and three-year gap positions, the difference between the amount of interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within one year and three years and interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within one year and three years, as a percentage of total interest earning assets were positive 9.73% and 12.80% respectively.

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Certain shortcomings are inherent in this method of analysis. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to repricing, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. It should also be noted that interest-bearing core deposit categories, which have no stated maturity date, have an assumed decay rate applied to create a cash flow on those deposit categories for gap purposes.  Also, the interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in market rates. Additionally, certain assets such as adjustable-rate loans have features that restrict changes in interest rates both on a short-term basis and over the life of the asset. Further, in the event of changes in interest rates, prepayment and early withdrawal levels would likely deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating the table. Finally, the ability of many borrowers to service their adjustable-rate loans may decrease in the event of an interest rate increase.

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW

Net income for the year ended June 30, 2014 amounted to $6.5 million or $1.55 per basic and $1.54 per diluted share as compared to $6.4 million or $1.52 per basic and $1.51 per diluted share for the year ended June 30, 2013, an increase of $157,000, or 2.5%.  The increase in net income was primarily the result of an increase of $158,000 in net interest income, a decrease in provision for loan losses of $246,000, an increase of $285,000 in noninterest income, and a decrease in provision for income taxes of $135,000 which was partially offset by a $667,000 increase in noninterest expense.   The change in net interest income resulted from growth in interest-earning assets when comparing the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.  However, in the continuing low interest rate environment, the average rates on our interest earning assets has decreased more than the rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities.    As a result, net interest rate spread decreased 19 basis points to 3.27% for the year ended June 30, 2014 as compared to 3.46% for the year ended June 30, 2013.   Net interest margin decreased 20 basis points to 3.34% for the year ended June 30, 2014 as compared to 3.54% for the year ended June 30, 2013. The increase in noninterest income was primarily the result of higher fees earned on debit cards due to growth in the number of checking accounts with debit cards.  The increase in noninterest income was also the result of higher commissions earned through investment services. The increase in noninterest expense was primarily the result of an increase in salaries and employee benefits resulting from a $664,000 increase in expense related to the Company’s phantom stock option plan as well as various other employee benefits. The increase was also partially due to higher fees paid to consultants which is reflected in the $159,000 increase in legal and professional fees.  These increases were partially offset by a $128,000 decrease in service and data processing fees due to lower debit card processing fees resulting from the renegotiation of the contract between the Company and its vendor.

Total assets grew $40.6 million, or 6.4%, to $674.2 million at June 30, 2014 as compared to $633.6 million at June 30, 2013.  Net loans increased $39.9 million, or 11.1%, to $399.3 million at June 30, 2014 as compared to $359.4 million at June 30, 2013.  Securities classified as  available-for-sale and held-to-maturity decreased $8.1 million to $238.1 million at June 30, 2014 as compared to $246.2 million at June 30, 2013.  Deposits grew $31.2 million, or 5.6%, to $589.6 million at June 30, 2014 as compared to $558.4 million at June 30, 2013.  Total shareholders’ equity amounted to $61.2 million at June 30, 2014, or 9.1% of total assets, compared to $56.1 million at June 30, 2013, or 8.9% of total assets.

Comparison of Financial Condition as of June 30, 2014 and 2013

SECURITIES

Securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity decreased $8.1 million, or 3.3%, to $238.1 million at June 30, 2014 as compared to $246.2 million at June 30, 2013.  Securities purchases totaled $39.0 million during the year ended June 30, 2014 and consisted of $31.6 million of state and political subdivision securities, and $7.4 million of mortgage-backed securities. Principal pay-downs and maturities amounted to $44.8 million, of which $13.2 million were mortgage-backed securities, $23.1 million were state and political subdivision securities, $5.5 million were U.S. Treasury securities, and $3.0 million were U.S. government agency securities. Greene County Bancorp, Inc. holds 39.1% of its securities portfolio at June 30, 2014 in state and political subdivision securities to take advantage of tax savings and to promote Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s participation in the communities in which it operates. Mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities held within the portfolio do not contain sub-prime loans and are not exposed to the credit risk associated with such lending.

