UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-35344
LRR Energy, L.P.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware |
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90-0708431 |
(State or other jurisdiction of |
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(I.R.S. Employer |
Heritage Plaza 1111 Bagby Street, Suite 4600 Houston, Texas |
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77002 |
(Address of principal executive offices) |
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(Zip code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code:
(713) 292-9510
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class |
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Name of each exchange on which registered |
Common Units Representing Limited Partner Interests |
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New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o |
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Accelerated filer x |
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Non-accelerated filer o |
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Smaller reporting company o |
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
As of June 29, 2012, the last business day of the registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the Common Units held by non-affiliates was approximately $156,852,000 based on the closing price of $14.90 per unit on that date. For purposes of this calculation, Fund I, which owned 5,049,600 Common Units on such date, is considered an affiliate of the registrant.
There were 15,747,102 common units, 6,720,000 subordinated units and 22,400 general partner units outstanding as of March 8, 2013.
LRR Energy, L.P.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
The following includes a description of the meanings of some of the oil and gas industry terms used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The definitions of proved developed reserves, proved reserves and proved undeveloped reserves have been excerpted from the applicable definitions contained in Rule 4-10(a) of Regulation S-X.
Basin: A large depression on the earths surface in which sediments accumulate.
Bbl: One stock tank barrel, or 42 U.S. gallons liquid volume, used in reference to oil or other liquid hydrocarbons.
Boe: One barrel of oil equivalent, calculated by converting natural gas to oil equivalent barrels at a ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one Bbl of oil, condensate or natural gas liquids.
Btu: One British thermal unit, the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a one-pound mass of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
Developed Acreage: The number of acres that are allocated or assignable to producing wells or wells capable of production.
Development Well: A well drilled within the proved area of an oil or natural gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.
Dry Hole or Well: A well found to be incapable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from the sale of such production would exceed production expenses and taxes.
Exploitation: Drilling or other projects that may target proven or unproven reserves (such as probable or possible reserves), but that generally have a lower risk than that associated with exploration projects.
Exploratory Well: A well drilled to find and produce oil and natural gas reserves not classified as proved, to find a new reservoir in a field previously found to be productive of oil or natural gas in another reservoir or to extend a known reservoir.
Field: An area consisting of a single reservoir or multiple reservoirs, all grouped on or related to the same individual geological structural feature and/or stratigraphic condition. The field name refers to the surface area, although it may refer to both the surface and the underground productive formations.
Gross Acres or Gross Wells: The total acres or wells, as the case may be, in which we have working interest.
MBbls: One thousand Bbls.
MBoe: One thousand Boe.
MBtu: One thousand Btu.
Mcf: One thousand cubic feet of natural gas.
MMBoe: One million Boe.
MMBtu: One million Btu.
MMcf: One million cubic feet of natural gas.
Net Acres or Net Wells: The sum of our fractional working interests owned in gross acres or gross wells, as the case may be.
Net Production: Production that is owned by us less royalties and production due others.
Net Revenue Interest: A working interest owners gross working interest in production less the royalty, overriding royalty, production payment and net profits interests.
NGLs: The combination of ethane, propane, butane and natural gasolines that when removed from natural gas become liquid under various levels of higher pressure and lower temperature.
NYMEX: New York Mercantile Exchange.
Oil: Oil and condensate and natural gas liquids.
Productive Well: A well that produces commercial quantities of hydrocarbons, exclusive of its capacity to produce at a reasonable rate of return.
Proved Developed Reserves: Proved reserves that can be expected to be recovered from existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods.
Proved Reserves: Those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible, from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations, prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced, or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project, within a reasonable time. The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes (i) the area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and (ii) adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible oil or gas on the basis of available geoscience and engineering data. In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in a reservoir are limited by the lowest known hydrocarbons, or LKH, as seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering or performance data and reliable technology establishes a lower contact with reasonable certainty. Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined a highest known oil, or HKO, elevation and the potential exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves may be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty. Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification when (i) successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir or an analogous reservoir or other evidence using reliable technology establishes the reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based; and (ii) the project has been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities. Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average price during the twelve-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions.
Proved Undeveloped Reserves: Proved oil and natural gas reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion. Reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those drilling units offsetting productive units that are reasonably certain of production when drilled. Proved reserves for other undrilled units can be claimed only where it can be demonstrated with certainty that there is continuity of production from the existing productive formation. Under no circumstances should estimates for proved undeveloped reserves be attributable to any acreage for which an application of fluid injection or other improved recovery technique is contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective by actual tests in the area and in the same reservoir.
Realized Price: The cash market price less all expected quality, transportation and demand adjustments.
Recompletion: The completion for production of an existing wellbore in another formation from that which the well has been previously completed.
Reserve: That part of a mineral deposit which could be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of the reserve determination.
Reservoir: A porous and permeable underground formation containing a natural accumulation of producible oil and/or natural gas that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is individual and separate from other reserves.
Spacing: The distance between wells producing from the same reservoir. Spacing is often expressed in terms of acres (e.g., 40-acre spacing) and is often established by regulatory agencies.
Spot Price: The cash market price without reduction for expected quality, transportation and demand adjustments.
Standardized Measure: The present value of estimated future net revenue to be generated from the production of proved reserves, determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC (using prices and costs in effect as of the date of estimation), less future development, production and income tax expenses, and discounted at 10% per annum to reflect the timing of future net revenue. Because we are a limited partnership, we are generally not subject to federal or state income taxes and thus make no provision for federal or state income taxes in the calculation of our standardized measure. Standardized measure does not give effect to derivative transactions.
Undeveloped Acreage: Lease acreage on which wells have not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit the production of commercial quantities of oil and natural gas regardless of whether such acreage contains proved reserves.
Wellbore: The hole drilled by the bit that is equipped for oil or natural gas production on a completed well. Also called well or borehole.
Working Interest: The operating interest that gives the owner the right to drill, produce and conduct operating activities on the property and a share of production.
Workover: Operations on a producing well to restore or increase production.
WTI: West Texas Intermediate.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT
REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and may include statements about our:
· business strategies;
· ability to replace the reserves we produce through drilling and property acquisitions;
· drilling locations;
· oil and natural gas reserves;
· technology;
· realized oil and natural gas prices;
· production volumes;
· lease operating expenses;
· general and administrative expenses;
· future operating results;
· cash flows and liquidity;
· availability of drilling and production equipment;
· general economic conditions;
· effectiveness of risk management activities; and
· plans, objectives, expectations and intentions.
All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be identified by their use of terms and phrases such as may, predict, pursue, expect, estimate, project, plan, believe, intend, achievable, anticipate, target, continue, potential, should, could and similar terms and phrases. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, they do involve certain assumptions, risks and uncertainties some of which are beyond our control. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. One should consider carefully the statements under Risk Factors described in Item 1A. Risk Factors, which describe factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following factors:
· our ability to generate sufficient cash to pay the minimum quarterly distribution on our common units;
· our ability to replace the oil and natural gas reserves we produce;
· our substantial future capital expenditures, which may reduce our cash available for distribution and could materially affect our ability to make distributions on our common units;
· a decline in, or substantial volatility of, oil, natural gas or NGL prices;
· the differential between the NYMEX or other benchmark prices of oil and natural gas and the wellhead price we receive for our production;
· the risk that our hedging strategy may be ineffective or may reduce our income;
· uncertainty inherent in estimating our reserves;
· the risks and uncertainties involved in developing and producing oil and natural gas;
· risks related to potential acquisitions, including our ability to make accretive acquisitions on economically acceptable terms or to integrate acquired properties;
· competition in the oil and natural gas industry;
· cash flows and liquidity;
· restrictions and financial covenants in our credit facility;
· the availability of pipelines, transportation and gathering systems and processing facilities owned by third parties;
· electronic, cyber, and physical security breaches;
· general economic conditions; and
· legislation and governmental regulations, including climate change legislation and federal or state regulation of hydraulic fracturing.
All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this paragraph and elsewhere in this document and speak only as of the date of this report. Other than as required under
the securities laws, we do not assume a duty to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or circumstances, changes in expectations or otherwise.
References in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to LRR Energy, Partnership, we, our, us or like terms refer collectively to LRR Energy, L.P., its wholly owned operating subsidiary, LRE Operating, LLC (OLLC), and its wholly owned subsidiary organized for the purpose of co-issuing its debt securities, LRE Finance Corporation (LRE Finance). References to Fund I or our predecessor refer collectively to Lime Rock Resources A, L.P. (LRR A), Lime Rock Resources B, L.P. (LRR B) and Lime Rock Resources C, L.P. (LRR C), which sold and contributed oil and natural gas properties and related net profits interests and operations to us in connection with our initial public offering (IPO). References to Fund II refer collectively to Lime Rock Resources II-A, L.P. and Lime Rock Resources II-C, L.P. References to Lime Rock Resources refer collectively to Fund I and Fund II. References to Fund III, which was formed in January 2013, refer to Lime Rock Resources III-A, L.P. and Lime Rock Resources III-C, L.P.
Overview
We are a Delaware limited partnership formed in April 2011 by Lime Rock Management LP (Lime Rock Management), an affiliate of Lime Rock Resources, to operate, acquire, exploit and develop producing oil and natural gas properties in North America with long-lived, predictable production profiles. We acquired the majority of our assets from Fund I in connection with our IPO in November 2011 and in connection with an acquisition from Fund I in June 2012.
Our properties are located in the Permian Basin region in West Texas and southeast New Mexico, the Mid-Continent region in Oklahoma and East Texas and the Gulf Coast region in Texas. As of December 31, 2012, our total estimated proved reserves were approximately 27.9 MMBoe, of which approximately 85% were proved developed reserves (approximately 70% proved developed producing and approximately 15% proved developed non-producing). As of December 31, 2012, we operated 93% of our proved reserves. Our proved reserves had a standardized measure of $325.2 million as of December 31, 2012. Our proved reserves by area are as follows:
Proved Reserves by Operating Region as of December 31, 2012
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% of Total |
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% Proved |
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% Oil |
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% |
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Operating Region |
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MBoe |
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Reserves |
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Developed |
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and NGLs |
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Operated |
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Permian Basin Region |
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17,028 |
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61 |
% |
76 |
% |
71 |
% |
94 |
% |
Mid-Continent Region |
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7,593 |
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27 |
% |
100 |
% |
0 |
% |
93 |
% |
Gulf Coast Region |
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3,254 |
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12 |
% |
100 |
% |
30 |
% |
89 |
% |
All Regions |
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27,875 |
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100 |
% |
85 |
% |
47 |
% |
93 |
% |
Recent Developments
On January 3, 2013, we completed an acquisition of oil and natural gas properties in the Mid-Continent region in Oklahoma from Fund I for a purchase price of $21.0 million, subject to customary purchase price adjustments. In addition, as part of the transaction, we acquired in the money commodity hedge contracts valued at approximately $1.8 million as of the closing of the acquisition. We funded the acquisition with borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
On January 18, 2013, we announced that the board of directors of our general partner declared a cash distribution for the fourth quarter of 2012 of $0.4800 per outstanding unit, or $1.92 on an annualized basis. The distribution was paid on February 14, 2013 to all unitholders of record as of the close of business on January 30, 2013. The aggregate amount of the distribution was approximately $10.8 million.
Presentation
In June 2012, we completed an acquisition from Fund I of certain oil and natural gas properties (the
Transferred Properties) located in the Permian Basin region of New Mexico and onshore Gulf Coast region of Texas for $65.1 million in cash (the Transaction). The Transaction was effective as of March 1, 2012.
Because Fund affiliates own 100% of our general partner and because Fund I owns 5,049,600 common units and all of our 6,720,000 subordinated units, representing an aggregate 52.4% limited partner interest in us, each acquisition of assets from Fund I is considered a transfer of net assets between entities under common control. As a result, we are required to revise our financial statements to include the activities of such assets for all periods presented, similar to a pooling of interests, to include the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. See Note 2 to the Notes to the Consolidated/Combined Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for more information on the Partnerships accounting presentation.
Business Strategies
Our primary business objective is to generate stable cash flows to allow us to make quarterly cash distributions to our unitholders and, over time, to increase our quarterly cash distributions. To achieve our objective, we intend to execute the following business strategies:
· Exploit opportunities on our current properties and manage our operating costs and capital expenditures.
· Leverage our relationship with Lime Rock Resources to provide additional acquisition opportunities through drop-down transactions and joint acquisitions.
· Pursue acquisitions of long-lived, low-risk producing oil and natural gas properties with reserve exploitation potential.
· Reduce the impact of commodity price volatility on our cash flows through an active hedging program.
· Maintain a balanced capital structure to allow for borrowing capacity to execute our business strategies.
Competitive Strengths
We believe the following competitive strengths will enable us to achieve our business strategies:
· Our diverse, predictable, long-lived reserve base with significant operational history under our control.
· Our significant inventory of low-risk projects on existing properties that we operate.
· Our relationship with Lime Rock Resources, which we expect will provide us with access to an inventory of additional mature oil and natural gas properties to acquire in drop-down transactions.
· Our experienced acquisition and operations team with a proven ability to identify, acquire and exploit long-lived oil and natural gas assets.
· Our balanced capital structure and financial flexibility.
Principal Business Relationships
Our general partner is ultimately controlled by the co-founders of Lime Rock Management, who also ultimately control Lime Rock Resources and Lime Rock Partners. Lime Rock Resources, through Fund I, is our largest unitholder, owning an approximate 52.4% limited partner interest in us. In addition, through its interest in our general partner, Lime Rock Resources is entitled to receive 100% of the distributions we make on our incentive distribution rights through November 16, 2017.
We believe our relationships with Lime Rock Management, Lime Rock Resources and Lime Rock Partners will increase our opportunities to acquire additional oil and natural gas properties from Lime Rock Resources and from
Lime Rock Partners portfolio companies in the future, and will maximize our opportunities to participate in suitable acquisitions from third parties that otherwise may not be available to us. Additionally, these relationships provide us access to the management and operations team that manages and operates Lime Rock Resources.
Our Relationship with Lime Rock Management
Lime Rock Management was founded in 1998 and manages private capital for investment in the energy industry through its investment funds, Lime Rock Resources and Lime Rock Partners. All of our executive officers are employees of Lime Rock Management and provide services to us pursuant to the services agreement that we entered into with Lime Rock Management and Lime Rock Resources Operating Company, Inc. (ServCo), an affiliate of Lime Rock Resources, at the closing of our IPO, pursuant to which management, administrative and operational services are provided to our general partner and us to manage and operate our business. Mr. Jonathan Farber, a co-founder of Lime Rock Management and a Managing Director of Lime Rock Partners, and Mr. Townes Pressler, a Managing Director of Lime Rock Partners, serve on the board of directors of our general partner, and certain of our executive officers and non-independent directors own financial interests in Lime Rock Management.
Our Relationship with Lime Rock Resources
Lime Rock Resources was formed by Lime Rock Management for the purpose of acquiring mature, low-risk producing oil and natural gas properties with long-lived production profiles, and consists of two investment funds, Fund I, formed in 2005, and Fund II, formed in 2008 as of December 31, 2012. Lime Rock Resources successfully raised $456 million in equity commitments in Fund I and $410 million in equity commitments in Fund II and has a high quality team of 102 industry professionals who provide services to us pursuant to the services agreement. Since 2006, Lime Rock Resources invested approximately (i) $416 million of Fund I equity and $278 million of Fund I leverage and (ii) $326 million of Fund II equity and $313 million of Fund II leverage in 17 major acquisitions of oil and natural gas properties in three diverse producing regions. Fund II currently has approximately $132 million of additional acquisition capacity that it expects to deploy over the next year. Lime Rock Resources established Fund III in January 2013. Fund III has approximately $247 million in equity commitments and approximately $494 million of acquisition capacity that it expects to deploy over the next several years.
Lime Rock Resources is managed and operated by Lime Rock Management and ServCo. Most of the executive officers of Lime Rock Resources, including Mr. Eric Mullins and Mr. Charles Adcock, Co-Chief Executive Officers of Lime Rock Resources, currently serve as executive officers of our general partner. In addition, our non-independent directors and executive officers, other than our Chief Financial Officer, own financial interests in Lime Rock Resources.
Lime Rock Resources had total estimated proved reserves of 37.3 MMBoe as of December 31, 2012, of which approximately 69% were proved developed reserves, with a standardized measure of $739.9 million as of December 31, 2012 and average net production of approximately 5,978 Boe/d for the twelve months ended December 31, 2012. The oil and natural gas properties owned by Lime Rock Resources include properties with characteristics similar to our properties, and Lime Rock Resources expects to invest additional capital into the further development of these properties. Following their successful development, we believe the majority of these properties will be suitable for acquisition by us in the future. Lime Rock Resources has informed us that it intends, from time to time, to offer us the opportunity to purchase some of its existing and future mature, producing oil and natural gas properties and to offer us the opportunity to participate in potential joint acquisition opportunities. Currently, 100% of Lime Rock Resources properties are onshore. However, Lime Rock Resources has no obligation to offer or sell any of its properties to us or share future joint acquisition opportunities with us, and any transactions with Lime Rock Resources would be subject to agreeing upon mutually acceptable terms. In addition, Lime Rock Resources and its affiliates, including any future affiliated funds and the exploration and production portfolio companies of Lime Rock Partners, are not limited in their ability to compete with us, including with respect to future acquisition opportunities. Please read Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Given its significant ownership in us, we believe Lime Rock Resources is positioned to directly benefit from selling additional oil and natural gas properties to us. As a result, we believe that we are well positioned to acquire
additional oil and natural gas properties from Lime Rock Resources in the future in order to increase our reserves, production and cash distributions.
Our Relationship with Lime Rock Partners
Formed in 1998, Lime Rock Partners is a long-term investor of growth capital in energy companies worldwide. Lime Rock Partners objective is to generate substantial long-term capital appreciation through investments of private growth capital in energy companies in three principal sectors: (i) exploration and production; (ii) energy service; and (iii) oil service technology. Lime Rock Partners consists of six funds with committed capital totaling approximately $3.8 billion. Although Lime Rock Partners does not invest directly in oil and natural gas properties, its exploration and production portfolio companies do invest in those types of assets. However, those portfolio companies typically target less mature or unconventional properties with higher growth and exploration potential than the properties we seek to acquire.
The Lime Rock Partners investment team consists of approximately 32 professionals in five offices: Houston, Texas; Westport, Connecticut; London, England; Aberdeen, Scotland; and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The employees who provide services to Lime Rock Partners are experienced energy professionals with expertise in finance and operations and broad technical skills in the oil and natural gas industry. In connection with the business of Lime Rock Partners, these employees review a large number of potential acquisitions. Although Lime Rock Partners is not obligated to do so, Lime Rock Partners may refer new acquisition opportunities to us or the portfolio companies of Lime Rock Partners may sell their mature, low-risk oil and natural gas assets to us if mutually acceptable terms can be agreed to. In addition, Lime Rock Partners extensive investments in the energy service and oil service technology sectors may provide introductions, potential vendor relationships and industry intelligence that we believe will enable us to implement the latest services and technologies to increase production, maximize long-term reserve life and achieve cost containment. We believe we will benefit from the collective expertise of the employees who provide services to Lime Rock Partners, their extensive network of industry relationships and technologies, and the access to potential acquisition opportunities that would not otherwise be available to us.
Marketing and Major Customers
The following table indicates our significant customers that accounted for 10% or more of our total revenues for the periods indicated:
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Partnership |
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Predecessor |
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2012 |
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2011(1) |
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2011(1) |
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2010 |
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ConocoPhillips |
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16 |
% |
25 |
% |
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18 |
% |
16 |
% |
Seminole Energy Services |
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(2 |
) |
16 |
% |
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12 |
% |
13 |
% |
Upstream Energy |
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(2 |
) |
12 |
% |
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(2 |
) |
10 |
% |
Sunoco |
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17 |
% |
(2 |
) |
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16 |
% |
10 |
% |
Shell Trading Company |
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10 |
% |
(2 |
) |
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(2 |
) |
(2 |
) |
(1) In 2011, we evaluated concentration of credit risk for us and the predecessor by analyzing customer receipts from the oil and natural gas assets as if the predecessor transferred title of the properties to us on January 1, 2011.
(2) The customers accounted for less than 10% of total revenues for the periods indicated.
ConocoPhillips, Sunoco and Shell Trading Company purchase the oil production from us pursuant to existing agreements with terms that are currently on evergreen status and renew on a month-to-month basis until either party gives 30-day advance written notice of non-renewal. Seminole Energy Services purchases natural gas production from us pursuant to an existing agreement that automatically renews on a year-to-year basis until either party gives six-month advance notice of termination prior to the end of such term, and Upstream Energy markets natural gas production from us pursuant to an existing marketing agreement that automatically renews quarterly until either party gives 30-day advance written notice of termination.
If we were to lose any one of our customers, the loss could temporarily delay production and sale of our oil and natural gas in the related producing region. If we were to lose any single customer, we believe we could identify a substitute customer to purchase the impacted production volumes. However, if one or more of our larger customers ceased purchasing oil or natural gas altogether and we are unable to identify a substitute customer, this could have a detrimental effect on our production volumes in general.
Competition
We operate in a highly competitive environment for acquiring properties and securing qualified personnel. Many of our competitors possess and employ financial, technical and personnel resources substantially greater than ours, which can be particularly important in the areas in which we operate. As a result, our competitors may be able to pay more for productive oil and natural gas properties and exploratory prospects, as well as evaluate, bid for and purchase a greater number of properties and prospects than our financial or personnel resources permit. Our ability to acquire additional properties and to find and develop reserves will depend on our ability to evaluate and select suitable properties and to consummate transactions in a highly competitive environment. In addition, there is substantial competition for capital available for investment in the oil and natural gas industry.
We are also affected by competition for drilling rigs, completion rigs, workover rigs, completion services and the availability of related equipment. In recent years, the United States onshore oil and natural gas industry has experienced shortages of drilling and completion rigs, equipment, pipe and personnel, which have delayed development drilling and other exploitation activities and caused significant increases in the prices for this equipment and personnel. We are unable to predict when, or if, such shortages may occur or how they would affect our development and exploitation programs.
Seasonal Nature of Business
Generally, but not always, the demand for natural gas decreases during the summer months and increases during the winter months, resulting in seasonal fluctuations in the price we receive for our natural gas production. Seasonal anomalies such as mild winters or hot summers sometimes lessen this fluctuation.
Hydraulic Fracturing
Hydraulic fracturing has been a part of the completion process for newly drilled wells on most all of our producing properties in New Mexico, Texas and Oklahoma, and all of our properties are dependent on our ability to hydraulically fracture the producing formations with the exception of the undrilled locations on our properties in the Cowden Ranch area of Texas. Substantially all of our leasehold acreage is currently held by production from existing wells. Therefore, fracturing is not currently required to maintain the current production or the leasehold acreage associated with our properties, but it will be required in the future to develop the proved non-producing and proved undeveloped reserves associated with this acreage. Nearly all of our proved non-producing and proved undeveloped reserves are associated with future drilling, recompletion, and fracture stimulation projects.
Almost all of our hydraulic fracturing operations are conducted on vertical wells. The fracture treatments on these wells are much smaller and utilize much less water than what is typically used on most of the shale gas wells that are being drilled throughout the United States.
We follow applicable industry standard practices and legal requirements for groundwater protection in our operations, subject to close supervision by state and federal regulators (including the Bureau of Land Management on federal acreage), which conduct many inspections during operations that include hydraulic fracturing. These protective measures include setting surface casing at a depth sufficient to protect fresh water zones as determined by regulatory agencies, and cementing the well to create a permanent isolating barrier between the casing pipe and surrounding geological formations. This aspect of well design essentially eliminates a pathway for the fracturing fluid to contact any aquifers during the hydraulic fracturing operations. For recompletions of existing wells, the production casing is pressure tested prior to perforating the new completion interval.
Injection rates and pressures are monitored instantaneously and in real time at the surface during our hydraulic fracturing operations. Pressure is monitored on both the injection string and the immediate annulus to the injection
string. Hydraulic fracturing operations would be shut down immediately if an abrupt change occurred to the injection pressure or annular pressure.
Regulations applicable to our operating areas do not currently require, and we do not currently evaluate, the environmental impact of typical additives used in fracturing fluid. We note, however, that approximately 98% of the hydraulic fracturing fluids we use are made up of water and sand.
We minimize the use of water and dispose of it in a way that minimizes the impact to nearby surface water by disposing excess water and water that is produced back from the wells into approved disposal or injection wells. We currently do not discharge water to the surface. We intend to investigate the possibility of utilizing produced formation water or the fracturing fluid that is produced back from wells for use in hydraulic fracturing. However, the technology for treating these fluids for use in hydraulic fracturing is not readily available in our operating areas at this time.
We maintain insurance coverage against potential losses that we believe is customary in the industry. We currently maintain general liability insurance and excess liability insurance with limits of $1 million and $25 million per occurrence, respectively, and $2 million and $25 million in the aggregate, respectively. There is no deductible for our general liability insurance or our excess liability insurance. Our general liability insurance covers us for, among other things, legal and contractual liabilities arising out of property damage and bodily injury, for sudden or accidental pollution liability. Our excess liability insurance is in addition to and triggered if the general liability insurance policy limits are exceeded. In addition, we maintain control of well insurance with per occurrence limits ranging from $3 million to $7.5 million and retentions ranging from $100,000 to $150,000. Our control of well policy insures us for blowout risks associated with drilling, completing and operating our wells, including above ground pollution.
We do not currently have any insurance policies in effect that are intended to provide coverage for losses solely related to our hydraulic fracturing operations. However, we believe our general liability and excess liability insurance policies would cover third-party claims for property damage and bodily injury related to our hydraulic fracturing operations in accordance with, and subject to, the terms of such policies. These policies may not cover fines, penalties or costs and expenses related to government-mandated clean up of pollution. In addition, these policies do not provide coverage for all liabilities, and we cannot assure you that the insurance coverage will be adequate to cover claims that may arise, or that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance at rates we consider reasonable. A loss not fully covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Environmental Matters and Regulation
General
Our operations are subject to stringent and complex federal, state and local laws and regulations governing environmental protection as well as the discharge of materials into the environment. These laws and regulations may, among other things:
· require the acquisition of permits to conduct exploration, drilling and production operations;
· restrict the types, quantities and concentration of various substances that can be released into the environment or injected into formations in connection with oil and natural gas drilling and production activities;
· limit or prohibit drilling activities on certain lands lying within wilderness, wetlands and other protected areas;
· require investigatory and remedial measures to mitigate pollution from former and ongoing operations, such as requirements to close pits and plug abandoned wells; and
· impose substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from drilling and production operations.
Any failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of administrative, civil, and criminal penalties, the imposition of corrective or remedial obligations, and the issuance of orders enjoining performance of some or all of our operations. Certain environmental statutes impose strict joint and several liability
for costs required to clean up and restore sites where substances, hydrocarbons or wastes have been disposed or otherwise released. Moreover, it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances, hydrocarbons or other waste products into the environment.
These laws and regulations may also restrict the rate of oil and natural gas production below the rate that would otherwise be possible. The regulatory burden on the oil and natural gas industry increases the cost of doing business in the industry and consequently affects profitability. Additionally, Congress and federal and state agencies frequently revise environmental laws and regulations, and any changes that result in more stringent and costly waste handling, disposal and cleanup requirements for the oil and natural gas industry could have a significant impact on our operating costs.
The trend in environmental regulation is to place more restrictions and limitations on activities that may affect the environment, and thus any changes in environmental laws and regulations or re-interpretation of enforcement policies that result in more stringent and costly waste handling, storage, transport, disposal, or remediation requirements could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. We may be unable to pass on such increased compliance costs to our customers. Moreover, accidental releases or spills may occur in the course of our operations, and we cannot assure you that we will not incur significant costs and liabilities as a result of such releases or spills, including any third-party claims for damage to property, natural resources or persons. While we believe that we are in substantial compliance with existing environmental laws and regulations and that continued compliance with existing requirements will not materially affect us, we can give no assurance that we will continue to be in compliance or that future compliance requirements will not become overly burdensome in the future.
The following is a summary of the more significant existing environmental, health and safety laws and regulations to which our business operations are subject and for which compliance may have a material adverse impact on our capital expenditures, results of operations or financial position.
Hazardous Substances and Waste
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended, or RCRA, and comparable state statutes and their implementing regulations, regulate the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, disposal and cleanup of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Under the auspices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, most states administer some or all of the provisions of RCRA, sometimes in conjunction with their own, more stringent requirements. Federal and state regulatory agencies can seek to impose administrative, civil and criminal penalties for alleged noncompliance with RCRA and analogous state requirements. Drilling fluids, produced waters, and most of the other wastes associated with the exploration, development, and production of oil or natural gas, if properly handled, are exempt from regulation as hazardous waste under Subtitle C of RCRA. These wastes, instead, are regulated under RCRAs less stringent solid waste provisions, state laws or other federal laws. However, it is possible that certain oil and natural gas exploration, development and production wastes now classified as non-hazardous could be classified as hazardous wastes in the future. Any such change could result in an increase in our costs to manage and dispose of wastes, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, as amended, or CERCLA, also known as the Superfund law, and comparable state laws impose liability, without regard to fault or legality of conduct, on classes of persons considered to be responsible for the release of a hazardous substance into the environment. These persons include the current and past owner or operator of the site where the release occurred, and anyone who disposed or arranged for the disposal of a hazardous substance released at the site. Under CERCLA, such persons may be subject to joint and several, strict liability for the costs of cleaning up the hazardous substances that have been released into the environment, for damages to natural resources and for the costs of certain health studies. In addition, neighboring landowners and other third-parties may file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the hazardous substances released into the environment. Despite the petroleum exclusion under CERCLA, we may generate materials in the course of our operations that may be regulated as hazardous substances.
We currently own, lease, or operate numerous properties that have been used for oil and natural gas exploration, production and processing for many years. Although we believe that we have utilized operating and waste disposal practices that were standard in the industry at the time, hazardous substances, wastes, or hydrocarbons may have been released on, under or from the properties owned or leased by us, or on, under or from other locations, including off-site locations, where such substances have been taken for disposal. In addition, some of our properties have been operated by third parties or by previous owners or operators whose treatment and disposal of hazardous substances, wastes, or hydrocarbons was not under our control. These properties and the substances disposed or released on, under or from them may be subject to CERCLA, RCRA, and analogous state laws. Under such laws, we could be required to undertake response or corrective measures, which could include removal of previously disposed substances and wastes, cleanup of contaminated property or performance of remedial plugging or pit closure operations to prevent future contamination. We are not currently aware of any facts, events or conditions relating to such requirements that could materially impact our financial condition or results of operations.
Water Discharges
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, also known as the Clean Water Act, and analogous state laws, impose restrictions and strict controls with respect to the discharge of pollutants, including oil and hazardous substances, into waters of the United States. The discharge of pollutants into regulated waters is prohibited, except in accordance with the terms of a permit issued by the EPA or an analogous state agency. Federal and state regulatory agencies can impose administrative, civil and criminal penalties for non-compliance with discharge permits or other requirements of the Clean Water Act and analogous state laws and regulations. Spill prevention, control and countermeasure, or SPCC, plan requirements imposed under the Clean Water Act require appropriate containment berms and similar structures to help prevent the contamination of navigable waters in the event of a hydrocarbon tank spill, rupture or leak. In addition, the Clean Water Act and analogous state laws required individual permits or coverage under general permits for discharges of storm water runoff from certain types of facilities. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990, as amended, or OPA, amends the Clean Water Act and establishes strict liability and natural resource damages liability for unauthorized discharges of oil into waters of the United States. OPA requires owners or operators of certain onshore facilities to prepare Facility Response Plans for responding to a worst case discharge of oil into waters of the United States.
Hydraulic Fracturing Regulation. It is customary to recover natural gas from deep shale formations through the use of hydraulic fracturing, combined with sophisticated horizontal drilling. Hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of water, sand and chemical additives under pressure into rock formations to stimulate natural gas production. Hydraulic fracturing is also used to complete conventional vertical oil and gas wells. Due to public concerns raised regarding the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on groundwater quality, legislative and regulatory efforts at the federal level and as well as the state and local levels have been initiated to require or make more stringent the permitting and compliance requirements for hydraulic fracturing operations. The U.S. Congress has considered legislation to amend the Safe Drinking Water Act to repeal the exemption for hydraulic fracturing from the definition of underground injection and could require federal permitting and regulatory control of hydraulic fracturing, as well as legislative proposals to require disclosure of the chemical constituents of the fluids used in the fracturing process. Hydraulic fracturing using diesel fuels is not exempt under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the EPA has published proposed guidance for the permitting of such activities in May 2012. Members of Congress have also been investigating the activities of certain companies that provide hydraulic fracturing services. The EPA has commenced a multi-year study of the potential environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing activities, and issued an update on the study on December 20, 2012. On April 13, 2012, the Department of Interior, the Department of Energy and the EPA issued a memorandum outlining a multi-agency collaboration on unconventional oil and gas research in response to the White House Blueprint for a Secure Energy Future and the recommendations of the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board Subcommittee on Natural Gas. On October 21, 2011, the EPA also announced its intention to propose regulations by 2014 under the federal Clean Water Act to regulate wastewater discharges from hydraulic fracturing and other natural gas production. Several states have also proposed or adopted legislative or regulatory restrictions on hydraulic fracturing, including states in which we operate. For example, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas have recently adopted regulations which require disclosure of hydraulic fracturing fluids. Disclosure of chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process could make it easier for third parties opposing the hydraulic fracturing process to initiate legal proceedings based on allegations that specific chemicals used in the fracturing process could adversely affect groundwater. Adoption of legislation amending the Safe Drinking Water Act or of any implementing regulations placing restrictions on hydraulic fracturing activities could impose
operational delays, increased operating costs and additional regulatory burdens on our exploration and production activities, which could make it more difficult to perform hydraulic fracturing and increase our costs of compliance and doing business.
Air Emissions
The federal Clean Air Act, and comparable state laws, regulate emissions of various air pollutants through air emissions standards, construction and operating permitting programs and the imposition of other compliance requirements. These laws and regulations may require us to obtain pre-approval for the construction or modification of certain projects or facilities expected to produce or significantly increase air emissions, obtain and strictly comply with stringent air permit requirements or utilize specific equipment or technologies to control emissions. The need to obtain permits has the potential to delay the development of oil and natural gas projects. We may be required to incur certain capital expenditures in the next few years for air pollution control equipment or other air emissions-related issues. For example, on August 16, 2012, the EPA published four sets of new rules that imposed new standards for air emissions from oil and natural gas development and production operations, which may require us to incur additional expenses to control air emissions from current operations and during new well developments by installing emissions control technologies and adhering to a variety of work practice and other requirements. Texas is in the process of reviewing air permits that cover oil and gas exploration and production activities. Oklahoma proposed a Permit by Rule for minor facilities in the oil and natural gas sector in December 2012 as a result of the new federal rules. We do not believe that these requirements will have a material adverse effect on our operations.
Climate Change
Recent scientific studies have suggested that emissions of certain gases, commonly referred to as greenhouse gases and including carbon dioxide and methane, may be contributing to warming of the Earths atmosphere. International protocols, federal, state, local and regional requirements could affect our operations. For example, the EPA has begun to regulate greenhouse gas emissions beginning with high-volume greenhouse gas emitters.
On June 3, 2010, the EPA published its final rule to address the permitting of GHG emissions from stationary sources under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration, or PSD, and Title V permitting programs. This rule tailors these permitting programs to apply to certain stationary sources of GHG emissions in a multi-step process, with the largest sources first subject to permitting. EPA has determined that facilities that are required to obtain PSD permits for their GHG emissions also will be required to reduce those emissions according to best available control technology standards for GHG that have yet to be developed. In addition, in October 2009, the EPA published a final rule requiring the reporting of GHG emissions from specified large GHG emission sources in the U.S. beginning in 2011 for emissions occurring in 2010. In November 2010, the EPA issued final rules that expand this GHG reporting rule to include onshore oil and natural gas production, processing, transmission, storage, and distribution facilities. Reporting of GHG emissions from such facilities is required on an annual basis, with reporting beginning in 2012 for emissions occurring in 2011.
In addition, both houses of Congress have actively considered legislation to reduce emissions of GHGs, and almost one-half of the states have already taken legal measures to reduce emissions of GHGs, primarily through the planned development of GHG emission inventories and/or regional GHG cap and trade programs. Most of these cap and trade programs work by requiring either major sources of emissions or major producers of fuels to acquire and surrender emission allowances, with the number of allowances available for purchase reduced each year until the overall GHG emission reduction goal is achieved. Because regulation of GHG emissions is relatively new, further regulatory, legislative and judicial developments are likely to occur especially in light of the Presidents recent statements in support of measures that will reduce GHG emissions. Such developments may affect how these GHG initiatives will impact us. In addition to these regulatory developments, judicial decisions related to certain tort claims alleging property damage may increase our litigation risk for such claims. The U.S. Supreme Court recently ruled that such actions were preempted under federal law and actions at the state level have been dismissed. The adoption of any legislation or regulations that requires reporting of GHGs or otherwise limits emissions of GHGs from our equipment and operations could require us to incur costs to monitor and report on GHG emissions or reduce emissions of GHGs associated with our operations, and such requirements also could adversely affect demand for the oil and natural gas that we produce.
Legislation or regulations that may be adopted to address climate change could also affect the markets for our products by making our products more or less desirable than competing sources of energy. To the extent that our products are competing with higher greenhouse gas emitting energy sources such as coal, our products would become more desirable in the market with more stringent limitations on greenhouse gas emissions. To the extent that our products are competing with lower greenhouse gas emitting energy sources such as solar and wind, our products would become less desirable in the market with more stringent limitations on greenhouse gas emissions. We cannot predict with any certainty at this time how these possibilities may affect our operations.
Finally, it should be noted that some scientists have concluded that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the Earths atmosphere may produce climate changes that have significant physical effects, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, droughts, and floods and other climatic events. If any such effects were to occur in an area where we operate, they could have an adverse effect on our assets and operations.
National Environmental Policy Act
Oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activities on federal lands are subject to the National Environmental Policy Act, as amended, or NEPA. NEPA requires federal agencies, including the Department of Interior, to evaluate major agency actions having the potential to significantly impact the environment. In the course of such evaluations, an agency will prepare an Environmental Assessment that assesses the potential direct, indirect and cumulative impacts of a proposed project and, if necessary, will prepare a more detailed Environmental Impact Statement that may be made available for public review and comment. Currently, we have production activities on federal lands. Governmental permits or authorizations that are subject to the requirements of NEPA are required for our current activities and any future or proposed development plans on federal lands. This process has the potential to delay the development of oil and natural gas projects in these areas.