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The estimated fair value of debt securities at June 30, 2014 by contractual maturity are shown below.  Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities balances are presented based on final maturity date and do not reflect the expected cash flows from monthly principal repayments.  Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities, because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

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LOANS

Net loans receivable increased to $399.3 million at June 30, 2014 from $359.4 million at June 30, 2013, an increase of $39.9 million, or 11.1%.  The loan growth experienced during the year primarily consisted of $22.6 million in nonresidential real estate loans, $14.8 million in residential mortgage loans, and $5.7 million in non-mortgage loans, and was partially offset by a $1.7 million decrease in construction loans, a $1.5 million decrease in multi-family loans, and an increase of $379,000 in the allowance for loan losses. The continued low interest rate environment and, we believe, strong customer satisfaction from personal service continued to enhance loan growth.  If long term rates begin to rise, the Company anticipates some reduced new loan demand as well as refinancing activities.  The Bank of Greene County continues to use a conservative underwriting policy in regard to all loan originations, and does not engage in sub-prime lending or other exotic loan products.  A significant decline in home values in the Company’s market areas, however, could have a negative effect on the consolidated results of operations, as any such decline in home values would likely lead to a decrease in residential real estate loans and new home equity loan originations and increased delinquencies and defaults in both the consumer home equity loan and the residential real estate loan portfolios and result in increased losses in these portfolios.  Updated appraisals are obtained on loans when there is a reason to believe that there has been a change in the borrower’s ability to repay the loan principal and interest, generally, when a loan is in a delinquent status.  Additionally, if an existing loan is to be modified or refinanced, generally, an appraisal is ordered to ensure continued collateral adequacy.

Set forth below is selected information concerning the composition of The Bank of Greene County’s loan portfolio in dollar amounts and in percentages (before deductions for deferred fees and costs, unearned discounts and allowances for losses) as of the dates indicated.

 

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(1) Includes direct automobile loans (on both new and used automobiles) and personal loans.

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The following table sets forth certain information as of June 30, 2014 regarding the amount of loans maturing or re-pricing in The Bank of Greene County's portfolio.  Adjustable-rate loans are included in the period in which interest rates are next scheduled to adjust rather than the period in which they contractually mature, and fixed-rate loans are included in the period in which the final contractual repayment is due.  Lines of credit with no specified maturity date are included in the category “within one year.”

The total amount of the above loans that mature or are due after June 30, 2015 that have fixed interest rates is $284.2 million while the total amount of loans that mature or are due after such date that have adjustable interest rates is $61.1 million.  The interest rate risk implications of The Bank of Greene County’s substantial preponderance of fixed-rate loans is discussed in detail above within the section Management of Interest Rate Risk.

 

Management closely monitors the quality of the loan portfolio and has established a loan review process designed to help grade the quality and profitability of the Company’s loan portfolio.  The credit quality grade helps management make a consistent assessment of each loan relationship’s credit risk.  Consistent with regulatory guidelines, The Bank of Greene County provides for the classification of loans and other assets considered being of lesser quality.  Such ratings coincide with the "Substandard", "Doubtful" and "Loss" classifications used by federal regulators in their examination of financial institutions.  Assets that do not currently expose the insured financial institutions to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but otherwise possess weaknesses are designated "Special Mention."   For further discussion regarding how management determines when a loan should be classified see Part II, Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplemental Data, Note 4, Loans of this Report.  At June 30, 2014, The Bank of Greene County had $7.7 million of loans classified as substandard, and $2.3 million of loans designated as special mention.   No loans were classified as either doubtful or loss at June 30, 2014.

Loans are reviewed on a regular basis to assess collectability of all principal and interest payments due.  Management determines that a loan is impaired or non-performing when it is probable at least a portion of the principal or interest will not be collected in accordance with contractual terms of the note.  When a loan is determined to be impaired, the measurement of the loan is based on present value of estimated future cash flows, except that all collateral-dependent loans are measured for impairment based on the fair value of the collateral.