Endangered Species Act
Additionally, environmental laws such as the Endangered Species Act, as amended, or ESA, may impact exploration, development and production activities on public or private lands. ESA provides broad protection for species of fish, wildlife and plants that are listed as threatened or endangered in the U.S. and prohibits taking of endangered species. Federal agencies are required to ensure that any action authorized, funded or carried out by them is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of listed species or modify their critical habitat. While some of our facilities may be located in areas that are designated as habitat for endangered or threatened species, we believe that we are in substantial compliance with ESA. However, the designation of additional endangered or threatened species could cause us to incur additional costs or become subject to operating restrictions or bans in the affected areas.
OSHA
We are subject to the requirements of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act, as amended, or OSHA, and comparable state statutes whose purpose is to protect the health and safety of workers. In addition, the OSHA hazard communication standard, the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act and implementing regulations, and similar state statutes and regulations require that we organize and/or disclose information about hazardous materials used or produced in our operations and that this information be provided to employees, state and local governmental authorities and citizens. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with all applicable laws and regulations relating to worker health and safety.
Other Regulation of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry
The oil and natural gas industry is extensively regulated by numerous federal, state and local authorities. Legislation affecting the oil and natural gas industry is under constant review for amendment or expansion, frequently increasing the regulatory burden. Additionally, numerous departments and agencies, both federal and state, are authorized by statute to issue rules and regulations that are binding on the oil and natural gas industry and its individual members, some of which carry substantial penalties for failure to comply. Although the regulatory burden on the oil and natural gas industry increases our cost of doing business and, consequently, affects our
profitability, these burdens generally do not affect us any differently or to any greater or lesser extent than they affect other companies in the oil and natural gas industry with similar types, quantities and locations of production.
Legislation continues to be introduced in Congress, and the development of regulations continues in the Department of Homeland Security and other agencies concerning the security of industrial facilities, including oil and natural gas facilities. Our operations may be subject to such laws and regulations. Presently, we do not believe that compliance with these laws will have a material adverse impact on our assets and operations.
Drilling and Production
Our operations are subject to various types of regulation at federal, state and local levels. These types of regulation include requiring permits for the drilling of wells, drilling bonds and reports concerning operations. Most states, and some counties and municipalities, in which we operate also regulate one or more of the following:
· the location of wells;
· the method of drilling and casing wells;
· the surface use and restoration of properties upon which wells are drilled;
· the plugging and abandoning of wells; and
· notice to surface owners and other third parties.
State laws regulate the size and shape of drilling and spacing units or proration units governing the pooling of oil and natural gas properties. Some states allow forced pooling or integration of tracts to facilitate exploration, while other states rely on voluntary pooling of lands and leases. In some instances, forced pooling or unitization may be implemented by third parties and may reduce our interest in the unitized properties. In addition, state conservation laws establish maximum rates of production from oil and natural gas wells, generally prohibit the venting or flaring of natural gas and impose requirements regarding the ratability of production. These laws and regulations may limit the amount of oil and natural gas we can produce from our wells or limit the number of wells or the locations at which we can drill. Moreover, each state generally imposes a production or severance tax with respect to the production and sale of oil, natural gas and NGLs within its jurisdiction.
Natural Gas and Oil Regulation
The availability, terms and cost of transportation significantly affect sales of natural gas. The interstate transportation and sale for resale of natural gas is subject to federal regulation, including regulation of the terms, conditions and rates for interstate transportation, storage and various other matters, primarily by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, or FERC. Federal and state regulations govern the price and terms for access to natural gas pipeline transportation. The FERCs regulation of interstate natural gas transmission in some circumstances may also affect the intrastate transportation of natural gas.
Although natural gas prices are currently unregulated, Congress historically has been active in the area of natural gas regulation. We cannot predict whether new legislation to regulate natural gas might be proposed, what proposals, if any, might actually be enacted by Congress or the various state legislatures, and what effect, if any, the proposals might have on the operations of our properties.
Sales of crude oil, condensate and NGLs are not currently regulated and are made at market prices. However, Congress could reenact price controls in the future. Sales of crude oil are affected by the availability, terms and cost of transportation. The FERC also regulates interstate oil pipeline transportation rates.
State Regulation. The various states in which we own and operate properties regulate the drilling for, and the production, gathering and sale of, oil and natural gas, including imposing severance taxes and requirements for obtaining drilling permits. States may regulate rates of production and may establish maximum daily production allowables from natural gas wells based on market demand or resource conservation, or both. States do not regulate wellhead prices or engage in other similar direct economic regulation, but there can be no assurance that they will not do so in the future. The effect of these regulations may be to limit the amount of natural gas that may be produced from our wells and to limit the number of wells or locations we can drill.
The petroleum industry is also subject to compliance with various other federal, state and local regulations and laws. Some of those laws relate to resource conservation and equal employment opportunity. We do not believe that compliance with these laws will have a material adverse effect on our assets and operations.
Employees
Our general partner has sole responsibility for conducting our business and for managing our operations. However, neither we, our general partner nor our operating subsidiary have any employees. We are party to a services agreement with Lime Rock Management and ServCo pursuant to which management, administrative and operational services are provided to our general partner and us to manage and operate our business.
As of December 31, 2012, ServCo had 102 employees, including nine engineers, three geologists and nine land professionals, who provide services to Lime Rock Resources and us. As of December 31, 2012, Lime Rock Management had 27 employees that provided services to both Lime Rock Resources and us, and had one employee that provided services exclusively to us. Each of ServCo and Lime Rock Management has an agreement with Insperity PEO Services, L.P., a professional employer organization, pursuant to which Insperity provides them with full service human resources services in exchange for a service fee. As a result, all of the employees who will provide services to us are co-employees of Insperity. None of these employees are represented by labor unions or covered by any collective bargaining agreement. We believe that relations between ServCo and Lime Rock Management and their employees are satisfactory. We also contract for the services of independent consultants involved in land, engineering, regulatory, accounting, legal, financial and other disciplines as needed.
Offices
Lime Rock Management currently leases approximately 42,600 square feet of office space in Houston, Texas at 1111 Bagby Street, Suite 4600, Houston, Texas 77002. Lime Rock Management allocates a portion of its lease expense to us for our proportionate share of the cost of the office space. The leases expire on or before December 31, 2015.
Available Information
We make available free of charge on our website, www.lrrenergy.com, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such information with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
The information on our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or incorporated into any of our other filings with the SEC. These documents are also available on the SECs website at www.sec.gov, or you may read and copy any materials that we file with or furnish to the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20549.
Disclosure Pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012
Lime Rock Partners V, L.P. (Fund V) owns a minority interest in ITS Tubular Services (Holdings) Limited, a UK company (ITS), and has the right to designate two members to the board of directors of ITS. ITS may be deemed to be under common control with LRE, but this statement is not meant to be an admission that common control exists. As a result, LRE is providing the disclosure below pursuant to Section 219 of the new Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 and Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. LRE has no involvement in or control over the activities of ITS or any of its subsidiaries. The disclosure relates solely to activities conducted by ITS and its non-U.S. subsidiaries, does not relate to any activities conducted by LRE or Fund V, and does not involve LREs or Fund Vs management. Neither LRE nor Fund V is representing to the accuracy or completeness of such information and undertakes no obligation to correct or update this information.
In 2012, ITS through its indirect non-U.S. subsidiaries International Tubulars FZE and International Tubular Services Kish Company may have engaged in transactions or dealings with an entity or entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Government of Iran by providing equipment and related services pursuant to contracts in Iran. Fund V is not aware of gross revenues and net profits, if any, attributable to that activity. Fund V has been informed by ITS that ITS subsidiaries have stopped supplying equipment and related services into Iran and are winding down all operations related to Iran.
Risks Related to Our Business
We may not have sufficient cash to pay the minimum quarterly distribution on our units following the establishment of cash reserves and payment of expenses, including payments to our general partner.
We may not have sufficient available cash each quarter to pay the minimum quarterly distribution of $0.4750 per unit (or $10.7 million per quarter in the aggregate), or any distribution at all, on our units. Under the terms of our partnership agreement, the amount of cash available for distribution will be reduced by our operating expenses and the amount of any cash reserves established by our general partner to provide for future operations, future capital expenditures, including development of our oil and gas properties, future debt service requirements and future cash distributions to our unitholders. The amount of cash we distribute on our units principally depends on the cash we generate from operations, which depends on, among other things:
· the amount of oil, NGLs and natural gas we produce and sell;
· the prices at which we sell our oil, NGL and natural gas production;
· the amount and timing of settlements on our commodity and interest rate derivatives;
· the level of our capital expenditures;
· the level of our operating costs, including development costs and payments to our general partner; and
· the level of our interest expense, which depends on the amount of our indebtedness and the interest payable thereon.
Unless we replace the oil and natural gas reserves we produce, our revenues and production will decline, which would adversely affect our cash flow from operations and our ability to make distributions to our unitholders.
We may be unable to sustain our minimum quarterly distribution without substantial capital expenditures that maintain our asset base. Producing oil and natural gas reservoirs are characterized by declining production rates that vary depending upon reservoir characteristics and other factors. Our future oil and natural gas reserves and production and therefore our cash flow and ability to make distributions are highly dependent on our success in efficiently developing and exploiting our current reserves. Our production decline rates may be significantly higher than currently estimated if our wells do not produce as expected. Further, our decline rate may change when we drill additional wells or make acquisitions. We may not be able to develop, find or acquire additional reserves to replace our current and future production at economically acceptable terms, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and reduce cash available for distribution to our unitholders.
Our development operations require substantial capital expenditures, which will reduce our cash available for distribution and could materially affect our ability to make distributions to our unitholders.
The development and production of our oil and natural gas reserves requires substantial capital expenditures, which will reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our unitholders. Further, if the borrowing base under our credit facility or our revenues decrease as a result of lower oil or natural gas prices, we may not be able to obtain the capital necessary to sustain our operations at the expected levels necessary to generate an amount of cash sufficient to make distributions to our unitholders.
A decline in oil, natural gas or NGL prices will cause a decline in our cash flow from operations, which could cause us to reduce our distributions or cease paying distributions altogether.
Lower oil and natural gas prices may decrease our revenues and thus cash available for distribution to our unitholders. Historically, oil and natural gas prices have been extremely volatile. For example, for the five years ended December 31, 2012, the NYMEX-WTI oil price ranged from a high of $145.29 per Bbl to a low of $31.41 per Bbl, while the NYMEX-Henry Hub natural gas price ranged from a high of $13.31 per MMBtu to a low of $1.84 per MMBtu. As of March 8, 2013, the NYMEX-WTI oil spot price was $91.95 per Bbl and the NYMEX-Henry Hub natural gas spot price was $3.58 per MMBtu. A significant decrease in commodity prices may cause us to reduce the distributions we pay to our unitholders, or we may cease paying distributions.
If commodity prices decline and remain depressed for a prolonged period, a significant portion of our development projects may become uneconomic and cause write downs of the value of our oil and natural gas properties, which may adversely affect our financial condition and our ability to make distributions to our unitholders.
Significantly lower oil and natural gas prices may render many of our development and production projects uneconomical and result in a downward adjustment of our reserve estimates, which would negatively impact our borrowing base and ability to fund our operations. As a result, we may reduce the amount of distributions paid to our unitholders or cease paying distributions.
Further, deteriorating commodity prices may cause us to recognize impairments in the value of our oil and natural gas properties. In addition, if our estimates of development costs increase, production data factors change or drilling results deteriorate, accounting rules may require us to write down, as a non-cash charge to earnings, the
carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties for impairments. We may incur impairment charges in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period taken and our ability to borrow funds under our credit facility to pay distributions to our unitholders.
An increase in the differential between the NYMEX or other benchmark prices of oil and natural gas and the wellhead price we receive for our production could significantly reduce our cash available for distribution and adversely affect our financial condition.
The hedged prices that we receive for our oil and natural gas production often reflect a regional discount based on the location of production to the relevant benchmark prices used for calculating hedge positions, such as NYMEX. These discounts, if significant, could reduce our cash available for distribution to our unitholders and adversely affect our financial condition.
Our hedging strategy may be ineffective in removing the impact of commodity price volatility from our cash flows, which could result in financial losses or could reduce our income, which may adversely affect our ability to pay distributions to our unitholders.
Our hedging strategy is to enter into commodity derivative contracts covering approximately 65% to 85% of our estimated production from total proved developed producing reserves over any subsequent three-to-five year period. The prices at which we enter into commodity derivative contracts covering our production in the future will be dependent upon oil and natural gas prices at the time we enter into these transactions, which may be substantially higher or lower than current oil and natural gas prices. Accordingly, our price hedging strategy may not protect us from significant declines in oil and natural gas prices received for our future production.
Our hedging activities could result in cash losses, could reduce our cash available for distributions and may limit potential gains.
Many of our derivative contracts require us to make cash payments to the extent the applicable index exceeds a predetermined price, thereby limiting our ability to realize the benefit of increases in oil and natural gas prices. If our actual production and sales for any period are less than our hedged production and sales for that period (including reductions in production due to operational delays) or if we are unable to perform our drilling activities as planned, we might be forced to satisfy all or a portion of our hedging obligations without the benefit of the cash flow from our sale of the underlying physical commodity, which may materially impact our liquidity.
Our hedging transactions expose us to counterparty credit risk.
Our hedging transactions expose us to risk of financial loss if a counterparty fails to perform under a derivative contract. Disruptions in the financial markets could lead to sudden decreases in a counterpartys liquidity, which could make them unable to perform under the terms of the derivative contract and we may not be able to realize the benefit of the derivative contract.
Our estimated proved reserves and future production rates are based on many assumptions that may prove to be inaccurate. Any material inaccuracies in these reserve estimates or underlying assumptions will materially affect the quantities and present value of our estimated reserves.
It is not possible to measure underground accumulations of oil or natural gas in an exact way. Oil and natural gas reserve engineering is complex, requiring subjective estimates of underground accumulations of oil and natural gas and assumptions concerning future oil and natural gas prices, future production levels and operating and development costs. As a result, estimated quantities of proved reserves and projections of future production rates and the timing of development expenditures may prove to be inaccurate. For example, if the prices used in our December 31, 2012 reserve reports had been $10.00 less per barrel for oil and $1.00 less per MMBtu for natural gas, then the standardized measure of our estimated proved reserves as of that date would have decreased by $84.6 million, from $325.2 million to $240.6 million.
Any material inaccuracies in these reserve estimates or underlying assumptions will materially affect the quantities and present value of our reserves which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and our ability to make cash distributions to our unitholders.
The standardized measure of our estimated proved reserves is not necessarily the same as the current market value of our estimated proved oil and natural gas reserves.
The present value of future net cash flows from our proved reserves, or standardized measure, may not be the current market value of our estimated natural gas and oil reserves. In accordance with SEC requirements, we base the estimated discounted future net cash flows from our proved reserves on the 12-month average oil and gas index prices, calculated as the unweighted arithmetic average for the first-day-of-the-month price for each month and costs in effect on the date of the estimate, holding the prices and costs constant throughout the life of the properties. Actual future prices and costs may differ materially from those used in the net present value estimate, and future net present value estimates using then current prices and costs may be significantly less than the current estimate. In addition, the 10% discount factor we use when calculating discounted future net cash flows for reporting requirements in compliance with the FASB in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 932 may not be the most appropriate discount factor based on interest rates in effect from time to time and risks associated with us or the oil and natural gas industry in general.
Developing and producing oil and natural gas are costly and high-risk activities with many uncertainties that could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations and, as a result, our ability to pay distributions to our unitholders.
Our drilling activities are subject to many risks, including the risk that we will not discover commercially productive reservoirs. Drilling for oil and natural gas can be uneconomic, not only from dry holes, but also from productive wells that do not produce sufficient revenues to be commercially viable. Furthermore, our development and producing operations may be curtailed, delayed or canceled as a result of other factors, including:
· high costs, shortages or delivery delays of rigs, equipment, labor or other services;
· unexpected operational events and conditions;
· adverse weather conditions and natural disasters;
· facility or equipment malfunctions, including pipe or cement failures, casing collapses or other downhole failures;
· environmental hazards, such as natural gas leaks, oil spills, pipeline and tank ruptures, discharge of toxic gas or other pollutants into the surface or subsurface environment;
· unusual or unexpected geological formations and pressure or irregularities in formations;
· loss of drilling fluid circulation;
· fires, blowouts, surface craterings and explosions;
· title problems; and
· uncontrollable flows of oil, natural gas or well fluids.
If any of these factors were to occur with respect to a particular field, we could lose all or a part of our investment in the field, or we could fail to realize the expected benefits from the field, either of which could materially and adversely affect our revenue and cash available for distribution to our unitholders.
Our expectations for future drilling activities are scheduled over several years, making them susceptible to uncertainties that could materially alter the occurrence or timing of such activities.
We have identified and scheduled drilling locations as an estimation of our multi-year drilling activities on our acreage. These identified drilling locations represent a significant part of our growth strategy. Our ability to drill and develop these locations depends on a number of factors, including the availability of capital, seasonal conditions, regulatory approvals, negotiation of agreements with third parties, commodity prices, costs, the generation of additional seismic or geological information, the availability of drilling rigs and drilling results. Because of these uncertainties, there may be significant delays in timing or we may realize lower than anticipated amounts of estimated proved reserves. Our actual drilling and enhanced recovery activities may materially differ from our
current expectations, which could have a significant adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations and as a result, ability to make cash distributions to our unitholders.
Shortages of rigs, equipment and crews could delay our operations and reduce our cash available for distribution to our unitholders.
Higher oil and natural gas prices generally increase the demand for rigs, equipment and crews and can lead to shortages of, and increasing costs for, development equipment, services and personnel. Shortages of, or increasing costs for, experienced development crews and oil field equipment and services could restrict our ability to drill the wells and conduct the operations that we currently have planned. Any delay in the development of new wells or a significant increase in development costs could reduce our revenues and reduce our cash available for distribution to our unitholders.
If we do not make acquisitions on economically acceptable terms, our future growth and ability to pay or increase distributions will be limited.
Our ability to grow and to increase distributions to our unitholders depends in part on our ability to make acquisitions that result in an increase in available cash per unit. We may be unable to make such acquisitions because we are:
· unable to identify attractive acquisition candidates or negotiate acceptable purchase contracts with their owners;
· unable to obtain financing for these acquisitions on economically acceptable terms; or
· outbid by competitors.
If we are unable to acquire properties containing estimated proved reserves, our total level of estimated proved reserves will decline as a result of our production, and we will be limited in our ability to increase or possibly even to maintain our level of cash distributions to our unitholders.
Any acquisitions we complete are subject to substantial risks that could reduce our ability to make distributions to unitholders.
One of our growth strategies is to capitalize on opportunistic acquisitions of oil and gas reserves. Even if we do make acquisitions that we believe will increase available cash per unit, these acquisitions may nevertheless result in a decrease in available cash per unit. Any acquisition involves potential risks, including, among other things:
· the validity of our assumptions about estimated proved reserves, future production, commodity prices, revenues, capital expenditures, operating expenses and costs;
· an inability to successfully integrate the assets we acquire;
· an inability to obtain satisfactory title to the assets we acquire;
· a decrease in our liquidity by using a significant portion of our available cash or borrowing capacity to finance acquisitions;
· a significant increase in our interest expense or financial leverage if we incur additional debt to finance acquisitions;
· the assumption of unknown liabilities, losses or costs for which we are not indemnified or for which our indemnity is inadequate;
· the diversion of managements attention from other business concerns;
· an inability to hire, train or retain qualified personnel to manage and operate our growing assets; and
· the occurrence of other significant changes, such as impairment of oil and natural gas properties, goodwill or other intangible assets, asset devaluation or restructuring charges.
Our decision to acquire a property will depend in part on the evaluation of data obtained from production reports and engineering studies, geophysical and geological analyses and seismic data and other information, the results of which are often inconclusive and subject to various interpretations.
Also, our reviews of acquired properties are inherently incomplete because it generally is not feasible to perform an in-depth review of the individual properties involved in each acquisition, given time constraints imposed by sellers. Even a detailed review of records and properties may not necessarily reveal existing or potential problems, nor will it permit a buyer to become sufficiently familiar with the properties to assess fully their deficiencies and potential. Inspections may not always be performed on every well, and environmental problems, such as groundwater contamination, are not necessarily observable even when an inspection is undertaken.
Adverse developments in our operating areas would reduce our ability to make distributions to our unitholders.
We only own oil and natural gas properties and related assets, all of which are located in New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. An adverse development in the oil and natural gas business of these geographic areas could have an impact on our results of operations and cash available for distribution to our unitholders.
We may be unable to compete effectively with larger companies, which may adversely affect our ability to generate sufficient revenue to allow us to pay distributions to our unitholders.
The oil and natural gas industry is intensely competitive and we compete with companies that possess and employ financial, technical and personnel resources substantially greater than ours. Our ability to acquire additional properties and to discover reserves in the future will depend on our ability to evaluate and select suitable properties and to consummate transactions in a highly competitive environment. Many of our larger competitors not only drill for and produce oil and natural gas but also carry on refining operations and market petroleum and other products on a regional, national or worldwide basis. These companies may be able to pay more for oil and natural gas properties and evaluate, bid for and purchase a greater number of properties than our financial, technical or personnel resources permit. In addition, there is substantial competition for investment capital in the oil and natural gas industry. These larger companies may have a greater ability to continue development activities during periods of low oil and natural gas prices and to absorb the burden of present and future federal, state, local and other laws and regulations. Our inability to compete effectively with larger companies could have a material adverse impact on our business activities, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our unitholders.
We may incur additional debt to enable us to pay our quarterly distributions, which may negatively affect our ability to pay future distributions or execute our business plan.
We may be unable to pay the minimum quarterly distribution without borrowing under our credit facility. If we use borrowings under our credit facility to pay distributions to our unitholders for an extended period of time rather than to fund capital expenditures and other activities relating to our operations, we may be unable to maintain or grow our business. Such a curtailment of our business activities, combined with our payment of principal and interest on our future indebtedness to pay these distributions, will reduce our cash available for distribution on our units and will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we borrow to pay distributions to our unitholders during periods of low commodity prices and commodity prices remain low, we may have to reduce our distribution to our unitholders to avoid excessive leverage.
Our credit facility and term loan have restrictions and financial covenants that may restrict our business and financing activities and our ability to pay distributions to our unitholders.
Our credit facility and term loan restrict, among other things, our ability to incur debt and pay distributions, and require us to comply with customary financial covenants and specified financial ratios. If market or other economic conditions deteriorate, our ability to comply with these covenants may be impaired. If we violate any provisions of our credit facility or term loan that are not cured or waived within the specified time periods, a significant portion of our indebtedness may become immediately due and payable and we will be prohibited from making distributions to our unitholders. We might not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient funds to make these accelerated payments. In addition, our obligations under our credit facility and term loan are secured by substantially all of our assets, and if we are unable to repay our indebtedness under our credit facility or term loan, the lenders could seek to foreclose on our assets.
Our credit facility allows us to borrow up to the borrowing base, which is primarily based on the estimated
future value of our oil and natural gas properties and our commodity derivative contracts as determined semi-annually by our lenders in their sole discretion. The borrowing base is redetermined by our lenders twice each year based on an engineering report with respect to our estimated reserves, based on commodity prices as of such date, as adjusted for the impact of our commodity derivative contracts. A future decline in commodity prices could result in a redetermination that lowers our borrowing base in the future and, in such case, we could be required to repay any indebtedness in excess of the borrowing base. If we are unable to repay any borrowings in excess of a decreased borrowing base, we would be in default and no longer able to make any distributions to our unitholders.
Our business depends in part on pipelines, transportation and gathering systems and processing facilities owned by others. Any limitation in the availability of those facilities could interfere with our ability to market our oil and natural gas production and could harm our business.
The marketability of our oil, NGL and natural gas production depends in part on the availability, proximity and capacity of pipelines and other transportation methods, such as trucks, gathering systems and processing facilities owned by third parties. The amount of oil, NGLs and natural gas that can be produced and sold is subject to curtailment in certain circumstances, such as pipeline interruptions due to scheduled and unscheduled maintenance, excessive pressure, physical damage or lack of contracted capacity on such systems. Also, the transfer of our oil and natural gas on third-party pipelines may be curtailed or delayed if it does not meet the quality specifications of the pipeline owners. Our access to transportation options, including trucks owned by third parties, can also be affected by U.S. federal and state regulation of oil and natural gas production and transportation, general economic conditions and changes in supply and demand. The curtailments arising from these and similar circumstances may last from a few days to several months. In many cases, we are provided only with limited, if any, notice as to when these circumstances will arise and their duration. Any significant curtailment in gathering system or transportation or processing facility capacity could reduce our ability to market our oil and natural gas production and harm our business.
We are subject to complex federal, state, local and other laws and regulations that could adversely affect the cost, manner or feasibility of conducting our operations.
Our oil and natural gas production operations are subject to complex and stringent laws and regulations. To conduct our operations in compliance with these laws and regulations, we must obtain and maintain numerous permits, approvals and certificates from various federal, state and local governmental authorities. We may incur substantial costs in order to maintain compliance with these existing laws and regulations. In addition, our costs of compliance may increase if existing laws and regulations are revised or reinterpreted, or if new laws and regulations become applicable to our operations.
Our business is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations as interpreted and enforced by governmental authorities possessing jurisdiction over various aspects of oil and natural gas production. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations, as interpreted and enforced, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our unitholders.
Climate change legislation, regulatory initiatives and litigation could result in increased operating costs and reduced demand for the oil and natural gas that we produce.
International protocols, federal, regional, state and local laws and regulations relating to climate change and greenhouse gases could cause our operating costs to increase. The EPA is reviewing mechanisms to adopt regulations that would restrict emissions of greenhouse gases under existing provisions of the federal Clean Air Act beginning with large emitters. The EPA issued final rules requiring the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from specified large greenhouse gas emission sources in the United States beginning in 2011 for emissions occurring in 2010. On November 30, 2010, the EPA published mandatory reporting rules for oil and gas systems requiring reporting starting in 2012 for emissions in 2011. The adoption and implementation of any regulations imposing reporting obligations on, or limiting emissions of greenhouse gases from, our equipment and operations could require us to incur costs to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases associated with our operations or could adversely affect demand for the oil, natural gas and NGL that we produce.
Any future federal laws or implementing regulations that may be adopted to address greenhouse gas emissions
could require us to incur increased operating costs and could adversely affect demand for the oil, natural gas and NGLs that we produce.
Our operations are subject to environmental and operational safety laws and regulations that may expose us to significant costs and liabilities.
We may incur significant costs and liabilities as a result of environmental and safety requirements applicable to our oil and natural gas exploration and production activities. These costs and liabilities could arise under a wide range of federal, state and local environmental and safety laws and regulations, including regulations and enforcement policies, which have tended to become increasingly strict over time. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of administrative, civil and criminal penalties, imposition of cleanup and site restoration costs and liens, and to a lesser extent, issuance of injunctions to limit or cease operations. In addition, claims for damages to persons or property may result from environmental and other impacts of our operations.
Strict, joint and several liability may be imposed under certain environmental laws, which could cause us to become liable for the conduct of others or for consequences of our own actions that were in compliance with all applicable laws at the time those actions were taken. New laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be more stringent and impose unforeseen liabilities or significantly increase compliance costs. If we were not able to recover the resulting costs through insurance or increased revenues, our ability to make cash distributions to our unitholders could be adversely affected.
The third parties on whom we rely for gathering and transportation services are subject to complex federal, state and other laws that could adversely affect the cost, manner or feasibility of conducting our business.
The operations of the third parties on whom we rely for gathering and transportation services are subject to complex and stringent laws and regulations that require obtaining and maintaining numerous permits, approvals and certifications from various federal, state and local government authorities. These third parties may incur substantial costs in order to comply with existing laws and regulation. If existing laws and regulations governing such third party services are revised or reinterpreted, or if new laws and regulations become applicable to their operations, these changes may affect the costs that we pay for such services. Similarly, a failure to comply with such laws and regulations by the third parties on whom we rely could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our unitholders.
The derivatives provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act, and related rules adopted and to be adopted by federal regulators could adversely affect our ability to use derivatives to mitigate the commodity price, interest rate and other risks associated with our business.
The Dodd-Frank Act has created a new regulatory framework for derivative transactions (generally referred to as swaps), including oil and gas hedging transactions and interest rate swaps. The Commodity Futures and Trading Commission, or the CFTC, federal banking regulators and the SEC have adopted and are adopting rules to implement the new law. Under the new law, parties to swaps of types designated by the CFTC for clearing on a derivatives clearing organization may have to clear those swaps and, in certain instances, execute trades in those swaps on other facilities. We would have to post collateral in connection with any swaps, including commodities swaps, that we must clear. The new law provides an exception from its clearing and trade execution requirements for swaps entered into by persons that are not financial entities (as defined in the new law) to hedge or mitigate their commercial risks. We intend to elect that exception for our swaps whenever possible. If we were characterized as a financial entity, however, we would be ineligible to elect that exception for the swaps we enter into. In that circumstance our ability to execute our hedging program efficiently could be adversely affected. Even if we are able to take advantage of the exception for persons that are not financial entities, the CFTC and banking regulators are in the process of adopting rules that will impose margin requirements for non-cleared swaps and that might require us to post cash or other collateral as to such swaps.
Posting of cash collateral for either cleared or non-cleared swaps would reduce our liquidity, including our ability to use our cash for capital and other partnership expenditures, and could reduce our ability to execute
strategic hedges to reduce commodity price uncertainty and thus protect our cash flows. Even if we are not required to clear our swaps or to post cash or other collateral for all or some of our swaps, our contractual counterparties could pass their costs of complying with the new law on to their customers, including us. Moreover, a Dodd-Frank Act provision may result in one or more of our counterparties spinning-off their derivative operations into separate entities, and those entities may not be as creditworthy as our current counterparties. Current participants in the U.S. derivatives market may exit the market to avoid the new law and regulations. All of the changes in the U.S. derivative market resulting from the new law and regulations might not only increase the costs of operating our hedging program, but could also reduce the availability of some types of swaps that protect against risks we encounter, reduce our ability to monetize or restructure our existing derivative contracts and potentially increase our exposure to less creditworthy counterparties. If, as a result of these factors, we were to reduce our use of swaps to hedge the commodity price, interest rate and other risks we encounter, our results of operations and cash flows may become more volatile and be otherwise adversely affected.
Federal and state legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to hydraulic fracturing could result in increased costs and additional operating restrictions or delays.
The U.S. Congress is considering legislation to amend the federal Safe Drinking Water Act to require the disclosure of chemicals used by the oil and natural gas industry in the hydraulic fracturing process. Hydraulic fracturing is a commonly used process in the completion of unconventional natural gas wells in shale formations, as well as tight conventional formations including many of those that we complete and produce. This process involves the injection of water, sand and chemicals under pressure into rock formations to stimulate natural gas production. If adopted, this legislation could establish an additional level of regulation and permitting at the federal level, and could make it easier for third parties to initiate legal proceedings based on allegations that chemicals used in the fracturing process could adversely affect the environment, including groundwater, soil and surface water. In addition, on October 21, 2011, the EPA announced its intention to propose regulations by 2014 under the Federal Clean Water Act to regulate wastewater discharges from hydraulic fracturing and other natural gas production. Some states have adopted and others are also considering legislation to restrict and regulate hydraulic fracturing, including Texas, where the Texas Railroad Commission recently adopted regulations requiring online disclosure of the chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. Any additional level of regulation could lead to operational delays or increased operating costs which could result in additional regulatory burdens that could make it more difficult to perform hydraulic fracturing and would increase our costs of compliance and doing business, resulting in a decrease of cash available for distribution to our unitholders.
Increases in interest rates could adversely impact our unit price and our ability to issue additional equity and incur debt.
Interest rates on future credit facilities and debt offerings could be higher than current levels, causing our financing costs to increase accordingly. As with other yield oriented securities, our unit price is impacted by the level of our cash distributions to our unitholders and implied distribution yield. The distribution yield of limited partner units is often used by investors to compare and rank similar yield oriented securities for investment decision making purposes. Therefore, changes in interest rates, either positive or negative, may affect the yield requirements of investors who invest in our common units, and a rising interest rate environment could have an adverse impact on our unit price and our ability to issue additional equity or incur debt.
Many of our leases are in areas that have been partially depleted or drained by offset wells.
Many of our leases are in areas that have already been partially depleted or drained by earlier offset drilling. The owners of leasehold interests lying contiguous or adjacent to or adjoining our interests could take actions, such as drilling additional wells, that could adversely affect our operations. When a new well is completed and produced, the pressure differential in the vicinity of the well causes the migration of reservoir fluids towards the new wellbore (and potentially away from existing wellbores). As a result, the drilling and production of these potential locations could cause a depletion of our proved reserves, and may inhibit our ability to further exploit and develop our reserves.
We may experience a temporary decline in revenues and production if we lose one of our significant customers.
To the extent any one of our significant customers reduces the volume of its oil or gas purchases from us, we could experience a temporary interruption in sales of, or a lower price for, our oil and gas production and our revenues and cash available for distribution could decline which could adversely affect our ability to make cash distributions to our unitholders.
Expenses not covered by our insurance could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
We maintain insurance coverage against potential losses that we believe is customary in the industry. However, these policies may not cover all liabilities, claims, fines, penalties or costs and expenses that we may incur in connection with our business and operations, including those related to environmental claims. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance at rates we consider reasonable. A loss not fully covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Risks Inherent in an Investment in Us
Our general partner and its affiliates own a controlling interest in us and will have conflicts of interest with us, and owe limited fiduciary duties to us, which may permit them to favor their own interests to the detriment of our unitholders.
Our general partner is ultimately controlled by the co-founders of Lime Rock Management, who also ultimately control Lime Rock Resources and Lime Rock Partners. In turn, our general partner has control over all decisions related to our operations. Lime Rock Resources owns an approximate 52.4% limited partner interest in us and, through its interest in our general partner, is entitled to receive 100% of the distributions we make on our incentive distribution rights through November 16, 2017. The directors and officers of our general partner have a fiduciary duty to manage our general partner in a manner beneficial to the owners of our general partner. However, our non-independent directors and certain of our executive officers hold similar positions with certain affiliates of our general partner, including Lime Rock Resources, Lime Rock Partners and Lime Rock Management, and continue to have economic interests, investments and other economic incentives in, as well as management and fiduciary duties to, these affiliates. As a result of these relationships, conflicts of interest may arise in the future between Lime Rock Resources, Lime Rock Partners and Lime Rock Management and their respective affiliates, including our general partner, on the one hand, and us and our unitholders, on the other hand. As a result of these conflicts, our general partner may favor its own interests and the interests of its affiliates over the interests of our unitholders and us. These potential conflicts include, among others, the following situations:
· our general partner has limited its liability and reduced its fiduciary duties, and has also restricted the remedies available to our unitholders for actions that, without the limitations, might constitute breaches of fiduciary duty. By purchasing common units, unitholders are consenting to some actions and conflicts of interest that might otherwise constitute a breach of fiduciary or other duties under applicable law;
· neither our partnership agreement nor any other agreement requires Lime Rock Resources, Lime Rock Partners or Lime Rock Management or their respective affiliates (other than our general partner) to pursue a business strategy that favors us. The directors and officers of Lime Rock Resources, Lime Rock Partners and Lime Rock Management and their respective affiliates (other than our general partner) have a fiduciary duty to make these decisions in the best interests of their respective equity holders, which may be contrary to our interests;
· our general partner is allowed to take into account the interests of parties other than us, such as the owners of our general partner, in resolving conflicts of interest, which has the effect of limiting our general partners fiduciary duty to our unitholders;
· Lime Rock Resources, Lime Rock Partners and Lime Rock Management and their affiliates are not limited in their ability to compete with us, including with respect to future acquisition opportunities, and are under no obligation to offer or sell assets to us;
· all of the executive officers of our general partner who provide services to us, other than our Chief Financial Officer, also devote a significant amount of time to affiliates of our general partner, including Lime Rock Resources, and are compensated for services rendered to such affiliates;
· our general partner determines the amount and timing of our drilling program and related capital expenditures, asset purchases and sales, borrowings, issuance of additional partnership interests, other investments, including investment capital expenditures in other partnerships with which our general partner is or may become affiliated, and cash reserves, each of which can affect the amount of cash that is distributed to unitholders;
· we are a party to a services agreement with Lime Rock Management and ServCo pursuant to which management, administrative and operational services are provided to our general partner and us to manage and operate our business. Lime Rock Management and ServCo have similar arrangements with Lime Rock Resources and its affiliates;
· our general partner determines which costs, including allocated overhead, incurred by it and its affiliates, including Lime Rock Management and ServCo, are reimbursable by us. These expenses include salary, bonus, incentive compensation and other amounts paid to persons who perform services for us or on our behalf, and expenses allocated to our general partner by its affiliates. Our general partner is entitled to determine in good faith the expenses that are allocable to us;
· our partnership agreement does not restrict our general partner from causing us to pay it or its affiliates for any services rendered to us or entering into additional contractual arrangements with any of these entities on our behalf;
· our general partner intends to limit its liability regarding our contractual and other obligations and, in some circumstances, is entitled to be indemnified by us;
· our general partner may exercise its limited right to call and purchase common units if it and its affiliates own more than 80% of the common units;
· our general partner controls the enforcement of obligations owed to us by our general partner and its affiliates; and
· our general partner decides whether to retain separate counsel, accountants or others to perform services for us.
Please read Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Lime Rock Resources, Lime Rock Partners and other affiliates of our general partner are not limited in their ability to compete with us, which could cause conflicts of interest and limit our ability to acquire additional assets.
Neither our partnership agreement nor the omnibus agreement prohibits Lime Rock Resources, Lime Rock Partners and their affiliates from owning assets or engaging in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. For instance, Lime Rock Resources and any future affiliated funds may commence raising capital to make acquisitions once 75% of the capital of the most recent fund has been allocated to acquisition opportunities and expenses of such fund, and the portfolio companies of Lime Rock Partners may acquire, develop or dispose of oil and natural gas properties or other assets in the future, without any obligation to offer us the opportunity to purchase or develop any of those assets. Lime Rock Resources is currently in the process of raising Fund III. In addition, Lime Rock Resources has approximately $132 million of additional acquisition capacity that it expects to deploy over the next year. The recently established Fund III has approximately $494 million of acquisition capacity that it expects to deploy over the next several years. Because of Lime Rock Resources economic interests to invest those funds, it is likely that they will pursue acquisition opportunities that they may otherwise present to us. Lime Rock Resources and Lime Rock Partners are established participants in the energy business and have greater resources than ours, which factors may make it more difficult for us to compete with these entities with respect to commercial activities as well as for potential acquisitions. As a result, competition from these affiliates could adversely impact our results of operations and cash available for distribution to our unitholders. Additionally, if Lime Rock Resources fails to present us with acquisition opportunities, then we may not be able to replace or increase our estimated proved reserves, which would adversely affect our cash flow from operations and our ability to make cash distributions to our unitholders. Please read Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Neither we nor our general partner have any employees and we rely solely on Lime Rock Management and ServCo to manage our business. Most of our management team and the employees of ServCo provide substantially similar services to Lime Rock Resources, and thus are not solely focused on our business.