Generally, management places loans on nonaccrual status once the loans have become 90 days or more delinquent or sooner if there is a significant reason for management to believe the collectability is questionable and, therefore, interest on the loan will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis.    The Company identifies impaired loans and measures the impairment in accordance with FASB ASC subtopic “Receivables – Loan Impairment.”  Management may consider a loan impaired once it is classified as nonaccrual and when it is probable that the borrower will be unable to repay the loan according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement or the loan is restructured in a troubled debt restructuring.  It should be noted that management does not evaluate all loans individually for impairment.  Generally, The Bank of Greene County considers residential mortgages, home equity loans and installment loans as small, homogeneous loans, which are evaluated for impairment collectively based on historical loan experience and other factors.  In contrast, large commercial mortgage, construction, multi-family, business loans and select larger balance residential mortgage loans are viewed individually and considered impaired if it is probable that The Bank of Greene County will not be able to collect scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.  The majority of The Bank of Greene County loans, including most nonaccrual loans, are small homogenous loan types adequately supported by collateral.  Management considers the payment status of loans in the process of evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses among other factors.  Loans that are either delinquent a minimum of 60 days or are on nonaccrual status, and are not individually considered impaired, are either designated as Special Mention or Substandard, and the allocation of the Allowance for Loan Loss is based upon the risk associated with such designation.  For further discussion and detail regarding the Allowance for Loan Losses and impaired loans please refer to Part II, Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplemental Data, Note 4 Loans of this Report. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as nonperforming.  Foreclosed real estate is considered to be a nonperforming asset.

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The table below details additional information related to nonaccrual loans for the periods indicated:

The table below details additional information related to nonaccrual loans as of June 30:

The Company identifies impaired loans and measures the impairment in accordance with FASB ASC subtopic “Receivables – Loan Impairment”.  A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the borrower will be unable to repay the loan according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement or the loan is restructured in a troubled debt restructuring.

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The table below details additional information on impaired loans as of the dates indicated:

Nonperforming assets amounted to $6.6 million at June 30, 2014 and $7.2 million at June 30, 2013, a decrease of $543,000, or 7.6%, and total impaired loans amounted to $6.8 million at June 30, 2014 compared to $7.7 million at June 30, 2013, a decrease of $848,000, or 11.0%.  Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $5.9 million at June 30, 2014 of which $3.0 million were in the process of foreclosure.  Included in nonaccrual loans were $922,000 of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2014, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. These loans will be returned to accrual status once they have demonstrated a history of timely payments.  Included in total loans past due were $925,000 of loans which were making payments pursuant to forbearance agreements.  Under the forbearance agreements, the customers have made arrangements with The Bank of Greene County to bring the loans current over a specified period of time (resulting in an insignificant delay in repayment).  During this term of the forbearance agreement, The Bank of Greene County has agreed not to continue foreclosure proceedings.  While The Bank of Greene County makes every reasonable effort to work with the borrowers to collect amounts due, the number of loans in process of foreclosure has grown substantially over the past several years.  The growth in impaired loans is also due in part to the extended length of time required to meet all of the legal requirements mandated by New York State law prior to a foreclosure sale, which may be in excess of two years.

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio, the composition of the loan portfolio, specific impaired loans and current economic conditions.  Such evaluation, which includes a review of certain identified loans on which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers among other matters, the estimated net realizable value or the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, payment status of the loan, historical loan loss experience and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for an allowance for loan loss.  In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review The Bank of Greene County’s allowance for loan losses.  Such agencies may require The Bank of Greene County to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examination.  The Bank of Greene County considers smaller balance residential mortgages, home equity loans and installment loans to customers as small, homogeneous loans, which are evaluated for impairment collectively based on historical loss experience.  Larger balance residential and commercial mortgage and business loans are viewed individually and considered impaired if it is probable that The Bank of Greene County will not be able to collect scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements.  The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Bank of Greene County charges loans off against the allowance for credit losses when it becomes evident that a loan cannot be collected within a reasonable amount of time or that it will cost the Bank more than it will receive, and all possible avenues of repayment have been analyzed, including the potential of future cash flow, the value of the underlying collateral, and strength of any guarantors or co-borrowers.  Generally, consumer loans and smaller business loans (not secured by real estate) in excess of 90 days are charged-off against the allowance for loan losses, unless equitable arrangements are made.   For loans secured by real estate, a charge-off is recorded when it is determined that the collection of all or a portion of a loan may not be collected and the amount of that loss can be reasonably estimated. The allowance for loan losses is increased by a provision for loan losses (which results in a charge to expense) and recoveries of loans previously charged off and is reduced by charge-offs.

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