Neither we nor our general partner have any employees and we rely solely on Lime Rock Management and ServCo to manage us and operate our assets. We are a party to a services agreement with Lime Rock Management and ServCo pursuant to which management, administrative and operational services are provided to our general partner and us to manage and operate our business.
Lime Rock Management and ServCo provide substantially similar services and personnel to Lime Rock Resources. Should Lime Rock Resources form new funds, such as Fund III, Lime Rock Management and ServCo may also enter into similar arrangements with those new funds. Because Lime Rock Management and ServCo provide services to us that are substantially similar to those provided to Lime Rock Resources and, potentially, other funds, Lime Rock Management and ServCo may not have sufficient human, technical and other resources to provide those services at a level that Lime Rock Management and ServCo would be able to provide to us if it did not provide those similar services to Lime Rock Resources and any other funds. Additionally, Lime Rock Management and ServCo may make internal decisions on how to allocate their available resources and expertise that may not always be in our best interest compared to those of Lime Rock Resources or other affiliated funds. There is no requirement that Lime Rock Management and ServCo favor us over Lime Rock Resources or other affiliated funds in providing their services. If the employees of Lime Rock Management and ServCo do not devote sufficient attention to the management and operation of our business, our financial results may suffer and our ability to make distributions to our unitholders may be reduced.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential unitholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our units.
Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports, prevent fraud and operate successfully as a public company. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our reputation and operating results would be harmed. We cannot be certain that our efforts to maintain our internal controls will be successful, that we will be able to maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future or that we will be able to continue to comply with our obligations under Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Any failure to maintain effective internal controls, or difficulties encountered in implementing or improving our internal controls, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. Ineffective internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our units.
Most of the directors and officers who have responsibility for our management have significant duties with, and spend significant time serving, entities that compete with us in seeking acquisitions and business opportunities and, accordingly, may have conflicts of interest in allocating time or pursuing business opportunities.
To maintain and increase our levels of production, we will need to acquire oil and gas properties. Most of the directors and all of the officers of our general partner who are responsible for managing our operations and acquisition activities hold similar positions with Lime Rock Resources and other entities that are in the business, directly or indirectly, of identifying and acquiring oil and gas properties. For example, Mr. Farber, one of our directors, is a co-founder of Lime Rock Management and a managing director of Lime Rock Partners, which is in the business of investing in exploration and production companies. Mr. Pressler, one of our directors, is also a managing director of Lime Rock Partners, and Messrs. Mullins and Adcock, our Co-Chief Executive Officers, are also Co-Chief Executive Officers of Lime Rock Resources, which is in the business of acquiring oil and gas properties. All of the executive officers of our general partner, other than our Chief Financial Officer, devote significant time to Lime Rock Resources businesses. Further, our general partners non-independent directors and certain of our executive officers have economic interests, investments and other economic incentives in affiliates of our general partner. Messrs. Farber and Pressler are also directors of several oil and gas producing entities that are in the business of acquiring oil and gas properties. The existing positions held by these directors and officers may give rise to fiduciary obligations that are in conflict with fiduciary duties they owe to us. The officers and directors of Lime Rock Resources, Lime Rock Partners and Lime Rock Management may become aware of business opportunities that may be appropriate for presentation to us as well as the other entities with which they are or may become affiliated. Due to these existing and potential future affiliations with and economic interests in these and other entities, they may have fiduciary obligations to present potential business opportunities to those entities prior
to presenting them to us, which could cause additional conflicts of interest. They may also decide that certain opportunities are more appropriate for other entities with which they are affiliated and elect not to present them to us. These conflicts may not be resolved in our favor.
Cost reimbursements due to our general partner and its affiliates for services provided may be substantial and could reduce our cash available for distribution to you.
Under our services agreement with Lime Rock Management and ServCo, each of Lime Rock Management and ServCo receives reimbursement for the provision of various services and personnel for our benefit. Payments for these services are substantial and reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to unitholders.
In addition, under Delaware partnership law, our general partner has unlimited liability for our obligations, such as our debts and environmental liabilities, except for our contractual obligations that are expressly made without recourse to our general partner. To the extent our general partner incurs obligations on our behalf, we are obligated to reimburse or indemnify it. If we are unable or unwilling to reimburse or indemnify our general partner, our general partner may take actions to cause us to make payments of these obligations and liabilities. Any such payments could reduce the amount of cash otherwise available for distribution to our unitholders.
Units held by persons who our general partner determines are not eligible holders will be subject to redemption.
To comply with U.S. laws with respect to the ownership of interests in oil and natural gas leases on federal lands, we have adopted certain requirements regarding those investors who may own our common units. As used herein, an Eligible Holder means a person or entity qualified to hold an interest in oil and natural gas leases on federal lands. As of the date hereof, Eligible Holder means:
· a citizen of the United States;
· a corporation organized under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof;
· a public body, including a municipality; or
· an association of United States citizens, such as a partnership or limited liability company, organized under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof, but only if such association does not have any direct or indirect foreign ownership, other than foreign ownership of stock in a parent corporation organized under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof.
Onshore mineral leases or any direct or indirect interest therein may be acquired and held by aliens only through stock ownership, holding or control in a corporation organized under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof. Unitholders who are not persons or entities who meet the requirements to be an Eligible Holder run the risk of having their common units redeemed by us at the then-current market price.
Our unitholders have limited voting rights and are not entitled to elect our general partner or its board of directors. Affiliates of Lime Rock Management who control our general partner will have the power to control our operations.
Unlike the holders of common stock in a corporation, unitholders have only limited voting rights on matters affecting our business and, therefore, limited ability to influence managements decisions regarding our business. Unitholders do not elect our general partner or its board of directors on an annual or other continuing basis. The board of directors of our general partner is appointed by Lime Rock Management. Furthermore, if our unitholders are dissatisfied with the performance of our general partner, they will have little ability to remove our general partner. As a result of these limitations, the price at which the common units trade could be diminished because of the absence or reduction of a takeover premium in the trading price.
Our general partner has control over all decisions related to our operations. Our general partner is ultimately controlled by the co-founders of Lime Rock Management, who also ultimately control Lime Rock Resources and Lime Rock Partners. Lime Rock Resources, through Fund I, owns an approximate 52.4% limited partner interest in us. As a result, our other unitholders will not have an ability to influence any operating decisions and will not be able to prevent us from entering into any transactions. Our partnership agreement may not be amended during the
subordination period without the approval of our public common unitholders, other than in certain limited circumstances where no unitholder approval is required. However, after the subordination period has ended, our partnership agreement may be amended with the consent of our general partner and the approval of the holders of a majority of our outstanding common units (including common units held by Fund I and its affiliates). Assuming we do not issue any additional common units and Fund I does not transfer its common units, Fund I will have the ability to amend our partnership agreement, including our policy to distribute all of our available cash to our unitholders, without the approval of any other unitholder once the subordination period ends. Furthermore, the goals and objectives of Fund I and our general partner relating to us may not be consistent with those of a majority of our other unitholders.
Our general partner is required to deduct estimated maintenance capital expenditures from our operating surplus, which may result in less cash available for distribution to unitholders from operating surplus than if actual maintenance capital expenditures were deducted.
Maintenance capital expenditures are those capital expenditures required to maintain the current production levels over the long term of our oil and natural gas properties or maintain the current operating capacity of our other capital assets, including expenditures to replace our oil and natural gas reserves (including non-proved reserves attributable to undeveloped leasehold acreage), whether through the development, exploitation and production of an existing leasehold or the acquisition or development of a new oil or natural gas property. Our partnership agreement requires our general partner to deduct estimated, rather than actual, maintenance capital expenditures from operating surplus in determining cash available for distribution from operating surplus. The amount of estimated maintenance capital expenditures deducted from operating surplus will be subject to review and change by our conflicts committee at least once a year. Our partnership agreement does not cap the amount of maintenance capital expenditures that our general partner may estimate. In years when our estimated maintenance capital expenditures are higher than actual maintenance capital expenditures, the amount of cash available for distribution to unitholders from operating surplus will be lower than if actual maintenance capital expenditures had been deducted from operating surplus. On the other hand, if our general partner underestimates the appropriate level of estimated maintenance capital expenditures, we will have more cash available for distribution from operating surplus in the short term but will have less cash available for distribution from operating surplus in future periods when we have to increase our estimated maintenance capital expenditures to account for the previous underestimation.
Our partnership agreement limits our general partners fiduciary duties to our unitholders and restricts the remedies available to unitholders for actions taken by our general partner that might otherwise constitute breaches of fiduciary duty.
Our partnership agreement contains provisions that reduce the fiduciary standards to which our general partner would otherwise be held by state fiduciary duty laws. For example, our partnership agreement:
· permits our general partner to make a number of decisions in its individual capacity, as opposed to in its capacity as our general partner, which allows our general partner to consider only the interests and factors that it desires, without a duty or obligation to give any consideration to any interest of, or factors affecting, us, our affiliates or any limited partner. Examples include the exercise of its right to reset the target distribution levels of its incentive distribution rights at higher levels and receive, in connection with this reset, common units, the exercise of its limited call right, the exercise of its rights to transfer or vote the units it owns, the exercise of its registration rights and its determination whether or not to consent to any merger or consolidation involving us or to any amendment to the partnership agreement;
· provides that our general partner will not have any liability to us or our unitholders for decisions made in its capacity as general partner so long as it acted in good faith;
· generally provides that affiliated transactions and resolutions of conflicts of interest not approved by the conflicts committee of the board of directors of our general partner acting in good faith and not involving a vote of unitholders must either be (i) on terms no less favorable to us than those generally being provided to or available from unrelated third parties or (ii) must be fair and reasonable to us, as determined by our general partner in good faith. In determining whether a transaction or resolution is fair and reasonable, our general partner may consider the totality of the relationships between the parties involved, including other transactions that may be particularly advantageous or beneficial to us;
· provides that our general partner and its officers and directors will not be liable for monetary damages to us, our limited partners or assignees for any acts or omissions unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that our general partner or its officers and directors acted in bad faith or engaged in fraud or willful misconduct or, in the case of a criminal matter, acted with knowledge that the conduct was criminal; and
· provides that in resolving conflicts of interest, it will be presumed that in making its decision our general partners board of directors or the conflicts committee of our general partners board of directors acted in good faith, and in any proceeding brought by or on behalf of any limited partner or us, the person bringing or prosecuting such proceeding will have the burden of overcoming such presumption.
By purchasing a common unit, a unitholder is bound by the provisions in the partnership agreement, including the provisions discussed above.
Our general partner may elect to cause us to issue common units to it in connection with a resetting of the target distribution levels related to our general partners incentive distribution rights without the approval of the conflicts committee of our general partner or our unitholders. This may result in lower distributions to holders of our common units in certain situations.
Our general partner has the right, at any time when there are no subordinated units outstanding and it has received incentive distributions at the highest level to which it is entitled (23%, in addition to distributions paid on its approximate 0.1% general partner interest) for each of the prior four consecutive fiscal quarters, to reset the initial cash target distribution levels at higher levels based on the distribution at the time of the exercise of the reset election. Following a reset election by our general partner, the minimum quarterly distribution amount will be reset to an amount equal to the average cash distribution amount per common unit for the two fiscal quarters immediately preceding the reset election (such amount is referred to as the reset minimum quarterly distribution) and the target distribution levels will be reset to correspondingly higher levels based on percentage increases above the reset minimum quarterly distribution amount.
In connection with resetting these target distribution levels, our general partner will be entitled to receive a number of common units equal to that number of common units whose aggregate quarterly cash distributions equaled the average of the distributions to our general partner on the incentive distribution rights in the prior two quarters. We anticipate that our general partner would exercise this reset right in order to facilitate acquisitions or internal growth projects that would not be sufficiently accretive to cash distributions per common unit without such conversion; however, it is possible that our general partner could exercise this reset election at a time when it is experiencing, or may be expected to experience, declines in the cash distributions it receives related to its incentive distribution rights and may therefore desire to be issued our common units, rather than retain the right to receive incentive distributions based on the initial target distribution levels. As a result, a reset election may cause our common unitholders to experience dilution in the amount of cash distributions that they would have otherwise received had we not issued new common units to our general partner in connection with resetting the target distribution levels related to our general partner incentive distribution rights.
Even if our unitholders are dissatisfied, they cannot remove our general partner without its consent.
The public unitholders will be unable initially to remove our general partner without its consent because our general partner and its affiliates own sufficient units to be able to prevent its removal. The vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of all outstanding units voting together as a single class is required to remove our general partner. Fund I currently owns approximately 52.4% of our outstanding voting units.
Also, if our general partner is removed without cause during the subordination period and units held by our general partner and its affiliates are not voted in favor of that removal, all remaining subordinated units will automatically convert into common units and any existing arrearages on our common units will be extinguished. A removal of our general partner under these circumstances would adversely affect our common units by prematurely eliminating their distribution and liquidation preference over our subordinated units, which would otherwise have continued until we had met certain distribution and performance tests. Cause is narrowly defined to mean that a court of competent jurisdiction has entered a final, non-appealable judgment finding the general partner liable for actual fraud or willful or wanton misconduct in its capacity as our general partner. Cause does not include most
cases of charges of poor business management, so the removal of the general partner because of the unitholders dissatisfaction with our general partners performance in managing our partnership will most likely result in the termination of the subordination period and conversion of all subordinated units to common units.
Control of our general partner may be transferred to a third party without unitholder consent.
Our general partner may transfer its general partner interest to a third party in a merger or in a sale of all or substantially all of its assets without the consent of the unitholders. Furthermore, our partnership agreement does not restrict the ability of the owners of our general partner, who are affiliates of Lime Rock Management, from transferring all or a portion of their ownership interest in our general partner to a third party. The new owner of our general partner would then be in a position to replace the board of directors and officers of our general partner with their own choices and thereby influence the decisions made by the board of directors and officers in a manner that may not be aligned with the interests of our unitholders.
We may not make cash distributions during periods when we record net income.
The amount of cash we have available for distribution to our unitholders depends primarily on our cash flow, including cash from reserves established by our general partner, working capital or other borrowings, and not solely on profitability, which will be affected by non-cash items. As a result, we may make cash distributions to our unitholders during periods when we record net losses and may not make cash distributions to our unitholders during periods when we record net income.
We may issue an unlimited number of additional units, including units that are senior to the common units, without unitholder approval, which would dilute unitholders ownership interests.
Our partnership agreement does not limit the number of additional common units that we may issue at any time without the approval of our unitholders. In addition, we may issue an unlimited number of units that are senior to the common units in right of distribution, liquidation and voting. The issuance by us of additional common units or other equity interests of equal or senior rank will have the following effects:
· our unitholders proportionate ownership interest in us will decrease;
· the amount of cash available for distribution on each unit may decrease;
· because a lower percentage of total outstanding units will be subordinated units, the risk that a shortfall in the payment of the minimum quarterly distribution will be borne by our common unitholders will increase;
· the ratio of taxable income to distributions may increase;
· the relative voting strength of each previously outstanding unit may be diminished; and
· the market price of our common units may decline.
Our partnership agreement restricts the limited voting rights of unitholders, other than our general partner and its affiliates, owning 20% or more of our common units, which may limit the ability of significant unitholders to influence the manner or direction of management.
Our partnership agreement restricts unitholders limited voting rights by providing that any common units held by a person, entity or group owning 20% or more of any class of common units then outstanding, other than our general partner, its affiliates, their transferees and persons who acquired such common units with the prior approval of the board of directors of our general partner, cannot vote on any matter. Our partnership agreement also contains provisions limiting the ability of unitholders to call meetings or to acquire information about our operations, as well as other provisions limiting unitholders ability to influence the manner or direction of management.
Fund I may sell common units in the public markets, which sales could have an adverse impact on the trading price of the common units.
Fund I owns an aggregate of approximately 32.1% of our outstanding common units and all of our subordinated units, which convert into common units at the end of the subordination period. The sale of these units, including common units issued upon the conversion of the subordinated units, in the public markets could have an adverse impact on the price of the common units or on any trading market that may develop.
Our general partner has a call right that may require common unitholders to sell their common units at an undesirable time or price.
If at any time our general partner and its affiliates own more than 80% of the common units, our general partner will have the right, which it may assign to any of its affiliates or to us, but not the obligation, to acquire all, but not less than all, of the common units held by unaffiliated persons at a price that is the greater of (i) the highest cash price paid by either of our general partner or any of its affiliates for any common units purchased within the 90 days preceding the date on which our general partner first mails notice of its election to purchase those common units; and (ii) the average daily closing prices of our common units over the 20 days preceding the date three days before the date the notice is mailed. As a result, our unitholders may be required to sell their common units at an undesirable time or price and may not receive any return on their investment. Our unitholders also may incur a tax liability upon a sale of their common units. Fund I owns an aggregate of approximately 32.1% of our outstanding common units and all of our subordinated units. At the end of the subordination period, assuming no additional issuances of common units and that all of the subordinated units are converted into common units, Fund I will own approximately 52.4% of our aggregate outstanding common units.
If we distribute cash from capital surplus, which is analogous to a return of capital, our minimum quarterly distribution will be reduced proportionately, and the distribution thresholds after which the incentive distribution rights entitle our general partner to an increased percentage of distributions will be proportionately decreased.
Our cash distributions will be characterized as coming from either operating surplus or capital surplus. Operating surplus is defined in our partnership agreement, and generally means amounts we receive from operating sources, such as sale of our oil and natural gas production, less operating expenditures, such as production costs and taxes, and less estimated average capital expenditures, which are generally amounts we estimate we will need to spend in the future to maintain our production levels over the long term. Capital surplus generally would result from cash received from non-operating sources such as sales of properties and issuances of debt and equity interests. Cash representing capital surplus, therefore, is analogous to a return of capital. Distributions of capital surplus are made to our unitholders and our general partner in proportion to their percentage interests in us, or approximately 99.9% to our unitholders and approximately 0.1% to our general partner, and will result in a decrease in our minimum quarterly distribution and a lower threshold for distributions on the incentive distribution rights held by our general partner.
Our partnership agreement allows us to add to operating surplus up to $30.0 million. As a result, a portion of this amount, which is analogous to a return of capital, may be distributed to the general partner and its affiliates, as holders of incentive distribution rights, rather than to holders of common units as a return of capital.
Our unitholders liability may not be limited if a court finds that unitholder action constitutes control of our business.
A general partner of a partnership generally has unlimited liability for the obligations of the partnership, except for those contractual obligations of the partnership that are expressly made without recourse to the general partner. Our partnership is organized under Delaware law and we conduct business in a number of other states. The limitations on the liability of holders of limited partner interests for the obligations of a limited partnership have not been clearly established in some of the other states in which we do business. A unitholder could be liable for our obligations as if it was a general partner if:
· a court or government agency determined that we were conducting business in a state but had not complied with that particular states partnership statute; or
· a unitholders right to act with other unitholders to remove or replace the general partner, to approve some amendments to our partnership agreement or to take other actions under our partnership agreement constitute control of our business.
Our unitholders may have liability to repay distributions.
Under certain circumstances, unitholders may have to repay amounts wrongfully returned or distributed to them. Under Section 17-607 of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, we may not make distributions to unitholders if the distribution would cause our liabilities to exceed the fair value of our assets. Liabilities to partners on account of their partnership interests and liabilities that are non-recourse to us are not counted for purposes of determining whether a distribution is permitted. Delaware law provides that for a period of three years from the date of an impermissible distribution, limited partners who received the distribution and who knew at the time of the distribution that it violated Delaware law will be liable to the limited partnership for the distribution amount. A purchaser of common units who becomes a limited partner is liable for the obligations of the transferring limited partner to make contributions to us that are known to such purchaser of common units at the time it became a limited partner and for unknown obligations if the liabilities could be determined from our partnership agreement.
We have the right to borrow to make distributions. Repayment of these borrowings will decrease cash available for future distributions, and covenants in our credit facility may restrict our ability to make distributions.
Our partnership agreement allows us to borrow to make distributions. We may make short-term borrowings under our credit facility to make distributions. The primary purpose of these borrowings would be to mitigate the effects of short-term fluctuation in our working capital that would otherwise cause volatility in our quarter-to-quarter distributions.
The terms of our credit facility restrict our ability to pay distributions if we do not satisfy the financial and other covenants in the facility.
Our partnership agreement requires that we distribute all of our available cash (as defined in our partnership agreement), which could limit our ability to grow our reserves and production.
Our partnership agreement provides that we will distribute all of our available cash each quarter. As a result, we may be dependent on the issuance of additional common units and other partnership securities and borrowings to finance our growth. A number of factors will affect our ability to issue securities and borrow money to finance growth, as well as the costs of such financings, including:
· general economic and market conditions, including interest rates, prevailing at the time we desire to issue securities or borrow funds;
· conditions in the oil and gas industry;
· the market price of, and demand for, our common units;
· our results of operations and financial condition; and
· prices for oil, NGLs and natural gas.
Tax Risks to Unitholders
Our tax treatment depends on our status as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes as well as our not being subject to a material amount of entity-level taxation by individual states. If the IRS were to treat us as a corporation or we were to become subject to material additional amounts of entity-level taxation for state purposes, then our cash available for distribution to our unitholders would be substantially reduced.
The anticipated after-tax economic benefit of an investment in our units depends largely on our being treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We have not requested, and do not plan to request, a ruling from the IRS on this or any other tax matter affecting us.
If we were treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes (including, but not limited to, due to a change in our business or a change in current law), we would pay federal income tax on our taxable income at the corporate tax rate, which is currently a maximum of 35%, and would likely pay state income tax at varying rates. Distributions to unitholders would generally be taxed again as corporate distributions, and no income, gains, losses or deductions would flow through to unitholders. Because a tax would be imposed upon us as a corporation, our cash available for distribution to unitholders would be substantially reduced. Therefore, treatment of us as a
corporation would result in a material reduction in the anticipated cash flow and after-tax return to our unitholders, likely causing a substantial reduction in the value of our units.
Changes in current state law may subject us to additional entity-level taxation by individual states or localities. Because of widespread state budget deficits and other reasons, several states are evaluating ways to subject partnerships to entity-level taxation through the imposition of state income, franchise and other forms of taxation. Imposition of any such taxes may substantially reduce the cash available for distribution to our unitholders and, therefore, negatively impact the value of an investment in our units. Our partnership agreement provides that if a law is enacted or an existing law is modified or interpreted in a manner that subjects us to additional amounts of entity-level taxation for U.S. federal, state or local income tax purposes, the minimum quarterly distribution amount and the Target Distribution may be adjusted to reflect the impact of that law on us.
The tax treatment of publicly traded partnerships or an investment in our units could be subject to potential legislative, judicial or administrative changes and differing interpretations, possibly on a retroactive basis.
The present federal income tax treatment of publicly traded partnerships, including us, or an investment in our units may be modified by administrative, legislative or judicial interpretation at any time. For example, from time to time members of the U.S. Congress propose and consider substantive changes to the existing federal income tax laws that would affect the tax treatment of or impose additional administrative requirements on publicly traded partnerships. Any modification to the U.S. federal income tax laws and interpretations thereof may or may not be applied retroactively and could make it more difficult or impossible to meet the exception for us to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We are unable to predict whether any of these changes, or other proposals, will ultimately be enacted, and any such changes could negatively impact the value of an investment in our units. Our partnership agreement provides that if a law is enacted or existing law is modified or interpreted in a manner that subjects us to taxation as a corporation or otherwise subjects us to entity-level taxation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the minimum quarterly distribution and the Target Distribution may be adjusted to reflect the impact of that law on us.
Certain U.S. federal income tax deductions currently available with respect to oil and natural gas exploration and production may be eliminated as a result of future legislation.
During past legislative sessions, both the Obama Administration and members of the U.S. Congress have proposed changes that would, if enacted, make significant changes to U.S. tax laws, including the elimination of certain key U.S. federal income tax incentives currently available to oil and natural gas exploration and production companies. These changes include, but are not limited to, (i) the repeal of the percentage depletion allowance for oil and natural gas properties, (ii) the elimination of current deductions for intangible drilling and development costs, (iii) the elimination of the deduction for certain domestic production activities, and (iv) an extension of the amortization period for certain geological and geophysical expenditures. It is unclear whether these or similar changes will be enacted and, if enacted, how soon any such changes could become effective. The passage of any legislation with similar changes in U.S. federal income tax laws could eliminate or postpone certain tax deductions that are currently available with respect to oil and natural gas exploration and development, and any such change could increase the taxable income allocable to our unitholders and negatively impact the value of an investment in our units.
If the IRS contests any of the U.S. federal income tax positions we take, the market for our units may be adversely affected, and the costs of any IRS contest will reduce our cash available for distribution to our unitholders.
We have not requested a ruling from the IRS with respect to our treatment as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes or any other matter affecting us. The IRS may adopt positions that differ from the positions we take. It may be necessary to resort to administrative or court proceedings to sustain some or all of our counsels conclusions or the positions we take. A court may not agree with some or all of our counsels conclusions or the positions we take. Any contest with the IRS may materially and adversely impact the market for our units and the price at which they trade. In addition, the costs of any contest with the IRS will be borne indirectly by our unitholders and our general partner because the costs will reduce our cash available for distribution.
Our unitholders will be required to pay taxes on their share of our taxable income even if they do not receive any cash distributions from us.
Because our unitholders will be treated as partners to whom we will allocate taxable income, which could be different in amount than the cash we distribute, our unitholders will be required to pay any federal income taxes and, in some cases, state and local income taxes, on their share of our taxable income even if they receive no cash distributions from us. Our unitholders may not receive cash distributions from us equal to their share of our taxable income or even equal to the actual tax liability that results from that income.
Tax gain or loss on the disposition of our units could be more or less than expected.
If our unitholders sell their units, they will recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and their tax basis in those units. Because distributions in excess of their allocable share of our total net taxable income decrease their tax basis in their units, the amount, if any, of such prior excess distributions with respect to the units they sell will, in effect, become taxable income to them if they sell such units at a price greater than their tax basis in those units, even if the price they receive is less than their original cost. Furthermore, a substantial portion of the amount realized, whether or not representing gain, may be taxed as ordinary income due to potential recapture items, including depreciation, depletion and IDC recapture. In addition, because the amount realized may include a unitholders share of our nonrecourse liabilities, if they sell their units, they may incur a tax liability in excess of the amount of cash they receive from the sale.
Tax-exempt entities and non-U.S. persons face unique tax issues from owning our units that may result in adverse tax consequences to them.
Investment in our units by tax-exempt entities, such as employee benefit plans and individual retirement accounts, or IRAs, and non-U.S. persons raises issues unique to them. For example, virtually all of our income allocated to organizations that are exempt from federal income tax, including IRAs and other retirement plans, will be unrelated business taxable income and will be taxable to them. Distributions to non-U.S. persons will be reduced by withholding taxes at the highest applicable effective tax rate, and non-U.S. persons will be required to file U.S. federal, state or local income tax returns and pay tax on their share of our taxable income. Prospective unitholders who are tax-exempt entities or non-U.S. persons should consult their tax advisor before investing in our units.
We will treat each purchaser of units as having the same tax benefits without regard to the units purchased. The IRS may challenge this treatment, which could adversely affect the value of the units.
Because we cannot match transferors and transferees of units and because of other reasons, we will adopt depletion, depreciation and amortization positions that may not conform with all aspects of existing U.S. Treasury Regulations. A successful IRS challenge to those positions could adversely affect the amount of tax benefits available to our unitholders. It also could affect the timing of these tax benefits or the amount of gain from the sale of units and could have a negative impact on the value of our units or result in audit adjustments to a unitholders tax returns.
We will prorate our items of income, gain, loss and deduction between transferors and transferees of our units each month based upon the ownership of our units on the first day of each month, instead of on the basis of the date a particular unit is transferred. The IRS may challenge this treatment, which could change the allocation of items of income, gain, loss and deduction among our unitholders.
We will prorate our items of income, gain, loss and deduction between transferors and transferees of our units each month based upon the ownership of our units on the first day of each month, instead of on the basis of the date a particular unit is transferred. The use of this proration method may not be permitted under existing Treasury Regulations, and although the U.S. Treasury Department has issued proposed Treasury Regulations allowing a similar monthly simplifying convention, such regulations are not final and do not specifically authorize the use of the proration method we have adopted. If the IRS were to challenge our proration method or new Treasury Regulations were issued, we may be required to change the allocation of items of income, gain, loss and deduction among our unitholders.
A unitholder whose units are loaned to a short seller to effect a short sale of units may be considered as having disposed of those units. If so, such unitholder would no longer be treated for tax purposes as a partner with respect to those units during the period of the loan and may recognize gain or loss from the disposition.
Because a unitholder whose units are loaned to a short seller to effect a short sale of units may be considered as having disposed of the loaned units, such unitholder may no longer be treated for tax purposes as a partner with respect to those units during the period of the loan to the short seller and the unitholder may recognize gain or loss from such disposition. Moreover, during the period of the loan to the short seller, any of our income, gain, loss or deduction with respect to those units may not be reportable by the unitholder and any cash distributions received by the unitholder as to those units could be fully taxable as ordinary income. Unitholders desiring to assure their status as partners and avoid the risk of gain recognition from a loan to a short seller are urged to consult a tax advisor to discuss whether it is advisable to modify any applicable brokerage account agreements to prohibit their brokers from borrowing their units.
The sale or exchange of 50% or more of our capital and profits interests during any twelve-month period will result in the termination of our partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We will be considered to have technically terminated for federal income tax purposes if there is a sale or exchange of 50% or more of the total interests in our capital and profits within a twelve-month period. For this purpose, multiple sales of the same unit will be counted only once. Our technical termination would, among other things, result in the closing of our taxable year for all unitholders, which would result in us filing two tax returns (and our unitholders could receive two Schedules K-1 if special relief from the IRS is not available) for one fiscal year and could result in a significant deferral of depreciation deductions allowable in computing our taxable income. In the case of a unitholder reporting on a taxable year other than a fiscal year ending December 31, the closing of our taxable year may also result in more than twelve months of our taxable income or loss being includable in such unitholders taxable income for the year of termination. A technical termination would not affect our classification as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, but instead, we would be treated as a new partnership for tax purposes. If treated as a new partnership, we must make new tax elections and could be subject to penalties if we are unable to determine that a technical termination occurred. The IRS has recently announced a publicly traded partnership technical termination relief program whereby, if a technically terminated publicly traded partnership requests relief and such relief is granted, among other things, the partnership will only have to provide one Schedule K-1 to unitholders for the year notwithstanding two partnership tax years.
We will adopt certain valuation methodologies and monthly conventions for U.S. federal income tax purposes that may result in a shift of income, gain, loss and deduction between our general partner and our unitholders. The IRS may challenge this treatment, which could adversely affect the value of the units.
When we issue additional units or engage in certain other transactions, we will determine the fair market value of our assets and allocate any unrealized gain or loss attributable to our assets to the capital accounts of our unitholders and our general partner. Our methodology may be viewed as understating the value of our assets. In that case, there may be a shift of income, gain, loss and deduction between certain unitholders and our general partner, which may be unfavorable to such unitholders. Moreover, under our valuation methods, subsequent purchasers of units may have a greater portion of their Internal Revenue Code Section 743(b) adjustment allocated to our tangible assets and a lesser portion allocated to our intangible assets. The IRS may challenge our valuation methods, or our allocation of the Section 743(b) adjustment attributable to our tangible and intangible assets, and allocations of taxable income, gain, loss and deduction between our general partner and certain of our unitholders. A successful IRS challenge to these methods or allocations could adversely affect the amount of taxable income or loss being allocated to our unitholders. It also could affect the amount of taxable gain from our unitholders sale of common units and could have a negative impact on the value of the common units or result in audit adjustments to our unitholders tax returns without the benefit of additional deductions.
As a result of investing in our units, our unitholders may become subject to state and local taxes and return filing requirements in jurisdictions where we operate or own or acquire property.
In addition to federal income taxes, our unitholders will likely be subject to other taxes, including foreign, state and local taxes, unincorporated business taxes and estate, inheritance or intangible taxes that are imposed by the
various jurisdictions in which we conduct business or own property now or in the future even if such unitholders do not live in those jurisdictions. Our unitholders likely will be required to file state and local income tax returns and pay state and local income taxes in some or all of these various jurisdictions. Further, unitholders may be subject to penalties for failure to comply with those requirements. We initially will own property and conduct business in a number of states, most of which currently impose a personal income tax on individuals. Most of these states also impose an income tax on corporations and other entities. As we make acquisitions or expand our business, we may own assets or conduct business in additional states that impose a personal income tax. We may own property or conduct business in other states or foreign countries in the future. It is a unitholders responsibility to file all U.S. federal, state and local tax returns.
Compliance with and changes in tax laws could adversely affect our performance.
We are subject to extensive tax laws and regulations, including federal, state and foreign income taxes and transactional taxes such as excise, sales/use, payroll, franchise and ad valorem taxes. New tax laws and regulations and changes in existing tax laws and regulations are continuously being enacted that could result in increased tax expenditures in the future. Many of these tax liabilities are subject to audits by the respective taxing authority. These audits may result in additional taxes as well as interest and penalties.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.
Our properties consist of mature, low-risk onshore oil and natural gas properties with long-lived, predictable production profiles located across three diverse producing regions: (i) the Permian Basin region in West Texas and southeast New Mexico, (ii) the Mid-Continent region in Oklahoma and East Texas and (iii) the Gulf Coast region in Texas.
As of December 31, 2012, our total estimated proved reserves were approximately 27.9 MMBoe, of which approximately 70% were proved developed producing reserves. Our reserves are 53% natural gas as measured by volume as of December 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2012, we operated approximately 93% of our proved reserves and produced from approximately 717 gross (626 net) wells across our operated properties, with an average working interest of approximately 87%. Based on our reserve reports as of December 31, 2012, the estimated decline rate for our existing proved developed producing reserves is approximately 12% per year for 2013 through 2018 and approximately 8% per year thereafter. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 4.2 MMBoe, or approximately 15% of our estimated proved reserves, were proved developed non-producing reserves. Such estimated proved developed non-producing reserves were approximately 54% oil and NGLs and included 200 gross (160 net) recompletion, refracture stimulation and workover projects. In addition, as of December 31, 2012, approximately 4.1 MMBoe, or 15% of our estimated proved reserves, were proved undeveloped reserves. Our proved undeveloped reserves were approximately 84% oil and NGLs and included 212 gross (140 net) identified drilling locations.
Our properties are located in fields that generally have been producing for a long period of time, typically more than ten years. Observing the performance of these fields over many years allows for greater understanding of production and reservoir characteristics, making future performance more predictable. The production and corresponding decline rates attributable to properties of this type, in contrast with more recently drilled properties, can be forecasted with a greater degree of accuracy. Similarly, we use words such as mature or low-risk to describe our properties as having established operating, reservoir and production characteristics.
The development and production of oil and natural gas has a number of uncertainties that pose substantial risk, even for mature properties. However, we view our properties as having less risk because many of the operational risks associated with development and production (for example, drilling a well, whether one will encounter hydrocarbons capable of production in paying quantities and initial production decline rate) tend to occur earlier in the lifecycle of oil and natural gas properties. For a discussion of the risks inherent in oil and natural gas production, please read Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Business.
The following table shows the estimated net proved oil and natural gas reserves of our properties as of December 31, 2012, based on the reserve reports prepared by Miller and Lents, Ltd. (Miller and Lents) and Netherland, Sewell and Associates, Inc. (Netherland Sewell), our independent petroleum engineers, and certain unaudited information regarding such properties.
|
|
Estimated Net Proved Reserves as of December 31, 2012 (1) |
|
|
| |||||||||
|
|
|
|
% of |
|
|
|
% Oil |
|
|
|
Standardized |
| |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
% Proved |
|
and |
|
% |
|
Measure |
| |
|
|
MBoe |
|
Reserves |
|
Developed |
|
NGLs |
|
Operated |
|
(thousands) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Permian Basin Region |
|
17,028 |
|
61 |
% |
76 |
% |
71 |
% |
94 |
% |
$ |
262,872 |
|
Mid-Continent Region |
|
7,593 |
|
27 |
% |
100 |
% |
0 |
% |
93 |
% |
32,436 |
| |
Gulf Coast Region |
|
3,254 |
|
12 |
% |
100 |
% |
30 |
% |
89 |
% |
29,933 |
| |
All Regions |
|
27,875 |
|
100 |
% |
85 |
% |
47 |
% |
93 |
% |
$ |
325,241 |
|
(1) Our estimated net proved reserves were computed by applying average trailing twelve-month index prices (calculated as the unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within the applicable twelve-month period), held constant throughout the life of the properties. These prices were adjusted by lease for quality, transportation fees, geographical differentials, marketing bonuses or deductions and other factors affecting the price received at the wellhead. The average trailing twelve-month index prices were $94.71/Bbl for NYMEX-WTI oil and $2.76/MMBtu for NYMEX-Henry Hub natural gas for the twelve months ended December 31, 2012. For NGL pricing, a differential is applied to the $94.71/Bbl average trailing twelve-month index price of oil.
Summary of Oil and Natural Gas Properties and Projects
The Permian Basin Region
Approximately 61% of our estimated proved reserves as of December 31, 2012 and approximately 56% of our average daily net production for the year ended December 31, 2012 were located in the Permian Basin region. Approximately 71% of our estimated net proved reserves in the Permian Basin region are oil and NGLs. The Permian Basin is one of the largest and most prolific oil and natural gas producing basins in the United States, extending over 100,000 square miles in West Texas and southeast New Mexico, and has produced over 24 billion barrels of oil since its discovery in 1921. The Permian Basin is characterized by oil and natural gas fields with long production histories, multiple producing formations and low rates of production decline. The majority of our current production in the Permian Basin region is primary recovery. However, waterflood operations exist in the same formations in nearby properties operated by others and the potential for similar operations exist in some of our wells that produce from the San Andres formation in our Red Lake area.
We own an 82% average working interest across 636 gross (519 net) wells and operate approximately 94% of our properties in the Permian Basin. Our estimated proved reserves for our Permian Basin properties as of December 31, 2012 totaled 17.0 MMBoe and had a standardized measure of $262.9 million, which represented 81% of the total standardized measure for all of our estimated proved reserves. Our Permian Basin properties have a proved developed producing production decline rate of approximately 13% per year over the next five years and approximately 8% thereafter. Based on our reserve report dated December 31, 2012, we expect to spend $26.1 million on recompletions, re-stimulations, workovers and facility upgrades to convert our 2.7 MMBoe of Permian Basin proved developed non-producing reserves to proved developed producing reserves and $120.4 million on drilling to convert our 4.1 MMBoe of Permian Basin proved undeveloped reserves to proved developed producing.
The Mid-Continent Region
Approximately 27% of our estimated proved reserves as of December 31, 2012 and approximately 30% of our average daily net production for the year ended December 31, 2012 were located in the Mid-Continent region. Approximately 100% of our estimated net proved reserves in the Mid-Continent region are natural gas. Our properties in the Mid-Continent Region are characterized by stratigraphic plays with multiple, stacked pay zones and
more complex geology than our other operating areas. Similar to our other operating areas, the Mid-Continent region contains a number of fields with long production histories.
We own a 68% average working interest across 145 gross (99 net) wells and operate 93% of our properties in the Mid-Continent region. Our estimated proved reserves for our Mid-Continent region properties as of December 31, 2012 were 7.6 MMBoe and had a standardized measure of $32.4 million, which represented 10% of the total standardized measure for all of our estimated proved reserves. Our Mid-Continent properties have a proved developed producing production decline rate of approximately 9% per year over the next five years and 7% per year thereafter. Based on our reserve report dated December 31, 2012, we expect to spend $1.5 million on recompletions and workovers to convert our 0.7 MMBoe of Mid-Continent proved developed non-producing reserves to proved developed producing reserves. We do not have any proved undeveloped reserves in the Mid-Continent region.
The Gulf Coast Region
Approximately 12% of our estimated proved reserves as of December 31, 2012 and approximately 14% of our average daily net production for the year ended December 31, 2012 were located in the Gulf Coast region. Approximately 30% of our estimated net proved reserves in the Gulf Coast region are oil and NGLs. Although many assets in the Gulf Coast region exhibit high rates of production decline, our Gulf Coast properties consist primarily of legacy fields and are characterized by relatively stable production profiles and long production histories.
We own a 70% average working interest across 49 gross (34 net) wells and operate 89% of our properties in the Gulf Coast region. Our estimated proved reserves as of December 31, 2012 totaled 3.3 MMBoe and had a standardized measure of $29.9 million as of December 31, 2012, which represented 9% of the total standardized measure for all of our estimated proved reserves. Our Gulf Coast properties have a proved developed producing production decline rate of approximately 14% per year over the next five years and 9% per year thereafter. Based on our reserve report dated December 31, 2012, we expect to spend $1.1 million on recompletions and workovers to convert our 0.7 MMBoe of Gulf Coast proved developed non-producing reserves to proved developed producing reserves. We do not have any proved undeveloped reserves in the Gulf Coast region.
Oil and Natural Gas Data and Operations
Internal Controls
Our proved reserves are estimated at the well or unit level and compiled for reporting purposes by ServCos corporate reservoir engineering staff. ServCo maintains internal evaluations of our reserves in a secure reserve engineering database. The corporate reservoir engineering staff interacts with ServCos internal production and geoscience professionals in each of our operating areas and with operating, accounting and marketing employees to obtain the necessary data for the reserves estimation process. Reserves are reviewed internally by our senior management on a periodic basis throughout the year. Our reserve estimates are evaluated by Miller and Lents, Ltd. (Miller and Lents) and Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. (Netherland Sewell), our independent third-party reserve engineers, or another independent reserve engineering firm, at least annually.
Our internal professional staff works closely with Miller and Lents and Netherland Sewell to ensure the integrity, accuracy and timeliness of data that is furnished to them for their reserve estimation process. All of the reserve information maintained in our secure reserve engineering database is provided to the external engineers. In addition, we provide Miller and Lents and Netherland Sewell other pertinent data, such as seismic information, geologic maps, well logs, production tests, material balance calculations, well performance data, operating procedures and relevant economic criteria. We make all requested information, as well as our pertinent personnel, available to the external engineers as part of their evaluation of our reserves.
Technology Used to Establish Proved Reserves
Under the SEC rules, proved reserves are those quantities of oil and natural gas that by analysis of geoscience and engineering data can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations. The term reasonable certainty implies a high degree of confidence that the quantities of oil and natural
gas actually recovered will equal or exceed the estimate. Reasonable certainty can be established using techniques that have been proven effective by actual production from projects in the same reservoir or an analogous reservoir or by other evidence using reliable technology that establishes reasonable certainty. Reliable technology is a grouping of one or more technologies (including computational methods) that have been field tested and have been demonstrated to provide reasonably certain results with consistency and repeatability in the formation being evaluated or in an analogous formation.
To establish reasonable certainty with respect to our estimated proved reserves, Miller and Lents and Netherland Sewell employed technologies that have been demonstrated to yield results with consistency and repeatability. The technologies and economic data used in the estimation of our proved reserves include, but are not limited to, electrical logs, radioactivity logs, core analyses, geologic maps and available downhole and production data, seismic data and well test data. Reserves attributable to producing wells with sufficient production history were estimated using appropriate decline curves or other performance relationships. Reserves attributable to producing wells with limited production history and proved undeveloped locations and additions to proved undeveloped reserves were estimated using performance, log and production data from analogous wells in the surrounding area and geologic data to assess the reservoir continuity. These wells were considered to be analogous based on production performance from the same formation and completion using similar techniques.
Qualifications of Responsible Technical Persons
Internal Engineer. Christopher Butta, Vice President and Chief Engineer of our general partner, is the technical person primarily responsible for overseeing the preparation of our reserves estimates. Mr. Butta is also responsible for liaison with and oversight of our third-party reserve engineers. Mr. Butta has 29 years of industry experience. From 1991 through 2005, Mr. Butta worked at Miller and Lents, an independent oil and gas consulting firm. During his 14 years at Miller and Lents, he rose from Consulting Engineer to Senior Vice President. From 1984 to 1991, Mr. Butta worked at ARCO Oil and Gas Company. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Petroleum Engineering from University of Missouri-Rolla.
Miller and Lents. Miller and Lents is an independent oil and natural gas consulting firm. No director, officer, or key employee of Miller and Lents has any financial ownership in us, ServCo, Lime Rock Resources or any of their respective affiliates. Miller and Lents compensation for the required investigations and preparation of its report is not contingent upon the results obtained and reported, and Miller and Lents has not performed other work for ServCo, Lime Rock Resources or us that would affect its objectivity. The independent engineering analysis presented in the Miller and Lents report was overseen by Ms. Leslie Fallon. Ms. Fallon is an experienced reservoir engineer having been a practicing petroleum engineer since 1983. She has more than 30 years of experience in reserves evaluation. She has a Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Texas at Austin and is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas.
Netherland Sewell. Netherland Sewell is an independent oil and natural gas consulting firm. No director, officer, or key employee of Netherland Sewell has any financial ownership in us, ServCo, Lime Rock Resources or any of their respective affiliates. Netherland Sewells compensation for the required investigations and preparation of its report is not contingent upon the results obtained and reported, and Netherland Sewell has not performed other work for ServCo, Lime Rock Resources or us that would affect its objectivity. The independent engineering analysis presented in the Netherland Sewell report was overseen by Mr. Lee E. George. Mr. George is an experienced reservoir engineer having been a practicing petroleum engineer since 1981. He has more than 31 years of experience in reserves evaluation. He has a Bachelor of Science Degree in Civil Engineering from The University of Texas at Austin and is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas.
Estimated Proved Reserves
The following table presents the estimated net proved oil and natural gas reserves attributable to our properties, and the standardized measure amounts associated with such reserves, as of December 31, 2012, prepared by Miller and Lents and Netherland Sewell, our independent reserve engineers. All of our reserves have been reviewed by independent reserve engineers. The standardized measure amounts shown in the table are not intended to represent the current market value of our estimated oil and natural gas reserves.
|
|
As of |
| |
Reserve Data(1): |
|
|
| |
Estimated proved reserves: |
|
|
| |
Oil (MBbls) |
|
9,665 |
| |
NGLs (MBbls) |
|
3,441 |
| |
Natural gas (MMcf) |
|
88,615 |
| |
Total estimated proved reserves (MBoe)(2) |
|
27,875 |
| |
Estimated proved developed reserves: |
|
|
| |
Oil (MBbls) |
|
6,979 |
| |
NGLs (MBbls) |
|
2,716 |
| |
Natural gas (MMcf) |
|
84,747 |
| |
Total estimated proved developed reserves (MBoe)(2) |
|
23,819 |
| |
Estimated proved undeveloped reserves: |
|
|
| |
Oil (MBbls) |
|
2,686 |
| |
NGLs (MBbls) |
|
725 |
| |
Natural gas (MMcf) |
|
3,868 |
| |
Total estimated proved undeveloped reserves (MBoe)(2) |
|
4,056 |
| |
Standardized Measure (in millions)(3) |
|
$ |
325.2 |
|
(1) Our estimated net proved reserves and related standardized measure were determined using index prices for oil and natural gas, without giving effect to commodity derivative contracts, held constant throughout the life of the properties. The unweighted arithmetic average first-day-of-the-month prices for the prior twelve months were $94.71/Bbl for NYMEX-WTI oil and NGLs and $2.76/MMBtu for NYMEX-Henry Hub natural gas at December 31, 2012. These prices were adjusted by lease for quality, transportation fees, geographical differentials, marketing bonuses or deductions and other factors affecting the price received at the wellhead. For NGL pricing, a differential is applied to the unweighted arithmetic average first-day-of-the-month oil prices for the prior twelve months. As of December 31, 2012, the relevant average realized prices for oil, natural gas and NGLs were $89.20 per Bbl, $2.80 per Mcf and $45.86 per Bbl, respectively.
(2) One Boe is equal to six Mcf of natural gas or one Bbl of oil or NGLs based on a rough energy equivalency. This is a physical correlation and does not reflect a value or price relationship between the commodities.
(3) Standardized measure is calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 932, Extractive Activities Oil and Gas. Because we are a limited partnership, we are generally not subject to federal or state income taxes and thus make no provision for federal or state income taxes in the calculation of our standardized measure. For a description of our commodity derivative contracts, please read Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Liquidity and Capital Resources Commodity Derivative Contracts.
The data in the table above represents estimates only. Oil and natural gas reserve engineering is inherently a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of oil and natural gas that cannot be measured exactly. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data and engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. Accordingly, reserve estimates may vary from the quantities of oil and natural gas that are ultimately recovered. For a discussion of risks associated with reserve estimates, please read Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Business.
Future prices received for production and costs may vary, perhaps significantly, from the prices and costs assumed for purposes of these estimates. The standardized measure amounts shown above should not be construed as the current market value of our estimated oil and natural gas reserves. The 10% discount factor used to calculate standardized measure, which is required by Financial Accounting Standard Board pronouncements, is not necessarily the most appropriate discount rate. The present value, no matter what discount rate is used, is materially affected by assumptions as to timing of future production, which may prove to be inaccurate.
Development of Proved Undeveloped Reserves
The following table represents a summary of activity within our proved undeveloped reserve category for the year ended December 31, 2012:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural |
|
|
|
|
|
Oil |
|
NGL |
|
Gas |
|
Total |
|
|
|
(MBbls) |
|
(MBbls) |
|
(MMcf) |
|
(MBoe) |
|
Proved undeveloped reserves-beginning of year |
|
2,233 |
|
748 |
|
9,207 |
|
4,516 |
|
Transferred to proved developed through drilling |
|
(318 |
) |
(106 |
) |
(437 |
) |
(497 |
) |
Increase (decrease) due to evaluation reassessments and drilling results, net |
|
771 |
|
83 |
|
(4,902 |
) |
37 |
|
Acquisition of reserves |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reductions of proved developed reserves aged five or more years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved undeveloped reserves-end of period |
|
2,686 |
|
725 |
|
3,868 |
|
4,056 |
|
The decrease in natural gas proved undeveloped reserves was primarily due to significantly lower natural gas prices during 2012. We incurred $13.8 million in capital to convert proved undeveloped reserves to proved developed reserves during the year ended December 31, 2012.
All of our proved undeveloped reserves as of December 31, 2012 are scheduled to be developed on a date that is five years or less from the date the reserves were initially booked as proved undeveloped. Historically, our drilling and development programs were substantially funded from our cash flow from operations. Our expectation is to continue to fund our drilling and development programs primarily from our cash flow from operations. Based on our current expectations of our cash flows and drilling and development programs, which includes drilling of proved undeveloped locations, we believe that we can fund the drilling of our current inventory of proved undeveloped locations in the next five years from our cash flow from operations and, if needed, our credit facility. For a more detailed discussion of our liquidity position, please read Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Liquidity and Capital Resources.
Production, Revenues and Price History
For a description of our historical production, revenues and average sales prices and unit costs, see Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Results of Operations.
Drilling and Other Exploratory and Development Activities
Drilling Activities. As of December 31, 2012, we were not completing, recompleting or conducting a capital workover on any well or completing production testing on any well. We were production testing one well recompletion as of December 31, 2012.
The following table sets forth information with respect to wells drilled and completed by us during the periods indicated. The information should not be considered indicative of future performance, nor should a correlation be assumed between the number of productive wells drilled, quantities of reserves found or economic value.
|
|
Partnership |
|
|
Predecessor |
| ||||||||||||
|
|
2012 |
|
2011(1) |
|
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
| ||||||||
|
|
Gross |
|
Net |
|
Gross |
|
Net |
|
|
Gross |
|
Net |
|
Gross |
|
Net |
|
Development wells: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Productive |
|
17 |
|
14 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
31 |
|
17 |
|
27 |
|
16 |
|
Dry |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
Exploratory wells: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Productive |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
Dry |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
Total wells: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Productive |
|
17 |
|
14 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
31 |
|
17 |
|
27 |
|
16 |
|
Dry |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
Total |
|
17 |
|
14 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
31 |
|
17 |
|
28 |
|
17 |
|
(1) Reflects our drilling activity for the period from November 16 to December 31, 2011.
Other Exploratory and Development Activities. As of December 31, 2012, we did not have any exploratory activities in progress on our properties.
Productive Wells
The following table sets forth information at December 31, 2012 relating to the productive wells in which we owned a working interest as of that date. Productive wells consist of producing wells and wells capable of production, including natural gas wells awaiting pipeline connections to commence deliveries and oil wells awaiting connection to production facilities. Gross wells are the total number of producing wells in which we own an interest, and net wells are approximately the sum of our fractional working interests owned in gross wells.
|
|
Oil |
|
Natural Gas |
| ||||
|
|
Gross |
|
Net |
|
Gross |
|
Net |
|
Operated |
|
241 |
|
212 |
|
476 |
|
414 |
|
Non-operated |
|
42 |
|
10 |
|
60 |
|
14 |
|
Total |
|
283 |
|
222 |
|
536 |
|
428 |
|
Developed Acreage
The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 2012 relating to our leasehold acreage. Acreage related to royalty, overriding royalty and other similar interests is excluded from this summary. As of December 31, 2012, substantially all of our leasehold acreage was held by production.
|
|
Developed Acreage |
| ||
|
|
Gross (1) |
|
Net (2) |
|
Permian Basin |
|
153,191 |
|
124,773 |
|
Mid-Continent |
|
22,643 |
|
16,331 |
|
Gulf Coast |
|
15,643 |
|
12,368 |
|
Total |
|
191,477 |
|
153,472 |
|
(1) A gross acre is an acre in which we own a working interest. The number of gross acres is the total number of acres in which we own a working interest.
(2) A net acre is deemed to exist when the sum of the fractional ownership working interests in gross acres equals one. The number of net acres is the sum of the fractional working interests owned in gross acres expressed as whole numbers and fractions thereof.
Delivery Commitments
We have no delivery commitments with respect to our production.
Exploitation Activities
Reserve additions due to extensions and discoveries are primarily in the proved undeveloped reserve category. As of December 31, 2012, we have identified 200 gross (160 net) recompletion, refracture stimulation and workover projects and 212 gross (140 net) proved undeveloped drilling locations on our properties. Excluding acquisitions, we anticipate capital expenditures of approximately $28.3 million during the twelve months ending December 31, 2013, including drilling 33 gross (29 net) development wells and executing 32 gross (21 net) recompletions, refracture stimulations and workover projects.
Operations
General
As of December 31, 2012, we operated approximately 93% of our proved reserves. We design and manage the development, recompletion or workover for all of the wells we operate and supervise operation and maintenance activities. We do not own the drilling rigs or other oil field services equipment used for drilling or maintaining wells on the properties we operate. Independent contractors provide all the equipment and personnel associated with these activities. Pursuant to our services agreement with ServCo and Lime Rock Management, ServCo and Lime Rock Management provide management, administrative and operational services to our general partner and us to manage and operate our business. ServCo employs production and reservoir engineers, geologists and other specialists, as well as field personnel. We charge the non-operating partners a contractual administrative overhead charge for operating the wells. Some of our non-operated wells are managed by third-party operators who are typically independent oil and natural gas companies.
Oil and Natural Gas Leases
The typical oil and natural gas lease agreement covering our properties provides for the payment of royalties to the mineral owner for all oil and natural gas produced from any wells drilled on the leased premises. The lessor royalties and other leasehold burdens on our properties range from 6% to 54%, resulting in a net revenue interest to us ranging from 2% to 88%, or 65% on average for most of our leases.
Substantially all of our leases are held by production and are not subject to continuous drilling obligations.
Title to Properties
Prior to completing an acquisition of producing oil and natural gas properties, we perform title reviews on significant leases, and depending on the materiality of properties, we may obtain a title opinion or review previously obtained title opinions. As a result, title examinations have been obtained on a significant portion of our properties. After an acquisition, we review the assignments from the seller for scriveners and other errors and execute and record corrective assignments as necessary.
As is customary in the oil and natural gas industry, we initially conduct only a cursory review of the titles to our properties on which we do not have proved reserves. Prior to the commencement of drilling operations on those properties, we conduct a thorough title examination and perform curative work with respect to significant defects. To the extent title opinions or other investigations reflect title defects on those properties, we are typically responsible for curing any title defects at our expense. We generally will not commence drilling operations on a property until we have cured any material title defects on such property.
We believe that we have satisfactory title to all of our material properties. Although title to these properties is subject to encumbrances in some cases, such as customary interests generally retained in connection with the acquisition of real property, customary royalty interests and contract terms and restrictions, liens under operating agreements, liens related to environmental liabilities associated with historical operations, liens for current taxes and other burdens, easements, restrictions and minor encumbrances customary in the oil and natural gas industry, we believe that none of these liens, restrictions, easements, burdens and encumbrances will materially detract from the value of these properties or from our interest in these properties or materially interfere with our use of these properties in the operation of our business. In addition, we believe that we have obtained sufficient rights-of-way
grants and permits from public authorities and private parties for us to operate our business in all material respects as described in this report.
Although we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, neither we nor our general partner is currently a party to any material legal proceedings. In addition, we are not aware of any significant legal or governmental proceedings against us or our general partner, or contemplated to be brought against us or our general partner, under the various environmental protection statues to which we or they are subject.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED UNITHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Our common units are listed and traded on the NYSE under the symbol LRE. As of March 8, 2013, there were 15,747,102 common units outstanding held by approximately seven holders of record, including common units held by Lime Rock Resources. This number does not include owners from whom common units may be held in street name. The table below represents the daily high and low sales price per common unit for the period from November 11, 2011 (the initial listing date of the units) through December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012.
|
|
Common Unit Price Range |
| ||||
|
|
High |
|
Low |
| ||
2012 |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Fourth quarter |
|
$ |
20.08 |
|
$ |
15.66 |
|
Third quarter |
|
$ |
19.00 |
|
$ |
14.23 |
|
Second quarter |
|
$ |
20.63 |
|
$ |
12.25 |
|
First quarter |
|
$ |
21.62 |
|
$ |
17.68 |
|
2011 |
|
|
|
|
| ||
November 11-December 31 |
|
$ |
22.39 |
|
$ |
17.03 |
|
We have also issued 6,720,000 subordinated units, for which there is no established trading public trading market. The subordinated units are held by Fund I. Finally, we have issued 22,400 general partner units to LRE GP, LLC.
Cash Distribution to Unitholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
Limited Partners |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||
|
|
For the quarterly |
|
General |
|
Public |
|
Affiliated |
|
Total |
|
Distribution |
| ||||||||
Date Paid |
|
period ended |
|
Partner |
|
Common |
|
Common |
|
Subordinated |
|
Distributions |
|
Per Unit |
| ||||||
|
|
(in thousands) |
| ||||||||||||||||||
February 14, 2012(1) |
|
December 31, 2011 |
|
$ |
5 |
|
$ |
2,474 |
|
$ |
1,173 |
|
$ |
1,561 |
|
$ |
5,213 |
|
$ |
0.2323 |
|
May 14, 2012 |
|
March 31, 2012 |
|
11 |
|
5,062 |
|
2,399 |
|
3,192 |
|
10,664 |
|
0.4750 |
| ||||||
August 14, 2012 |
|
June 30, 2012 |
|
11 |
|
5,063 |
|
2,399 |
|
3,192 |
|
10,665 |
|
0.4750 |
| ||||||
November 14, 2012 |
|
September 30, 2012 |
|
10 |
|
5,090 |
|
2,411 |
|
3,209 |
|
10,720 |
|
0.4775 |
| ||||||
February 14, 2013 |
|
December 31, 2012 |
|
11 |
|
5,125 |
|
2,424 |
|
3,225 |
|
10,785 |
|
0.4800 |
| ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
(1) The distribution for the fourth quarter of 2011 represented a proration of our minimum quarterly distribution of $0.4750 per unit for the period from November 16 through December 31, 2011.
On January 18, 2013, the board of directors of LRE, GP, LLC declared a quarterly cash distribution for the fourth quarter of 2012 of $0.4800 per unit. The aggregate distribution of $10.8 million was paid on February 14, 2013 to unitholders of record as of the close of business on January 30, 2013.
Cash Distribution Policy
Our partnership agreement requires that, within 45 days after the end of each quarter, beginning with the quarter ended December 31, 2011, we distribute all of our available cash to unitholders of record on the applicable record date.
Available cash, for any quarter, consists of all cash and cash equivalents on hand at the end of that quarter:
· less, the amount of cash reserves established by our general partner at the date of determination of available cash for the quarter to:
· provide for the proper conduct of our business, which could include, but is not limited to, amounts reserved for capital expenditures, working capital and operating expenses;
· comply with applicable law, any of our debt instruments or other agreements; or
· provide funds for distributions to our unitholders (including our general partner) for any one or more of the next four quarters (provided that our general partner may not establish cash reserves for future distributions on our subordinated units unless it determines that the establishment of reserves will not prevent us from distributing the minimum quarterly distribution on all common units and any cumulative arrearages on such common units for such quarter);
· plus, if our general partner so determines, all or a portion of cash on hand on the date of determination of available cash for the quarter resulting from working capital borrowings made after the end of the quarter.
Fund I owns an aggregate of 6,720,000 subordinated units. During the subordination period, the common units will have the right to receive distributions of available cash from operating surplus each quarter in an amount equal to $0.4750 per common unit, which amount is defined in our partnership agreement as the minimum quarterly distribution, plus any arrearages in the payment of the minimum quarterly distribution on the common units from prior quarters, before any distributions of available cash from operating surplus may be made on the subordinated units. These units are deemed subordinated because for a period of time, referred to as the subordination period, the subordinated units will not be entitled to receive any distributions from operating surplus until the common units have received the minimum quarterly distribution plus any arrearages from prior quarters. Furthermore, no arrearages will be paid on the subordinated units. The practical effect of the subordinated units is to increase the likelihood that during the subordination period there will be available cash from operating surplus to be distributed on the common units.
The subordination period will extend until the first business day of any quarter after December 31, 2014 that we have earned and paid from operating surplus, in the aggregate, distributions on each outstanding common unit, subordinated unit and general partner unit and any other partnership interests that are senior or equal in right of distribution to the subordinated units equaling or exceeding the minimum quarterly distribution payable with respect to a period of twelve consecutive quarters immediately preceding such date, provided there are no arrearages in the minimum quarterly distribution on our common units at that time. However, three separate one third tranches of subordinated units may convert on the first business day after the distribution to unitholders in respect of any quarter ending on or after December 31, 2012, December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2014, respectively, provided that an aggregate amount equal to the minimum quarterly distribution payable with respect to all units that would be payable on four, eight or twelve consecutive quarters, as applicable, has been earned and paid prior to the applicable date, in each case provided there are no arrearages in the minimum quarterly distribution on our common units at that time. One third of the subordinated units did not convert pursuant to the provisions of our partnership agreement following our distribution for the fourth quarter of 2012 that was paid on February 14, 2013. Each quarter, we will determine whether the test for conversion of the subordinated units has been met until the subordinated units convert pursuant to the provisions of our partnership agreement.
In addition, the subordination period will end on the first business day after we have earned and paid from operating surplus at least (i) $0.54625 per quarter (115% of the minimum quarterly distribution, which is $2.185 on an annualized basis) on each outstanding common and subordinated unit and the corresponding distributions on our general partners 0.1% interest and the incentive distribution rights for any four quarter period ending on or after December 31, 2013, or (ii) $0.59375 per quarter (125% of the minimum quarterly distribution, which is $2.375 on an annualized basis) on each outstanding common and subordinated unit and the corresponding distributions on our general partners 0.1% interest and the incentive distribution rights for any four quarter period, in each case provided there are no arrearages in the minimum quarterly distribution on our common units at that time.
The subordination period will also end, with respect to subordinated units held by any person, upon the removal of our general partner other than for cause if the units held by such person and its affiliates are not voted in favor of such removal and such person is not an affiliate of the successor to the general partner.
When the subordination period ends, all subordinated units will convert into common units on a one-for-one basis, and all common units thereafter will no longer be entitled to arrearages.
During Subordination Period. Assuming our general partner has, and maintains a 0.1% general partner interest in us, our partnership agreement requires us to distribute all of our available cash from operating surplus for each quarter in the following manner during the subordination period:
· first, 99.9% to the common unitholders, pro rata, and 0.1% to our general partner, until we distribute for each common unit an amount equal to the minimum quarterly distribution for that quarter;
· second, 99.9% to the common unitholders, pro rata, and 0.1% to our general partner, until we distribute for each common unit an amount equal to any arrearages in payment of the minimum quarterly distribution on the common units for any prior quarters during the subordination period;
· third, 99.9% to the subordinated unitholders, pro rata, and 0.1% to our general partner, until we distribute for each subordinated unit an amount equal to the minimum quarterly distribution for that quarter; and
· fourth, 99.9% to all unitholders pro rata, and 0.1% to our general partner, until each unitholder receives a total of $0.54625 per unit for that quarter.
If cash distributions to our unitholders exceed $0.54625 per common unit and subordinated unit in any quarter, our unitholders and our general partner will receive distributions according to the following percentage allocations:
Total Quarterly Distribution |
|
Marginal Percentage |
| ||
|
Unitholders |
|
General Partner |
| |
above $0.54625 up to $0.59375 |
|
86.9 |
% |
13.1 |
% |
above $0.59375 |
|
76.9 |
% |
23.1 |
% |
The percentage interests shown for our general partner include a 0.1% general partner interest. We refer to the additional increasing distributions to our general partner in excess of its general partner interest as incentive distributions.
After Subordination Period. Our partnership agreement requires us to distribute all of our available cash from operating surplus each quarter in the following manner after the subordination period:
· first, 99.9% to the common unitholders, pro rata, and 0.1% to our general partner, until we distribute for each common unit an amount equal to the minimum quarterly distribution for that quarter;
· second, 99.9% to all unitholders, pro rata, and 0.1% to our general partner, until each unitholder receives a total of $0.54625 per unit for that quarter; and
· thereafter, as provided in the table above.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
See Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Unitholder Matters for information regarding our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2012.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None not previously reported on a current report on Form 8-K.
Issuer Purchaser of Equity Securities
None.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
The selected consolidated financial data presented as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the period from November 16 to December 31, 2011 are derived from our audited financial statements. The selected financial data for the period from January 1 to November 15, 2011 and as of and for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 are derived from the audited financial statements of our predecessor. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, both contained herein. The following table shows selected financial data of the Partnership and our predecessor for the periods and as of the dates indicated.
|
|
Partnership |
|
|
Predecessor |
| ||||||||||||||
|
|
Year Ended |
|
November 16 to |
|
|
January 1 to |
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
| ||||||
|
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
|
November 15, |
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
| ||||||
(in thousands) |
|
2012 |
|
2011 |
|
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
| ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Statement of Operations Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Oil sales |
|
$ |
60,934 |
|
$ |
8,259 |
|
|
$ |
59,605 |
|
$ |
52,670 |
|
$ |
34,604 |
|
$ |
58,852 |
|
Natural gas sales |
|
21,522 |
|
3,642 |
|
|
35,883 |
|
48,088 |
|
33,798 |
|
100,378 |
| ||||||
Natural gas liquids sales |
|
10,907 |
|
1,829 |
|
|
14,500 |
|
14,748 |
|
10,617 |
|
20,393 |
| ||||||
Realized gain (loss) on commodity derivative instruments |
|
23,350 |
|
4,015 |
|
|
9,353 |
|
48,029 |
|
70,902 |
|
(2,676 |
) | ||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on commodity derivative instruments |
|
(11,264 |
) |
6,664 |
|
|
12,674 |
|
(23,964 |
) |
(62,375 |
) |
117,757 |
| ||||||
Other income |
|
45 |
|
|
|
|
159 |
|
116 |
|
24 |
|
18 |
| ||||||
Total revenues |
|
105,494 |
|
24,409 |
|
|
132,174 |
|
139,687 |
|
87,570 |
|
294,722 |
| ||||||
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Lease operating expenses |
|
25,617 |
|
2,780 |
|
|
21,391 |
|
23,804 |
|
19,066 |
|
18,781 |
| ||||||
Production and ad valorem taxes |
|
7,009 |
|
976 |
|
|
7,763 |
|
9,320 |
|
6,731 |
|
13,899 |
| ||||||
Depletion and depreciation |
|
41,583 |
|
5,061 |
|
|
37,206 |
|
55,828 |
|
56,349 |
|
79,477 |
| ||||||
Impairment of oil and gas properties |
|
3,544 |
|
|
|
|
16,765 |
|
11,712 |
|
|
|
121,561 |
| ||||||
Accretion expense |
|
1,460 |
|
175 |
|
|
1,290 |
|
1,366 |
|
1,255 |
|
691 |
| ||||||
(Gain) loss on settlement of asset retirement obligations |
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
|
496 |
|
(209 |
) |
(1,570 |
) |
250 |
| ||||||
Management fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,435 |
|
6,104 |
|
8,500 |
|
8,500 |
| ||||||
General and administrative expenses |
|
12,632 |
|
1,749 |
|
|
5,149 |
|
5,293 |
|
2,408 |
|
2,493 |
| ||||||
Total operating expenses |
|
91,814 |
|
10,741 |
|
|
95,495 |
|
113,218 |
|
92,739 |
|
245,652 |
| ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Operating income (loss) |
|
13,680 |
|
13,668 |
|
|
36,679 |
|
26,469 |
|
(5,169 |
) |
49,070 |
| ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Other income (expense), net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Interest income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
17 |
|
87 |
|
623 |
| ||||||
Interest expense |
|
(6,596 |
) |
(604 |
) |
|
(919 |
) |
(3,223 |
) |
(1,274 |
) |
(2,131 |
) | ||||||
Realized loss on interest rate derivative instruments |
|
(465 |
) |
|
|
|
(574 |
) |
(649 |
) |
(457 |
) |
(71 |
) | ||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate derivative instruments |
|
(4,185 |
) |
|
|
|
441 |
|
(248 |
) |
95 |
|
(709 |
) | ||||||
Other income (expense), net |
|
(11,246 |
) |
(604 |
) |
|
(1,051 |
) |
(4,103 |
) |
(1,549 |
) |
(2,288 |
) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Income (loss) before taxes |
|
2,434 |
|
13,064 |
|
|
35,628 |
|
22,366 |
|
(6,718 |
) |
46,782 |
| ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
|
(172 |
) |
(48 |
) |
|
76 |
|
(32 |
) |
622 |
|
(971 |
) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Net income (loss) |
|
$ |
2,262 |
|
$ |
13,016 |
|
|
$ |
35,704 |
|
$ |
22,334 |
|
$ |
(6,096 |
) |
$ |
45,811 |
|
Net income attributable to predecessor operations |
|
(2,265 |
) |
(866 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Net income (loss) available to unitholders |
|
$ |
(3 |
) |
$ |
12,150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
General partners interest in net income (loss) |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Limited partners interest in net income (loss) |
|
$ |
(3 |
) |
$ |
12,138 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Net income (loss) per limited partner unit (basic and diluted) |
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
$ |
0.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Weighted average number of limited partner units outstanding (basic and diluted) |
|
22,425 |
|
22,418 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Other Financial Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
|
$ |
71,813 |
|
$ |
12,271 |
|
|
$ |
79,762 |
|
$ |
119,130 |
|
$ |
113,240 |
|
$ |
133,292 |
|
|
|
Partnership |
|
|
Predecessor |
| ||||||||||||||
|
|
Year Ended |
|
November 16 to |
|
|
January 1 to |
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
| ||||||
|
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
|
November 15, |
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
| ||||||
(in thousands) |
|
2012 |
|
2011 |
|
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
| ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Cash Flow Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
|
$ |
67,901 |
|
$ |
4,191 |
|
|
$ |
84,027 |
|
$ |
121,269 |
|
$ |
108,148 |
|
$ |
139,236 |
|
Net cash used in investing activities |
|
$ |
(31,416 |
) |
$ |
(755 |
) |
|
$ |
(44,891 |
) |
$ |
(125,846 |
) |
$ |
(25,129 |
) |
$ |
(217,986 |
) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
|
$ |
(34,531 |
) |
$ |
(1,923 |
) |
|
$ |
(38,000 |
) |
$ |
1,505 |
|
$ |
(118,151 |
) |
$ |
117,758 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Balance Sheet Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Working capital |
|
$ |
18,281 |
|
$ |
23,124 |
|
|
|
(1) |
$ |
33,209 |
|
$ |
57,466 |
|
$ |
113,846 |
| |
Total assets |
|
$ |
502,486 |
|
$ |
521,014 |
|
|
|
(1) |
$ |
504,622 |
|
$ |
465,691 |
|
$ |
593,866 |
| |
Total debt |
|
$ |
228,000 |
|
$ |
155,800 |
|
|
|
(1) |
$ |
27,251 |
|
$ |
24,150 |
|
$ |
32,250 |
| |
Unitholders Equity/partners capital |
|
$ |
229,835 |
|
$ |
333,429 |
|
|
|
(1) |
$ |
426,733 |
|
$ |
405,646 |
|
$ |
521,784 |
|
(1) These balance sheet amounts are not presented as they are not included in the predecessors financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Below we disclose the non-GAAP financial measures Adjusted EBITDA and Distributable Cash Flow for the periods presented and provide reconciliations of these items to net income (loss), our most directly comparable financial performance measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss):
· Plus:
· Income tax expense (benefit);
· Interest expense-net, including realized and unrealized losses on interest rate derivative contracts;
· Depletion and depreciation;
· Accretion of asset retirement obligations;
· Amortization of equity awards;
· Gain (loss) on settlement of asset retirement obligations;
· Unrealized losses on commodity derivative contracts;
· Impairment of oil and natural gas properties; and
· Other non-recurring items that we deem appropriate.
· Less:
· Interest income;
· Unrealized gains on commodity derivative contracts; and
· Other non-recurring items that we deem appropriate.
We define Distributable Cash Flow as Adjusted EBITDA less income tax expense; cash interest expense; and estimated maintenance capital expenditures.
Adjusted EBITDA and Distributable Cash Flow are used as supplemental financial measures by our management and by external users of our financial statements, such as investors, commercial banks and others, to assess:
· our operating performance as compared to that of other companies and partnerships in our industry, without regard to financing methods, capital structure or historical cost basis; and
· the ability of our assets to generate sufficient cash flow to make distributions to our unitholders.
Our management believes that both Adjusted EBITDA and Distributable Cash Flow are useful to investors because these measures are used by many partnerships in the industry as measures of operating and financial performance and are commonly employed by financial analysts and others to evaluate the operating and financial
performance of the Partnership from period to period and to compare it with the performance of other publicly traded partnerships within the industry. Adjusted EBITDA and Distributable Cash Flow should not be considered alternatives to net income, operating income, or any other measures of financial performance presented in accordance with GAAP. Our Adjusted EBITDA and Distributable Cash Flow may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of another company because all companies may not calculate Adjusted EBITDA and Distributable Cash Flow in the same manner.
Our Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the period from November 16 to December 31, 2011 was approximately $71.8 million and $12.3 million, respectively. Our predecessors Adjusted EBITDA for the period from January 1 to November 11, 2011 and the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was approximately $79.8 million, $119.1 million, $113.2 million and $133.3 million, respectively.
Our Distributable Cash Flow for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the period from November 16 to December 31, 2011 was approximately $44.1 million and $9.6 million, respectively.
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Net Income
The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, our most directly comparable GAAP performance measure, for each of the periods presented.
|
|
Partnership |
|
|
Predecessor |
| ||||||||||||||
|
|
Year Ended |
|
November 16 to |
|
|
January 1 to |
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
| ||||||
|
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
|
November 15, |
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
| ||||||
(in thousands) |
|
2012 |
|
2011 |
|
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
| ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Net income (loss) |
|
$ |
2,262 |
|
$ |
13,016 |
|
|
$ |
35,704 |
|
$ |
22,334 |
|
$ |
(6,096 |
) |
$ |
45,811 |
|
Income tax expense (benefit) |
|
172 |
|
48 |
|
|
(76 |
) |
32 |
|
(622 |
) |
971 |
| ||||||
Interest expense-net, including realized and unrealized losses on interest rate derivative instruments |
|
11,246 |
|
604 |
|
|
1,052 |
|
4,120 |
|
1,636 |
|
2,911 |
| ||||||
Depletion and depreciation |
|
41,583 |
|
5,061 |
|
|
37,206 |
|
55,828 |
|
56,349 |
|
79,477 |
| ||||||
Accretion of asset retirement obligations |
|
1,460 |
|
175 |
|
|
1,290 |
|
1,366 |
|
1,255 |
|
691 |
| ||||||
Amortization of equity awards |
|
313 |
|
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Gain (loss) on settlement of asset retirement obligations |
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
|
496 |
|
(209 |
) |
(1,570 |
) |
250 |
| ||||||
Unrealized losses on commodity derivative instruments |
|
11,264 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
23,964 |
|
62,375 |
|
|
| ||||||
Impairment of oil and natural gas properties |
|
3,544 |
|
|
|
|
16,765 |
|
11,712 |
|
|
|
121,561 |
| ||||||
Interest income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
(17 |
) |
(87 |
) |
(623 |
) | ||||||
Unrealized gain on commodity derivative instruments |
|
|
|
(6,664 |
) |
|
(12,674 |
) |